篇章英汉互译复习题及答案

[原文]（1）为何女性物理学家较少，具有高级职称的也不多呢？有一个因素，即无意识的偏见，可能就是影响女性物理学家进步，甚至使女性无法成为物理学翘楚的罪魁祸首。艾米·巴格，斯沃斯莫尔学院的一名物理学家，曾研究了这个偏见问题。她的研究团队训练了4名表演者--两男两女---给她们十分钟做物理学讲座，由就读于物理系的学生去听讲座，然后对126名学生进行调查。当学生对物理学科水平评价时，比如演讲者是否熟知讲课内容，是否了解如何使用设备，男性演讲者得到的评价更高。但是当问及演讲者与学生间的互动时，学生更认同与自己同性别的演讲者。不过女学生仅表示出一丝对女性演讲者的偏爱，而大多数男学生则认为男性演讲者更优秀。此研究发表在《物理世界》这个期刊上。巴格认为此项研究结果指出了对女性物理学家人们所持有的先天性偏见的证据，更别说其他经济上的不平等，比如更低的工资和更少的启动津贴。这些都会降低她们职业上的腾升速度，从而更难以积蓄力量打破升迁瓶颈了。

【译文】（1）Why aren’t there more women physicists, and in senior positions? One factor may be unconscious biases that could keep women physicists from advancing—and may even prevent women from going into physics in the first place. Amy Bug, a physicist at Swarthmore College, examined the bias question. Her research team trained four actors—two men, two women—to give a 10-minute physics lecture. Real physics classes watched the lecturers. Then the 126 students were surveyed. When it came to questions of physics ability—whether the lecturer had a good grasp of the material, and knew how to use the equipment—male lecturers got higher ratings by both male and female students. But when asked how well the lecturer relates to the students, each gender preferred their own. And while female students gave a slight preference to female lecturers, male students overwhelmingly rated the male lecturers as being superior. The research appears in the journal Physics World. Bug says the results may be evidence of inherent biases that could hold women back—along with economic inequalities, such as lower wages and smaller

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start-up grants, which reduce career acceleration and thus the amount of force available to crack the glass ceiling.

【原文】（2）事情是这样的：巴特比原来是华盛顿（邮政局）的死信科一个小职员，后来因为换了上司，突然遭到解雇。我把这个传说想了一下，那种紧紧控制着我的情感简直无法表达出来。死信！它听来不是跟死人一样么？想有这么一个人，他的天性和倒楣的运气往往会使他绝望得面色苍白，那么还有什么工作比终日不断地处理这些死信，把它们挑出来烧掉，更能使他越发面色苍白，越发感到绝望呢？因为这些死信每年总要一车一车地烧掉。有时候，这个面色苍白的职员从折起的信笺里拿到了一只戒指——也许准备带上这只戒指的手指已经是坟墓里的枯骨了；有时候，他发现一张寄来济急的钞票——也许它所要接济的人，已经既不能吃，也不再觉得饿了。这些信件本来是给那些因绝望而死去的人带来宽恕，给那些死于非命的人带来希望，给那些因得不到救济而咽了气的人带来好消息；可是这些负了生的使命的信件，却奔向死亡。呵，巴特比！呵，人类！ 【译文】(2) The report was this: that Bartleby had been a subordinate clerk in the Dead Letter Office at Washington, from which he had been suddenly removed by a change in the administration. When I think over this rumor, I cannot adequately express the emotions which seize me. Dead letters! Does it not sound like dead men? Conceive a man by nature and misfortune prone to a pallid hopelessness; can any business seem more fitted to heighten it than that of continually handling these dead letters, and assorting them for the flames? For by the cart-load they are annually burned. Sometimes from out the folded paper the pale clerk takes a ring: —the finger it was meant for, perhaps, moulders in the grave; a bank-note sent in swiftest charity: —he whom it would relieve, nor eats nor hungers any more; pardon for those who died despairing; hope for those who died unhoping: good tidings for those who died stifled by unrelieved calamities. On errands of life, these letters speed to death. Ah Bartleby! Ah humanity!

[原文]（3）初雪飘临，多么美啊！它整日整夜那么静静地飘着，落在山岭上，落在草地上，落在生者的屋顶上，落在逝者的坟墓上！在一片洁白之中，只有河流在美丽的画面上划出一道曲曲弯弯的黑线；还有那叶儿落净的树木，映衬

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着铅灰色的天空，此刻更显得枝丫交错，姿态万千。初雪飘落时，是何等的宁谧，何等的幽静！一切声响都趋沉寂，一切噪音都化作柔和的音乐。再也听不见马蹄得得，再也听不见车轮辚辚！唯有雪橇叮咚的铃铛，奏出和谐的乐声，那明快欢乐的节拍犹如孩子们心房的搏动。（范钜清译）

[译文] (3)The first snow came. How beautiful it was, falling so silently all day long, all night long, on the mountains, on the meadows, on the roofs of the living, on the graves of the dead! All white save the river, that marked its course by a winding black line across the landscape; and the leafless trees, that against the leaden sky now revealed more fully the wonderful beauty and intricacies of their branches. What silence, too, came with the snow, and what seclusion! Every sound was muffled, every noise changed to something soft and musical. No more tramping hoofs, no more rattling wheels! Only the chiming of sleighbells, beating as swift and merrily as the hearts of children.

[原文]（4）我把小划子系好，在木筏上杰姆跟前躺下，打起了呵欠。我伸出拳头对杰姆捅了桶。我说：“喂，杰姆，我刚才睡着了么？你为什么没有把我叫醒啊？”“天啊，难道是你么，哈克？你没有死啊——你没有烟（淹）死啊——你又活过来了么？这可是太好了，乖乖，难道会有这样的霍（好）事？让我好好看一看你，伙计啊，让我墨墨（摸摸）你。是啊，你可没有死，你回来了，活蹦活跳的。还是哈克那个老样子，谢天谢地！”（臧天婴译）

【译文】（4）I made fast and laid down under Jim’s nose on the raft, and began to gap, and stretch my fists out against Jim, and says: “Hello, Jim, have I been asleep? Why didn't you stir me up? “Goodness gracious, is dat you, Huck? En you ain’ dead --- you ain’ drownded --- you’s back agin? It’s too good for true, honey, it’s too good for true. Lemme look at you chile, lemme feel o’you. No, you ain’ dead! You’s back agin, ’live en soun’, jis de same ole Huck --- de same ole Huck, thanks to goodness!”

（Mark Twain, “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn”, chapter 15）

[原文]（5）任何人的个人享用都不可能达到非要巨额钱财的地步，有巨额钱财者只是保管着钱财，或拥有施舍捐赠的权利，或享有富豪的名声，但钱财于

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他们并无实在的用处。君不见有人为几粒石子或罕见之物开出天价？君不见有人为使巨额财富显得有用而着手某些铺张的工程？不过读者也许会说，钱财可以替人消灾化难，正如所罗门之言：钱财在富人心里就像一座城堡。然此言正好道破天机，那城堡是在心里，而绝非在现实之中；因为不可否认，钱财替人招灾致祸的时候远远多于替人消灾化难的时候。别为炫耀而追求财富，只挣你取之有道、用之有度、施之有乐且遗之有慰的钱财。但也别像修道士那样不食人间烟火，对金钱全然不屑一顾。只是挣钱要分清有道无道，就像西塞罗当年替波斯图穆斯辩护时所说：他追求财富增加显然不是为满足其贪婪之心，而是为了得到行善的资力。还应听从所罗门的教诲，别急欲发财，“急欲发财者将失去其清白”。(曹明伦译)

【译文】（5）The personal fruition in any man cannot reach to feel great riches: there is a custody of them, or a power of dole and donative of them, or a fame of them, but no solid use to the owner. Do you not see what feigned prices are set upon little stones and rarities? And what works of ostentation are undertaken, because there might seem to be some use of great riches? But then you will say, they may be of use to buy men out of dangers or troubles; as Solomon saith: Riches are as a stronghold in the imagination of the rich man. But this is excellently expressed, that it is in imagination, and not always in fact; for, certainly, great riches have sold more men than they have bought out. Seek not proud riches, but such as thou mayest get justly, use soberly, distribute cheerfully, and leave contentedly. Yet have no abstract nor friarly contempt of them, but distinguish, as Cicero saith well of Rabirius Posthumus: In seeking to increase his fortune it was apparent that he sought not the gratification of avarice, but the means of doing good. Hearken also to Solomon, and beware of hasty gathering of riches: He who maketh haste to be rich shall not be innocent. (Francis Bacon: Of Riches )

[原文]（6）“国内环境是疲软的, D - L - J 公司的曼逊说:“假如持续下去,马特尔玩具商店的销售最终会陷入窘境。 但是它应有能力度过难关。这家商店对付风险的最佳稳定因素在于它的欧洲消费者。”

【译文】（6）“The domestic environment is soft”, notes Manson of Donaldson,

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Lufkin&Jennette1，“If it stays that way ,Mattel’ s sales will eventually succumb1e； but it should be able to weather the storm. The firm’s best ballast against rough seas lies with European consumers.”

[原文]（7）一副腰子在柳叶花纹的盘子上渗出黏糊糊的血: 这是最后的一副了。他朝柜台走去，排在邻居的女仆后面。她念着手里那片纸上的项目。也买腰子吗? 她的手都皱了。是洗东西时使碱使得吧。要一磅半丹尼腊肠。他的视线落在她那结实的臀部上。她的主人姓伍兹。也不晓得他都干了些什么名堂。他老婆已经上岁数了。这是青春的血液。可不许跟在后面。[萧乾和文洁若译] 【译文】（7）A kidney oozed blood gouts on the willow patterned dish : the last． He stood by the next door girl at the counter．Would she buy it too，calling the items from a slip in her hand． Chapped: washing soda． And a pound and a half of Denny’s sausages． His eyes rested on her vigorous hips． Woods his name is． Wonder what he does． Wife is oldish．New blood． No followers allowed．

[原文]彼得:这个吗?我休息的时候不想被别人干扰,在那方面我很敏感,不想被别人偷看。你看这耶利哥城墙,比不上约书亚用号角吹倒的墙厚,却比它安全多了。你看,我没有号角,为了表示我的公正无私,我把我那套最好的睡衣交给你用吧。你不想做以色列人吗?

【译文】（8）Peter: Oh, this? Well, I like privacy when I retire. Yes, I’m very delicate in that respect. Prying eyeeees annoy me. Behold the walls of Jerichho! Err, maybe not aaas thick aas the ones that Joshua blew down with his trumpet. I just show you my heart’s in the right place, I’ll give you my best pair of pajamas. Do you mind joining the Israelites?

二、英译汉 （一）原文

Passage One The Treatment of Waste Water

1. An American researcher has successfully tested a way to clean waste water without chemicals. The technique uses green plants. Researcher William Jewell is an agricultural engineer at Cornell University in New York State. He calls his cleaning

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method the nutrient film technique. He says it is simple. It is based on fact that waste water is an excellent plant food.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency is supporting Professor Jewell’s experiments. The tests were carried out at an existing waste water treatment center in the northeastern state of New Hampshire. The scientists put plants in narrow containers inside a glass building. One end of each container was down the containers through the plants’ thick roots. As expected, the roots trapped the wastes in the water and used them for food. At the same time, the plants produced natural gas. The gas could be collected and sold as fuel.

Professor Jewell says his nutrient film technique is more effective than most chemical systems. He also says it can produce clean water for about half the cost. And he says the technique can be used in treatment centers fueled by the sun. Four places in Florida already are using green plants to clean their waste water.

Passage Two Yang Zhenning

Chen Ning Yang, one of the first two scientists of Chinese origin to win the Nobel Prize in physics in 1957, is himself the best proof that Chinese are as good as others.

Yang was born on September 22, 1922, in Hofei, Anhwei, China. He was brought up in the peaceful and academically inclined atmosphere of the campus of Tsinghua University, where his father was a Professor of Mathematics. He received his college education at the National Southwest Associated University in Kunming, and completed his B. Sc. Degree there in 1942. His M.Sc. degree was received in 1944 from Tsinghua University, which had moved to Kunming during the Sino-Japanese War. He entered the University of Chicago on a Tsinghua University Fellowship in January 1946. At Chicago he came under the strong influence of Professor E. Fermi. After receiving his Ph. D. degree in 1948, Yang served for a year at the University of Chicago as an Instructor. He has been associated with the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, since 1949, where he became a Professor in 1955.

Dr. Yang is a quiet, modest, and affable physicist. He is a hard worker allowing

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himself very little leisure time.

Yang has worked on various subjects in physics, but has his chief interest in two fields: statistical mechanics and symmetry principles. Yang shared the Nobel Prize for Physics with Tsung Dao Lee in 1957. Yang and Tsung Dao Lee made a fundamental theoretical breakthrough of non-conservation of parity. Because of their work, all science theories based on parity had to be reexamined. They were the first scientists of Chinese birth to win a Nobel Prize.

Yang is a prolific author, his numerous articles appearing in the Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, The Physical Review, Reviews of Modern Physics, and etc.

（选自新东方英语2003年7月 总第3期）

Passage Three Gettysburg Address

Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now, we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us---that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under

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God, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

Abraham Lincoln

Passage Four China in the World Economy

What is China’s expanding role in this?

China’s vast size and resources, her extraordinary economic progress over recent years, have made her an increasingly important player in the modern international economy. Because of this, because of Britain’s own huge stage in the world economy, we need to take a real interest in China.

Since economic reform began in 1978, an average growth rate of almost 10% a year has seen China’s GNP nearly quadruple. The rewards for the people of China are clear, most visibly in the dynamism and prosperity of Peking and the coastal cities. For the international community the most striking consequence of these changes is that China has grown to be the world’s eleventh largest economy, and is set to grow further.

China’s rapid emergence as a major world actor is a tribute to the drive and entrepreneurial spirit of her people, and more particularly to the fundamental economic reforms she has pursed over the past two decades. It is a clear testimony to the success of the open door policy led by Mr. Deng Xiaoping. I warmly welcome those reforms and that success.

I would draw a further conclusion, which I believe is central to assessing China’s further place in the world economy.

In my view China’s growing international engagement has been vital to her progress. The key to sustaining and building on early economic success was China’s move into world markets.

（选自 李正中 《国际经贸英汉翻译》之附录）

Passage Five Tips for Getting Promoted

A Chief Executive officer is not necessarily someone who has had a lot of

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formal training. So, I doubt more schooling would help you climb up that ladder of success.

Maybe you should try and change your work habits or character. You cannot just sit around in an organization waiting for people to promote you. You have to let People know you are ambitious and waiting for bigger and more rewarding challenges. You should tell your supervisor or boss that you want t be promoted and rise up that management ladder. A good manager will accept, even respect the fact that you wish for career development. If this is not the case, you should find a new job or new company that will allow you to grow.

You must start out small. Hoping that one day you will suddenly become director of a company is doubtful. Getting ready for a slow ascent is more likely. Accept it, and commit yourself, realizing that it may be a long climb.

You will need some skills to propel you up that ladder of success. You must be competent, that is you need to develop skills in many areas, such as marketing, human resources, public relations and finances.

You must also be a good people person, always cultivating relationships with the people around you. Having guanxi is a necessary characteristic of any successful CEO.

(选自21st Century Oct. 25, 2001)

Passage Six Wedlock: As Vulnerable as a Porcelain Bowl

What a present-day married couple lacks is not love at wedding period, but mutual tolerance and admiration in the coming years.

An accident occurs this way. While the wife is washing bowls and dishes, one porcelain bowl slips from her hand and breaks.

“What’s wrong with you? Is a bowl so hard to hold?” remarks the husband. “What worth is it to merit your regret?” retorts the wife who feels wringed. “My finger cut by the broken piece is no concern of yours!”

“Brook not a word of blame for your own mistake,” says the irritated husband,

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“how unreasonable you are!”

“A word of blame! Am I your housemaid? By what are you justified to blame me? Why not you, same as me with two hands, wash bowls and dishes?” the wife has been goaded into an angry reply.

“You simply irrational!” shouts the husband, thumping the table indignantly. “You are so savage and absurd!”

“I am born savage and absurd! What can you do about it?” says the woman defiantly, with arms akimbo. “Do you think you didn’t get married with your eyes open wider? And now regret for it? Think of your old sweetie again...”

Before she can finish it, a slap has landed on her face.

“You beast! Strike me like that!” The woman covers her cheek and threatens. “No getting along with you. Divorce!”

“As you like. Divorce is no threat to me.”

The next day they got divorced, and the home went to pieces, just like a porcelain bowl—an accidental slip would break it.

How many couples’ wedlock is thus brought to an abrupt end! It often results from such indiscretion and impulsiveness that are regarded by today’s young people as modern and stylish. Home is no more than a porcelain bowl, which gives its owners something to fall back on. Simple food though the bowl contain, it is adequate to nourish one throughout one’s life. This porcelain bowl, therefore, needs cherishing. It is so vulnerable that once broken it can hardly be pieced together by painstaking efforts. Even if we are able to save a separate situation with utmost and abnormal efforts, the glued cracks will still be there as an everlasting reminder of the unpleasant past.

（选自 科技英语学习 2001年第10期）

Passage Seven Space and Warfare

A typical scene from the conflict in Afghanistan, where for the first time space—specifically, more than one hundred orbiting military satellites—has been a centerpiece of the war machine: A soldier on the ground spots a Taliban target. With a

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lightweight, handheld Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver known as a “plugger”, he uses the constellation of GPS satellites to calculate the longitude and latitude and the latitude of his mark and phones in the coordinated, via satellite, to an air base in Florida.

But there were regrettable incidents as well. In December, after an Air Force spotter calculated the position of a Taliban target with his plugger, the device’s battery went dead. The spotter changed the battery and relayed the GPS coordinates to a B-52 approaching the target. What the spotter didn’t realize was that his plugger was programmed to display the coordinates of its own location upon rebooting. A 2,000 pound JDAM bomb landed with devastating precision, killing three Special Forces soldiers and five Afghan allies.

(选自English Digest 2002, 11)

Passage Eight Beautiful Australia

Australia warmly welcomes visitors from all over the world.

Australia is a land of exceptional beauty. It is the world's smallest continent and largest island, and a relatively young nation established in an ancient land. A series of geological and historical accidents has made Australia one of the world's most attractive counties from the tourist's viewpoint. This country has a land area of 7,686,850 square kilometers and its coastline is 36,735 kilometers.

The vast movements of the earth's crust created a vast land of Australia, isolated it and positioned it across the tropical and temperate climatic zones. This land has a small population, which left enormous areas unspoiled. Here you witness an astonishing variety of environments, from desert to rain forest, from tropical beach to white snowfield, from big, sophisticated cities to vast uninhabited areas. The tourist will admire its wide array of unique and intriguing fauna and flora, a comfortable and sunny climate, and an interesting, cosmopolitan and friendly people.

Passage Nine About Poet

Poetry speaks for itself. But poets, curiously enough, do not; and so it is time that

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some speak for them and say what they would say if they spoke in prose. It is time that they be defended against the silent charge – all the more damning because it is so silent—that they are a special race of men and women, different from all other creatures of their kind and possessed of faculties which would make them, if we know them, only too wonderful to live with, not to say too embarrassing. I should like to relieve them from the burden of being queer. Poets are supposed to be a suffering race, but the only thing they suffer from is the misapprehension that they are endowed with a peculiar set of thoughts and feelings—particularly feelings—and that these endowments are of the romantic sort. It consists, to speak for the moment historically, in the notion that the poet has always and must always cut the same figure he has cut during the past hundred years or so. It consists in expecting him to be a Shelly, a Keats, a Byron, a Poe, a Verlaine, a Swinburne, a Dowson. He may be another one of those, to be sure; but he also may be any kind of person under the sun. My only conception of the poet is that he is a person who writes poetry. That may sound absurdly simple, but it is arrived at after reflection upon the innumerable kinds of poetry which poets have written, and upon the baffling variety of temperaments which these poets have revealed.

(What is a Poet? by Mark Van Doren)

Passage Ten France and French People

One thing that the French do well – probably because it’s instinctive and they don’t need to think about it—is live. The essence of French savior-vivre is simplicity. Everyday things count: eating, drinking, talking, dressing, and shopping. Get in the mood: Daily rituals are meant to be enjoyed. Food is the best example. The French don’t like rushing their meals. They plan them in advance, painstakingly prepare them, look forward to them over an aperitif, admire the loving presentation of each dish, savor each mouthful. The pace is unhurried and the wine flows steadily.

Make the most of the simple pleasure to be had from basking in the sunshine outside a café. Admire the casual elegance of the passerby or the old men in their time-honored berets. Even the most mundane things can become objects of beauty in

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French eyes. The daily market is a festival of colors and textures, with fruit and vegetable stalls artistically and imaginatively composed. Shop windows are works of art.

Most French towns and villages are quietly attractive and historic. The ornate mairie (town hall) has been there since the Revolution, and the church or cathedral since the Middle Ages. The main streets tend to be lined with sturdy trees planted before living memory. The 20th century is kept firmly at bay. Modern buildings – such as supermarkets – are banished to the outskirts or obliged to fit in with the architecture of the town center.

(节选自 English Digest, 2002, 9 )

（二）译文

语篇翻译练习参

第一篇 废水处理

一位美国研究员已成功地试验出一种不用化学品净化废水的方法。这种技术采用绿色植物。研究员威廉﹒贾维尔是纽约科内尔大学的一名农业工程师。他把自己的净化方法称为“滋养膜法”。他说，这种方法相当简单，其原理是废水是植物的极好肥料。

美国环境保护署正在支持贾维尔教授的试验。该试验是在东北部的新罕布什尔州的一座现存废水处理中心进行的。科学家们把植物放进玻璃暖房中的狭窄容器中。每个容器的一端都比另一端高出一些。废水流过这些容器，穿过植物厚密的根须。正如预期的一样，根须抓住水中的废物，用作肥料。同时，这些植物还产生天然气。这种气体可以收集起来，作为燃料出售。

贾维尔教授说，他的滋养膜法比大多数化学方法更有效。他还说，这种方法能以大约一半的成本生产出清水。这种技术可以用于以太阳能为燃料的废水处理中心。佛罗里达州已有四个地方在利用绿色植物来净化废水。

（陈新 英汉文体翻译教程 北京大学出版社）

第二篇 杨振宁

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作为第一位获得诺贝尔物理学奖的华裔科学家之一，杨振宁自己成功地证明了：中国人与别人一样优出色。

1922年9月22日杨振宁出生在安徽合肥。其父亲在清华任数学教授，杨振宁就是在安静、学术氛围浓厚的清华校园长大。1938年，杨振宁在昆明就读于日本侵华战争中成立的西南联大，于1942年毕业并取得理科学士学位。1944年，他在同样因战乱而迁入昆明的清华大学取得理科硕士学位。1946年1月，杨振宁最为清华大学资助留学生来到芝加哥大学学习。期间，E. 费密教授对杨振宁的科研方向长生了重要影响。1948年，杨振宁在芝加哥大学获得物理博士学位，并留校任讲师一年。从1949年开始， 他在普林斯顿高等学术研究所长期工作，并于1955年在那里取得教授头衔。

杨振宁博士性情稳重、虚怀若谷、待人和蔼；工作孜孜不倦，少有闲暇。 杨振宁的研究涉及物理学的多个领域，但他统计力学和对称理论这两个领域最敢兴趣。1957年，杨振宁与李振道共同获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。他们在“守称不守恒”方面取得了重大理论突破，并使过于所有基于这一定律的理论都要重新进行验证。他们是第一对获得诺贝尔奖的华裔科学家。

杨振宁是一位多产作者。他在《全美数学学会会刊》、《物理评论》以及《现代物理评论》等刊物上发表了大量文章。

第三篇 葛底斯堡演说

87年前，我们的先辈们在这个上创立了一个新国家，它孕育于自由之中，并且信仰所有人类生下来都是平等的这一理论。

现在我们正进行着一场伟大的内战，以考验这个国家，或者任何一个孕育于自由并行上述原则的国家是否能够长久地存在下去。现在，我们在这场战争中的一个伟大战场上集会。烈士们为使这个国家能够生存下去而献出了自己的生命，我们来到这里，是要把这个战场的一部分奉献给他们作为最后安息之所。我们这样做是完全应该而且是非常恰当的。

但是，从更广泛的意义上来说，我们不能够奉献、不能够圣化、不能够神化这块土地。那些曾在这里战斗过的勇士们，无论活着的还是牺牲的，已经把这块土地圣化了，这远不是我们微薄的力量所能左右的。我们今天在这里所说的话，

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全世界不会注意，更不会长久地记住，但勇士们在这里所做过的事，全世界却永远不会忘记。倒是我们这些还活着的人，应该在这里献身于仍然留在我们面前的伟大任务，以使我们从这些光荣的死者身上汲取更多的献身精神，来完成他们为之彻底献身的事业；以使我们要在这里下定最大的决心，不让这些死者白白牺牲；我们要使国家在上帝福佑下得到自由的新生，要使这个民有、民治、民享的永世长存。

亚伯拉罕﹒林肯

第四篇 世界经济中的中国

在世界经济中，中国将在哪些方面发挥日益重要的作用呢？

中国地大物博，今年来经济迅猛发展，这使得中国在现代国际经济中成为一支越来越重要的力量。中国在现代国际经济中的地位以及我国在世界经济中的巨大利益使得我们需要密切关注中国。

自1978年经济改革以来，中国经济以年均近10%的速度增长，使其国民生产总值几乎翻了两番。中国惹您获得的实惠有目共睹。北京和沿海城市的繁荣和盎然生机便是最明显的见证。

对国际社会来说，这些变化带来的最引人注目的结果是中国已跃居成为世界第十一个经济大国，而且今后定会更强。

中国迅速崛起，成为世界上发挥重要作用的国家，这应归功于中国人民的努力和进取精神，尤其是过去20年里中国所进行的根本性的经济改革。这无疑证明了先生倡导的开放市是成功的。

我对这些改革及其成功表示热烈欢迎。

我还有一个想法，我认为我的这一想法对于任何估价中国今后在世界经济中的地位是至关重要的。我认为，中国日益扩大的国际接触对其进步一直视至关重要的。中国能够在已取得的经济成功的基础上进一步发展，关键是它进入了世界市场。

第五篇 晋升首席执官的秘诀

公司的首席执行官未必都是经过很多正规培训的人。因此，我认为接受更多

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的学校教育不一定就能使你攀登成功的阶梯。

或许，你应该尝试改变自己的工作习惯或性格。不能只是坐在单位里等着别人来提拔你。必须让人们知道你胸怀大志，正在等待更大的、更有回报的挑战。应该让你的上司或老板知道你想得到晋升，跻身管理层。一位好经理将会接受，甚至尊重你追求事业发展的愿望。如果情况不是这样，那么你就应该另谋高就，找到一个有晋升空间的工作。

你必须从小做起。幻想着某一天突然当上公司的领导是不现实的。做好准备慢慢晋升，才是更可行的。接受现实，全力以赴，要意识到这可能是一个漫长的攀登。

你需要掌握一些攀登成功阶梯的技能。必须有能力，也就是说，你必须具备诸如市场营销、人力资源管理、公关以及财务等各方面的技能。

你也必须要有好人缘，与周围的人融洽地相处，好的“关系”是每一位成功的首席执行官必备的要素。

第六篇 “家”是一只瓷碗

现代的“家”并不是缺乏爱情，而是缺乏包容和珍惜。

妻子洗碗时失手打碎了一只碗，丈夫说一句：“怎么搞的，一只碗都拿不牢。”妻子不服气，顶一句：“一只碗值几毛钱，也值得你心疼半天，怎么不心疼我割破了手？”丈夫一听来气了：“你这人怎么这样无理，做错了事说你一句都不成。”妻子便一蹦老高：“我又不是你家的保姆，凭什么要让你说，你也有手有脚，你怎么不洗碗？”丈夫一拍桌子：“你这人简直不可理喻，胡搅蛮缠。”女的一叉腰：“我就这么蛮，你怎么着？当初怎么不把眼睛睁大点！怎么啦，后悔啦，又想起先前的小情人了吧……”话音未落，男的一扬手，“呼”的一巴掌甩过去。女的捂着脸：“你这个畜生，你竟敢打我，老娘不跟你过了。我要离婚！”“离就离，吓唬谁呢？”

第二天，真离了。就这么简单。一个家庭的毁灭，就如一只瓷碗，只是不经意地一摔，便碎了。

许多家庭的毁灭，往往就是缘于这种貌似潇洒貌似现代的轻率和冲动。家是一只瓷碗，拥有这只碗的人便有了生存的“凭据”。这碗里虽然只是粗茶淡饭，但

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也足以营养人之一生，因而这只瓷碗就值得人们好生爱惜。瓷碗易碎，毁之极易，成之艰难，即使我们有回天之术，可以将破碎的瓷碗重新粘合，但那一定是一件呕心沥血、异常艰难的苦差事。并且粘合之后，那曾经破碎的痕迹也许就是永远也不能消弭的疤痕。

第七篇 太空与战事

在对阿富汗的战争中，太空（尤其是100多颗军事卫星）首次成了战争机器的中心部件。这场战争的一幕典型场景是：地面上一名士兵发现一个目标。通过一个重量很轻的便携式全球定位系统（GPS）接收器，通常被士兵们称为 “塞子”，他可以利用GPS卫星计算出目标的经度和纬度，并拨打卫星电话把坐标直接传送到佛罗里达的空军基地。

但也发生过令人遗憾的事件。去年12月，一个空军侦察员用他的接收器“塞子”算出了一个目标的位置，但随后该装置电池没电了。侦察员更换了电池，并重新向正在飞近的B-52轰炸机传送GPS坐标。他没有意识到的是，接收器的设置重启后显示的是自身所在位置的坐标。于是一枚2000磅的联合制导攻击极其准确地投下来，炸死了3名特种士兵和5名阿富汗同盟队员。

第八篇 美丽的澳利亚

澳大利亚热烈欢迎来自世界各地的游客。

澳大利亚是一个异常美丽的国家。这是世界上最小的洲，也是最大的岛，是在古老的土地上建立起来的较为年轻的国家。地质史上，这块土地的地貌形态发生了一系列变化，澳大利亚在旅游者眼中成了世界上最吸引人的国家之一。这个国家的陆地面积为7 686 850平方公里，海岸线长达36 735公里。

地壳的剧烈运动使澳大利亚成了幅员辽阔、与分离、地处温热带地区的国家。由于澳大利亚人口稀少，大片土地仍属于未开发的处女地。游客在澳大利亚可以观赏到各种各样的地形风貌，从沙漠到热带雨林，从地处热带的海滩到白雪皑皑的田野，从扑朔迷离的大都市到人迹罕至的旷野，景观各异，令人叹为观止。游客无不为澳大利亚境内的各种珍禽异兽和奇花异草所折服。这里有充足的阳光和宜人的气候，澳洲人富有情趣，和蔼友善，他们对待游客颇有四海一家的

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胸襟，令前来观光的游客赞不绝口。

第九篇 关于诗人

诗歌不言自明。但非常奇怪的是，诗人并非如此。因此，到了该由别人出来为他们说话的时候了，讲出他们在使用散文体时会说的话。也该是维护他们免遭那种无声责备的时候了。正因为这种责备是无声的，因为更令人无法辩解。大家责怪他们是一类特别的男女人物，不同于人类中的其他人，才华横溢。即使认识他们，这种才华也会让人感到太不可思议，简直可以说令人感冒局促不安，从而使我们无法与他们在一起生活。我愿意帮助他们摆脱这种令人感到不舒服的负担。诗人被看成是一种受苦受难的人---尤其是感情。这种天赋是一种浪漫式的天赋。现在，先从历史上来看，这种误解就在于认为诗人总是或者必须总是几百年来的形象。大家都期待他是一个雪莱、济慈、拜伦、波、魏尔伦、斯文伯恩、道森。当然，也许他是这样的一个诗人，但同时也会是世上的任何一种人。我对诗人的唯一看法就是他是一个写诗的人。这听上去简单得荒唐可笑。但这个结论是研究了诗人所写的不计其数的诗之后，思考了诗人所显露出的令人困惑不解的各种气质之后才得出的。

第十篇 法国与法国人

法国人特别擅长于一件事--- 可能是处于天性吧，他们无需刻意思考--- 就是如何生活。法国人的处世之道的实质就是淳朴。每天要考虑的事情是：大餐、美酒、聊天、穿着、逛街。感受情调：每天的“例行事务”是意味着尽情享受。美食就是一个最好的例子，法国人不喜欢匆匆忙忙地吃饭。他们总是提前计划，并精心准备，享用美味之前还要喝餐前的开胃酒，再细细考究每道佳肴的韵味，津津有味地品尝。餐桌上是悠闲的，伴随着美酒缓缓入喉。

在小酒店外晒着太阳用餐，他们能从简单中品味出其中最大的乐趣。欣赏着过马路者非刻意梳妆的优雅或者是戴着传统的贝雷帽的老人都是别有一番风味的。即使是最平凡的事物，在法国人的眼中也是美丽的。日常的集市是色彩与神韵的盛会，摊上水果、蔬菜的摆放非常有艺术性与想象力。商场的橱窗设计简直就是艺术品。

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法国大部分的城镇与乡村历史悠久，极具吸引力。在那儿可以看到大时期修建起来的装饰华丽的议政大厅，中世纪时修建的教堂。主要街道两旁成排粗壮大树已有上百年的历史。20世纪的风貌被完好地保留下来。如超级市场这样的现代建筑会被迁到郊区或是要求与市中心的建筑保持一致的风格。

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