精做05 阅读理解七选五
一、《考试大纲》对阅读理解的主要要求
1. 掌握所读文章的主旨和大意以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节； 2. 既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念；
3. 既理解字面意思，也理解根据字面意思可以推断出来的没有明确说出的深沉含义，包括作者的态度、意图等；
4. 既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断； 5. 既能根据文章所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生自己应有的常识去理解。 二、考试大纲对阅读理解七选五的要求
试卷中题干表述如下：根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
阅读理解七选五，即给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。该类题型要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式深受阅读多项选择题的影响，体现了《新课标》“用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。”的阅读学习和教学理念。七选五和传统题型完型填空有些类似，虽然完型填空题考查的是词汇层面，七选五考查的是句子层面，但是它们的考查方式是一样的，只要考生选择的答案能够使行文连贯，符合英文的语法以及习惯表达就行，因此，这两类题型在做题方法上有共同之处。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。
从《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”可以得出以下判断：该题备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。
三、阅读理解七选五题型的特点
1. 符合《英语课程标准》中“提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力”的
要求和《2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 说明》中“如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。”的要求。如果说通常意义上的高考英语完形填空题是词法和句法范围内的考查，它是语言表达的基本单位，属于语言的组织规律，那么阅读填空题就是章法范围内的考查，是语言使用的范畴，属于言语的组织规律，简单地说，前者侧重语言的结构—语法，而后者侧重语言的使用—章法。
2. 注重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。阅读本质就是一种理解、吸收、鉴赏、评价文章的思维过程，新题型不但要求考生具备词汇、句子、语段、语篇等方面的知识，而且要有辨证、综合、分析、归纳方面的逻辑思维能力，是阅读的深层理解，也是阅读的核心和关键。
3. 题材新颖，具有浓厚的时代气息和较高的真实性，与学生的学习经历和生活经历相适应，与新课程理念下的高考改革走向相适应，与高中英语教学实际相适应，遵循了《英语课程标准》的评价理念，保证了试题的效度、信度、真实性和公平性原则。
附：近年新课标全国卷高考七选五实况分析： 年份 2018年 卷别 新课标卷I 新课标卷II 新课标卷III 2017年 全国卷I 体裁 说明文 说明文 说明文 夹叙夹议文 题材 社会生活 社会生活 社会生活 社会生活 话题 室内设计中颜色的选择问题 早晨锻炼对人体的四条好处 跳舞的好处 作者爱上了露营，建议读者找到适合自己的回归自然的方式 全国卷II 全国卷III 说明文 说明文 社会生活 社会生活 几点避免工作时被打扰的建议 如何帮助人们制订一个计划去调节生物钟，确保起床不再是一件令人头疼的事 2016年 全国卷I 全国卷II 全国卷III 2015年 全国卷I 全国卷II
说明文 说明文 说明文 说明文 说明文 文化科技 社会生活 社会生活 人际关系 社会生活 密码的设置方法和破解的方法 自己建设花园的具体建议 买鱼和烧鱼的常识 重新建立人际关系中的信任 马拉松的准备工作
Passage1（2018·新课标卷I）
体裁 说明文 话题 室内设计中颜色的选择问题 词数 259 难度 ★★★☆☆ 建议时间 7分钟 Color is fundamental in home design – something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
38 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. 39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 . A. While all of them are useful B. Whatever you’re looking for C. If you’re experimenting with a color
D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
Passage2（2018·新课标卷II）
体裁 话题 词数 难度 建议时间 说明文 早晨锻炼对人体的四条好处 223 ★★★☆☆ 7分钟 If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. ___36___ Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.___37___ Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. ___38___ If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
___39___ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
___40___ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.
There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.
A. You will stick to your diet. B. Your quality of sleep improves. C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning. E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise. F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!
Passage3（2018·新课标卷III）
体裁 说明文 话题 跳舞的好处 词数 189 难度 ★★★☆☆ 建议时间 5分钟 Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow ,life and death, and everything else in between.
___36___We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays , office parties and just to fill the time.
“I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can't imagine doing anything else
with my life.\" Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. \"Teaching dance is wonderful. ____37____It's great to watch them. For many of them, it's a way of meeting people and having a social life.\"
___38___\"I can tell you about one young couple,\" says Bridges. “They're learning to do traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. _____39_____”
So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says,“Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better.____40____ I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me I'm alive.\"
A. So why do we dance?
B. Dance in the U.S.is everywhere.
C. If you like dancing outdoors, come to America. D. My older students say it makes them feel young. E. I keep practicing even When I'm extremely tired. F. Dancing seems to change their feeling completely. G. They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.
Passage 4（2017·新课标卷I）
体裁 说明文 话题 露营的经历 词数 225 难度 ★★★☆☆ 建议时间 7分钟 If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 36
The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 37 We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning.
I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 38 Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.
39 We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.
40 It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style. A. This time there was no tent. B. Things are going to be improved. C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.
D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however. E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping. G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.
Passage 5（2017·新课标卷II）
体裁 说明文 话题 避免工作被打断几点建议 词数 196 难度 ★★★☆☆ 建议时间 6分钟 Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done. 36 ,there are several ways to handle things. Let’s take a look at them now.
37 .Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.
When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll find them then. 38 .It can help to eliminate(消除) future interruptions.
When you need to someone, don’t do it in your own office. 39 , it’s much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are
If you have a door to your office, make good use of it. 40 . If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter. Excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint(暗示) than when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed.
A. If you’re busy, don’t feel bad about saying no B. When you want to avoid interruptions at work C. Set boundaries for yourself as your time goes D. If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area E. It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available F. It might seem unkind to cut people shirt when they interrupt you G.Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not
Passage1(2018届安徽省江淮十校高三第二次联考)
体裁 说明文 话题 《简·爱》的女主人公简·爱 词数 191 难度 ★★★☆☆ 建议时间 7分钟 “Jane Eyre” was published in 1847. It is not just a romance novel, but an educational story. Women can learn so much from this great Victorian heroine. This is not to suggest that Jane didn’t have shortcomings. 1 You can overcome your past, however bad it is. Jane Eyre is made miserable as a child by her horrible relatives. 2 He constantly reminds her that she’s an orphan(孤儿). But she learns a lot about letting go when she is sent to a boarding school and makes friends with Helen.
3 Jane notes, “The world was a varied field of hopes and excitement waiting for those who had the courage to go forth.” If Jane hadn’t been brave, she might have returned to the cruel woman who raised her.
Don’t be afraid to speak your mind. She is not scared to voice her opinions when necessary. It is much better to talk about things than to hide unspoken anger. 4 Be positive. When Jane was younger, she had a tendency to feel sorry for herself. 5 But as she gets older, she learns to be happy despite her past.
A. You can decide your life.
B. The possibilities for life are endless for those who take risks. C. Talking also helps heal relationships as well. D. Her cousin, John, is the worst.
E. It is weak and silly to say you can’t bear what it is your fate to be required to bear. F. Still, there’s much to be learned from the way she chooses to live. G. Her life was miserable.
Passage2(2018届河北省衡水中学高三上学期四模)
体裁 说明文 话题 表达不同意的方法 词数 261 难度 ★★★☆☆ 建议时间 7分钟 Ways to Respectfully Disagree
It’s easier to agree than disagree. 1 Unfortunately, many of us either shy away completely from disagreements or lose it when things don’t go our way. These tips can help keep disagreements constructive.
Use “I’ to communicate how you feel, what you think and what you want or need. 2 For example, telling your parents “You always remind me about my housework when you know I have much homework” has a very different tone from “I’m feeling pressured because I have a lot of homework tonight. Can I do those chores tomorrow?”
Listen to the other’s opinion. 3 That makes it more likely that he or she will do the same for you. When the other person is talking, try to stop yourself from thinking about why you disagree or what you’ll say next.
4 This is the important thing you can do to keep a conversation on track. Of course, it’s a huge challenge to stay calm when you feel angry about something, especially if their person you’re talking to gets heated.
5 If you’ve ever been on the receiving end of someone’s put-downs (贬损的话), you know how valuable using respectful language and behavior can be. So instead of saying what you might be thinking (That’s a stupid idea!), try saying “I don’t agree, and here is why.”
Respect goes beyond difficult conversations, of course. Being helpful and considerate towards family members, teachers or coaches in our everyday actions helps us establish a foundation for those times when we might disagree.
A. Stay calm.
B. Look into the other’s eyes.
C. Using ‘you’ statements can sound aggressive.
D. Avoid putting down the other person’s ideas and beliefs. E. Then you can calmly present your case and why you disagree. F. Being a good listener shows that you respect the other person. G. But we can learn a lot from conversations where we don’t agree.
Passage3（2017届河南豫南九校高三下期质量考评）
体裁 说明文 话题 跟室友相处应该注意的几件事 词数 261 难度 ★★★☆☆ 建议时间 7分钟 You may have grown up living with sisters and brothers, or this may be your first time sharing your living space with someone else. 1 . However, it can also be a great part of your college experience. Follow these tips to make sure you and your roommate keep things pleasant and supportive throughout the year.
Be clear from the beginning.
Maybe you hate it when someone interrupts you when you are sleeping every morning. Maybe you need ten
minutes to yourself before talking to anyone after you wake up. 2 .It’s not fair to expect him or her to pick up on them right away, and communicating what you need is one of the best ways to get rid of problems before they become problems.
3 .
This may seem simple, but it’s probably one of the biggest reasons why roommates experience conflicts. Don’t you think he’ll mind if you borrow his shoes for a quick soccer game? For all you know, you just stepped over the line. Don’t borrow, use, or take anything without getting permission first.
Be open to change.
You should expect to learn and grow and change during your time at school. 4 .As the term progresses, realize things will change for both of you. Be comfortable setting things that unexpectedly come up, setting new rules, and being flexible to your changing environment.
Follow the golden rule.
5 No matter what your relationship is at the end of the year, you can take comfort knowing you acted like an adult and treated your roommate with respect.
A. Respect your roommate’s things
B. Let your roommate know about your preferences C. Treat your roommate like you’d like to be treated D. Living with a roommate is really a wonderful thing E. Having a roommate surely has its challenges F. You should correct your bad habits first
G. And the same should happen to your roommate, if all goes well
Passage4（2017届重庆市第八中学高三适应性考试）
体裁 说明文 话题 积极的生活态度 词数 292 难度 ★★★☆☆ 建议时间 7分钟 We’ve all heard about the power of our attitude, and it’s our attitude that determines how much we succeed in life.
All the things that you have been through, all the people you have met and interacted with can have an impact on your attitude. If you think that all these factors have molded you into a person with a poor attitude towards life, there is no need to worry. 1 . Identify and understand what you want to change.
The first step towards change is clearly understanding what needs to be changed. 2 .When it comes to changing your attitude, you need to do an honest and in-depth self-evaluation so you could point out exactly which of your traits need to be improved or totally changed.
3 . Find someone who has the kind of attitude that you want to have, and let his or her life give you inspiration and encouragement to move beyond your temporary failures in your journey towards becoming a better person.
Choose the right company.
As they say, ＂Bad company corrupts good character.＂ You don’t expect yourself to be able to change if you go on surrounding yourself with people who possess all the negative traits that you want to change. Consider befriending new people, especially those who are optimistic and have a healthy attitude towards life. 4 . Believe that you are able to change.
5 .If you don’t believe in yourself or believe that you or your life can change, it just won’t happen—you will either never start, or give up quickly that you won’t have even given yourself the opportunity to succeed.
A. Look for a role model.
B. There is always an opportunity for change.
C. Setting clear goals is the key to success in any endeavor. D. Think about how your attitude change will affect your life. E. The greatest obstacle is our inability to trust in what we can do. F. Your effort to change will be easier with these people as friends.
G. Fix your mind on the things that would come as a result of your attitude change.
Passage1(陕西省西安市2017届高三下学期模拟)
体裁 说明文 话题 如何制定计划 词数 253 难度 ★★★☆☆ 建议时间 7分钟 How to Make Plans
Most people get scared when talking about planning or writing plans. 1 And you need to plan for success as planning really works and inspires you to go straight ahead. However, how to create effective plans is still a problem. Don’t worry, and just follow the steps below. Step 1 2 What plans have you had in the past? Probably, in some of your plans, you haven’t ended up where you thought you were going to end up. Get a good understanding of what you have done and what you haven’t done in the past. It is a primary foundation for your new plan. If having no plan, just take actions and make plans right now. Step 2 Think about the What - Ifs
When you are building your plans, you should consider where you are going and make clear the What -Ifs. Because not everything just goes smoothly as you believe. 3 Step 3 Document the plans
When starting to make plans, you should try to write them down. It is of key importance for the future. 4 In addition, make sure you have the plans fully written out with all the key elements concerned, including details. Step 4 Update the plans
According to your written plans and actual situation, you should check out the plans you have completed and haven’t completed. 5 Make sure all the assumptions are there and work out the details. After hanging on for some days, planning will be getting simpler and easier.
A. Review historical plans B. Make new plans immediately
C. Actually, people are more likely to succeed in a planned way D. And you need to continue what you haven’t done and update it E. Not all people can memorize every word they said and thought well
F. And what you should do next is to check your plans monthly or quarterly
G. For your benefits, you need to make Plan A and Plan B in case of changes and contingencies(偶发事件).
Passage2(2017届河北衡水中学高三七调)
体裁 说明文 话题 购买主题公园门票的建议 词数 205 难度 ★★★☆☆ 建议时间 7分钟 Theme park getaways are popular with families, but they surely aren’t cheap. Happily, there are some golden rules of ticket-buying that apply to pretty much every theme park, and they can help you chip away at the cost of tickets. 1
●Buy tickets online.
Never ever pay the walk-up ticket price at a theme park. 2 .You’re guaranteed to save a significant sum-sometimes as much as $$ 20 per ticket-even for same-day tickets.
●Buy in advance.
3 .For instance, Knott’s Berry Farm in Buena Park, California, slices off $$25 per ticket when you make your purchase at least three days ahead.
● 4 . This one is a universal no-brainer. Single-day ticket prices at Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio, are about 30 percent less than admission on Saturdays and Sundays. But the big bonus is that lines will be much shorter, allowing you to spend less time waiting in lines and more time having fun.
●Go in the afternoon.
5 .For example, Hershey park’s sunset tickets allow entry after 4 pm or 5 pm, depending on the day. You’ll still get between four to six hours of fun before the park closes, and you’ll pay up to 50 percent less than the full-day ticket price.
A. Avoid weekends.
B. Buy more tickets than you need.
C. Here are some ways to lower your theme park spending. D. At larger parks, you’ll save money when you buy a package.
E. Instead, visit the theme park website and print out your tickets before you go. F. Some parks offer deeply discounted tickets for visitors arriving later in the day.
G. Most theme parks offer a price cut if you buy tickets at least a few days before you arrive.
Passage 3
体裁 说明文 话题 听吃东西时发出的声音 词数 291 难度 ★★★☆☆ 建议时间 7分钟 Restaurant chefs, home cooks, and foodies — people who love good food — often say that we eat with all of our senses.
First, we use our sense of sight to appreciate how a meal is presented, either on a dinner plate or a dining table. 1 Additionally, with our sense of smell, we breathe in the mouth-watering smell rising up from the meal. Finally, we enjoy the food with our sense of taste.
But does sound also affect our dining experience? A new report from researchers at Brigham Young University said yes. Hearing is often called ＂the forgotten food sense.＂ says Ryan Elder, and assistant professor of marketing at Brigham Young University. 2 On the other hand, watching loud television or listening to loud music while eating can hide such noises. And this could lead to overeating.
During the experiments, the test subjects wore headphones and listened to noise at either a high or low audio level. 3 The study found that subjects who listened to the higher volume noise ate more pretzels than those with the low audio levels.
Elder says that when hiding the sounds of eating, like when you watch television or listen to loud music while eating, we take away the sense of hearing. 4 The researchers are calling this the ＂crunch effect＂, which they admit may not seem like much at one meal. But over a week, a month, or a year, all that food can really add up. So hearing the sound of eating does reduce the amount of food you consume.
5 Hearing the noises of your meal as you eat could also help you to be more mindful of the experience and perhaps help you to enjoy it more.
A. In fact, beautiful food is healthier than food that doesn’t look appealing. B. But besides not overeating, there is another benefit.
C. And this may cause you to eat more than you would normally. D. Then researchers gave them a hard snack: pretzels.
E. Our sense of touch can also be important when preparing or sharing food. F. He notes that soft and sweet sound is thought to enhance the taste of food.
G. He says that if people notice the sound the food makes as they eat it, they might eat less.
Passage 4
体裁 说明文 话题 正确的跑步方法 词数 285 难度 ★★★☆☆ 建议时间 7分钟 4 Key Strategies for Running to Lose Weight
As one of the most active exercises out there, running is an extremely efficient way to burn calories and lose weight. A 150-pound person will burn approximately 100 calories per mile when running. 1 1. Healthy Eating is the First Step
If you want to lose weight by running, keep in mind that you’ll only lose pounds if you burn more calories than you consume. To lose a pound, you have to burn, through exercise or life functions, about 3500 calories. 2 Runners do have special nutrition needs, but the basic principles for healthy eating still apply. Try choosing smaller portions of high-fat and high-calorie foods and eating more whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.
2. Follow a training schedule
Sticking to a training schedule is a simple way to stay motivated to run. 3 So it’s much harder to postpone or skip workouts. Following a schedule can also help you avoid a running injury by not increasing your mileage too quickly. 3. Run regularly
If you don’t want to follow a schedule, you still need to have some consistency with your running because you won’t lose weight by running once a week. It’s best to get some activity every day. 4 If you find that your motivation to run is suffering, follow some necessary tips to get inspired. 4. 5
Incorporating speed work or interval training (running at a very fast speed for short intervals of time) into your running routine can also help your weight loss efforts. Speed work burns a great amount of calories in a short period of time. You’ll also increase your muscle mass, causing you to burn more calories throughout the day.
A. Keep it challenging B. Eat for Performance
C. You’ll know exactly what you need to do every day and each run builds on the next. D. So you’ll need to combine running with a healthy diet.
E. If you’re hoping to use running to lose weight, here’s some advice on how to be successful.
F. Here are ways to improve your running motivation.
G. But if that’s not possible, try to shoot for at least 3-4 times per week.
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