外交学院硕士研究生入学考试专业课样题

外交学院硕士研究生入学考试专业课样题 翻译（中译英及英译中） This test paper consists of two parts, namely, English into Chinese translation and Chinese into English translation.The total hours of work is 3 hours. Directions: Translate the following 2 passages into Chinese; read the whole texts carefully to get a general impression of the contents and give your translations in the sheets locally provided.  To facilitate grading, the texts have been broken into groups of sentences, each group being given a serial number, therefore, when you write your versions, you MUST QUOTE the serial number also, put the number before each version. Please write neatly and intelligibly. The new environmental health problems are multiple-created  by  radiation in all its forms, born of the never-ending stream of chemicals of which pesticides are a part , chemicals now pervading the world in which we live , acting upon us directly and indirectly , separately and collectively . Their presence casts a shadow that is no less ominous because it is formless and obscure ,no less frightening because it is simply impossible to predict the effects of  lifetime exposure to chemical and physical agents that are not part of the biological experience of man. ⑵ “We all live under the haunting fear that something may corrupt the environment to the point where man joins the dinosaurs as an obsolete form of life,” says Dr. David Price of the United States Public Health Service .And what makes these thoughts all the more disturbing is the knowledge that our fate could perhaps be sealed twenty or more years before the development of symptoms. ⑶ Where do pesticides fit into the picture of environmental disease? We have seen that they now contaminate soil, water, and food, that they have the power to make our streams fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and  birdless. Man ,however much he may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature . Can he escape a pollution that is now so thoroughly distributed throughout our world? We know that even single exposures to these chemicals ,if the amount is large enough, can precipitate acute poisoning .But this is not the major problem. The sudden illness or death of farmers , spraymen , pilots, and others exposed  to appreciable quantities of  pesticides are tragic and should not occur . For the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly contaminate our world.

⑸ Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative over long periods of time , and that are hazard to the individual may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his lifetime. For these very reasons the danger is easily ignored . It is human nature to shrug off what may seem to us a vague threat of future are naturally most impressed by diseases which have obvious manifestations,” says a wise physician , Dr. René Dubos, yet some of their worst enemies creep on them unobtrusively. 2 Longer-range assessments need to disentangle the shortterm preoccupations and actions and impose some kind of framework of explanation without becoming unnecessarily distracted by the shortterm or immediate actions . Decisions ,which are the component parts of policy, have a context. It is essential therefore to analyse whether a similar move or decision has been made by that country before or whether it is an apparent departure in policy. Again, an assessment of the importance of a high-level visit must not only take into account the level at which it was conducted , the extent to which the visit was perhaps largely ceremonial and the scope of the agenda , but also measure it against what, if anything, was achieved in the last analogous visit. In journalistic assessments, preoccupation with the day-to-day aspects of foreign policy inevitably affects the metaphors of explanation. For example, the metaphor of the United States „playing the China card‟ is often used in the context of Sino-American relations. Assessments of Russian Federation policy tend to focus excessively on leadership politics, attempting to see splits between „conservatives‟ and „reformers‟. Metaphors of this type have the effect of obscuring other more probable or complex reasons for behaviour such as organizational , bureaucratic, historical and external influences. Foreign policy is often conducted at multiple levels. The audience can be internal or external, regional or international, public or private. Part Two: Chinese into English Translation

Directions: Translate the following 3 passages into English; read the whole texts carefully to get a general impression of the contents and give your translations in the sheets locally provided.  To facilitate grading, the texts have been broken into groups of sentences, each group being given a serial number, therefore, when you write your versions, you MUST QUOTE the serial number also, put the number before each version. Please write neatly and intelligibly. Passage 3 我见到的多数美国人，通情达理，对中国挺友好，但也有少数人对中国有偏见。丁孝文记下一段他与一位自称当过美国大使的老太太的对话，寥寥数笔刻画出美国少数搞政治的人的傲慢与自以为是。 美国是发达国家，先进的东西比较多，中国的东西能得到美国人的称赞本来是件好事。中国也有理由为自己悠久的历史和改革开放最新的成果感到自豪。但总有少数人，过分热衷于用外国人，特别是美国人的一些说法来抬高自己，这实在大可不必。 外国的说法，不管多么中听，如果要引用，也最好稍稍考证一下。美国大兵人手一册《孙子兵法》参加海湾战争，西点军校高挂雷锋像，这些说法曾为许多人津津乐道，丁孝文经过核实确认，这不是事实。读读本书中“美国人的说法就那么重要？”也许会有些启发。 半个多世纪前，我们的先辈曾经聚集在一起，建立了联合国。58年来，联合国在维护世界和地区和平，推动人类进步发展方面的成就有目共睹。《联合国宪章》中“彼此以善邻之道，和睦相处”，“促成大自由中之社会进步及较善之民生”等精神，已被国际社会广泛认同。 中国认为，在当前的形势下，应该继续坚持和切实遵守《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则，并最终实现国际关系民主化和法制化，实现世界各国的共存共 联合国是这个世界的缩影，一个强有力的联合国是世界希望之所在。为了建立人类美好的未来，首先应该把这里变成一个相互合作的舞台，而非彼此指责的角斗场。 任何国家都不是由圣人组成的，都没有权利向他人投出偏见的石子。 为此，我们应该抛弃一切傲慢、隔阂和狭隘，让和谐、理解与宽容，成为这个大厅里永恒的主旋律；让“海纳百川，有容乃大”的精神，成为每一个成员国的座右铭。 凡与西人论事，总要先将条款看明，自占地步，乃与争辩；我持论既正，不妨且直视之，而又稍留余地，俾其有机可转，自无不了之事；若一意随和，彼此谓得计，反滋论端矣。外人情性欺弱畏强，喜直忌曲；我真自强，彼已心折，我只率直，彼亦心说而服之亦。