在英语中通常用下列方式表示的词 :在形容词或副词前加 more( 如 more natural,more clearly ) 或加后缀 -er(newer,sooner ) 。
典型的是指形容词或副词所表示的质、量或关系的增加。英语句子中,将比较
两个主体的方法叫做 “比较句型 ”。其中,像 “A比 B 更 ⋯⋯”的表达方式称为比 较级;而 “A最⋯⋯”的表达方式则称为最高级。 组成句子的方式是将形容词或副 词变化成比较级或最高级的形态。 一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的 构成规则 1.一般单音节词和少数以 -er, -ow 结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加 -er ,最 高级在后面加 -est ; (1)单音节词 如: small →smaller →smallest short → shorter ( 2)双音节词
→ shortest tall → taller → tallest great 如: clever →cleverer →cleverest
→ greater → greatest
narrow → narrower → narrowest
2.以不发音 e 结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加 -r ,最高级在原级后加 -st ; 如: large → larger → largest nice → nicer → nicest able → abler → ablest3.在重
读闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加 -er , 最高级加 -est ; 如: big →bigger →biggest hot →hotter →hottest fat → fatter → fattest
4.以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的双音节词, 把 y 改为 i ,比较级加 -er ,最高级加 -est ;如: easy→easier →easiest heavy →heavier →heaviest
busy → busier → busiest happy → happier → happiest 5.其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加 more ,最高级在前面加 most ; 如: beautiful →more beautiful →most beautiful different →more different → most different easily → more easily → most easily 注意:( 1)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the ,副词最高级前可不用。 句: The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. ( 2) 形容词 most 前面没有 the ,不表示最高级的含义, 只表示 \" 非常 \" 。 is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。 如: good→ better → best well → better → best
bad→ worse → worst
ill → worse → worst old → older/elder → oldest/eldest many/much→ more→ most little → less → least far → further/farther furthest/farthest
例 It
6.有 →
二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法
1.“ A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B ”意思为 “A比 B 更⋯⋯”。 tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。 注意:
如:This
① 在含有连词 than 的比较级中,前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴,
即同类事物之间的比较。
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② 在比较级前面使用 much ,表示程度程度 “强得多 ”。
如:A watermelon is
much bigger than an apple.
③ very, quite 一般只能修饰原级, 不能修饰比
较级。
2.“比较级 + and + 比较级 ”或 “ more and more + 原级 ”表示 “越来越 ⋯⋯” 如: It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来了,天 气变得越来越暖和了。 It is getting cooler and cooler. 天气越来越凉爽。 The wind became more and more heavily. 风变得越来越大。 Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的学校变得越来越美 丽。
3.在含有 or 的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词要用比较级 形式。 如: Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高, Tim 还是 Tom? 4. “ the比+较级 ⋯⋯ , the+ 比较级 ”,表示 “越⋯⋯ 越⋯⋯”。 The more money
钱你赚得越多,花得越多。 you make, the more you spend. The
sooner ,the better. 越快越好。 5. 表示倍数的比较级用法:
① . A is ⋯ times the size /height/length/width
of B.如: The new building is three times the height of the old one. 这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。 (新楼是旧楼的四倍高 ) /high/long/wide/large as B.
②. A is ⋯times as big
如: Asia is four times as large as Europe.
⋯times larger
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。 (亚洲比欧洲大三倍 ) ③. A is /higher/longer/wider than B. 我们学校比你们学校大两倍。
如:Our school is twice bigger than yours.
6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较, 表 句子中有表示范围的词或短语。 如:of the three, in our 示 “最 ⋯⋯”的意思。 class 等等。
如:He is the tallest in our class. =Nothing is easier than this.
他在我们班里是最高的。
Nothing
7.\" 否定词语 +比较级 \" ,\"否定词语 + so ⋯ as\" 结构表示最高级含义。
is so easy as this.
easiest thing.
=This is the
8. 比较级与最高级的转换: Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class
7.修饰比较级和最高级的词
1)可修饰比较级的词 ①.a bit, a little, rather,
等。
②.
much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even
还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。
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③ . 以上词 (除 by far) 外,必
须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。 在比较范围内。
注意: 使用最高级要注意将主语包括
(对 )
(错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.
2)下列词可修饰最高级: by far, Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
far, much, mostly, almost。 This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.
a. very 可修饰最高级,但位置与 much 不同。 注意: This is the very best.
This is much the best.
b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。Africa is the second largest continent.
8.要避免重复使用比较级。 (错) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对 ) He is more clever than his brother. (对 ) He is cleverer than his brother. 9.要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 (错) China is larger that any country in
(对 ) China is larger than any other country in Asia. Asia. 10. 要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则。
The population of Shanghai
is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it
out. 11. 要注意冠词的使用,后有名词的时候,前面才有可能有名词。 比较:Which is larger, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters.
三.典型例题 1) ---- Are you feeling ____? ---- Yes , I'm fine now.
答案: B. any A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better
可修饰比较级,quite 修饰原级,well 的比较级为 better. 2)The experiment was____ easier than we had expected. A. more B. much more C.
答案: C. much 可修饰比较级,因此 B , C 都说 much D. more much
得通,但 easier 本身已是比较级,不需 more ,因此 C 为正确答案。 3)If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school. A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier
答案: D。 time
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