一、用法归纳
1. 表示“……的东西或事情”相当于the things that…：例如：
They’ve done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助了她。 He saves what he earns. 他赚多少，积蓄多少。
What Mary is is the secretary. 玛丽的职务是秘书。
2. 表示“……的人或的样子” 相当于the person that…。如： He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子。
He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。
Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？ 3. 表示“……的数量或数目” 相当于the amount/number that…。如：：
Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。 The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。
4. 表示“……的时间”相当于the time that…例如：
After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。 The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。
5. 表示“……的地方”相当于the place that…。如：
This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。
In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。
What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world. 现在的撒哈拉沙漠的北部曾经是一个文明世界。 二、用法说明
(1) 这样用的what相当于“先行词+关系代词”，所以其前不能有先行词： 你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。
正：You can have what you like. / You can have everything (that) you like. 误：You can have everything what you like. (2) 有时what 可用作限定词，其后修饰一个名词：
I gave him what books I had. 我把我所有的书都给他了。
He gave me what money he had about him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我。
(3) What 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词，但通常不能是单数可数名词： 误：I gave him what book I had.
(4) What后接不可数名词时，有时可有little修饰。注意区别：what+不可数名词=所有的都，what little+不可数名词=虽少但全部。如：
I spent what time I had with her. 我所有的时间都是与她一起度过的。
I spent what little time I had with her. 我仅有的一点时间都是与她一起度过的。 专项练习题
1. ___________ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. ( 98 )
2. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the money exactly ___he wants.
3. Tom is greatly different from ________ he was when he was young.
ancient Egyptians believed all illnesses were related to_______was eaten. is to do good all one's life and never do anything bad. 6. Do you know ________
A. what is this used for B. what this is used for
C. which this is used D. that this is used for
7. ________ Tom liked to eat was different from ________.
A. That…that you had expected B. What …that you had expected C. That…what you had expected D. What…what you had expected 8. He said that he was fond of ________.
A. what beautiful is B. beautiful is what C. what is beautiful D. what it is beautiful
9. The poor young man is ready to accept _______ help he can get. 10. We gave him ________ help we could.
11. Now we can see _____ problem the population is .
A. a what serious B. such serious a C. how serious a D. so a serious know little about the young lady except________you told me. know nothing about her except________she is from Canada.
14. ---Why does the seaside here draw tens of thousands of tourists every summer? ---I think warm sunshine and soft sands make _____ it is.
15. Thinking _______ you know _______ in fact you don’t is a terrible mistake. 16. Yesterday my brother drove his car down the street at ___ I thought was a dangerous speed.
17. People are trying hard to protect and record ______ is left of the Aboriginal（土着居民的）language.
18. The way he did it was different ________ we were used to.
19. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _____our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.
20. Mary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet she's now buying a big house. Carol: Yes. Because she's always saved ________. little she earns B. how little she earns
C. for little she earns D. with little she earns 21. After five hours’ drive, they reached ________ they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of .
A. that B. what C. which D. where
22. I just don’t understand_______ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect.
A .why it does B. what it does C. why it is D. what it is
23. Loulan city is not at all _______a traveler who has never seen the desert before can expect.
24. I think that this meal was well worth ________ was charged for it.
25. Yesterday he sold out all his stamps at ____ he thought was a reasonable price. 26. What is learned in books can not have the same deep effect on a child’s character ______ is learned through experience.
With复合结构的用法小结
一、 with结构的构成
1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词； 2. with或without-名词/代词+副词； 3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语； 4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式；
5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词（现在分词和过去分词）。 6 with或without-名词/代词+名词 下面分别举例：
1、 She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold. （with+名词+形容词作伴随状语）
2、 With the meal over ， we all went home. （with+名词+副词，作时间状语）
3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。 （with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。）
The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.（with+名词+介词短语，伴随状语。）
4、He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语） He could not finish it without me to help him. （without+代词 +不定式，作条件状语）
5、She fell asleep with the light burning. （with+名词+现在分词 ，作伴随状语）
Without anything left in the cupboard， shewent out to get something to eat. （without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）
6 He died with his son yet a school boy . 他去世时他的儿子还是一个学童呢 （with或without-名词/代词+名词）
7 ---You should have prepared your speech for the meeting , Mrs Smith .
---Yes, I know .But how could I（prepared your speech for the meeting） with the meeting date fixed so soon （. With+名词/代词 +过去分词）（2005东北三校联考） 二、with结构的用法
在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件（详见上述例句）。
With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如：(翻译下列三个句子) like eating the mooncakes with eggs.
space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.
little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house. 三、 with结构的特点
with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系，而在逻辑上，却具有主谓关系，也就是说，可以用第一部分作主语，第二部分作谓语，构成一个句子。 例如： With him taken care of，we felt quite relieved.→（He was taken good care of.） She fell asleep with the light burning. →（The light was burning.）
With her hair gone，there could be no use for them. →（Her hair was gone.）
巩固练习 1
1. BBC English broadcasts programmes for China _______ explanation in Chinese. 2. The young woman _______ a baby sleeping in her arms was wandering in the street. 3. Everyone should go to sleep with the light turned off.
4. _______ so many homework to do, Mary won’t have time to play with her friends this morning.
5. _______ the door is open, the noise of the machines is almost deafening. 6. _______ his mother was out, he had to stay at home alone.
7. _______ all things are considered, her proposal is of greater than his 8. _______ time permits, we will visit the Summer Palace. 巩固练习 2 1. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _______, he gladly accepted it.
A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished
2. Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ______? A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take
3. You have no idea how she finished the relay race, _______ her foot was wounded so much.
A. for B. as C. with D. while
4. ----Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
----Sorry. With so much work _______ my mind, I almost break down. A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled 5. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______, he gladly accepted it.
A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished 6. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______. A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
7. ______and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor’s help to end her life.
A. Having given up hope of cure B. With no hope for cure C. There being hope for cure D. In the hope of cure
8. ________ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend. A. With B. Besides C. As for of
9. It was a pity that the great writer died _______ his works unfinished. A. for B. with C. from D. of
10. ______ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. A. As B. For C. With D. Through
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