MBA英语关键短语
A
● a bit 一点；一些
The modern opera was a bit of a disappointment; we expected it to be much better。 这部现代歌剧有点令人失望,比我们想象中的差得多。
I asked her to give me a hand but she\"s being a bit unwillin g about it. 我请她过来帮忙,但她却有点不乐意。
I\"m a little bit tired. Let\"s take a short rest. 我有点累了，让我们休息一会儿。 I\"m a bit tired tonight. 今晚我有点疲倦。
The painting on the wall is a bit crooked. 墙上的油画有些歪。
Don\"t believe all he says — he\"s a bit of a boaster. 别全信他说的，他有点自吹自擂。
● a body of 一片，一批；大量
● a body of men(facts) 一批人（大量事实） ● a couple of 两个，数个 ● a couple of socks 一双袜子
I have a couple of things to do.我有几件事情要办。 I waited a couple of hours. 我等了几个小时。
● add up to 总计；意味着
All this adds up to a new concept of the Universe.
Your long answer just adds up to a refusal. a far cry 大不相同，悬殊；遥远的距离 It is a far cry from Beijing to New York.
● a few 几个，少数
Can you stay a few days longer?你能多留几天吗？
Are you friends here? Yes, a few are here. 你的朋友们在这儿吗？有，有几个在这儿。
● a good / great deal 大量的，许多的 ● a great deal of support 大量援助 ● a good deal of trouble 大量麻烦 ● a good / great many 相当多，很多
● a little 一些，少许；略微
There isn\"t much tea, but we only need a little for a cup of tea. 没有多少茶叶了，但是我们只需要一点儿泡杯茶。 He speaks a little Spanish。他会讲一点西班牙语。
● a lot 很，非常
● a lot of / lots of 大量的，许多的
There was a lot of mud on the ground. 地上有许多泥。 I picked lots of flowers.我摘了许多花。
● a series of 一连串，一系列
He saw a series of white arrows painted on the road. 他看见马路上画有一连串白色箭头。
● above all 首先，尤其是
Above all, I love Tchaikovsky. 首先，我喜欢柴可夫斯基。
● add up to 总计；意味着 ● after all 终究；毕竟
It has turned out to be a nice day after all.天气终于转晴了。 So you see I was right after all!你看,毕竟还是我对吧!
● ahead of 在…之前；早于
Our company is ahead of other makers of spare parts for th e airplane. 我们公司制造飞机零部件比别家的业绩好。
● all at once 突然, 忽然
● all but 差不多，几乎；除了…都
I all but stumbled. 我差一点摔跤。 That‟s all but impossible.那几乎不可能。 The job is all but finished! 这工作差不多完成了！
● all of a sudden 突然
● all over 到处，遍及；结束；（相貌）非常像
I‟m wet all over. 我全身湿透。
It‟s all over (with him).结束了（他完蛋了）。 I have looked all over for him.我到处找过他。
● all right 令人满意的，不错的；（健康）良好的；行，可 以
If it‟s all right to you, it‟s all right to me. These clothes are all right for summer wear.
● 注意：all right to + 人 all right for + 事物 ● all the same 依然，照样地
● all the time 一直，始终；三番五次地 ● allow for 考虑；允许
We must allow for his inexperience.我们必须考虑到他缺乏经验。
It takes about two hours to get to their office building, allo wing for possible traffic delays. 考虑到路上可能遇到的交通耽搁,到他们的办公大楼大约要花费两小时。
● and so on / forth 等等 ● answer for 对…负责
You‟ll have to answer for your carelessness.
I will answer for the truth of what he has said. 我保证他所说的话是真的。
The bus driver should answer for the safety of the passeng ers.公共汽车司机应对旅客安全负责。
● anything but 绝不；一点也不；单单除…之外
I will do anything but go there. 我决不到那里去。 That\"s anything but true. 那决不是真的。
● apart from 除…外=aside from
All the children like music apart from Bobby. 除了博比外 所有的孩子都喜欢音乐。 The writer lives apart from his family.作家不与家人同住。
Apart from being too large, the trousers don\"t suit me.这条裤子不但太大,而且我穿着也不合适。 Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all.除了很少的几句外,我对法语一无所知。
● as / so long as 只要；如果；既然，由于
You may borrow this book as long as you promise to give i t back. 只要你答应归还，你就可以把这书借走。
● as a matter of fact 事实上，其实 ● as a result 结果，因此
● as a result of 由于…的结果 ● as a rule 通常，照样地
As a rule, we get up at 6 O‟clock.
● as far as 远到，直到；就…而言
As far as I know, he has gone to town.就我所知，他到镇子上去了。
● as far as … concerned 就…而论 ● as follows 如下
The results are as follows...结果如下…
● as for / to 关于；至于
You can have a bed, but as for the children, they‟ll have to sleep on the floor I don\"t know anything as to the others.至于其他，我一无所知。
● as good as 和…几乎一样，实际上等于 ● as if / though 好像，好似
She spoke to me as if she knew me. 她和我说话的神情，好像她早就认识我似的。
● as regards 关于= as for
As regards (doing) that, I haven‟t decided yet.
● 注意：regarding = with regard to = in regard to as soon as 一…就，刚…便 ● as well 也；还；同样
● as well as 也，又，以及；和…一样，除…之外 ● as … as 像…一样
● aside from 除…以外=apart from ● ask after 问候（身体健康） ● ask for 要求；请求
● ask for the tickets 找票（想得到票） ● at a loss 亏本；不知所措；困惑
I found myself at a loss for words of consolation. be at a loss to recollect sb‟s name
● at all（用语问句、否定句等）根本不
I don\"t like him at all. 我一点儿也不喜欢他。
I\"m not at all sorry I came, I\"m glad! 我来了一点也不遗憾，我很高兴。 He doesn\"t smoke at all. 他从来不吸烟。
● at all costs 不惜任何代价；无论如何 ● at all events 无论如何，不管怎样 ● at all times 任何时候；随时；总是 ● at any rate 无论如何 ● at first sight 乍看，初见
● at hand 在近处，在手边；即将到来 ● at heart 内心里；实质上
● at intervals 每隔一段时间，每隔一段距离；不时
Trees are standing at intervals along the street. arranged at intervals of ten feet以10英尺间隔排列
● at large 自由地；一般地；整体的
He spoke at a large on the subject
● talk at large 详谈
preliminary arrangement made at large一般性的初步安排 the country at large 整个国家
● at least 至少
He\"s going away for at least a week.他起码一星期出去一次。
● at length 最后；详细地
speak at great length debate a subject at length
● at most 最多；最大
We can stay for two days at most.我们最多能待两天。
● at no time 从不；决不
At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.
● at once 马上，立刻；同时
Don\"t all speak at once! 大家别一块儿说话！
● at one time 曾经，一度；同时 ● at present 现在；目前
At present, he is on holiday.目前，他正在度假。
● at the cost of 牺牲，以…为代价 ● at the moment 此刻，目前
● at the same time 同时，然而，不过 ● at times 有时
B
● back and forth 前后；来回
Someone was pacing back and forth behind the curtain. 有人在幕布后踱来踱去。
● back down 放弃要求，让步
They refused to back down.他们不愿让步。
Since most of the people present agreed with her, I had to back down. 大多数到会的人都同意她的意见,我只好放弃原来的意见了。
He has backed down from the position he took last week. 他已放弃他上星期所采取的立场。 The speakers forceful words persuaded his opponent to back down.
● back up 支持;堵塞;后退
Most members were against Mr.Jones, who would have lost his position if you hadn‟t backed him up.
The new evidence backed up my argument.新的证词有助于我的论点。 „Don\"t shoot!‟ he said and backed up.“别开枪！” 他说着往后退。 Will you back me up in the argument.
● be about to 刚要，即将
● bear / keep in mind 牢记在心
You must bear in mind that your parents hope to depend on
you to become a good doctor. 你要记住你的父母指望你成为一名好医生。
● before long 不久以后
Before long, the noise dropped completely and the boat be gan to drift gently across the water. 不久,轰鸣声完全消失了,于是这只船开始 慢悠悠地漂浮在水面上。
● beside point 离题；不相干的
I want to do it in any case: the cost is beside the point. To build another skyscraper in the city is beside the point. 在该城市再盖一座摩天大楼的问题不必谈了。
● beyond question 无疑
● both … and …两者都；既…又…，不但…而且… ● break away 摆脱，逃跑
The robbery suspect broke away from the lockup. 抢劫嫌疑犯从拘留所逃脱了。 Modern music like jazz has broken away from the old tradi tional rules. 现代音乐如爵士乐摆脱了旧的传统规则。
● break down（机器）出故障；中断；分解
Our truck broke down outside town. 我们的卡车在城外抛锚了。
The car broke down halfway to the destination. 汽车在到达目的地的中途抛锚了。 The car broke down halfway to the camp. 车子在去营地的半路上抛锚了。 The 8 o\"clock train broke down at Ferngreen station and w as taken off the line.\" 8 点钟的那趟车因在芬格林车站出了故障而被取消了。 The peace talks have broke down.
The figures must be broken down into several lists.
● break in 插嘴；闯入
He broke in with some ideas of his own.
It\"s her usual habit to break in with some ideas of her own. 他常常打断别人的话来发表自己的观点。
Don\"t break in when the adventurer is telling his own story.冒险家讲他自己的经历时,别打断他。
Children shouldn\"t break in on adults\" conversation. 小孩子不要打断大人们的谈话。 The telephone ring broke in on/upon my thoughts. 电话铃声打断了我的思路。 The burglar broke in and stole my money.夜窃贼破门而入,偷了我的钱。
● break into 闯入；打断；突然开始
The thieves broke into the office and stole some money. 小偷闯入办公室，偷了一些钱。 The bandits broke into the jewelry and stole near all the va luable necklaces. 土匪们闯进了珠宝店盗走了几乎所有值钱的项链。 to break into a conversation. to break into song 突然唱起歌来
The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed. 观众们爆发出一阵欢呼,醉汉鞠了一躬。 The car windows broke into pieces when the two cars cras hed into each other. 两辆车相撞时车上的窗玻璃破裂成碎片。
The new waitress dropped the dish on the floor, and it brok e into fragments. 新来的女服务员把菜盘子掉在地上,摔成了碎片。
● break off 中断, 折断, 突然停止
Those two countries have broken off relations. Let‟s break off work and have some tea. He broke off a branch and gave it to me.
● Break out 突然发生；爆发
Fire broke out in the kitchen.厨房突然发生了火灾。
It was almost midnight that a fire broke out in the neighbor hood. 昨天快半夜了这儿附近发生了火灾。
His back broke out in spots.他背上出现了许多斑点。 She broke out in curses in her dream.她在梦中大声咒骂起来。 The fire broke out in the basement.地下室着了火。
World War II broke out in 1939.第二次世界大战是 1939 年爆发的。 Hostilities have broken out between the two countries. 两国之间爆发了战争。
● break through 突破；克服；挣脱而出
Have our soldiers broke through the enemy‟s defense yet? Scientists have recently broken through
another barrier to knowledge.
It was a cloudy day, but the sun at last broke through.
After the storm the sun broke through the clouds. 风暴过后太阳冲破了云层。 At last, those physicians and specialists broke through in th eir fight against heart disease. 那些内科医生和专家们终于在同心脏病的斗争中取得了突破。 The guerrillas soon broke through.游击队很快就突围了。
● break up 打碎；中断
Freezing weather will break up the soil.
The crowd started to break up when the night fell. 天快黑时人群开始散开了。 The ice will break up when the warm weather comes. 天气转暖,冰层就会破裂。 Their marriage broke up. 他们的婚姻破裂了。
● bring about 引起；造成
Science has brought about many changes in our lives.
● bring down 使倒下；使下降；使受挫折
The pilot brought the plane down gently. He brought the deer down with one shoot. to bring down the price.
● bring forward 提出；提前 (= put forward)
Can the prisoner bring forward any proof of his story?
The election will be brought forward to June, as to many p eople are on holiday i n July. We\"ll bring the party forward.我们要把晚会提前。
They\"ll bring the date of their marriage forward from the 30th to the 28th. 他们将把结婚的日期从三十日提前到二十八日。 A plan was brought forward. 提出一项计划。
The general manager brought forward a new reform plan o n the personnel system for the company. 总经理为公司提出了一份有关人事制度改革的新方案。 The final examination will be brought forward to June inst ead of July. 期终考试将由七月提前到六月举行。
The lawyer brought forward some new evidences against t he murder. 律师为这件谋杀案提出了一些新的证据。
● bring into operation 实施，使生效；使运行 ● bring out 显示出来；出版，生产
Difficulties can bring put a person‟s best qualities.
to bring out a new kind of soap生产一种新肥皂
● to bring out the worst in sb使（某人）显露其最丑恶的一面
Put some more wood on the fire to make it burn up.
● but for 要是没有，要不是 ● bring up 提出；教育；培养
to bring up the question 提出问题 to bring up children
● build up 增长；积累
to build up one\"s strength 增强体力
But at sea the wind can build up giant, powerful waves.但是在海上,风能形成巨大强劲的波浪。 Hard working conditions build up character. 艰苦的工 作 条件能磨练人的性格。 Promote physical culture and build up the people\"s health。发展体育运动,增强人民体质。 I\"m very glad to see that your vocabulary is gradually buil ding up. 看到你的词汇量在逐渐增长,我很高兴。
Many a large and important business has been built up fro m small beginnings.
● burn down 烧毁；烧掉
The building was burnt down and only ashes were left.
● burn out 烧光；熄灭；疲乏
The building was burnt out and only the walls remained. You‟ll burn yourself out if you work too hard.
● burn up 烧尽；烧旺
All the wood has been burnt up.
But for my brother\"s help, I would not have finished. 要不是我兄弟的帮助，我是无法完成的。
● 注意：常+虚拟语气
● by accident 偶然；不小心
I met Jacob by accident in the cinema.我偶然在电影院遇到了雅各布。
● by all means 尽一切办法；务必 ● by and by 不久以后；不一会儿
He‟ll come back by and by.
● by and large 一般来说，大体上
By and large, your idea is a good one.
● by far 得多；显然
He is by far the tallest among us.
His explanation is clear by far.
● 注意：主要用来修饰比较级，最高级，强调数量、程度等。 ● by hand 用手；由专人送的；用体力 ● by itself 自动地，单独地
The house stands by itself outside the village. 这幢房子孤 单地坐落在村外。
● by means of 通过…手段；借助于，用 ● by mistake 弄错，错误地
● by no means 根本没有；一点也不
I am by no means pleased with this behavior.
● by oneself 单独地，独自地
● by the way 顺便说说；顺便提起
By the way, what happened to the money? 顺便问一句，那笔钱后来怎么样了？
● by virtue of 由于；因为
Though she isn‟t British by birth, she‟s a British citizen by virtue of her marriage to an Englishmen.
● by way of 取道；用…方法，通过
by way of London 途经伦敦
C
● call for 需要；要求；邀请
problems that call for immediate solution
Let‟s go to the meeting together, and I‟ll call for you. to call for bid 招标
The occasion calls for a cool head.这种场合需要冷静的头脑。
● call off 取消；停止
The meeting has been called off.会议取消了。
● call on 拜访；看望；号召
We‟ll call on Mary tomorrow.
I call on the people of this country to work hard for national unity.
● call up 打电话；使人想起；召集
I‟ll call you up this evening.
These scenes called up my childhood memories. The government is calling up men for the army.
● can / could not help 禁不住，忍不住 ● capable of 有能力的；可以…的，可能
Are you capable of climbing that tree? 你能爬上那棵树吗？
She is proud of her son, who\"s very capable as a driver. 她 为他的儿子自豪,因为他很会开车。 That mob\"s capable of any crime.那个暴徒什么违法的事都会干得出来。 This tool machine is capable of being improved. 这台机床 是可以改进的。
● care for 照顾；关心；喜欢
I don\"t care for tea. 我不喜欢喝茶。
He\"s good at caring for sick animals. 他精心照料生病的牲畜。
Uncle Dick is very good at caring for sick animals. 狄克大叔照管生病的动物,很在行。
● carry off 拿走，抓走，赢得（奖章等）
The college team carried off all the prizes of the table tennis. 大学代表队囊括了全部乒乓球比赛的奖项。 Jean carried off all the prizes in the competition。
● carry on 继续下去；从事
Even after the king had entered the room, she carried on tal king. Carry on reading! 继续读！
We must carry on till success in spite of the extremely diffi cult conditions. 尽管条件极端困难,我们必须坚持下去,直到成功。
● carry out 执行，贯彻；实现
He carried out his promise to quit smoking. carry out one\"s plan 实行自己的计划
I have carried out my work. 我已经完成了我的工作。
● carry through 完成，进行到底
Carry the revolution through to the end His courage will carry him through. 他的勇气会帮他渡过难关。
● catch fire 着火，烧着 ● catch sb.’s eye 引起注意 ● catch sight of 看到，发现
I caught sight my old friend in town today.
● catch up with 赶上
You\"ll have to work harder to catch up with the top student s in your class. 要赶上班上最优秀的同学你得更加用功才行。
When she caught up with them, she saw that they had sat down and were going through the contents of the bag. 当她赶上时,看到他们已坐下 正在仔细查看包里的东西。 You start first, walk on and I\"ll catch up with you later. 你们先动身,往前走,我等一会儿会赶上你们的。
● check in 办理登记手续
Passengers must check in at the airport an hour before the plane leaves. 旅客们必须在飞机起飞前一小时到机场办理登机手续。
● check out 结帐后离开；检验，检查 ● check up / on 检查，检验
Please check up on the truth of this story.
● clear away 把…清除掉；扫除 ● clear up 清理；澄清；（天气）放晴
to clear up a misunderstanding 解除误会 clear up the desk 整理书桌
Would you clear up this room before our visitors arrive?客人到来之前,请拾掇一下这个房间好吗?
● come about 发生
How did it come about? 那事是怎么发生的?
● come across 偶遇；碰到；讲清楚
We\"ve just come across an old friend we haven\"t seen for ages. 我们刚碰到了一位多年不见的老朋友。
Your speech came across very well, everyone understands your opinion now.
● come along 进展；成功；一道走
How\"s your work coming along? 你的工作进展如何? She comes along with us.
● come into effect 生效
● come off 发生；举行；成功
The wedding came off as planned.
Their attempt to shoot the king did not came off.
● come on 快点；走吧；有进展
The player came on late. 该球员出场晚了。
The corn is coming on splendidly. come out 出来；结果是；出版 Come out first! 得第一名！
The stars came out as soon as darkness fell.天一黑,星星就出来了。 When does John\"s book come out?约翰的书什么时候出版？
● come round/around 再现；恢复知觉；改变看法
He\"ll come round to our way of thinking. 他会改变立场而支持我们的。 May Day will soon come round.五一节就要到了。
● come through 经历，获得成功
Come through a war (a serious illness)
I know that in the end John would come through。
● come to 苏醒；达到；总数为
She fainted, and it was half an hour before she came to aga in.
They came to the conclusion that they had made an unforgi vable mistake. 他们得到的结论是他们犯了一个不可饶恕的错误。 The water came to my waist.水已达我的腰部。
The performance of the opera has come to its climax. 歌剧的表演已经到达最高潮了。 The bill came to $5.50.账款共计5元50分。
● come up 发生；走上前来；（时间）快到
I‟ll let you know if anything comes up He came up and said,” Pleased to see you”
● come up against 碰到（困难）
come up against a series of problems.碰到一系列的问题。
The workers came up against their employer‟s unwillingne ss to pay higher wages.
● come up to 达到（高度、程度）；符合
Your recent work hasn‟t come up to your earlier standards. The water came up to his waist.
● come up with 赶上；提出
He couldn\"t come up with an answer.他答不上来。 Broader areas of study that cut across the divisions betwee
He couldn\"t come up with an appropriate answer just at the time.那时他想不出一个合适的答案。 Come up with a proposal/response提出建议/作出反映
● compare to 把…比作；比为
Man\"s life is often compared to a candle.人生常被喻为蜡烛。
The poet compares his lover to a rose in his poems. 诗人在他诗歌中把他的情人比作玫瑰花。
● compare with 比较；与…相比
Walking can\"t compare with flying. 走路比不上飞行。
Living in a town can\"t compare with living in the country i n many respects. 在许多方面城市生活比不上在乡村生活。
● count on 依靠，依赖
You can‟t count on the weather being fine.
● count up 算出…总数，总计
Count up all those figures to me. It counts up to more than 50 yuan.
● cover up 掩盖，掩饰
She tried to cover up her nervousness as she waited to mak e her speech.
● cut across 绕近道穿过；超越；遮住
a new group of members of parliament that cuts across party lines无党派议员组成的新团体 The distance will be less if we cut across the fields.
● cut back 削减；终止；急忙返回
The unions strongly oppose any plan to cut back industrial production.
● cut down 削减；减少
The doctors told me to cut down (on) smoking and drinkin g.
● cut in 插嘴,打断；突然出来
Don\"t cut in while I\"m talking. 我说话时别插嘴。
● cut off 切断；中断；隔绝
She cut off a small piece of cake and gave it to me.
We were cut off in the middle of our telephone conversatio n. When the city was cut off, everyone knew that total defeat was certain.
● cut out 删掉；戒掉
My doctors said I must cut out smoking and strong drinks. If you want to get thin you must cut out sugar.
● cut short 中断；打断；缩短
Cut sb. short
Cut short the stay abroad
D
● deal in 买卖；经销
The shop deals in woolen goods/electrical appliances.
● deal out 分配
deal out two apples apiece 分给每人两个苹果
● deal with 论述；涉及；与…打交道
Tom‟s new book deals with the troubles in Ireland. I have dealt with this person for 20 years.
● die down 逐渐消失；变弱
After the excitement of the audience died down, the speake r restarted his speech . 等听众激动的情绪平息后,演讲人又重新开始演讲。
● die out 消失 灭绝
● do / try one’s best 尽力，努力 ● do away with 消灭，灭掉
The government should do away with the regulations restri cting drinking hours.
● do without 没有…也行；免除；不用
If there is no bread, we must do without (it), that‟s all.
● draw in 到站；吸收；使加入
The train drew in. 公共汽车驶到路旁。
● draw on 利用；支取；吸
I should have to draw on the money I‟ve saved. Draw on sb. at 30 days‟ sight见票 30 天后向某人支取
● draw up 起草；制定；（使）停住
I will draw up a scheme of it for you. 我将替你草拟这事的计划。 Draw up a plan/contract
The car drew up and 3 men got out.
● dress up 穿上盛装
She like to dress up for a party. 她喜欢把自己打扮得漂漂亮亮去参加晚会。
● drop by / in 顺便来访，非正式访问
Why don‟t you drop in and see me some time.
● drop off 掉下；入睡；（让）…下车
Interest in the game has dropped off. —Where were you dropped off? —At the bus stop just round the corner.
● drop out 退出；退学；掉出
Dropping out of school is usually not wise.
He dropped out off ordinary society because it was driving him mad.
● due to 因为；由于
accidents due to driving at high speed由于高速开车而引起的交通事故 Her illness was due to bad food.她的病是坏了的食物造成的。
E
● each other 互相
Take this medicine with warm water every other day. 这药每隔一天随温水服一次。
● except for 除…之外
They kissed each other. 他们彼此吻了对方。
● either … or 或…或
I\"m considering to buy my niece a Christmas present, eithe r a dictionary or an encyclopedia. 我在考虑给我侄女买一样圣诞礼物,不是词典就是百科全书。 Either say you\"re sorry or else get out!你要么道歉,要么滚开!
● enjoy oneself 过得快乐，得到乐趣
Did you enjoy yourself of the party? 你在宴会上愉快吗?
One can\"t enjoy oneself if one / he is too tired. 一个人如果太疲倦,就不能尽情享受 。 She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost ever ything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.
她开心地迫使这位售货员几乎把橱窗内所有的东西都拿出来看看,最后才买下她最初要看的那件衣服。
● even if / though 即使，虽然 ● ever so 即使如此，虽然如此
He is ever so diligent.他勤奋极了。
Everybody enjoyed himself ever so at the evening party.
● every other 每隔一个的
all the questions except for the last one除最后一道题之外的所有问题
Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.公共汽车上要不是坐了一位老太太就是空的。
F
● face to face（常与 with 连用）面对面地
I raced out of the office and found myself face-to-face with the boss. 我冲出办公室,面对面地碰上了老板。
The burglar turned the corner and found himself face to fac e with a policeman. 那窃贼转过墙角，面对面碰上一个警察。
They\"ve often talked to each other on the telephone, but th ey\"ve never met each other face to face. 他们常常互相通电话,但从来没有见过面。
● face up to 大胆面向,勇敢对待；正视；承认
Tom‟s father faced up to many problems.
She must face up to the fact that she is no longer young.她必须正视她已不再年轻这一事实。
● fall back on 求助于；转而依靠
Doctors sometimes fall back on old cures.
We spend our wages but we had our bank account to fall back on.填写所得税申报表
● fall behind 落后
● fall in with 同意, 依从
● fall in with sb’s views. fall out 争吵；脱落
Jean and Paul have fallen out with each other over the edu cation of their childr en.
● fall through 落空；失败
The plan fell through. 计划已经失败。
● far from 决不；决非；远离
—You have done very well. —Far from it!
● feel like 想要；感觉到
Do you feel like going to a movie?
● 注意：+动名词
● figure out 计算出；想出
We must figure out how to solve the problem. 我们必须想出解决这个问题的办法。 I couldn\"t figure out who the lady with the sunglasses was.我想不出那位戴墨镜的夫人是谁。
● fill in / out 填写
We\"ll have to find someone to fill in for Francis tonight as he\"s ill. 弗朗西斯病了,我们得找个什么人今晚顶替他。 to fill in one\"s income tax form
Please fill in / out / up this form, giving your name, age, an d address.
请在这份表格上填上你的姓名、年龄和地址。
● find out 查明；找出；发现
I\"ve found you out at last. 我终于把你揭露了。
Please find out when the ship sails for New York. 请打听一下那艘船什么时候开往纽约。 Please find out what time the delegation will come. 请查一查代表团什么时候来。
● for ever 永远；终身
● for example / instance 例如 ● for good 永久地；一劳永逸地
We thought she‟d come for a visit, but it seems she‟s stayin g for good.
● for one thing 首先；一则；举例说 ● for the better 好转
● for the moment 暂时，目前
Stop discussing for the moment, please!
● for the time being 暂时；眼下；目前 ● from time to time 时常；不时
G
● get across 解释清楚；使人了解；通过
Did your speech get across to the crowd? 你的演说听众理解吗? Get the children across the street
I spoke slowly, but my meaning didn‟t get across.
● get along 相处；有进展，有起色
Do you get along well with you aunt? —How is your work getting along? —It‟s getting along nicely, thank you.
● get at 得到；够得着；查明
Put the food where the cat can‟t get at it. To get at(= come at) the truth.
● get away 离开；出发；逃脱 ● get by 通过；逃脱；过
to get by on a small income靠微薄的收入生活 Your work will just get by. 你的工作尚能过得去。
● get down to 开始，着手
to get down to work
It‟s time you got down to some reading or the other student s will leave you beh ind.
● get hold of 抓住；掌握；获得；找到 ● get in 收获；进入；到达
● get into 进入；对…发生兴趣；促使某人卷入某事
Did your boy get into the first 3 places? They got into the car and drove off. I‟ve got myself into trouble.
● get off 下（车）；逃脱惩罚
The man went to prison but the 2 boys got off with a warni ng. They got off the bus and walked away.
● get on 上车；进展
to get on in one\"s job 在事业上取得成功
● get on to 转入（另一话题或活动）；同…联系
How did we get on to that subject?
I‟ll get on to the director and see if he can help. get on with 继续做；在…方面获得成功；相处
● get out 泄露；说出；离去
● get over 克服困难；解决；恢复过来
How shall we get over this difficulty?
It took me a long time to get over my cold.我的感冒过了很久才好。 Sooner or later you‟ll get over the shock.
● get rid of 避免，摆脱；除去
You are supposed to get rid of carelessness, for it often lea ds to irretrievable errors. 你们一定要克服粗枝大叶,因为粗枝大叶常常引起无可 挽回的错误。
● get the better of 占上风；胜过 ● get through 接通（电话）；完成
When you get through with your work, let‟s go out.
I tried to telephone you but I couldn‟t get through.蒸汽火车被电气火车取代了。
● get together 集会；召集；收集
When can we get together? 我们什么时候聚会？
● give away to 泄露；赠送；告发
His accent gives him away as a southerner. Gave away all her money to the poor. That‟s a secret,
don‟t give it away.
The twins gave away their clothes that were too small.
● give back 送还；恢复
● give in 屈服，让步；交上，呈上 ● give off 释放出；辐射出；发生 ● give out 放出；发表；用完
Our supply of sugar has given out. The radio is giving out a strange signal. Give out the examination papers.
The news was given out that the king had died. Give the money out to the children. His strength gave out. 他已精疲力竭。
● give rise to 产生；使发生；引起，导致
Those bad conditions have given rise to a lot of crimes.
● give up 投降；放弃；辞去 ● give way 让位，让路；让步；（情感等）失控
Steam trains gave way to electric trains.
● go after 追求；追逐
● go ahead 继续下去；开始
● go along with 赞成；支持；随行
We‟ll go along with your suggestion.
● go around / round 足够分配;绕…而行；传播
There aren\"t enough computers for the whole grade of stud ents to go round. 计算机不够整个年级学生用的。
Is there food to go round?食物够分配的吗？
If there are not enough chairs to go round, some people wil l have to stand. There are a lot of colds going round.
● go back on 违背诺言
Don\"t go back on your word.可别说了不算数啊! Go back on a promise
● go by 时间过去；经过；遵守
A car went by. 2 years went by.
You can\"t go by what the children say.你不能照孩子们说的去做。 To go by the rules. Don‟t go by that old map.
● go down 下降；下沉；下跌
Meat and eggs are going down in price.肉蛋的价格正在下跌。 The grain crop has gone down this year. 今年的粮食作物产量下降了。
● go for 去；选择；想要；攻击（用语言）
My wife went for me because I was late for dinner. When you offer him sweets he goes for the biggest one. They went for each other in the papers. 他们在报上互相指责。 to go for a job 求职
● go in for 从事，爱好；参加（竞赛，考试）
I go in for the examination next year. His brother doesn\"t go in for sports. 他弟弟没有参加运动的习惯。
Young people should never simply go in for material comf orts. 年青人永远也不应一味地追求物质享受。
● go into 研究；调查；从事
The police are going into the murder case. To go into business/politics
● go off 离开；爆炸；食品变坏；断电
The bomb went off with a deafening crash. The signal pistol went off with a bang. 信号枪砰的一声响了。
This steak has gone off.这牛排坏了。
● go on 继续进行；发生
What\"s going on here? 这里发生了什么事？ Go on, I\"m listening. 说下去吧，我在听着。 Let\"s go on!让我们继续做/走/读下去。 Go on with your work. 继续干你的工作。
If you go on like this, you\"ll make big mistakes some day. 如果你继续这样下去势必有一天要犯大错误。
● go out 离开 ；熄灭；过时
What pleasant weather! Why not go out for a walk? 天气多好啊,为什么不出去散散步? My friends went out to Africa.我的朋友到非洲旅行去了。
Short skirts went out some time ago.短裙不久以前才不流行了。
● go over 浏览，仔细查看，检查，审查
We went over the building. 我们查看了这座大楼。 We must go over the accounts carefully before we settle th em. 在结账之前，我们必须仔细查阅账目。
You must go over the instructions of how it works before y ou use the microwave oven. 在使用微波炉前要先看看它的使用说明。
● go through 通过；经历（苦难）；仔细检查
There is a mistake somewhere, we‟ll have to go through th e accounts and see where it is. to go through two stages 经历两个阶段
These countries have gone / been through too many wars.这些国家饱经战火。 The law has gone through Parliament.议会已经通过了这项法案。 Their plans went through.他们的计划得到了批准。
You should go through the official channels to get help inst ead of through private relationship. 你应该通过官方渠道而不是通过私人关系寻求帮助。
● go up 上升，增长；涨价
Prices have gone up again. 物价又上涨了。
● go wrong 出毛病；发生故障，走错路
H
● had better 最好还是；应该
You\"d better stay at hospital for another few days. 你最好在医院再住几天。 Better have the operation right now.你最好还是现在就动手术。 You\"d better be there. 你最好在那里。
You had better set off at once.你还是马上动身的好。
● had rather … than 宁愿…二不愿 ● hand down 传下去；传递；传给
This pair of bracelets was handed down from my great grandmother.这副手镯是我曾祖母传的。
● hand in 交上；递交 ● hand on 传下来；传递
Please read this and hand it on.请你读后加以传阅。
Please read this notice and hand it on. 请把这张通知看一下,并传阅。
● hand out 分发，散发 ● hand over 交出；移交
to hand over command of a ship移交军舰的指挥权
The pickpocket was handed over to the police. 扒手被送 交警方。
● hang about 闲荡，闲待着
Don‟t hang about, we have a train to catch!
I can‟t wait any longer, I‟ve been hanging about too long al ready. He hung about outside my house.他在我家房子外面转悠。
● hang on 抓紧不放；由…决定; 别挂断
Hang on to the strap. The bus is starting. 抓住皮带,汽车要开动了。 The story hangs on the relationship between the two sisters. We should hang onto the shares until their prices are higher 在股票价格升高之 前,我们应当尽力保住这些股票。 Hang on a minute; I\"m just coming. 请稍等一下,我马上就来。
● have in mind 想到；考虑；打算
● have nothing to do with 与…毫无关系 ● have on 穿着；戴着；对…有安排
He had a beautiful new suit on. 他穿着一套好看的新衣服。 What do you have on for tomorrow night?明天晚上你有什么安排？ have something to do with 与…有点关系
● head for 向…方向前进；驶向
—Where are you heading for? —Manchester.
● heart and soul 全心全意地，完全地 ● help oneself (to)自取所需（食物）；随意拿取 ● hold back 踌躇；阻止 (= keep back)；保密
Mary always holds back when we take her to a party. No one can hold back the wheel of history. You must have the whole story, don‟t hold back.
The villagers built banks of earth to hold back the floodwat ers.
The boss was unable to hold back his anger any longer. 老板再也抑制不住怒火了。
● hold on 抓住；坚持
Helen held on and finally got home.
● hold out 伸出；坚持；不屈服
Will the car hold out till we reach London?这车能支持到我们抵达伦敦吗？ \"How long will our fresh water supplies hold out?\" captainasked. 船长问道：我们的淡水还能支持多久? He held out his hand. 他伸出了手.
The town was surrounded but the people held out until hel p came. Don‟t give in yet, you can hold out a little longer.
● hold up 举起；阻挡
Hold up your right hand.
The criminals held up the passengers and took all the mone y. The bus was held up because a tree had fallen across the ro ad.
● how about（你觉得）…怎么样 ● hurry up 赶快，匆匆完成
I
● if only 要是…多好
If only I were rich!
● in a hurry 匆忙，急于
● in case of 如果发生；万一；假使
In case of rain they can\"t go. 万一下雨，他们就不能去了。
● in a moment 马上，立刻；一会儿 ● in a sense 在某种意义上说
● in a way 挡道的；妨碍人的；在场 ● in a word 简言之，总之
● in accordance with 与…一致；按照，根据
in accordance with your orders 按照你的命令
● in addition 另外，加之 ● in addition to 除…之外
In addition to gene, intelligence also depends on an adequa te diet, a good education and a decent home environment.
除了遗传基因外,智力的高低还取决于良好的营养,良好的教育和良好的家庭环境。
● in advance 预先，事先；（与 of 连用）在…之前
You must pay for the book in advance. 你必须预先付书的钱。
● in all 总共，合计
● in any case / event 无论如何，不管怎样 ● in brief 简单地说
● in case 假使，以防万一
Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot.
● in charge of 负责，主管
The chief engineer was in charge of directing the building of the subway. 主任工程师负责指挥地铁的建造工程。 I was in charge of my sister. 我在照看我妹妹。
● in common 共同的，共有的 ● in consequence 因此，结果
● in consequence of 由于…的缘故 ● in debt 欠债，欠情 ● in detail 详细地
● in difficulties 处境困难 ● in due course 适当的时候
● in effect 实际上，事实上；结果一样；有效
The old system is still in effect. 旧制度仍有效。
● in fact 其实，事实上
She doesn\"t like him much — in fact I think she hates him!她不很喜欢他,事实上,我认为她恨他！
I said it was Tuesday, but in fact it was Monday. 我说那天 是星期二，实际上是星期一。
● in favor of 赞成；支持；有利于
I am in favor of stopping work now.我赞成现在停止工作。
● in front of 在…前面，面对 ● in future 今后，从今以后
● in general 一般地；大体上；通常
I like games in general, and especially football. 各种运动我一般都喜欢，尤其是足球。 I am glad to find myself in general accord with your opinio ns. 我很高兴地发现我的意见与你的看法基本一致。
● (= as a general rule) 大都；多半；一般而言
People in general like her. 大家一般都喜欢她。
● in hand 在进行中，待办理
● in honor of 向…表示敬意；为纪念…；为庆祝… ● in itself 本身；实际上 ● in line 排成一行；服从
● in line with 与…一致，按照 ● in memory of 纪念 ● in no case 决不
● in no time 立即，马上 ● in no way 决不
● in order 按顺序，处于良好状态 ● in order that 以便；以至于；结果 ● in order to 为了，以…目的
In order to catch the train, she hurried through her work..为了赶火车，她匆匆做完了她的工作。
● in other words 也就是说，换言之
In other words, when the wind is blowing at 120 kilometer s per hour, most waves will be about twelve meters. 换句话说 , 当风速为每小时 一百二十公里时大部分波浪高约为十二米。
● in part 部分地，有几分
● in particular 特别，尤其是；详细地 ● in person 亲自，本人
● in place 恰当，在适当的位置 ● in place of 代替，取代
● in proportion to 与…成比例；按比例
This door is narrow in proportion to its height. 这扇门就其高度的比例而言窄了些。
● in public 公开地；当众
I do not want to speak about it in public.我不想当众说这件事。 He\"s not used to making speeches in public; it\"s so embarr assing. 他不习惯在大庭广众中演讲,因为这太使人窘迫了。
● in question 在讨论中 ● in regard to 关于，至于
● in relation to 关于，考虑到；与…相比 ● in return 作为回报，作为报答 ● in short 简而言之，总之
● in the least 一点，丝毫，极少
● in sight 看得见；在望；临近
Peace was in sight. 和平在望。
● in spite of 不管；不顾
I went out in spite of the rain.尽管下雨我还是出去了。 In spite of great efforts we failed to carry our plans through. 尽管我们作出 巨大努力,我们还是没能完成计划。
● in step 同步；合拍；并肩 ● in step with 与…一致；协调 ● in tears 哭；流着泪
● in the course of 在…期间；在…过程中 ● in the distance 在远处 ● in the end 最后，最终
● in the event of 如果…发生；万一
In the event of rain, the game will be postponed. 要是下雨，球赛就延期。
● in (the) face of 不顾；在…面前
He succeeded in the face of great difficulties. 尽 管有巨大的困难，但他成功了。 We are powerless in the face of such forces.面对这样的势力，我们无能为力。
● in the first place 起初，本来；第一 ● in the future 将来
● in the light of 鉴于，由于，按照，根据 ● in the way 挡道的，妨碍人的；在场 ● in the world 究竟，到底 ● in time 及时
● in touch 保持联系
Let‟s keep in touch! in vain 徒劳，无效
The police tried in vain to break up the protest crowds.警察企图驱散抗议的人群,但没有成功。 All our work was in vain. 我们所有的工作都白费了。
● instead of 代替，而不是
We\"ll have tea in the garden instead of in the house. 我们将改在花园喝茶，而不在屋里喝. I will go instead of you. 我代你去.
J
● jump to a conclusion 草率决定 ● just now 刚才；现在，眼下
K
● keep an eye on 留意；照看
● keep back 阻止，阻挡；隐瞒，保留
She told us most of the story, but kept back the bit about he r uncle. I kept a few books back and gave him the rest.
● keep pace with（与…）齐步前进
The police tried to keep the crowd back from the injured m an. 警察试图挡住人群，不让他们靠近受伤的人。
He can keep nothing back from his friends.他向朋友什么也瞒不住。
The boss keeps back $50 a month towards my uniform. 老板每月扣我50美元服装费。
● keep down 控制；减少
They are taking steps to keep down the rabbit population. 他们采取步骤控制兔子的繁殖增长。
Chemicals are used for keeping insects down. The Jackson‟s tried to keep their costs down
● keep in mind 记住 ● keep off 避开；不接近
Keep off the grass! 请勿践踏草地！
My doctor has warned me to keep off sugar. 我的医生劝我别吃糖。 Keep your dog off me. 把你的狗从我这儿拿开！
Keep off oil, or else it will perish your rubber boots. 不要碰油,否则会把你的橡胶鞋弄坏的。
● keep on 继续下去；反复地做
He just kept on writing. 他正在继续写。
● keep one’s head 保持镇静 ● keep one’s word 守信用 ● keep to 遵守，信守；坚持
He always keeps to his promises.他总是说话算数的。 We kept to the roads we knew. 我们不离开我们认识的路。
● keep up 继续；保持
If this rain keeps up the garden will be ruined. 如果这雨继续下，花园就完蛋了。
The high cost of materials keeps up prices. 材料的昂贵费用使价格居高不下。 Keep your chin up! 不要气馁!;不要灰心!
● keep up with 跟上；赶上
Don\"t run — I can\"t keep up with you.别跑了，我赶不上你了。 Are wages keeping up with inflation?工资跟得上通货膨胀吗
● kind of 有点儿，有几分
She kind of hoped to be invited.她有被邀请的希望。
● knock down 撞倒，击倒；拆掉
Alex was knocked down by a bus.
Our house is being knocked down to make for a new road.
● knock out 击昏；击倒
L
● laugh at 因…而笑；嘲笑
Don\"t laugh at him.别嘲笑他。
We all laughed at his joke. 听了他的笑话我们都大笑起来。
People have often laughed at stories told by seamen. 人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。 Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。
● lay aside 把…搁置一旁，收起；积累 ● lay down 放下；拟订，规定 ● lay down the law 立法
● lay off（临时）解雇 ；休息，戒
the factory has laid off a hundred workers.
The doctor advised the managing director to lay off for a c ouple of days.医生劝总经理休息几天。 ●
lay out 设计；安排；展示
● lead the way 带路，引路 ● learn by heart 记住，背诵 ● leave alone 不打扰，听其自然
● leave behind 忘了带，不带；遗留；落后 ● leave off 停止，中断
He has left off working.
● leave out 漏掉，删掉；省略
Tom left out that part of the story.
● let alone 更不用说
He hasn\"t enough money for food, let alone amusements. 他连吃饭钱都不够，就更不用说玩儿的钱了。 The baby can‟t even walk, let alone run.
● let down 加长 放下，降低；使失望 ● let go (of)放开，松手
● let off 排放；放过；宽恕；（在…）下车
Some judges will not let young criminals off, they make th em go to prison. She let the boy off (doing) his music practice.
● let out 放走，释放；发出（声音）；泄露 ● line up 排队，排成一行
About a hundred people lined up in front of the theatre.
● little by little 一点一点地，逐渐地 ● live on 靠…生活；维持生命
the sick man lived on chicken soup for a week.
● live through 经受住；度过
Many people lived through the earthquake.
● live up to 不辜负；遵守诺言
He was a man who lived up to his promises. I hope I can live up to the expectations of my parents.
We will live up to what our parents expect of us. 我们决不辜负父母亲对我们的期望。
● look after 照顾；关心
May I look on with you?
My friend looked after my cat while I was on holiday.在我去度假的时候，我的朋友照料我的猫。
Robert\"s old enough to look after himself. 罗伯特这么大了,已经能照顾自己了。
● look at 看；观察；查阅 ● look back 回头看；回顾
From this time on, he never looked back.从此以后他便不断进步了。
After he won the first game, he never looked back. 他胜了 第一局后,就节节胜利。
● look down on / upon 轻视，看不起
Some boys usually look down on little girls and refuse to p lay with them.
● look for 寻找，寻求；期望 ● look forward to 盼望；期待
We are all looking forward to our holiday.我们都盼望着假期。
I\"m looking forward to seeing you this summer vacation我盼望今年暑假见到你。
● Look in 顺便看望；顺便拜服
I‟ll look in this evening to see how she is.
● Look into 调查，深入了解
I‟ll look into your complaint at once.
● look on 观看，旁观
The bull looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador.
这头公牛一直同情地望着醉汉,直到醉汉不见了才重新把注意力转向斗牛士。
● look out 注意
Look out, there\"s a car coming.留神，汽车过来了。 Look out! There is danger ahead.当心!前面危险。
● look over 翻阅，浏览
● look through 浏览；详细调查
Look through these photos and try to pick out the man you saw.
● look up 查阅，查出；看望
Things are looking up! 情况正在好转!
When you do not understand a word, you can look it up in this dictionary. 当你不懂一个单词时，可以查这本词典。 On my way home, I looked up an old friend of mine. 在回家的路上,我去看望了一下我的一个老朋友。
● lose heart 丧失勇气，失去信心
● lose one’s head 被砍头；丧命；慌张 ● lose one’s temper 发怒，发脾气
He lost his temper. 他发脾气了。
● lose sight of 看不见；忘记，忽略
In the heat of the argument, we mustn‟t lose sight of our m ain purpose.
M
● make a / the difference 区别对待；起重要作用；有影响 ● make for 快速走向，向…前进；促进
The ship was making straight for the rocks. The large print makes for easier reading. 大号字体便于阅读。
● make friends 交朋友 ● make fun of 嘲弄，取笑 ● make one’s way 前去；去
● make out 理解，领悟；写出；辩论
Can you make out what he‟s trying to say? He immediately sat down and made out a check/bill.
● make sense 有意义；言之有理 ● make sure 弄确实，查明
● make the best / most of 充分利用
● make up 组成，占…比例；弥补，补偿；捏造；化妆；化装
She made up her face to look prettier.她把脸化了妆以便看上去漂亮些。 The boy made up a story; it was not true.男孩编了个故事，这故事不是真的。
● make up for 弥补，补偿
This beautiful autumn makes up for the wet summer. Hurry, we must make up for lost time.
How can we make up to you for what you have suffered?我们如何补偿你所遭受的损害？
● make up of 由…组成；包含有 ● make up one’s mind 决心，决定 ● make use of 使用，利用 ● make way 让路，腾出地方 ● many a 许多， ● many a time 屡次
● may as well 还不如，不妨
There is nothing to do, so I may as well go to bed. 没什么事可做，我还是上床睡觉好了。
● 注意：+动词原形
● mix up 混合，混淆，搞乱，搞糊涂
He mixed up the addresses so that no one got the right lette rs. It\"s common to mix him up with his brother; they\"re twin brothers. 把他同他的兄弟混淆起来是常有的事,因为他俩是双胞胎。
Don\"t mix up those papers. 别把那些纸弄乱了。
If you mix up those data we shan\"t find the one we need q uickly. 要是你把这些资料弄乱,我们将无法迅速地找到需要的内容了。
● more or less 或多或少，有点儿 ● most of all 尤其是，首先
N
● neither … or 既不…也不…
He answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly. 他回答了我的问题,但是他说得又快又不清楚。
● never mind 不要紧，不要放在心里 ● next door 隔壁；接近 ● no doubt 无疑地，很可能
No doubt you would like a drink.毫无疑问你是喜欢喝一杯了。 No doubt he was just trying to help, but he\"s spoiled our w ork. 可能他只是想帮忙，但却把我们的工作给弄糟了。
● no good 不行，没有用 ● no less than 和…一样 ● no longer 不再
● no matter how (what, when, etc.)无论 ● no more 不再
● no more than 至多；同…一样不；仅仅 ● no sooner … than 一…就
I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the doorbell rang loud enough to wake the dead. 我刚走回厨房,门铃又响了,响得足以把死人吵醒。
● no wonder 难怪，不足为奇
● none other than 不是别的，正是
It\"s none other than Tom! We thought you were in Africa!是汤姆！我们以为你还在非洲！
● not only … but also 不但…而且… ● nothing but 只，只不过 ● now and then 时而，偶尔 ● now that 既然
O
● of course 当然
● off and on 断断续续地，间歇地，有时 ● off duty 下班
● on a large scale 大规模地 ● on a small scale 小规模地 ● on account of 因为，由于 ● on average 平均；通常；一般 ● on behalf of 代表，为了
I paid the money on your behalf.我替你付了钱。
Don\"t trouble to do it on my behalf.不要为了我去麻烦了。
● on board 在船（车、飞机）上 ● on business 办事；因公出差
● on condition that 如果；在…条件下 ● on duty 值班，当班
● on earth 地球上，世界上；究竟；到底 ● on foot 步行
● on guard 站岗，值班 ● on hand 在手边；临近 ● on occasion(s)有时，间或地 ● on (the) one hand 一方面 ● on one’s guard 警惕，提防 ● on one’s own 独自，独立地 ● on purpose 故意，有意
● on sale 上市，出售；减价，贱卖 ● on schedule 按时间表，准时 ● on second thoughts 经重新考虑 ● on the average 平均，通常 ● on the contrary 正相反
● on the grounds of 根据，以…为理由 ● on the other hand 另一方面 ● on the point of 即将…的时候
● on the side 作为兼职，作为副业；私下
an evening job to bring in a little money on the side.
He makes a little money on the side by not reporting all his income to the taxman.
● on the spot 在现场，当场
● on the whole 总的看来，大体上，基本上 ● on time 准时
● once again / more 再一次
● once for all 永远地，一劳永逸地 ● once in a while 偶尔，有时 ● one another 互相 ● or else 否则，要不然 ● or so 大约
● other than 除…之外，除非
There\"s nobody here other than me. 除了我这里没别人。
● out of 越出…之外；从…里面（=from）；离开；由于；没有 ● out of breath 喘不过气来，上气不接下气 ● out of date 过时的，落后的 ● out of doors 在户外
● out of order 发生故障，失调，（工作）不正常 ● out of place 不适当的，不相称 ● out of practice 久不练习，荒疏
● out of question 无疑 =beyond question ● out of sight 看不见
● out of the question 不可能的，办不到的
Their victory is out of the question: they‟ve lost too many men.
● out of touch 不联系，不接触 ● over and over 反复，再三 ● owing to 由于；因为
They could not cross the river owing to the flood. 由于洪水，他们不能过河。
Owing to the immediate danger of war, there will be an ext raordinary meeting of Parliament tonight. 由于即将发生的战争危险,今晚议会将召开特别会议。
P
● pass away 去世；死了
George‟s mother had passed away three years earlier.
● pass on 通过，传给，传递 ● pay attention to 注意
● pay back 还钱，偿还；报复
I owe you some money. Let me pay you back now. He has insulted me. I‟ll pay him back later.
I\"ll certainly pay you back for what you did to me! 你那样对待我,我一定要回敬你的! How can I pay you back for all your kindness? 你的这番好意我该怎么报答呢?
● pay off 还清(债)；得到好结果
Some families never pay their debts off. Will the Jackson‟s business pay off?
Did your plan pay off? 你的计划成功了吗？
● pick out 挑选出；辨认出
● pick up 捡起；学会；半路搭人；加快
Where did you pick up your Russian?
I don‟t have time to come to your house, but I could pick y ou up at the end of the street.
● pick up speed 加速 ● piece together 拼合
The policeman tried to piece together the facts.
● play a part in 在…中起作用 ● point out 指出，指明
● prior to 在…之前；更重要的；优先的
A prior engagement will preclude me from coming. 我因有约在先,不能来了。 I have a prior engagement and so can\"t go with you. 我预先有约会，所以不能跟你去 The contract will be signed prior to the ceremony. 合同将在仪式举行之前签字。 This task is prior to all others.这项任务比所有其他任务都重要。 I stopped playing football because my work had a prior cla im on my time. 我停止了踢足球,因为我必须优先处理我的工作。
● pull down 拆毁；降低
Half the houses in the street are being pulled down to mak e room for the new pos t office.
● pull out 拔出，抽出；（火车）离站
The circus is planning to pull out of the suburb park tomorrow morning. 马戏团计划明天上午离开城郊公园。
The peace-preserving army of the United Nations pulled o ut of the area. 联合国的维和部队撤出了那个地区。
● pull up 停下 ,停车
The driver pulled up (his car) at the gate of the school. 司 机在学校大门口停下了车 The car pulled up suddenly at the traffic lights.
● put across 解释清楚；使人接受
I\"m not putting my meaning across very well. 我未把我的 意思解释清楚。 A good speaker knows how to put his message across to hi s audience. The Beatles put that song across better than anyone else.
● put aside 放在一边；储存；保留
He puts aside $100 a month to pay for his summer holiday.
The young lovers have been trying to put some money asid e for their marriage cer emony. 年青的恋人一直努力存钱以备举行婚礼时用。
He has a little money put aside for a rainy day. 他积蓄了一点钱以备不时之需。 The manager had to put his work aside for a time for an ur gent accident. 经理不得不暂时搁下手头的工作去处理一件紧急事故。
● put away 放好；收好
Fred generally puts his tools away.
The boy put the food away in the cupboard after he finishe d his dinner. 小男孩吃完晚饭后把食品在橱里放好。
● put down 写下；记下；镇压
Put down his phone number before you forget it. Troops were used to put down the rebellions.
\"Put it down to my account, please.\"“请把它记在我的帐上”
● put forward 提出；推荐；把…提前
The older members of the committee put forward a suggest ion. May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee? The warm weather has put the crops forward by a month. Put the clocks forward. 将钟拨快。
In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an Englishman, William Low.
1860年,一个名叫威廉.娄的英国人提出了一项更好的计划。
Shall we put Mr. Wellington forward as the candidate for c hairman of the committee? 我们提名惠灵顿先生作为委员会主席的候选人,好吗?
● put in 伸进；提出；提交；申请，请求
If the goods were damaged in the post, you can put in a cla im to the post office . 如果货物在邮递途中遭到损坏,你可向邮局索赔.
● put in for 申请；正式要求
They\"ve put in for more money for the building of the new highway. 他们已为这条新公路的建设申请要更多的钱了。
● put into effect 实行；执行
● put into operation 实施，使生效，使运行 ● put off 延期；推迟；关掉；阻止，妨碍
Don\"t put off until tomorrow what can be done today. 今日可做的事不要拖到明天。 There\"s an hour to put in before we set off.我们还得待一小时才出发。 The monitor\"s thinking things over; nobody should do any thing to put him off. 班长正在细细考虑,任何人都不要使他分心。
● put on 穿上；戴上；上演；增加（体重）
He put his coat on. 他穿上外衣。
The workers on the construction site should put on their sa fety helmets before starting to work. 建筑工地上的工人在开始工作以前都必须戴上安全帽。 The students usually put on a play at the end of the year.
So many people wanted to go to the match that another trai n had to be put on. 要去观看比赛的人那么多,只好增开一列火车。
● put on speed 增加速度
The old gentleman likes to put grease on his hair to make it shiny. 老先生喜欢喜欢给头发擦上发膏使它光亮。
● put out 熄灭；关灯；生产出，出版
Please put out the light before you go to bed. 上床之前请把灯关掉. Put the fire out.
The company puts out 13 new machines every month.
● put to use 使用，利用
● put up 举起；修建；提供 ● to put up a tent 架起帐篷
Put your hands up!
We can put up ten people for the night at a pinch. 必要时我们可以留宿十个人。 The plans for the new theatre are all prepared, but who will put up the money? They put up a shed in the garden to keep tools in.
● put up with 忍受；容忍
I don‟t like this noise, but I suppose we must put up with it. I can\"t put up with your hypocrisy any more. 我再也不能 容忍你的虚伪态度了。 That woman, as a housewife, has a lot to put up with. 那个女人是个家庭主妇不得不忍受许多烦恼。
Q
● qualify for 使合格；使具有资格
Do you qualify for the vote? 你有投票资格吗？ I hope to qualify as a doctor.我希望取得医生资格。
A degree in English does not qualify you to teach English.你的英语程度教书不够格。
● quite a few 不少，相当多的
R
● rather than 而不是；与其说是…不如说是… ● refer to 把…提交；参考，查阅；提到
The shop referred the complaint (back) to the makers of th e article. If you don‟t know what this means, refer to the dictionary. Don‟t refer your sister as a silly cow!
● 注意：refer to … as 把…称作，当作
Keats is referring to epic poetry when he mentions Homer\"s \"proud demesne\". 当济慈提到荷马的\"骄傲的领域\"时,他指的是史诗。
● refer to … as 把…称作，把…当作 ● regardless of 不管，不顾
● right away 立即，立刻，马上 ● right now 立刻 ● ring off 挂断电话
● ring up 打电话
I rang (up) Peter to see if he could come to dinner. 我给彼得打电话问他是否能来吃饭。
● run across 偶然遇到 ● run down（被）耗尽；（健康）衰退；撞倒；诽谤；减 少
She is jealous of your success, that‟s why she always running you down. The battery has run down.
The coal industry is being run down.煤矿工业正逐步停产.
● run into 偶然遇到；碰上（困难）；与…相撞
Who else ran into Susan?
The car skidded and ran into a lamppost.车子打滑，撞上了灯柱。
● run out (of)（常与 of 连用）用光；耗尽
Though they are running out of food and drink, the men ar e cheerful and confident that they will get out soon. 他们虽然已经水尽粮绝,但情绪都很好,并且深信他们很快就会出来的。
● run over 匆匆地看一遍；浏览；（车）碾过
He was run over by a bus.
● run through 浏览，匆匆读完
S
● see off 为某人送行
● see through 识破，看透
Nobody saw through his disguise.没有人识破他的伪装。
● see to 留心，照料，注意
You ought to have your eyes seen to by a doctor. If you can provide the wine, I can see to the food.
● set off 动身出发；引起
● see to it that 设法使，务必要，保证
See to it that there is enough money.
When you start the engine, you must see to it that the car is in neutral. 开发动机时,一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置。
● send for 派人去请 ● send in 呈送，提交
● send off 送别；发送，邮寄
● set about 开始做，着手
● set apart 使分离；使显得突出 ● set aside 留出；拨出；不理会
set aside a little time/money each week
Setting aside my wishes in the matter, what would you real ly like to do? to set aside a verdict 取消一项判决
● set back 推迟，阻碍；使花费
This hold-up will set us back half an hour. This suit set me back about $75.
● set down 记下，写下
I have set down everything that happened, as I remember it. How shall I set myself down in the hotel register? 在旅馆的登记簿上，我应如何写自己的身份呢？
● set fire to 点燃，纵火 ● set free 释放
set off in search of the lost child
The discovery of gold in California set off a rush to get the re.
One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat an d was caught in a storm. 一天下午,她乘坐小船从海岸出发,遇到了一场暴风雨。
The children set off for school. The news set off a rush of activity. 这消息令人蜂拥而动。
● set out 动身出发；开始；陈述
He set out to paint the whole house but finished only the fr ont part. The reasons for my decision are set out in my report.
● 注意：set off, set out 这两个短语动词都有“出发”和“动身”的意 思，都可以解释为
start to move 或 begin a journey。然而 set off 的原义是使爆炸(cause to explode) The slightest spark can set off the explosives stored here. 一点点火星就能够使储存这里的火药爆炸。
By now, a rocket will have set off on its 35 million mile tri p to Mars… 到现在那只火箭已经出发踏上飞往火星的 3,500 万英里 的旅程了。 After making a shortest fight at 4:15 a.m., Bleriot set off h alf an hour later. 早上4点15分开始进行了短时间的试飞，半小时后布莱理奥特动身了。 set out的原义是着手做(begin work with the intention of achieving a particular ai m). When I really set out to take care of somebody, I usually d o the job properly. 当我真要照顾某人时，我一般是会把此工作做好的。
She is going to set out from the French coast at five o\"cloc k in the morning . 她准备早上五点钟从法国海岸出发。
● 注 ：set out在用来表示“着手做”(begin with a definite purpose)时后面跟动词不定式。
The journalist immediately set out to obtain these importan t facts, but he took a long time to send them. 那位新闻记者立即着手去获得这些重要资料,但是他把这些资料寄来却用了很长时间。
● set up 建立，创立；引起
A new government was set up after the war.
The high winds set up some dangerous driving conditions.
● settle down 定居；安下心来
I must settle down this morning and do the cleaning.
● shake off 摆脱；甩掉
● show off 醒目；炫耀；卖弄，出风头
The white dress showed off her dark shin. He showed off his success before us.
● show up 出现 ；露面；暴露
The cracks in the wall show up in the sunlight. Did everyone you invited show up?
● side by side 肩并肩；一起；同时 ● so as to 以便；以至
● so far 到目前为止，迄今 ● so that 以便；结果是
● something of 在某种程度上；有点儿 ● sooner or later 迟早
● stand by 支持；遵守诺言；袖手旁观
I‟ll always stand by you.
How can we stand by and watch the country go to ruin? to stand by one\"s promise stand for 代表；支持；容忍
● stand out 明显；突出；杰出
The road sign is easy to read: the words stand out well.
Among mystery writers, Agatha Christie stood out as a real master. She stood out from the crowd because her height and her fl aming red hair.
● stand up 站起来；（论点、证据等）站得住脚
The charges you‟ve made would never stand up in court.
● stand up for 拥护；支持
be ready to stand up for truth.
● stand up to 经受得住；勇敢地面对
stand up to the strong enemy
Children toys must stand up to much knocking about.
● step by step 逐步地
● step up 加快；增加；逐步提高
Production is slowing down. We must step it up.
● stick to 坚持；忠于，紧跟；粘贴在…上
“I won‟t give up,” George said , ”I‟ll stick to this business.”
● to stick to one’s promise 忠于诺言 ● such as 例如，诸如
Don\"t be in such a hurry. 不要如此匆忙。
The director of the village mill with such enthusiasm as if he never knew fatigue. 那位村办小厂的厂长工作热情这么高,好象从不知道疲 倦似的。
● sum up 概括；总结 ● switch off 关掉，转换 ● switch on 开启
T
● take a chance 冒险，投机
● take advantage of 利用，趁…之机 ● take after 与…相象
She takes after her mother. 她长得像她妈妈。
● take apart / to piece 拆卸（及其）
● take away 拿走；使离开；消除（病痛等 ● take care 当心，谨慎
● take care of 照顾，照料；承担 ● take charge of 负责接管 ● take down 记下来；拆掉
to take down a dangerous bridge
● take effect 生效，起作用 ● take for (错)当作；(误)以为
I took you for Mr. Brown when I saw you this morning.
● take for granted 想当然，以为…理所当然
We must not take it for granted that the board of the direct ors will approve of the investment plan. 我们决不可想当然地认为董事会一定会批准这个投资计划的。
● take in 吸收，接收；领会；欺骗
It took me a long time to take in what you were saying. My mother was taken in by the thief.
The kind old lady offered to take in the poor homeless stra nger. to take in a doctrine 了解一种主义
● take into account 考虑进去，考虑到 ● take off 起飞；匆匆离去；脱下
Take off your clothes; they\"re very wet.脱掉你的衣服，衣服湿透了。 The plane took off at three o\"clock.飞机三点钟起飞了。
The nursery teacher often leads her children to watch aircr aft take off or land. 幼儿园教师经常带领孩子们去看飞机起飞或降落。
● take on 呈现；采纳；承担，从事
These insects can take on the color of their surroundings. My doctor says I‟m too tired and has advised me not to tak e any more work on.
● take one’s time 不要着急，慢慢地做 ● take over 接收，接管，取代 ● take pains 尽力，煞费苦心 ● take part in 参加，参与
● take place 发生，进行，举行 ● take the place of 代替，取代 ● take to 喜欢；养成…的习惯
Jean took to Paul as soon as they met. John‟s taken to drinking too much lately He took to drink. The new headmaster took to George immediately.
● take turns 依次，轮流
● take up 占去，占据；开始；从事
He has a very small room and most of the space is taken u p by a grand piano. You need exercise. Why don‟t you take up tennis? He took up art while at school. 他在学校时开始对艺术感到兴趣。
● take … for 当作；误认为
● thanks to（与 to 连用） 由于；多亏
It was thanks to your stupidity that we lost the game. 由于你的愚蠢，我们输掉了这场比赛。 It was thanks to John that we won the game. 多亏约翰，我们才赢了这场比赛。
● that is 即
● that is to say 换言之
● the moment (that)一…就… ● the same … as 与…一致
● think better of 改变主 意， 重新考虑后 决定不做、
I was going to ask a question but thought better of (doing) it.
● think of 想起；考虑；关心
● think of … as 把…看作是，以为…是 ● think over 仔细考虑
● throw away 扔掉，抛弃；浪费
You throw away the chance of a good job by your stupidity. The child always throws away his old clothes.
● throw light on / upon sth. 阐明某事，使人了解某事 ● touch on 谈到，涉及到；触及
One speaker touched on the subject of women‟s right.
● try on 试穿
● try out 试验，试用
● up and down 来回；上下
● turn down 关小；调低；拒绝
Please turn the television down a bit. 请把电视机音量关小点。 to turn down the gas 关小煤气
He turned down some offers that seemed unreasonable.
● turn off 关上；转弯；解雇；生产
He turned off into a side street.
● turn out 关上；生产；制造；结果是
That creamery turns out two hundred tons of butter a week. All went well. Everything turned out perfectly.
We are to turn out 100,000 computers next year to meet th e market requirements. 我们计划明年生产十万台 586 计算机以满足市场需要。
● turn over 翻转；交付；反复考虑
The executives decided to turn over the company to Mr. Ja nson.
● turn to 求助于，转向
Who can I turn to in my hour of need?
● turn up 出现；开大
The missing bag turned up, completely empty, in the lake.
U
● under control 在…控制之下
● under the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此 ● under way 在进行中；在航行中
His eyes moved up and down the rows. 他的眼睛对着一排排人转来转去。
Window cleaners are pulled up and down tall buildings on cradles. 高层建筑的擦窗工人在工作平台上被吊上吊下。
● up to 直到，高到；达到；取决于
up to 10 men can sleep in this tent.
Everyone works, from the boy who sweeps the floor up to the President.
Up to now, Mr. Scott has sent a great many requests for sp are parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other. 到目前为止,斯科特先生从一个汽车修理部向另一个汽车修理部发送了大量索取备件的信件和其他紧急函件。 It‟s up to you whether you decide to take the job.
● up to date 现代化的，切合目前情况的
It was a modern factory - everything was really up to date. 这是一个现代化的工厂──一切都是最新式的。 I like wearing up-to-date clothes.我喜欢穿时新的衣服。
I keep up to date with the news by listening to radio. 我通过听收音机了解最新消息 。
● use up 用光，用尽；筋疲力尽
V
● vice verse 反过来也一样 ● vote down 否决 ● vote for 投票赞成 ● vote on 就…表决
W
● walks of life 各行各业
● warm up 作准备活动；热身
to warm up for a concert 音乐会前练唱
● wash up 洗（餐具）；洗手洗脸 ● watch out for 当心，提防 ● wear off 逐渐消逝
The pain is wearing off.
● wear out 用破；磨损；使筋疲力尽
The shoes are worn out. The long walk wore Helen out. I wear out quickly.
● what about 怎么样
● what if 如果…将会怎样 ● whether … or 是…还是…
● wind up 上发条；使紧张，兴奋；结束
be wound up into a high pitch of excitement 变得极度兴奋 The speaker wound up by making us all laugh.
The company has gone bankrupt and will now be wound u p. to wind up a company 结束公司的业务
● with regard to 关于
● with respect to 关于，至于
with respect to the recent flood 谈到最近的洪水
● with the exception of 除…之外 ● word for word 逐字地
● work at 钻研；从事于，致力于 ● work out 解决；想出，制定出
● would rather … than 宁可…也不；宁愿
Which would you rather do, go to cinema or stay at home?你是去看电影还是待在家里？ Would rather die than surrender.宁死不投降。
● write off 取消；注销；勾销
to write off a debt 勾销债务
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