高英汇总

Translation in Text

1. (Para 4, Line 1-2) Even semantics conspired to make that which is black seem ugly and degrading .

连语义学都合谋把一切凡有“黑”字的东西说成是丑的、卑劣的。 2. (Para 4, Line 5) A white lie is better than a black lie. 一个无关紧要的谎言总比一个恶意的谎言要好。

3. (Para 4, Line 5-6) The most degenerate member of a family is a “black sheep”.

家中最为其他成员所不齿的人是“黑羊”，即败家子。

4. （Para 5, Line 3-4）To upset this cultural homicide, the Negro must rise up with an affirmation of his own Olympian manhood.

为了挫败这种蓄意培植的低人一等的心态，黑人必须直起腰来宣布自己高贵的人格。

5. （Para 5, Line 7）the long night of physical slavery. 肉体奴役的漫漫长夜

6. （Para 5, Line 11-12）And with a spirit straining toward true self-esteem, the Negro must boldly throw off the manacles of self-abnegation.

黑人必须以一种竭尽全力自尊自重的精神，大胆抛弃自我克制的枷锁。

7. （Para 5, Line 17-18）…this self-affirmation is the black man‟s need,

1

made compelling by the white man‟s crimes against them.

黑人需要这种自我肯定，而白人对黑人所犯下的的罪行使这种自我肯定更显必要。

8. （Para 6, Line 5-7）Stripped of the right to make decisions concerning his life and destiny he has been subject to the authoritarian and sometimes whimsical decisions of this white power structure. 被剥夺了决定自己生活和命运的权利，他只能听任这个白人权利机构所作出的决定摆布。这些决定是专断的，有时甚至是反复无常的。

9. （Para 8, Line 5-8）What is needed is a realization that power without love is reckless and abusive, and love without power is sentimental and anemic. Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love

必须懂得没有爱的权力是毫无节制、易被滥用的，而没有权力的爱则是多愁善感、苍白无力的。最理想的权利是实现公正所需的爱，最理想的公正是改正任何阻挠爱的权利。

10. (Para 9, Line 2-4) It is precisely this collision…of our times. 正是这种邪恶的权力与毫无权力的道义的冲突构成了我们时代的主要危机。

11. （Para 10, Line 2-3）Now, early in this century this proposal would have been greeted with ridicule and denunciation, as destructive and

2

responsibility.

在本世纪之初，这种建议会受到嘲笑和谴责，认为它对主动性和责任感起负面作用。

12. （Para 10, Line 6-7）We‟ve come a long way in our understanding of human motivation and of the operation of our economic system. 在对人的动机的理解和对我们的经济体制的盲目无序运作的了解上，我们已经取得了很大的进展。

13. （Para 10, Line 7-9）Now, we realize that dislocations in the market operations of our economy and the prevalence of discrimination thrust people into idleness and bind them in constant frequent unemployment against their will.

我们现在懂得，我们经济的市场运作混乱、歧视盛行，迫使人们无事可做并违背他们的意愿，使他们长期失业或不断失业。 14. (Para 11, Line 4-5)New forms of work that enhance the social good will have to be devised for those for whom traditional jobs are not available.

有必要为那些找不到传统工作的人创造一些新的，对社会有益的就业岗位。

15. (Para 12, Line 1-3) The fact is that the work which improves the condition of mankind, the work which extends knowledge and increases power and enriches literature and elevates thought, is not done to secure a living.

3

事实上，人们从事改善人类环境的工作，从事传播知识、增强实力、丰富文学财富以及升华思想的工作并不是为了谋生。 16. (Para 12, Line 3-6 ) It is not the work of slaves driven to their tasks either by the task, by the taskmasters, or by animal necessity. 奴隶做工要么是迫于任务本身，或迫于工头，要么就是出于动物的本能生存需求。

17. It is the work of man who somehow find a form of work that brings a security for its own sake and a state of society where want is abolished.

而人类通过某种途径找到某种形式的工作，这种工作的本身能为人们带来生活保障，并创造了一种消除了匮乏的社会形态。 18. (Para 17, Line 5-6）…a few water-sprinklers…of the ghettos. 在街上增加一点喷水设施，使得贫民窟的孩子可以在天热时喝上几口凉水，或浇一下身子凉快一下。

19. (Para 17, Line 16-18) Furthermore, few if any violent revolutions have been successful unless the violent minority had the sympathy and support of the nonresistant majority.

除非主张暴力的少数人得到大多数人的同情与支持，不和他们对抗，否则，暴力革命很少或者说几乎没有成功的。

19.（Para 18, Line 3-4）This is no time romantic illusions and empty philosophical debates about freedom. This is a time for action.

现在不是进行浪漫幻想和对自由进行空洞的哲学辩论的时候。现

4

在是行动的时候。

20.（Para 19, Line 8）Darkness cannot put out darkness. Only light can do that.

黑暗无法驱走黑暗。只有光明才能驱走黑暗。 21.（Para 25, Line 7-8）the junk heaps of history 历史的垃圾堆

22. (Para 27, Line 2-3) It will give us tired feet new strength as we continue our forward stride toward the city of freedom.

这种信念赋予我们疲惫不堪的双脚以新的力量，使我们能够在迈向自由之城的征途上继续前进。

23. (Para 27, Line 3-7) When our days dreary with low-hovering clouds of despair, and when our nights become darker than a thousand midnights, let us remember that there is a creative force in this universe, working to pull down the gigantic mountains of evil, a power that is able to make a way our of no way and transform dark yesterday into bright tomorrow. 当每一个白天我们的上空布满了绝望的阴云, 每一个夜晚笼罩着忧郁的黑暗宛如一千个漫漫的长夜,让我们记住浩瀚无垠的宇宙中有一种硕大无比的力量,能够摧毁邪恶的高山,有一种神奇的力量能使我们够绝处逢生,柳暗花明，把黑暗的昨天变成光辉灿烂的明天。

24. (Para 27, Line 7-8) Let us realize the arc of the moral universe is long but it bends toward justice.

5

我们要懂得道义犹如划破长空的长虹，它终将落向正义的方向。 Key to Explanation

1. It is no easy job to educate a people who have been told over centuries that they are inferior and no importance to see that they are humans, the same as any other people.

2. If you break the mental shackles imposed on you by white supremacists, if you really respect yourself, thinking that you are a Man, equal to anyone else, you will be able to take part in the struggle against racial discrimination.

3. The liberation of mind can only be achieved by the Negro himself/herself. Only when he/she is fully convinced that he/she is a Man/Woman and is not inferior to anyone else, can he/she throw off the manacles of self-abnegation and become free.

4. Power in the best form of function is the carrying out of the demands of justice with love and justice in the best form of function is the overcoming of everything standing in the way of love with power. 5. At that time, the way to evaluate how capable and resourceful a person was to see how much money he had made (or how wealthy he was). 6. A person was poor because he was lazy and not hard-working and lacked a sense of right and wrong.

7. This kind of work cannot be done by slaves who work because the work has to be done, because they are forced to work by slave-drivers

6

or because they need to work in order to be fed and clothed.

8. …when the unfair practice of judging human value by the amount of money a person has is done away with.

9. Those who harbor hate in their hearts cannot grasp the teachings of God. Only those who have love can enjoy the ultimate happiness in Heaven.

10. Let us be dissatisfied until America no longer only talk about racial equality but is unwilling or reluctant to take action to end such evil practice as racial discrimination. Key to Translation

1. 一个无关紧要的谎言总比一个恶意的谎言要好。

2. 为了挫败这种文化封杀，黑人必须直起腰来宣布自己高贵的人格。 3. 黑人必须要具有竭尽全力自尊自重的精神，大胆抛弃自暴自弃的枷锁。

4. 必须懂得没有爱的权力是毫无节制、易被滥用的，而没有权力的爱则是多愁善感、苍白无力的。

5. 正是这种邪恶的权力与毫无权力的道义的冲突构成了我们时代的主要危机。

6. 在本世纪之初，这种建议会受到嘲笑和谴责，认为它对创造性和责任感起负面作用。

7. 事实上，人们从事改善人类环境的工作，从事传播知识、增强实力、丰富文学财富以及升华思想的工作并不是为了谋生。

7

8. …它能够花费几十亿美元帮助上帝的孩子自立于这个世界。 9. 除非主张暴力的少数人得到大多数人的同情与支持，不和他们对抗，否则，暴力革命很少或者说几乎没有成功的。

10. 我们要懂得道义犹如划破长空的长虹，当它终将落向正义的方向。

Difficult sentences in the text

1. (Para 6, L 1-2) a beauty training school. 美容培训班

2．（Para 1, L-3）You could buy a house with almost no money down.（with no down payment.） 你可以不用现金买房子。

3. (Para 6, L 4) an uneven mass of crinkly black fuzz 一团乱蓬蓬的黑色小卷毛

4.（para 9, L 4—L6）I was like the a Christ child lifted out of the straw manger, crying with holy indignity,(with no dignity) I was Cinderella stepping from her pumpkin carriage with sparkly cartoon music filing the air.

时而我像圣婴耶稣基督从马槽中被抱出来，像凡夫俗子一样啼哭着降临人世；时而我是灰姑娘，伴随着活泼的卡通音乐走下金色的马车（南瓜变成了马车）。 5.(Para 10, L 2) beyond reproach

8

无可指摘，完美无缺

6. (Para 16, L 1) multiplying numbers in my head。 心算乘法

7. (Para 16, L 1-2) finding the queen of hearts in a deck of cards 在一副纸牌中找出红桃皇后来

8. (Para 16, L 2) to stand on my head without using my hands 不用手扶地的倒立

9. (para 17.L - 2) “Now Jehoshaphat had riches and honour in abundance and … that‟s all I remember, Ma” I said.

（约瑟夫继承他父亲亚撒作王；他发愤图强，对抗以色列。）… …所以他非常富有，并且很受人尊敬。

10.(Para 18, L.2) I hate the tests, the raised hopes and failed expectations. 我恨那些测试，那些过高的期望和达不到/不可企及的期盼。 11.(Para 21, L 3) … the TV was old and the sound kept shorting our shorting out. ( breaking short; sound or pictures on and off now and then).短路

那是台旧电视机，声音总是断断续续，时有时无。

12.(Para 21, L 6-7) It was like a stiff embraceless dance between her and the TV set.

她和电视机好像上演了一段舞蹈，二者不相拥抱，动作僵硬。 13.(Para 22) She seemed entranced by the music, a little frenzied (crazy) piano piece with this mesmerizing (attractive) quality, sort of quick

9

passages and then teasing lilting (light and live)ones before it returned to the quick playful parts.

她似乎被这音乐吸引住了。这钢琴曲不长，但有点狂乱，有着迷人的特点，乐曲一开始节奏较快，接着是欢快跳跃的节拍，然后又回到嬉戏的部分。

14.(Para 24, L 4-5) the fluffy( as soft as down) shirt of her white dress cascaded（fell to the floor） slowly like the petals of a large carnation. 她那白色蓬松的裙子慢慢地垂落到地上，好似一大朵康乃馨。 15. (Para 33, L 1-2) If she had as much talent as she has temper, she would be famous now.

如果她的才气和脾气一样大的话，她早就出名了。

16. (Para 34, L 2) tapping his fingers to the silent music of an invisible orchestra

用手指随着一支无形乐团的无声音乐打着拍子

17. (Para 38, L 4) keep time ( keep the right rhythm and speed ) 保持（正确的）节奏 18. (Para 47, L 1-2) a talent show 才艺表演

19. (Para 47, L 3-4) It was the showpiece of our living room. 这是我家起居室的惟一摆设（陈列品）。 20. (Para 48, L 3) repeat part 复奏（复唱）部分

10

21. (Para 49) The part I like to practice best was the fancy curtsy: right foot out, touch the rose on the carpet with a pointed foot, sweep to the side, left leg bends, look up and smile.

我最喜欢练习的部分是花哨的谢幕行礼动作：先出右脚，脚尖点在地毯上的玫瑰图案上，身子侧摆，左腿弯曲，抬头，微笑。 22. (Para 50, L 4-7) They recited simple nursery rhymes, squawked out (making or uttering a harsh scream) tunes on miniature violins, twirled Hula Hoops, pranced (danced or jumped gaily ) in pink ballet tutus, and when they bowed or curtsied ,the audience would sign in unison “Awww,” and then clap enthusiastically.

他们背诵简单的童谣，用微型小提琴拉出又响又粗的调子，跳呼啦圈舞，穿着粉色的芭蕾舞短裙蹦蹦跳跳。当他们鞠躬行礼时观众同声发出“哇，哇”的赞叹，然后热烈地鼓掌。

23. (Para 51, L 5) stiff-lipped smile (embarrassed/awkward smile ). 尴尬、不自然的笑容

24. (Para 52, L 4-6) A chill started at the top of my head and began to trickle down (move slowly). Yet I couldn‟t stop playing, as though my hands were bewitched (under a spell). I kept thinking my fingers would adjust themselves, like a train switching to the right track. 一股凉寒气从头顶袭来，然后慢慢地传遍全身。但我却不能停止演奏，双手好像着了魔似的。我不停地想，我的手指会调整好，就像火车会被扳倒回正确的轨道上。

11

25. (Para 55, L.5) honorable mention 荣誉奖(鼓励奖)

26. (Para 55, L 6) a tricky （technique-orientated）violin song 技巧性很强的小提琴曲.

27. (Para 70, L 1-2) She was frighteningly strong. 她的力气大得惊人。

28. (Para 72) Only two kinds of daughters. Those who are obedient and those who follow their own mind (do things independently )! Only one kind of daughter can live in this house, obedient daughter.

只有两种女儿：顺从听话的和自行其事的。这个家里只能有顺从听话的女儿。

28．（Para 73 L-2-3）It felt like worms and toads (nasty thoughts)and slimy(covered with a thick slippery substance that looks or smells unpleasant) things crawling out of my chest, but it also felt good, as if this awful side of me had surfaced at last.

我感到好像有蠕虫，蟾蜍或别的泥乎乎地东西从我的胸膛里爬出，但同时我又感到畅快，好像我那可怕的一面最终得以显露出来。

29. (Para 76, L1-3)…and her face went blank(turned pale), her mouth closed， and she backed(stepped backwards) our of the room, stunned, as if she were blowing away like a small brown leaf, thin, brittle, lifeless.

12

她脸色苍白，嘴唇紧闭，双臂无力地垂下。她退出了房间，神色惊异，宛如一片枯黄的树叶随风而逝，那般地单薄、那般地脆弱无力、毫无生气。

30. (Para 93, L 1-4) And for the first time, or so it seemed, I noticed the piece on the right-hand side, It was called “Perfectly Contented ”.I tried to play this one well. It had a lighter melody but the same rhythm and turned out to be quite easy. “Pleading Child” was shorter but slower; “Perfectly Contented” was longer, but faster. And after I played them both a few times, I realized they were two halves of the same song.

第一次，似乎感觉是第一次，我注意到右手边的乐曲。它的名称是“心满意足”。我也试着弹这首曲子。它的曲调比较轻松，但节奏同样流畅，不是很难。“祈求的孩子”较短、较慢，而“心满意足”更长、更快一些。把两个曲子弹了几遍后我才意识到，他们原来是同一首乐曲的两个乐章。

Key to Explanation

1. I imagined myself as different types of prodigy, trying to find out which one suited me the best.

2. I had new thoughts, which were filled with a strong spirit disobedience and rebellion.

3. The girl was Shirley Temple-like, slightly rude but in an amusing way.

13

4. When I said those words, I felt that some very nasty thoughts had got out of my chest, and so I felt sacred. But at the same time I felt good, relieved, because those nasty things had been suppressed in my heart for some time and they had got out at last.

5. I could feel that her anger had reached the point where her self-control would collapse, and I wanted to see what my mother would do when she lost complete control of herself.

6. When the lid to the piano was closed, it shut out the dust and also put an end to my misery and her dreams. Key to Translation

1. 我的头发没有做出我要的大花卷，而是给我弄成一头乱蓬蓬的黑色小卷毛。

2. 在她告诉我答案前，她对了对手中的杂志，看看赫尔辛基是否能这样发音。

3. 她似乎被这音乐吸引住了。这首钢琴曲不长，但有点狂放，有着迷人的特点，乐曲一开始是快节奏的，接着是欢快跳动的节拍，然后又回到嬉戏的部分。

4. 如果她的才气和脾气一样大的话，她早就出名了。

5. 我最喜欢练习的部分是花哨的谢幕行礼动作：先出右脚，脚尖点在地毯撒谎上的玫瑰图案上，身子侧摆，左腿弯曲，抬头，微笑。 6. 一股凉气从头顶开始，然后慢慢地传遍全身。但我却不能停止演奏，双手好像着了魔似的。我不停地想，我的手指会调整好，就

14

像火车会被扳倒正确的轨道上。

7．她脸色苍白，嘴唇紧闭，双臂无力地垂下。她退出了房间，神色

惊异，宛如一片枯黄的树叶随风而逝，那般地单薄、那般地脆弱无力、毫无生气。

8． 第一次，或好像感觉是第一次，我注意到右边的乐曲。它的名称

是“心满意足”。我也试着弹这首曲子。它的曲调比较轻松，但节奏同样流畅，不是很难。“祈求的孩子”较短、较慢，而“心满意足”更长、更快一些。把两个曲子弹了几遍后我才意识到，他们原来是同一首乐曲的两个乐章。

Lesson Three Goods Move. People Move. Ideas Move.

And Cultures Change

商品流通、人口流动、观念转变、文化变迁 Difficult sentences in the text:

1. (Para 1, L 1-3) Today we are in the throes a worldwide reformation of cultures, a tectonic shift of habits and dreams, in the curious vocabulary of social scientists,＂globalization＂.

今天我们正在经历着一种世界范围内文化巨变的阵痛，一种传统习俗与追求梦想发生剧烈碰撞而产生的变化，用社会科学家新奇的词汇来称呼这种变化，就叫“全球化”。

2. (Para 2, L 6-7) Telegraph…between individuals and the wider world.

电报、电话、收音机和电视把个人和外部世界更紧密地连在一起，这种联系更为复杂、不那么直接也不易察觉。

15

3. (Para 4, L 5-8) Whatever their backgrounds or agendas, these critics are convinced that Western___ often equated with American __influences will flatten (smooth) cultural crease (fold/features), producing, as observer terms it, one big “Mcworld”.

不管他们的背景和纲领如何，这些对全球化持反对态度的人深信西方的影响—往往等同于美国的影响—会把所有文化上的差异一一压平，就像一位观察家所说的，最终产生一个麦当劳世界，一个充满美国货和体现美国价值观的世界。

4. (Para 5, L 1) popular factions sprout to exploit (develop to take advantage of )national anxieties. (Political groups with broad support have come into being to take advantage of existing worries and uneasiness among the people about foreign “culture assault” ).

得到公众广泛支持的派别不断散布他们的观点，从而激起和利用人民群众对“外国文化侵略”的仇夷恐夷的民族情绪。 5. (Para 5, L 5) …suggesting that Hollywood be burned. …建议把进口的好莱坞大片烧掉。

6. (para 7, L1-2) Westernization, I discovered over months of study and travel, is a phenomenon shot through with (interspersed with) inconsistencies and populated by very strange bedfellows.( held by people of different backgrounds and views).

经过几个月的研究和旅游，我发现西方化是一个充满自相矛盾的现象，人们对此莫衷一是，见仁见智。

16

7. (Para 7, L 5-7) Yet they make no mention of some less salubrious (healthful) aspects of Western culture, such as cigarettes and automobiles, which, even as they are being eagerly adopted in the developing world , are having disastrous effects.

然而他们不提西方文化中不那么健康的一面，譬如香烟和汽车，就在发展中世界急切地接纳这些东西时，它们已带来很坏的后果。 8. (Para 7, L 7-8) Apparently westernization is not a straight road to hell, nor to paradise either.

很显然，西方化的道路既不会把我们带入地狱，也不会直通天堂。 9. (Para 8, L 1-2）But I also discovered that cultures are as resourceful,(ingenious) resilient (buoyant/flexible), and unpredictable ( unknown in advance) as the people who compose them.

不过我也发现文化就如构成文化的民族一样，善于随机应变，富有弹性而且不可预测。

10. （Para 8, L 2-3）In Los Angeles the ostensible（apparent） fountainhead of world degradation, I saw more diversity than I could ever have supposed __at Hollywood High School the students body (group of people)represents 32 different languages.

在洛杉矶，世界文化堕落的明显的源头, 我看到的差异要比我想象的多——，在好莱坞高中学生说32种完全不同的语言。… 11. （Para 8, L 8-9）McDonald‟s serves…orthodox Hindu.

麦当劳供应的是羊肉而不是牛肉，而且提供一份素食的菜单，

17

连最正统的印度教徒也能接受。 12. (Para 9, L 8) cool hunter. 猎酷者

13. (Para 10, L 3-4) She has shoulder-length brown hair and is wearing a knee-length brocade skirt.

她留着棕色的披肩发，穿着一条长及膝盖的织锦短裙。 14. (Para 11, L 1-2) We go to a smallish 50s-style seedy pocket (shabby, narrow plot/area) east of Hollywood that has just become trendy.

我们去了一家比较小的，具有50年代风格的餐馆。这家餐馆位于好莱坞东面一个比较破落的区域，这个区域刚刚时髦起来。 15. (Para 13, L 1-2) It‟s really hard to be original these days, so the easiest way to come up with new stuff is to mix things that already exist.

近来，创新极为困难。因此，最简单可行的办法就是把现存的东西拼凑在一起，拿出一个新玩意儿来。

16. (Para 15, L 1-2) His glowing computer screen showed a game already in progress (is being played) with several habitual partners:

他那亮着的计算机屏幕表明麻将已经搓起来了，其他几个参加者都是老牌友…

17. (Para 19, L 1) At least it was night where I was. 至少我所在的地方是晚上。

18. (Para 19, L 2-3) He…was up (stay up late)in the cyber sphere far above the level of time zones.

18

他在网络世界活动，这种活动超越时区。

19. (Para 20, L 1) If it seems that life in the West has become a fast-forward blur ( moved so fast that the outlines become vague in sight), consider China（taking China into account）.

如果说西方的生活太超前了，已经看不清轮廓了，那么就看看中国。

1.

(Para 20, L 6-7) Cosmopolitan, plunging necklines and all (

A dress or blouse with a plunging neckline is cut in a very low V-shape at the front. 深V形领口的; 深开的 ), is read by 260,000 Chinese women every month.

二十六万中国妇女每个月都在阅读《时尚》杂志，那些开领袒胸的画页及其他内容。

19. (Para 21, L 3) Buick sales outlet.(sales network) 别克轿车的销售网点

20. (Para 22, L 1-4) Once a city of elegant villas and imposing（magnificent）office buildings, Shanghai is currently ripping itself to ribbons(tearing itself to pieces). In a decade scores of gleaming new skyscrapers have shot up to （rose up to）crowd and jostle (thrust) the skyline, cramp(press) the narrow winding streets, and choke (suffocate) the parks and open spaces with their sheer soaring presence.

上海曾经是一座拥有雅致的别墅和气派的办公大楼的城市，如今已经是被弄得支离破碎。十年中，几十座闪闪发亮的新建的

19

高楼大厦拔地而起，挤压空间，让人不能举目远眺，使原本狭窄弯曲的街道更显压抑，同时也使公园和空地感到憋气。

21. (Para 22, L 4-5) Traffic crawls, even on the new multilane overpasses.

即使是在新建的多车道高架桥上，车辆也在爬行。

22. (Para 24, L 2-3) The Chinese are very good at dealing with ambiguity.

中国人是很善于应对多种可能性的。

23. (Para 26, L 1) Shanghai Theatre Academy

上海戏剧学院

24. (Para 27, L 3-4) The lighting was heavy on shadows, with frequent flashes.

灯光集中在鬼影上，常常夹有闪电。

25. (Para 27, L 6-7) The lights went out…auto-rewind.

灯光熄灭，有一阵子，黑暗中惟一的声音就是一部价格昂贵的照相机自动倒卷时发出的声音。

26. (Para 28, L 2-4) It strained imagination(It „s hard to imagine)…sewing machines.

难以想象就是在这个国家，二十年前人们最想要的三样物品是手表、自行车和缝纫机。

28.(Para 29, L1-2) Early on I realized that I was going to need some type of compass (help) to guide me through the wilds (jungles)of global culture.

29.(Para 38, L 2-3) They received a lot from local cultures, but they also

20

kept their own identity.（features）

他们从当地文化吸收了不少东西，但仍然保持了自己的本色。 30. (Para 40, L 2-3) Linking is humanity‟s natural impulse, its destiny.

相互联系是人类自与生俱来的欲望，是其共同的命运。 31. (Para 40, L 3-4) They are the powerful cords of the heart.

这种连接靠的是强有力的心灵的纽带。

Key to Explanation

1.Yet globalization is not something that you can accept or reject, it is already a matter of life which you will encounter and have to respond everyday.

2. Political groups with broad support have come into being to take advantage of existing worries and uneasiness among the people about foreign “culture assault”.

3. …in China, the two trends of closed-door and open-door policies have long been struggling for dominance.

4. The Chinese people should continue to live a backward life while we live comfortably with all modern convenience.

5. …westernization is a concept full of self-contradiction and held by people of very different backgrounds or views.

6. In trying to find out what will be the future trend, you do not need to be fashionable yourself. All you need is awareness, that is to say, you

21

need to be on the alert, to be observant.

7. He was moving around, playing a game through the Internet with people living in different time zones, thus their activity on the computer broke down time zone limit.

8. The Gucci store did not expect that in the first two weeks of its opening in Shanghai business could be so good.

9. From the very beginning I know I need some theory as guideline to help me in my study of global cultures as globalization, to guide me through such a variety of cultural phenomena.

10. The way of showing repentance might be peculiar to the Jews, but the strong desire of gaining forgiveness from God is common, shared by all.

Key to Translation

1. 今天我们正在经历着一种世界范围内文化巨变的阵痛，一种传统习俗与追求梦想发生剧烈碰撞而产生的变化，用社会科学家新奇的词汇来称呼这种变化，就叫“全球化”。

2. 不管他们的背景和纲领如何，这些对全球化持反对态度的人深信西方的影响—往往等同于美国的影响—会把所有文化上的差异一一压平，就像一位观察家所说的，最终产生一个麦当劳世界，一个充满美国货和体现美国价值观的世界。

3. 不过我也发现文化就如构成文化的民族一样，善于随机应变，富有弹性而且不可预测。

22

4. 现今原创极为困难。因此，最简单可行的办法就是把现存的东西拼凑在一起，拿出一个新玩意儿来。

5. 26万中国妇女每个月都在阅读《时尚》杂志，那些开领袒胸的画页及其他内容。

6. 灯光熄灭，有一阵子，黑暗中惟一的声音就是一部价格昂贵的照相机自动倒卷时发出的声音。

7. 他们从当地文化吸收了不少东西，但仍然保持了自己的本色。 8. 相互联系是人类与生俱来的欲望，是其共同的命运。 9. 这种连接靠的是强有力的心灵的纽带。

Lesson Four Professions for Women

Difficult Sentences in the Text:

1.(Para 1, L 5-7) …and in that profession there are fewer experiences for women than in any other, with the exception of the stage __ fewer, I mean, that are peculiar to women.

…与其他职业相比，当然不包括戏剧行业，在文学职业里几乎没有什么女性体验。我的意思是几乎没有女性特有的体验。 2. (Para 1.L 12-13) No demand wad made upon the family purse.(There was no need for a writer to spend much of the family money in order to write. ) 写作业不需要什么家庭开销。

3. (Para 3, Line 6-7) It was she who used to come between me and my

23

paper when I was writing reviews.

就是她，在我写评论时，总是在我和我的写作之间制造麻烦。

4. (Para 3, Line 24-28) I now record the one act for which I take some credit to myself ( I owe the decision to myself)…for my living.

下面我要说说多少是我自己决定做的一件事情，当然做此事的功劳还应归功于我优秀的祖先，是他们给我留下了一笔财产 —比如说每年五百英镑吧 —— 这样我就不必完全靠女人的魅力去谋生了。

5. (Para 3, Line 28) caught her by the throat

扼住她的喉咙

6. (Para 4, Line 5-7) I do not believe that anybody can know until she has expressed herself in all the arts and professions open to human skill.

我相信，只有妇女在人类知识所涉及的全部文学艺术和专业领域中展示出自我价值，她们才能懂得什么是妇女。 7. (Para 5, Line 5-6) a still stranger （形容词比较级）thing.

更奇怪的事情

8. (Para 5, Line 10-11) I hope I am not giving away( lay open ) professional secrets if I say that a novelist ‟s chief desire is to be as unconscious as possible.

如果我说小说家的主要愿望是尽量处于无意识状态，我希望我没有泄漏行业秘密。

24

9. (Para 5, Line 12-17) He wants life to proceed with the utmost quiet and regularity. He wants to see the same faces, to read the same books, to do the same things day after day, month after month, while he is writing, so that nothing may break the illusion in which he is living ___so that nothing may disturb or disquiet the mysterious nosings about，feelings round, darts and sudden discoveries of that very shy and illusive spirit, the imagination.

他想要过一种最安静、最有规律的生活。他希望在写作时，每天见到同样的人，读同样的书，做同样的事，这样任何事情都不会干扰或打破他的幻想状态，不会搅乱他纵横驰骋的思想，扑朔迷离而稍纵即逝的灵感，即想象力。

10. (Para 5, Line 18-19) Be that as it may, I want you to imagine me writing a novel in a state of trance（sleep-like condition）.

尽管如此，我请你想象我在迷睡的状态中写小说的情形。

11. (Para 5, Line 20-22) The image that comes to my mind when I think of this girl is the image of fisherman lying sunk in (being immersed in )dreams on the verge of （on the border of）a deep lake with a rod held out over the water.

当我想到这女孩时，脑海里浮现出一个形象：一个深深的湖边有一位钓鱼者，他手握鱼竿，沉浸在梦境中。 12. (Para 5, Line 24) the depths of our unconscious being 无意识的最深层

25

13. (Para 5, Line 30) to speak without figure. (不用修辞手段)直截了当地说.

14. (Para 5, Line 32-34) The consciousness of what men will say of a woman…her artist‟s state of unconsciousness.

她意识到男人们将会怎样去议论一个敢于坦露自己激情的女人，这使她从艺术家的无意识状态中惊醒了。

15. (Para 6, Line 7-8) Inwardly, I think, the case is very different; she has still many ghosts to fight, many prejudices to overcome. Indeed it will be a long time still, I think, before a woman can sit down to write a book without finding a phantom to be slain, a rock to be dashed.(broken)

从内心深处的精神层面上而言，情况颇为不同。妇女还要与许多妖魔鬼怪展开斗争，还有许多偏见需要去克服。我认为女人不用杀死魔鬼，不用击碎岩石就能坐下来专心致志地写作还为时过早。

16. (Para 7, Line 5-7) To discuss and define them is，I think，of great value and importance; for thus only can the labor be shared, the difficulties be solved.

谈论和界定这些障碍是十分重要的，因为只有如此我们才能共同努力,克服困难。

17. (Para 7, Line 9-10) Those aims cannot be taken for granted; they must be perpetually questioned and examined.

26

那些目的是什么，对这个问题我们不能想当然，而要不断地提出疑问和进行审视。

17．（Para 7, L 10）The whole position, as I see it ___ here in this hall

surrounded by women practising for the first time in history I know not how many different professions___ is one of extraordinary interest and importance.

在我看来，在这里，在这个被有史以来第一次从事这么多不同职业的妇女包围的大厅里，整个状态都非常耐人寻味，且意义非凡

Key to Explanation

1. If you want to be a musician or a painter, you must own a piano or heir models, and you have to visit or even live in cultural centers like Paris, Vienna and Berlin. And also you have to be taught by masters and mistresses. However, if you want to be a writer, you don‟t need all this.

2. Those conventional attitudes would have taken away the most important part of my writing, the essence of my writing.

3. Thus, whenever I felt the influence of the Victorian attitudes on my writing, I fought back with all my power.

4. It was a sensible thing for men to give themselves great freedom to talk about the body and their passions. But if women want to have the

27

same freedom, men condemn such freedom in women. And I do not believe that they realize how severely they condemn such freedom in women, nor do I believe that that they can control their extremely severe condemnation of such freedom in women.

5. It will take a long time for women to rid themselves of false values and attitudes and to overcome the obstacle to telling the truth about their body and passions.

6. Even when the path is open to women in name only, when outwardly there is nothing to prevent a woman from being a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant, inwardly there are still false ideas and obstacles impeding a woman‟s progress.

7. (Through fighting against the Angel in the House, through great labor and effort,) you have gained a position or certain freedom in a society that has been up to now dominated by men.

Key to Translation

A．Phrases 1. 指导我向前走 2. 家庭财力/经济 3. 扼住她的喉咙 4. 在无意识的最深层

28

5. 不用修辞手段、直截了当地说 6. 男性极端的因循守旧

8. 以什么为条件/在什么样的条件下

B. Sentences

1. 就是她，在我写评论时，总是在我和我的写作之间制造麻烦。 2. 下面我要说说多少是我自己决定做的一件事情，当然做此事的功劳还应归功于我的了不起的祖先，是他们给我留下了一笔财产—比如说每年五百英镑吧—这样我就不必完全靠女人的魅力去谋生了。

3. 我相信，只有妇女在人类知识所涉及的全部文学艺术和专业领域中展示出自我价值，她们才能懂得什么是妇女。

4. 他想要过一种最安静、最有规律的生活。他希望在他写作时，每天见到同样的人，读同样的书，做同样的事，这样任何事情都不会干扰或打破他的幻想状态，不会搅乱他纵横驰骋的思想，扑朔迷离而稍纵即逝的灵感，即想象力。

5. 尽管如此，我请你想象我在迷睡的状态中写小说。

6. 她意识到男人们将会怎样去议论一个敢于坦露自己激情的女人，这使她从艺术家的无意识状态中惊醒了。

7. 从内心深处的精神层面上而言，情况颇为不同。妇女还要与许多妖魔鬼怪展开斗争，还有许多偏见需要去克服。

29

8. 谈论和界定这些障碍是十分重要的，因为只有如此我们才能共同努力克服困难。

9. 那些目的是什么，对这个问题我们不能想当然，而要不断地提出疑问和进行审视。

Key to Error Correction 1. in her way 2. in a draught 3. to that achievement 4. befalling us 5. by the throat

6. of shackles of feudalism 7. at the dog

8. on the verge of tears 9. upon equal terms 10. to paper

Lesson Five Love Is a Fallacy

Translation in Text

1. (Para 1, L 1-3) Charles Lamb, as merry ( happy ) and enterprising（creative） a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays(a long time), unfettered (set free)the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.

30

像查尔斯·兰姆这样快乐和富有创新精神的人物并不常见，他写了《古瓷》和《梦中的孩子》两篇文章，这两篇文章可以说使散文写作（形式）更加自由奔放,令人难以忘怀。

2．（Para 1. L 3-5）There follows an informal essay that ventures even

beyond Lamb‟s frontier.（I take the liberty to say that it is better than the best works of Lamb.） Indeed, “informal ”may be quite the right word to describe this essay;” limp(drooping)” or “flaccid(inactive)” or possibly “spongy (as loose as a sponge)” are perhaps more appropriate.

下面这篇文章比兰姆的作品更加自由奔放。事实上，用“自

由奔放”的字眼来形容这篇文章并不十分贴切，或许用“柔软”，“轻松而富有弹性”更为恰当。

3. (Para 3) Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion and trauma(an unpleasant experience that makes you feel upset and/or anxious 痛苦经历；挫折 ).

那么，就读读下面这篇文章吧，它将向我们展示逻辑学并不是一门枯燥乏味、迂腐不堪的学科；恰恰相反，它充满活力、富于美感、激情，而又令人震惊（由心灵创伤所引起的）。

4. (Para 4) Cool was I and logic（reasonable）. Keen（sharp）, calculating（thoughtful）, perspicacious（insightful）, acute（quick to react） and

31

astute(nimble)___ I was all of these.

我这个人头脑冷静，逻辑思维强。敏锐、慎重、精明、机灵，总之这些个特点我都具备。

5. (Para 4, L 2-3) My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as chemist‟s scale, as penetrating as scalpel.

我的头脑像发电机一样强大，像药剂师的天平一样精确，像手术刀一样锋利。

6. (Para 5, L 7) the acme of mindlessness

愚蠢到了极点/愚不可及。

7. (Para 11, L 1) …pounding his temples.

（他）捶打他的太阳穴。

8. (Para 13, L 1) Big Men (Celebrities)on Campus 学校里的大人物（著名人物）。

9. (Para 21, L 1) he affirmed in ringing tones (in a loud voice)

他毫不含糊地大声说道

10. (Para 26, L 1-2) She had an erectness of carriage, an ease of bearing, a poise that clearly indicated the best of breeding.

她亭亭玉立、体态优雅，举手投足之间尽显大家闺秀风范。

11. (Para 41, L 1-2) I throw open the suitcase and revealed the huge, hairy, gamy (stink)object…

我一下子打开了手提箱，露出气味刺鼻的一团毛乎乎的东西。 12. (Para 46, L 1) a horrified whisper

32

惊愕地失声叫出来

13. (Para 50, L 2) a torn man(a man in a dilemma).

一个不知所措、左右为难的人

14. (Para 50, L 3) to set his jaw resolutely.挺着下巴，表示坚定不移 15. (Para 63, L 1-2) …you would go far to find another so agreeable.

如此可爱的伊人可是百里挑一。

16. (Para 73, L 3-4) to qualify the generalization

对一般的概括（法）进行限定

17. (Para 79, L 2) I am nothing if not persistent.

我要是意志不坚定，我就不是我了。

18. (Para 88, L 1) I frowned, but plunged ahead.

我皱了一下眉头，但鼓足勇气继续往下讲。

19. (Para 97, L 5) a logic-proof head

（这女孩儿）对逻辑一窍不通

20. (Para 98, L 2-3) Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered.

也许，在她死火山般的脑袋里，尚有一息余烬仍在闪烁冒烟。 21. (Para 118, L 1) knit her creamy brow in concentration

（她）紧锁眉头，聚精会神（进行思考）。

22. (Para 118, L 1-2) a glimmer of intelligence 一丝智慧的光芒。

23. (Para 124, L 1-2) to make a logician out of Polly

33

把波莉塑造成一个逻辑学家。

24. (Para 136) There, I thought, folding my arms, that ought to do it. 这回波莉该动心了（应该能达到我的目的了），我双臂交叉在胸前，想道。

25. (Para 153, L 1) an immense effort of will

用强大的意志力，竭力。

Key to Explanation

1. I believe the following passing crazes shows a complete lack of sound judgment.

2. One afternoon, when I went back to my dorm, Petey was lying on his bed. He wore such a depressed look that I came to the conclusion at once that he was suffering from appendicitis.

3. My brain, which is as precise as a chemist‟s scales, began to work at high speed.

4. She was beautiful and attractive enough to arouse the desires and passions of men, but I would not let feelings or emotions get the upper hand of reason or good sense.

5. She was not yet fully developed like pin-up girls but I felt sure that, given time, she would fill up and become just glamorous.

6. In fact, she went in the opposite direction. This is a sarcastic way of saying that she was rather stupid.

34

7. If you‟re no longer involved with her (if you stop dating her) others would be free to compete for her friendship.

8. His head turned back and forth (looking at the coat and then looking away from the coat). Every time he looked, his desire for the coat grew stronger and his resolution not to give away Polly became weaker.

9. To teach her to think appeared to be a very big task, and at first I even thought of giving her back to Petey.

10. There is a limit to what any human being can bear.

Key to Translation A. Phrases

1. 愚蠢到了极点/愚不可及。 2. 惊愕地失声叫出来。

3. 一个不知所措、左右为难的人。 4. 挺着下巴，表示坚定不移。 5. 对某种一般的陈述进行限定。 6. （这女孩儿）对逻辑一窍不通。

7. （她）紧锁眉头，聚精会神（进行思考）。 8. 智慧的闪光。

9. 把波莉塑造成逻辑学家。 10. 用强大的意志力，竭力。

35

B. Sentences

1. 像查尔斯·兰姆这样快乐和富有创新精神的人物并不常见，他写了《古瓷》和《梦中的孩子》两篇文章，这两篇文章可以说使散文写作（形式）更加自由奔放。

2. 那么，就读读下面这篇文章吧，它将向我们展示逻辑并不是一门枯燥乏味、迂腐不堪的学科；恰恰相反，逻辑是一个活生生的事物，它有血有肉，美轮美奂，激情四溢，而又令人震惊。 3. 我的头脑和发电机一样强大，和药剂师的天平一样精确，和手术刀一样锐利。

4. 她亭亭玉立、体态优雅，这一切都表明她出身高贵。 5. 我一下子打开了手提箱，露出气味刺鼻的一团毛乎乎的东西。 6. 这么可爱的人可不容易找。 7. 我要是意志不坚定，我就不是我了。 8. 我皱了一下眉头，但鼓足勇气继续往下讲。

9. 也许，在她死火山般的脑袋里，尚有一息余烬仍在闪烁冒烟。 10. 这回波莉该动心了（应该能达到我的目的了），我双臂交叉在胸前，想道。

Key to Logical Fallacy Analysis

1. Hasty Generalization (以偏概全)

2. Post Hoc （发生其后者必然是其结果） 3. Hypothesis Contrary to Fact （假设与事实矛盾） 4. Dicto Simplicitor （非限定性概括）

36

5. Ad Misericordiam （诉诸怜悯）

6. Post Hoc （发生其后者必然是其结果） 7. Dicto Simplicitor （非限定性概括） 8. Hasty Generalization （以偏概全,/以点带面） 9. False Analogy （错误类比） 10. Contradictory Premises （矛盾的前提） Poisoning the Well （人身攻击）

Lesson Nine The Way to Rainy Mountain

Language Points in Text

1. (Para 1, L 1-2) A single knoll rises out of the plain…the Wichita Range.

一座孤零零的小山在俄克拉荷马的草原上拔地而起，它的北面和西面是维奇塔山脉。

2. (Para 1, L 4-5) The grass turned brittle(crisp) and brown…

草变得枯萎，又脆又黄。

3. (Para 1, L 7-8) At a distance in July or August the steaming foliage seems almost to writhe (make continual twisting) in fire.

从远处望去，七、八月里的树叶热得冒烟，犹如在火中挣扎。

4. (Para 1, L 8-9) …popping up like corn to sting the flesh…

像玉米花一样爆裂开，刺得人痛。

5.（Para 1, L 10-11) Loneliness is an aspect ( feature )of the land. All

37

things in the plain isolate; there is no confusion of objects in the eye, but （无实意，相当于连接词,作用与 that 差不多）one hill or one tree or one man.…

[ eg. It is ten to one but we‟ ll overfulfil our production quota. 我们十之八九会超额完成生产任务。]

e.g 2.There is no doubt but he will recover from the trauma. 无疑他一定会从这个精神创伤中恢复过来。

荒凉寂寞是这里的一大特点。平原上的一切都是孤零零地分离开来的，所见之物, 每一座山丘，每一棵树，一个人都清晰可辨。 6.(Para 1, L 12-14) To look upon that landscape … is to lose the sense of proportion. Your imagination comes to life ( your imagination was activated to hover ), and this, you think, is where Creation was begun.

清晨，太阳在你的背后冉冉升起，此时观看大地，你会失去平时的比例感。你会张开想象的翅膀，觉得这就是上帝创造天地万物的始发地。

7.(Para 3, L.7) But warfare for Kiowas was preeminently a matter of disposition (our of instinctive self-defense )rather than of survival(fight as a means of existence), and they never understood the grim(cruel), unrelenting (ruthless)advance of the U.S.Cavalry.

作为科尔瓦人来说，作战更多是出于本能的自卫，而非生存手段。他们从来都无法理解美国骑兵残酷的一往无前的进攻。 8.（Para 3, L 13-15）My grandmother was spared (free from) the

38

humiliation of those high gray walls by eight or ten years, but she must have known from birth the affliction of defeat, the dark brooding(deep unhappiness of thought) of old warriors.

我的祖母有幸免受了那高高灰墙下的铁窗之苦以及所蒙受的耻辱，因为她是在此事件8年或10年后出生的。但打从出生起，她就懂得了失败给人带去的苦难，以及那些老战士们挥之不去的伤痛。

9．(Para 4,L.5-6) …In the late seventeenth century they began a long

migration to the south and east. It was a long journey toward the dawn, and it led to a golden age. 十七世纪晚期，他们开始了漫长的向南和向东的移民。这个

通往黎明的旅行，使得他们达到了其黄金时期。

10．(Para 4, L7—8), They acquired horses, and their ancient nomadic

spirit was suddenly free of the ground.(They were no longer tied to the ground.)

他们有了马，于是他们古老的游牧精神使他们摆脱了地面对他们的束缚（重新回到了马背上）。

11．（Para 4, L 9）They acquired Tai-me, the sacred Sun Dance Doll, from

that moment the object and symbol ( totem ) of their worship, and so shared in the divinity of the sun. Not least, they acquired the sense of destiny ,therefore courage and pride.

他们拥有了太米，那神圣的太阳舞木偶，自那时起太米就成

39

了他们的崇拜物和象征物（图腾）。

12.（Para 4, L 12-13 ） No longer were they slaves to the simple necessity

of survival; they were a lordly ( haughty/lofty) and dangerous society ( The aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered community) of fighters and thieves, hunters and

priests of the sun (very pious believers of Sun Dance Doll). 他们已不再是为了基本生存的奴隶，而是一群傲慢危险的斗士、小偷、猎人和虔诚的太阳舞信徒。

13.(Para 5, L 1-2) Although my grandmother lived out (live to the end of) her long life in the shadow of (in the vicinity of ) Rainy Mountain, the immense landscape of the continental interior（great inland） lay like memory in her blood.

虽然我的祖母在漫长的一生中从未离开过雨山，但大平原广

袤的景色却留在了她的记忆中。 14. .(Para 6, L 1) the top of the world

世界上最好的地方

15.(Para 6, L 2-3) But, beautiful as it is, one might have the sense of confinement (the sense of restriction ) there.

虽然黄石地区很美，但人们可能有受束缚、被禁锢的感觉。 16.(Para 6, L 3-4) The skyline in all directions is close at hand…deep

cleavages of shade.

放眼望去，四周的地平线近在咫尺，伸手可及。这条地平线就像一道由树木铸成的

40

高墙和一条条幽深的裂缝。

17.(Para 7, L 1-3) In July the inland slope of Rockies is luxuriant with flax and buckwheat, stone crop and larkspur. The earth unfolds（opens）and the limit of the land recedes. 七月，落基山脉面向平原一侧的山坡上长满了亚麻、荞麦、景天和翠雀等各种植物。当大地在我们面前展开时，陆地的边缘渐渐地退去。

18.（Para 7, L 5-6） … and the sky is immense beyond all comparison. The great billowing clouds （moving clouds like great waves）that sail upon it are shadows that move upon the grain like water, dividing light.

天空宽阔无比。宛如波浪般的大片云彩在天空中游动就像一片片船帆，在庄稼地里投下了阴影。

19.(Para 7, L 8-9) Sweet clover takes hold of (occupies)the hills and bends upon itself to cover and seal (cover ) the soil.

草木犀长满了山丘，它低垂的枝叶四处蔓延，覆盖了地面。 20.(Para 7, L 11-14) When the Kiowas came to the land of the Crows, they could see the dark lees (shelter)of the hills at dawn across the Bighorn River, the profusion of light on the grain shelves, the oldest deity ranging after the solstices.(the all-year-round Sunlight from spring to winter)

克瓦人来到克罗人的土地上，他们在黎明时，隔着比格好恩河可以看到山的背阴处，一年四季明媚的阳光普照在层层的庄稼地上。

21．（Para 7, L 14-16）Not yet would they veer （change the direction of）

41

southward to the caldron of the land that lay below ( to the land lying below which was like a large kettle); they must wean (cut off the mother’s milk) their blood from the northern winter and hold the mountains a while longer in their view. They bore（carry sth/sb.esp.when moving）Tai-me in procession (a number of people who come one after another)to the east.

然而，他们并不情愿改变方向，向南到脚下这块大锅似的土地。 因为他们必须给身体充分的时间来适应大平原，他们也不愿这么快就看不见雨山。他们把太米也带到了东方。

22.(Para 8, L 1-4) At the top of a ridge I caught sight of Devil‟s Tower upthrust against the gray sky as if …the world was begun.

在一座山脊顶上，我看到魔鬼塔高高插入灰蒙蒙的天空，似乎在时间诞生之时，地核开裂，地壳破裂，宇宙的运动从此开始。 23.(Para 8,L 4.)There are things in nature (some natural phenomena) that engender(cause) an awful quiet ( inspiring awe ) in the heart of man;. 人们对一些自然现象从内心深处怀有一种神秘莫测的敬畏之情。 24. (Para 8, L 8) run upon his hands and feet 用手脚爬行。

25. (Para 8, L 14) the Big Dipper （大熊座内的）北斗七星

26．(Para 8, L 16) From that moment, and so long as the legend lives

(continue to exist), the Kiowas have kinsmen (kinship )in the night

42

sky.

从那时起，只要这一传说还存在，克尔瓦人就与夜空有一种

亲缘关系。

27. （Para 8,L.last but 2）Whatever they were in the mountains, they could be no more. However tenuous(weak, poor) their well-being(a contented state of being happy and healthy and prosperous), however they had suffered and would suffer again, they had found a way out of the wildness.(inverted :They were mountain people in Montana, and now they had completely been transformed into a plains people.)

昔日十足的蒙他拿山民，如今他们已变成平原的居民。无论

他们与平原的缘分有多浅，无论他们的生活有多艰难，他们总算是在荒原上找到了自己的生存之道。

28. (para 9,L.1-2) My grand mother had a reverence for the sun, a holy

regard( reverence ) that now is all but (almost )gone out of mankind. 我的祖母对太阳怀有崇敬之情，然而，现在的人们已经没有

这种情愫了。

29. (Para 9 L 2) There was a wariness(special caution or care) in her, and

an ancient awe. She was a Christian in her later years, but she had come a long way (had developed or changed a lot), and she never forgot her birthright (a right or rights that a person has because of being born in a certain family, nation etc.).

43

在她身上有一种细致和古老的敬畏。她晚年时成为了一个基

督徒，但在此之前，她身上已经发生了很大的变化，她从未忘记自己与生俱来的权利 ( Although she became a Christian in her later years, she never forget her cultural heritage as Kiowa.)。 30. (Para 9, last sen) Without bitterness, and for as long as she lived. she

bore a vision of deicide.(When she was alive, she could live with the fact that Kiowas suffered too much to feel bitter, maybe they accepted this as their fate.)

31. (Para 10, L 4) …when her vision had failed( vision became weaker),

looking down for a long time into the fold of her hands(casting her eyes down at her crossed hands);

32.(Para 10, L 5-6.)… very slowly as she did when the weight of age came upon her(with an increase of the age having an effect on her); praying. I remembered her most often (most unforgettable )at prayer. 随着年事增高，（她）走得越来越慢，她时常祷告。我记忆最深刻的当数她的祷告了。

33.(Para 10, L 7-9) I was never sure that I had the right to hear, so exclusive(not including or allowing for) were they of all mere custom (a usual practice)and company(companionship ).

我从来都不肯定我有权利听她的祷告，她的祷告不遵循任何形式，也不需要有其他人在场。

34.(Para 10, L 12-14) …,but there was something inherently sad (sth as

44

natural and inseparable quality) in the sound, some merest hesitation (the slightest act of pausing uncertainly)upon the syllables of sorrow. 含混不清的祷告声音里蕴含着一种内在的悲伤。

35.(Para 10, L 15) She began in a high and descending pitch, exhausting upon the silence; then again and again--- and always the same intensity of effort, of something that is, and is not, like urgency (the “closed call” in emergency/urgency)in human voice.

她起调很高，用尽全身力气，直到再也喊不出声音来；然后用同样的力气反复这样叫喊，这种叫声有时像，有时不像人类（在遇到紧急情况下）的喊叫声。

36.(Para 10, L last but two) Transported （intoxicated with）so in the dancing light among the shadows of her room, She seemed beyond the reach of time ( this implied that she would live forever).

她对房屋里的影子间跳跃的光很着迷，这让人觉得她会永远活在世上。

37.(Para 11, L 5) They stand here and there against the sky, and you approach them for a longer time than you expect. They belong in the distance; it is their domain.

他们四处伫立，背靠着蓝天，你会觉得走进他们所花费的时间比你想象的还长。他们属于远方，那才是他们的领地。 38. (Para 12, L 6) made of lean and leather 精瘦 39. (Para 12, L 6) bore （carried）themselves upright

45

腰板挺得很直

40. (Para 14, L 8-9) My line of vision was such that the creature filled the moon like a fossil.

我当时的视线正好使我看到那只蟋蟀像块化石镶在满月之中。 41. (Para 14, L 9-10) It had gone there, I thought, to live and die…its small definition made whole and eternal.

我猜想，那只蟋蟀生于斯，死于斯，因为只有在那里才是它的终极归宿，在那里它的微不足道的价值才能得到了全部的体现，同时也获得了永生。

42．（Para 14, Last line）A warm wind rose up and purled（flowed） like

the longing within me.

一阵暖风吹过，仿佛一种渴望在我心中涌动。

The implications of the article:

1. the reminiscence of his grandmother, together with the history of American Indians.

2. the criticism of white Americans‟ invasions of military brutality, economic exploitation as well as cultural infiltration ___ the lose of vernacular American Indian religions.

3. the “mourning ” for his vernacular culture by means of his grand mother‟s funeral, for which he longs to endure, i.e. longing for the coexistence of diversified cultures in USA and in the world.

46

4.Tiny as the cricket is, the Kiowas people along with other American Indian peoples, are an ephemeral, both short-lived but eternal being, however the cricket is the integral part of nature. The ubiquity of cricket is the ubiquity of death And, death has absolute existence in a dimension of incomprehensible to man. Therein, lies the validity of the cricket as a symbol of death and of the inevitable frustration of man‟s quest to know the meaning of death. Key to Explanation

1. The landscape made you imagination vivid and lifelike, and you believe that the creation of the whole universe was begun right here. 2. The Kiowas often fought just because they were good warriors, because they fought out of habit, nature, not because they needed extra lands or material gains for the sake of surviving and thriving. And they could not understand why the U.S. Cavalry never gave up pushing forward even when they had won a battle.

3. Luckily, my grandmother did not suffer the humiliation of being put into a closure for holding animals, for she was born eight or ten years after the event.

4. They moved toward the east, where the sun rises, and also toward the beginning of a new culture, which led to the greatest moment of their history.

5. Now they got horses. Riding on horseback, instead of walking on foot,

47

gave them this new freedom of movement, thus completely liberating their ancient nomadic spirit.

6. In a sense, their migration confirmed the ancient myth that they entered the world from a hollow log, for they did emerge from the sunless world of the mountains.

7. Their stature was measured by the distance they could see. Yet, because of the dense forests, they could not see very far, and they could hardly stand straight.

8. The earth unfolds and the limit of the land is far in the distance, where there are clusters of trees and animals eating grass. This landscape makes one see far and broadens one‟s horizon.

9. They would not yet change the direction southward to the land lying below which was like a large kettle. First, they must give their bodies some time to get used to the plains. Secondly, they didn‟t want to lose sight of the mountains so soon.

10. I was not sure that I had any right to overhear her praying, which did not follow any customary way of praying, and which I guess she did not want anyone else to hear.

11. In this way she was entranced in the dancing light among the shadows of her room, and she seemed to be timeless (what she represented would last for ever).

12. On these special occasions, women might make loud and elaborate

48

jokes and talk among themselves. Their gossip revealed their position as servants of men and also a reward for their servitude.

Key to Translation A. Phrases

1. 一座孤零零的小山拔地而起 2. 像玉米花一样爆裂开，刺得人痛 3. 失去比例感

4. 出于秉性，由于习惯 5. 明确的归类

6. 他们的崇拜物和图腾物 7. 世界上最好的地方 8. 受束缚、被禁锢的感觉 9. 这男孩突然变成了哑巴 10. 毫无理由地被禁止 11. 人来人往，熙熙攘攘。 12. 精瘦 B. Sentences

1. 平原上的一切都是孤零零地分离开的，所见之物, 每一座山丘，每一棵树，或一个人都清晰可辨。

2. 根据他们最早的神话传说，他们是通过一根空木头来到这个世界的。

49

3. 虽然那里很美丽，但人们还是有受束缚、被禁锢的感觉。 4. 放眼望去，天边近在咫尺，伸手可及。地平线就像一道由树木铸成的高墙和一条条幽深的裂缝。

5. 七月，落基山脉面向平原的一侧的山坡上长满了亚麻、荞麦、景

天和翠雀等各种植物。

6. 草木犀长满了山丘，它低垂的枝叶四处蔓延，覆盖了地面。 7. 克尔瓦人（Kiowa）来到克罗人（Crow）的土地上，他们在黎明时，隔着比格好恩（Bighorn）河可以看到山的背阴处，一年四季明媚的阳光普照在层层的庄稼地上。

8. 在一座山脊顶上，我看到魔鬼塔高耸入云，屹立在灰蒙蒙的天空中，仿佛在时间诞生伊始，地心爆炸，地壳破裂，宇宙的运动从此开始。

9. 我当时的视线正好使我看到那只蟋蟀像块化石镶在满月之中。 10. 我猜想，那只蟋蟀生于斯，死于斯，因为只有在那里才是它的终

极归宿，在那里它的微不足道的价值才能得到了全部的体现，同时也获得了永生。 修辞手段例句

1. The sky was as clear as the inside of a bell. (simile直喻,明喻 ) 2. They go forth into a world of men who are as various as the sands of the sea (simile).

3. Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream. (simile).

4. Love is identified with a resignation of power, and power with a denial

50

of love. (antithesis, 对句,对偶)

5. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.(antithesis)

6.Without recognizing this we will end up with solutions that don’t solve, answers that don’t answer and explanations that don’t explain. (paradox,悖论,自相矛盾)

7. The child is father to a man (儿童乃成人之父). (paradox,悖论) 8. Cruel kindness, a wise fool, to make haste slowly (oxymoron)

8. A contradiction between principles or conclusions that seem equally necessary and reasonable.( paradox悖论)

9. Poetry is the scent of the rose, the lightening in the sky, the gleam of the fly, the sound of the sea. (metaphor,暗喻,隐喻)

10. The geographic core, in Mark Twain‟s early years, was the great valley of the Mississippi River, main artery of the transportation in the young nation’s heart. (metaphor,暗喻,隐喻)

11. Lazy clouds drifted across the sky. (transferred epithet 转喻) 12. Our bare bodies are touching and shining with anticipatory sweet. (transferred epithet,转喻)

13. Polly, I love you. You’re the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars. (hyperbole夸张)

14. I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun

soldiery…(alliteration,头韵,押头韵)

51

15. Waverly had gained a certain amount of fame as “Chinatown‟ Little

Chinese Chess Champion ”. (alliteration,头韵)

16. Who can doubt the correctness of this matter ? (rhetorical question,反问,反诘)

17. Senior citizens are respected in our country．(euphemism,委婉语) 18. His grandmother passed away when he was five years old.

(euphemism, 委婉语)

19. The mango is mellow and soft in the mouth.( euphemism for

sweet). 这种芒果柔和口感和谐（指香甜多汁）。 20. “Maiden lady” (euphemism for “old lady”).

21. His parents bought him a new set of wheels. (synecdoche举偶法) 22. He is the bread earner in the family. (synecdoche举偶法)

23. Oh, you haven‟t change? Well, of course, I know that gentlemen like you carry only large notes.(irony, 讽刺)

24. The wind stood up and gave a shout. (personification,拟人)

25. He was no Uncle Tom when it came to dealing with racial

discrimination by the whites.(antonomasia换称)

26. All was quiet and still except for the distant tinkling of a

piano.(onomatopoeia象声词,拟声词)

27. Away went the car like a whirlwind.(inversion,倒装) 28. The White House supports the bill.(metonymy转喻、换喻)

29. You may not like office work but it is no use to quarrel with your

52

bread and butter, you have no other means of livelihood. (metonymy)

30. The pen is mightier than the sword. (metonymy) 31. Nixon bombed Hanoi. (metonymy)

53