For the Final Exam
Unit 5-9 British Literature
The Renaissance Period
1. Memorize the time confine (i.e. 14th – mid 17th century or the transition from the medieval to the modern world)
2. Understand the spirit of the Renaissance: humanism 3. The greatest achievement in literature in this period: Poetry and drama 4. Important concepts:
Renaissance: it is the rediscovery and study of ancient Greek and Roman classics to bring new importance to individual expression and self-consciousness.
5. Memorize the major poets of the period (Spenser, Shakespeare, Donne, Milton) and their major works (the title and main idea/theme of each work).
E.g. Which of the following poets is NOT from the Renaissance Period ____? A. Edmund Spenser B. John Keats C. John Donne D. John Milton Answer: B
Shakespeare: 154 sonnets The common themes: Friendship and love John Milton: 1. Paradise Lost The theme: the tragedy of the fall of man 2. Paradise Regained The theme: How mankind withstand the tempter of Satan in the divine favor
6. Memorize the major playwriters (Marlowe, Shakespeare) of the period and their major works: Marlowe: Tamburlaine the Great (帖木儿) The tragic History of Doctor Faustus (浮士德博士的悲剧) The Jew of Malta (马耳他岛的犹太人)
7. Identify Shakespeare’s major works and be able to: (1) identify the major characters, the protagonist and antagonist of the conflict in The Merchant of Venice. (2) identify the theme of Sonnet 18 and interpret certain poetic lines and words/phrase of archaic English.
William Shakespeare: Major works: 38 plays in total
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Review For the Final Exam-British Literature Types of plays: Historic plays (The King Henry VI) Comedy (e.g. The Merchant of Venice) Tragedy (e.g. the great ones: King Lear, Hamlet, Macbeth, Othello) Tragicomedy (e.g. The Tempest)
Exercise:
Which of the following plays does not belong to Shakespeare’s great tragedies?
A. Romeo and Juliet B. King Lear
C. Hamlet D. Macbeth Answer: A
The Neoclassical Period
1. Memorize the time confine (1660 – 1798, 18th Century)
The neoclassical literature took the ancient Greek and Roman classical works and contemporary French ones as the literature model 2. The major achievement in literature in this period. Novels
3. Memorize the major writers (Bunyan, Defoe, Swift, Fielding) of the period and their major works. Bunyan - the Pilgrim’s Progress (The Vanity Fair – a famous section) Daniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe Moll Flanders
Swift: Gulliver’s Travel (格利佛游记) Fielding: Tom Jones (汤姆. 琼斯) Joseph Andrews (约瑟. 安德鲁传) 3. Be familiar with Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones and Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe (its theme and main characters).
The Romantic Period
1. Time confine (1798 -1832, end of 18th to early of 19th century)
2. Understand the cultural background and its affection on the literature of this period:
The Romantic movement expressed a negative attitude toward the existing social and political conditions;
In literature, the romantics shift their emphasis from reason to instinct and emotion, which made literature most valuable as an expression of an
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Review For the Final Exam-British Literature individual’s unique feeling.
3. The major achievement in literature: Poetry
The romantic period is an age of poetry with Black (布莱克), Wordsworth (华兹华斯), Coleridge (科勒津治), Byron (拜伦), Shelley (雪莱) and Keats (济慈) as the major poets.
E.g. The English Romantic period is an age of poetry with the following poets EXCEPT __________.
A. Keats B. Coleridge C. Spenser D. Wordsworth Answer: C
E.g. The Romantic Movement express a more or less _____ attitude toward the existing social and political conditions. A. positive B. negative C. neutral D. indifferent Answer: B
E.g. Romantic literature puts great emphasis on the function of _______. A. Reason
B. emotion & imagination C. Logic D. Fact Answer: B
4. Memorize the major writers (Black, Wordsworth, Austen, Byron, Shelley) and know their major works. Black: Songs of Innocence (with a joyful tone) Songs of Experience (with a melancholy (忧郁的) and sad tone. E.g London) Wordsworth (one of the three famous Lake Poets, the other two: Coleridge and Southey): Composed upon Westminster Bridge (P. 82) Byron: Don Juan (唐.璜, his masterpiece) Point: Byran invests in Juan the moral positives like courage, generosity and frankness, which, according to Byran, are virtues neglected by the modern society.
Shelley: Prometheus Unbound (解放的普罗米修斯) Ode to the West Wind (西风颂, his masterpiece) Austen (the only realistic novelist in this period):
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Review For the Final Exam-British Literature Pride and Prejudice
E.g. Wordsworth, Coleridge and ______ are called “lake poets”. A. Keats B. Byron C. Shelley D. Southey Answer: D
Byron’s masterpiece is _________. A. Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage B. Cain C. Manfred D. Don Juan Answer: D
The tone in Songs of Experience by Blake is _______. A. doleful (sad) B. lively C. plain D. joy Answer: A The tone in Songs of Innocence by Blake is _______. A. doleful (sad) B. lively C. plain D. joy Answer: D
5. Be familiar with Black’s London and Wordsworth’s Composed Upon Westminster Bridge 6. Understand the theme, the personality of the main characters in the first chapter of Pride and Prejudice.
E.g. In the conversation with Mr. Bennet in Chapter 1 of Pride and Prejudice, Mr. Bennet uses ____ tone and sarcastic humor. A. solemn B. harsh C. intimate D. teasing Answer: D The Victorian Period
1. Time confine (1836-1901, Mid 19th – early 20th century, Victorian Queen regent period)
2. Understand the Historical and cultural background and their affection on the literature of the period. (e.g. There appeared great disparity and sharp contrast between the rich and the poor; Writers showed their primary concern about the people in the society with sympathy for the poor and the unfortunate; Writers exposed all kinds of social evils)
3. The major achievement in literature: Novels
4. Memorize the major writers (Dickens, Bronte Sisters, Hardy) and know their major works.
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Review For the Final Exam-British Literature Be familiar with the following works (main idea/theme, main characters) Oliver Twist (Dickens) David Copperfield (Dickens) Jane Eyre (Charlotte Bronte) Wuthering Heights (Emily Bronte) Tess of the D’Urbervilles (Hardy)
The Modern Period (end of 19th century – early 20th century, Unit 8)
1. Understand the historical and cultural background and its affection on the literature of this period.
Both natural and social sciences (e.g. variety of philosophic ideas) in Europe had enormously advanced. Darwin’s theory of evolution, Einstein’s theory of relativity, etc., all produced strong influence upon the shaping of people’s mentality (思想, 精神寄托) (Darwin’s theory -> religion; Einstein’s theory -> the concept of time and space)
2. Understand the concepts of Modernism
Modernism is a reaction against realism (现实主义). It cast away (淡化) almost all the traditional elements in literature like story, plot, character, chronological (按时间发生顺序排列的) narration, etc., which are essential to realism.
Stream of consciousness
A psychological term used in literature context by certain novelists to describe the unspoken thoughts and feelings of their characters without resorting to (seeking help) objective description or conventional dialogue.
Interior monologue
A phrase which is also used to describe the inner movement of consciousness of character’s mind.
内心独白是指人物想表达什么，不说出来，只在心里想，然而还是有条不紊的。
3. Memorize the major writers (Shaw, Galsworthy, James Joyce) and know their major works. 4. Nobel Prize owners in this period: George B. Shaw, John Galsworthy, William B. Yests, T.S Eliot. 5. Understand Shaw’s point of view, and be familiar with his works: Mrs. Warren’s Profession, Pygmalion.
6. Identify Galsworthy’s trilogy of Forsyte Saga: The Man of Property” (有产业的人, 1906)、”In Chancery” (骑虎难下, 1920)、”To let” (出租, 1921)； 7. Be familiar with James Joyce’s Ulysses.
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Review For the Final Exam-British Literature E.g. In Ulysses, Joyce seeks to present a ______of the whole human life. A. Internal world B. External world C. public life D. social activities Answer: A
Exercises
1. the most significant intellectual movement of Renaissance was ______. A. the Reformation B. humanism
C. the Italian revival
D. geographical explorations Answer: B
2. Which of the following plays does not belong to Shakespeare’s great tragedies?
A. Romeo and Juliet B. King Lear
C. Hamlet D. Macbeth Answer: A
3. Milton’s Paradise Lost took its material from _____. A. the Bible B. Greek myth C. Roman myth D. French romance Answer: A
4. Christopher Marlowe wrote all the following plays except_________. A. Tamburlaine the Great B. Cymbeline
C. the Jew of Malta
D. the Tragic History of Doctor Faustus Answer: B
5. In “ Sonnet 18”, Shakespeare ______. A. meditate on man’s mortality
B. eulogize the power of artistic creation C. satirizes human vanity D. present a dream vision Answer: B
6. Which of the following is NOT the theme of “The Merchant of Venice” ___?
A. Justice vs. mercy
B. Material value vs. love
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Review For the Final Exam-British Literature C. The letter of law vs. the spirit of the law. D. Justice of law Answer: D
7. Gulliver’s Travel can be divided into ___ parts. A. two B. three C. four D. five Answer: C
8. In which of the following works can you find the proper names “Lilliput’, “Brobdingnag”, “Houyhnhnm”, and “Yahoo”? A. the Pilgrim’s Progress B. the Faerie Queene C. Gulliver’s Travels
D. the History of Tom Jones, a Foundling Answer: C
9. Daniel Defoe describes ____ as a typical English middle-class man of the eighteen century, the very prototype of the empire builder or the pioneer colonist.
A. Robinson Crusoe B. Moll Flanders
C. Gulliver D. Tom Jones Answer: A
10. C. Work-author matching up
( ) 1. the Pilgrim’s progress A. Jonathan Swift ( ) 2. Moll Flanders B. John Bunyan ( ) 3. Gulliver’s Travels C. Daniel Defoe ( ) 4. Tom Jones D. Henry Fielding ( ) 5. Robinson Crusoe ( ) 6. Joseph Andrews
Answers: 1. B 2. C. 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. D
10. Romantic literature puts great emphasis on the function of _______. A. Reason B. Imagination C. Logic D. Fact Answer: B
11. The Romantic period is an age of poetry with the following poets except ____.
A. Blake B. Wordsworth C. Gray D. Byron E. Coleridge F. Keats G. Shelley Answer: C
12. Generally speaking, _____ was a writer of the 18th century, though she
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Review For the Final Exam-British Literature lived in the 19th century. A. Mary Shelley B. George Eliot
C. Jane Austen D. Ann Radcliffe Answer: C
13. “She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper.” means _____. A. she was smart, knowledgable, and sweet-tempered. B. she was stingy, slow wit, and ill-tempered. C. she was mental retarded, ignorant, moody. D. she was simple-headed, uneducated, and mutable Answer: D
14. In the conversation with Mr. Bennet in Chapter 1 of Pride and Prejudice, Mr. Bennet uses ____ tone and sarcastic humor. A. solemn B. harsh C. intimate D. teasing Answer: D
15. Byron’s masterpiece is _______. A. Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage B. Cain C. Manfred D. Don Juan Answer: D 16. the tone in Songs of Experience by Blake is _______. A. doleful (sad) B. lively C. plain D. joy Answer: A 17. Austen’s view of life is a totally___ one. A. imagic B. natural C. romantic D. realistic Answer: D
18. Which of the following is NOT one of the works by Dickens___? A. Oliver Twist B. David Copperfield C. Hard Times
D. Tess of the D’Urbervilles Answer: D
19. Which of the following is NOT one of the works by Bronte sisters _________? A. Jane Eyre B. Hard Time C. Agnes Gray D. Wuthering Heights
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Review For the Final Exam-British Literature Answer: B
20. In Ulysses, Joyce seeks to present a ______of the whole human life. A. Internal world B. External world C. public life D. social activities Answer: A
21. Modernism marks a strong and conscious ________ the past. A. break with B. connection with C. reunion with D. contact with Answer: A
22. Which of the following writers is NOT from the British modern period_____? A. Shaw B. Galsworthy C. James Joyce D. Hardy Answer: D
Contents of final exam in the 2nd semester of 2016 I. Fundamental knowledge (50%)
A. Multiple choice questions (30 points) B. T-F Statements (20 points) II. Poetry Analysis (20%)
III. Short Story Analysis (30%)
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