四种进行时态及四种完成时态

四种进行时态及四种完成时态

▲ 主+系动词+表

Be---is am are Be---------was were

I am rich. I was rich. I will be rich. I would be rich.

▲ 谓+主+状 该句型通常用于表达某地存在某物（人）

There is There are There was There were

There will be There would be

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▲ 主+谓+宾+状

名词 介词短语 副词 动词 名词 1. 学生们 在大学里 努力 学习 英语。

The students study English hard in the university.

主语 谓语 宾语 状语 状语

In the university,

the students study English hard.

BE THERE BE DO The students study English.

The students do not study English. Do the students study English?

Does

The student studies English .

The student does not study English. Does the student study English?

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▲ 一般过去时态的基本用法

一般过去时态表示过去的状态及发生的动作。

Work----worked

Did not The student studied English .

The students did notstudy English.Did the student study English?

● I went to see a doctor yesterday。 go 昨天我去看病了。

否定式及疑问句的构成

● I didn’t go to see a doctor yesterday.

Did you go to see a doctor yesterday?

▲ 一般将来时态的基本用法

在英语中，表示将来的动作或状态时，有多种形式。这里介绍四种常用形式。 1. will

● She will arrive in London on Friday. 她将在星期五到伦敦。

否定式及疑问句的构成

● She will not arrive in London on Friday.

Will she arrive in London on Friday?

2. to be (am, are, is ) going to do

该种形式用来表示将来时，尤其是在口语中用的较多，常常含有“打算”的含义。

2

will

● I am going to get up at five o’clock tomorrow morning. 我明天早上打算五点起床。

否定式及疑问句的构成 ● I am not going to get up at five o’clock tomorrow

morning.

Are you going to get up at five o’clock tomorrow morning?

▲ 一般过去将来时态的基本用法

过去将来时态实际上是过去时态与将来时态相加构成的时间概念。

would

● I thought (think)he would take the chance.

我想他会抓住这个机会。

（相对于thought这个过去时态的将来）

2. to be ( was / were ) going to

这种一般过去将来时态和我们上面讲的一般将来的用法是一样的。只是立足于过去某一点谈将来的事情。

● Yesterday, I was going to see my teacher. But I didn’t

go.

我打算昨天去看我的老师，但我没去。

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▲ 特殊疑问句的构成 He is in the classroom.

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主语 系 表语

He is not in the classroom.

Is he in the classroom?----------Yes. No. Who is in the classroom?

主语

1． 提问主语，句子不变。

The book is on the desk. What is on the desk? 主语

He is in the classroom. 主语 系 表语 Is he in the classroom? ----- where

表语 ----- where is he ?

表语

He is 20. Is he 20? -------How old --How old is he? 2． 提问句子的其他成分，先变一般疑问句，再用疑问代词或疑问副词代替所不知道的成分，并置于句首。 ●

who what what how where why when He studied English hard in the university for the test on Sunday. 他在大学里，为了考试过去在星期日努力学习英语。

1. Who studied English hard in the university for the test on

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Sunday?

2. What did he do hard in the university for the test on Sunday? 3. What did he study hard in the university for the test on Sunday?

4. How did he study English in the university for the test on Sunday?

5. Where did he study English hard for the test on Sunday? 6. Why did he study English hard in the university on Sunday? 7. When did he study English hard in the university for the test?

导言

我们前面所学的四种时态，表达的只是时间概念。

本课所学的进行时态除时间概念外，又加入了某种感情

色彩。 在传统的教学中，进行态往往被认为只是表示一

个进行的动作，其实这只是一个表面现象，进行态更多

的含义在于给人一种生动的画面感。 我们可以形象地比

喻：使用一般态像听录音机，使用进行态则像看电视机，

而后者所具备的功能正是画面，这恰恰是一般态和进行

态的不同之处。第二，进行态给我们的是一种暂时性。

理解以上两点是非常重要的。

请大家看下列表格，竖行表示时间概念，横行则表示情态或叫做情感。将“时”与“态”区分开，是我们学好时态的关键。

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态 一般 进行 完成 完成进行 时 现 在 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 过 去 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 将 来 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 过去将来 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时 ▲ 进行时态的构成

时 态 现在进行时 过去进行时 将来进行时 过去将来进行时

主谓宾 is (am, are) doing was (were) doing will be doing would be doing Be doing

▲ 现在进行时态和过去进行时态

一般现在时

过去 -------现在--------- 将来 - 现在进行时

1、进行态的暂时性，进行时态与一般时态的比较

● They live in America.（一贯的）

● They are living in America.（暂时的）

第二句给我们的感觉是，他们一直住在别的什么地方，但目前暂住美国。

He is studying English hard. You do not eat much.

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You are not eating much.

● My TV works well.

我的电视非常好。（一贯的） ● My TV is working well.

我的电视目前很好。（暂时性）

第二句给人的印象是：电视过去工作不正常，最近修了一下，效果很好。

2. 进行时态的感情色彩。

进行态除了表示一个进行的动作以外，更多的是带有一种“态”，也就是说有一种情态在里面。注意下面句子的比较：

● More and more people buy TV sets.

● More and more people are buying TV sets. 越来越多的人买电视机。

注：第一句话只是说出一个现象，第二句话却给了我们一个生动的

画面，试图让我们看到人们购买电视机的情景。

It rained下雨. It was raining. The girl cried哭. The girl was crying.

-------- I had very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly.

● Do you know your wife

was having dinner with a guy

in the restaurant near our school yesterday evening?

你知道不知道你的老婆昨天晚上和一个小伙子在学校附近的餐馆一起吃饭？

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注：说话的人没有用一般过去时，而是用过去进行时态。从这句话 中可以看出他通过进行时态的画面感，给对方一个亲眼看到的感觉，以刺激听话的人。

▲ 将来进行时态

● I will wait等待for you at the airport.

● I will be waiting for you at the airport.

第一句用的是一般将来时态，第二句用的是将来进行时态。第二句给人的感觉好像能够看到说话的人将在机场等待的情景，所以更亲切、更踏实。这就是画面感的效果。我们很难用汉语表达出上面两句话的不同。

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It rained. It was raining.

时 态 现在进行时 过去进行时 将来进行时 过去将来进行时 主谓宾 is (am, are) doing was (were) doing will be doing would be doing

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