智能卡是一种在卡面置入计算机芯片的卡。因为置入了计算机芯片，智能卡能比通常的信用卡储存更多的信息。如打电话、访问ATM机、支付公共交通费用，智能卡还用于存储个人身份信息、医疗信息以及保险信息。由于智能卡在存储在线 交易时使用的数字现金方面的优势，全球智能卡的使用将会急剧增加。 智能卡可分为接触式和非接触式，为了读取智能卡上的信息和更新电脑芯片上的信息，接触式智能卡需要放入智能卡阅读器、非接触式智能卡有一个线圈天线和电脑内置芯片，使卡能传输信息，它比接触式智能卡的信息交换速度要快。比如非接触式智能卡便于交通费支付方面的交通服务。当你通过交费站时，安装在你汽车里某个设备中的非接触式智能卡能自动缴费。智能卡会要求用户输入密码，从而具有比信用卡更安全的优点。信息可设计为“只读”和“禁入”，也使用像加密之类的安全措施。为表示对安全问题的关注，卡面上设有图像来识别用户。
One of the most important features that set an E-commerce Web site apart from other kinds of Web sites is that an E-commerce site receives payment information online. Traditionally ，all payment transactions involved some form of paper，whether a check，an invoice ,a credit card, or cash. Nowadays, the very hot topic people often talk about is how customers can get the on-line products or services conveniently and instantly. We can pay all of our monthly salary with a few clicks of the mouse, purchase products without leaving our desk, and
have our money directly deposited into our bank account.
电子商务网站有别于其他网站特征之一就是电子商务网站接受在线支付。传统支付交易都以纸质形式出现，如支票、发票、信用卡或现金。如今，人们谈论的热点话题就是顾客如何能便捷地获得在线商品或服务。只需点动鼠标，我们即可花整月的工资，购买商品，将钱直接存人银行账户。
An electronic payment is a payment that is transmitted electronically either over telephone lines, or between Web sites on the Internet. No tangible currency such as a bank note or check hands. Any information required to make the payment，such as a credit card number or personal identification number (PIN ) , exists only in digital form. Payment is a very important step in the E-commerce procedure，electronic payment is developed for the demand of E-commerce applications. The process of electronic payment is as follows ：
电子支付就是通过电话或者互联网站进行电子传输的付款方式。并没有有形的货币流通。进行支付所有需要的信息如：信用卡号、个人身份号码，都以数字形式 出现。电子商务交易中最为重要的一步就是支付。支付形式随电子商务的需求不断发展。电子支付流程如下：
A customer who decides to purchase an item from an on-line business is transferred to a secure server where he or she enters a credit card number. The information entered into the secure server is encrypted using security technologies. The payment information moves to the on-line transaction server, where the payment is authorized or declined,
depending on whether the credit card number is valid and the customer has adequate money to cover the purchase. If the credit card information is valid and funds are available and adequate, the information is transmitted to the institution or organization that receives payment owed to the merchant, and a deposit is made to the merchant’s bank account. The customer is informed that the transaction has been processed，and shipping of the goods has been initiated. If the goods are shipped electronically, such as a downloadable computer game, then the entire process could accomplish within one or two minutes from the time the customer submits the payment to the time that the file appears on the customer’s hard drive, depending on the size of the file and the computers download speed.
在线购买商品的顾客在安全的服务器上输入信用卡号，该信息使用安全技术被加密。支付信息移至在线交易服务器，信用卡是否有效以及是否有足够的金额支付产品决定了是否可以进行支付。如果条件符合，顾客将被告知交易已经开始，商品 已经发货。如果商品是通过电子方式发货，如可下载的电脑游戏，那么从顾客支付到文件出现在顾客硬件上的整个过程在一两分钟内就可完成，当然这还取决于文件的大小和下载速度。
The major methods used to pay for products or services online include credit card， digital cash, electronic wallet, smart card.
在线购买商品或服务的主要手段有：信用卡、数字现金、电子钱包、智能卡。 Ⅰ. Credit card信用卡
It is very simple to fill out a credit card online and see if you are eligible for an instant approval credit card. When you apply for an online credit card you will need to supply information including your full name, address, social security number, your annual income and your source of income and other information that is needed to process the credit card application. After you fill out the online credit card application form and submit your information. It will be transmitted via a dedicated security line for processing. If you are approved，you will receive your card in the mail a few days later. Some companies will even send you an E-mail regarding your instant approval credit card or you can visit their Web site to check the status of your online credit card application.
在线申请一张即时批核信用卡是一件很容易的事情。申请时你需要提供你的全名、住址、社会保险号码、你的年收人、你的收人来源及其他信息。在你填写了在线信用卡申请表单并提交以后，你的申请信息会通过专用的安全通道进行传输并被处理。如果你的申请被批准的话，几天后你会收到一封内含你新申请的信用卡的邮件。一些公司甚至会发给你一封关于这张即时批核信用卡的信息的电子邮件，或者你能够访问他们的网站检查你的在线信用卡申请的状态。
It is very easy today to apply online for credit cards to all the major companies. You can apply for a personal or business credit card for an instant approval credit card. This will save your time and money in the long run.
如今在线申请信用卡相当容易。你可以申请一个即时批核个人或商务信用
卡， 这样可以节省时间和金钱。
Although credit cards are a popular form of payment for online purchases，many people resist appeal and simplicity of credit-card transactions due to security concerns. Customers fear fraud by
merchants and other parties. When you do apply online for a credit card，be sure that you are using a reputable company and that the credit card application is on a secure page. To ensure that the Web page is secure before you fill out the information for an online credit card, look at the Uniform Resource Locator ( URL). If it is https, it is a secure page and your information will be encrypted when sent.
尽管在线购买时信用卡是一种普遍的支付方式，其安全担忧使得很多人拒绝了其吸引力和简便性。顾客担心商家以及其他团体的欺诈行为。当在线申请信用卡时，要选择有信誉的公司，并且确保申请网页的安全性。在网上填写申请表之前， 请确保你是在一个安全的网页下进行的，看看URL信息是否正确。如果显示的是 https,那就证明是安全受保护的页面，你的信息将会被加密发送。 To accept credit-card payments, a merchant must have a merchant account with a bank. Traditional merchant accounts accept only POS ( Point-Of-Sale) transactions，or those that occur when you present your credit card at a store. With the growth in E-commerce ,specialized Internet merchant accounts have been established to handle online credit-card transactions. These include card-not-present ( CNP) transactions. For example, when purchasing on the Web, the card
number and expiration dates can be provided ，but the jnerchant does not see the actual card being used in the purchase. A merchant account can be established through either a bank or a third party service.
为接受信用卡支付，商家必须在银行开设商业账户。传统的商业账户只接受 POS交易，或当你在商店里提供信用卡时的买卖。随着电子商务的成长，已经开设了专用的网络商业账户去处理在线信用卡交易。这些包括无卡（CNP)交易。例如，当网上购物时，虽然提供了卡号和有效期，但商家看不到购物时实际使用的卡。商业账户可以通过银行或是通过第三方服务建立。 When making a purchase online using a credit card: 当使用信用卡在线购买时：
The buyer will be required to submit their credit-card number, expiration date and shipping and billing information. This information is sent securely over the Internet to the merchant.
买方需要提交其信用卡号码、有效期限、装运和账单信息，该信息通过互联网安全地送到商家。
The merchant submits the credit card information to the acquiring bank (the bank with which the merchant holds an account). 商家将信用卡信息提交到收款行（即商家开户的银行）。
There, the buyer’s account information is verified. This involves the issuing bank (the bank from which the buyer obtained the credit card and the credit-card association) .
买方账户信息从此得到验证。这牵涉到发卡银行（即买方获得信用卡的银行，
信用卡协会）。
Verification is received by the acquiring bank and is passed on to the merchant.
收款行收到证明，传给商家。 Shipping of the product. 商家装运发货。
Payment is issued to the merchant after the product has been shipped.
Digital cash数字现金
Digital cash is one example of digital currency, and is also referred to as script,E-cash, or digital coil. It is stored electronically and can be used to make online electronic payments. Digital cash accounts are similar to traditional bank accounts ： consumers deposit money into their digital cash accounts to be used in their digital transactions. Digital cash is often used with other payment technologies, such as electronic wallets. Aside from alleviating some of the security concerns many people have about online credit card transactions ，digital cash allows people who do not have credit cards to shop online. A consumer can buy digital cash and store it in an electronic wallet. The electronic wallet is electronically linked to the consumer’s bank account and can be refilled at any time. Since digital cash is drawn directly from a bank account, it very much resembles real cash. Digital cash is often used to pay for electronic goods,
such as software, games, and reference materials received over the Internet. Some forms of digital cash can be purchased online and then E-mailed to a recipient, who then can use it to purchase products from Web sites that accept E-cash payments.
数字现金是数字货币的一个例子。它是电子化存储并用于在线电子支付。数字现金账户类似于传统的银行存款：消费者将钱存人数字现金账户以用于其数字交易。数字现金常常随其他支付技术如电子钱包使用。这除了减少在线信用卡交易中许多人都有的安全考虑因素之外，数字现金允许那些没有信用卡的在线购物。顾客购买数字现金并存人电子钱包，电子钱包与顾客的银行账户相连，并可以随时注入资金。由于数字现金可直接从银行账户取出，它与真实的现金非常相似。数字现金通常用于支付电子货品，如软件、游戏以及来自互联网的相关材料。有些数字现金可通过在线购买然后寄予接收人，收到之后，就可以从接受电子现金支付的网站购买产品了。
This is a system that allows a person to pay for goods or services by transmitting a number from one computer to another. Like the serial numbers on real bills，the digital cash numbers are unique. Each one is issued by a bank and represents a specified sum of real money. One of the key features of digital cash is that： it is anonymous and reusable. While paying online by digital cash, it is impossible for merchant to obtain information about the buyer. This is one of the major differences between digital cash and credit card system ； another is that a digital cash certificate can be reused. Nowadays, digital cash transaction has
been quite common. A number of competing protocols appear and no one knows which will be the dominant one. Most digital cash systems start with a participating bank that issues cash number or other unique identifiers that carry a given value.
这是让个人通过将一个数字从一台计算机传送到另一台计算机的方式为产品或服务付款的系统。与真正钞票上的序号一样，数字现金的号码是各不相同的。每个号码均由某家银行发行并表示某特定数目的真实货币。数字现金的主要特征之一就是，它是不记名的、可以重复使用的。也就是说，当商家接受来自买方的数字现金时，他是不可能得到任何有关买方的资料的。这是数字现金和信用卡的主要差别之一，另一个就是数字现金可重复使用。如今，数字现金交易已相当平常。很多竞争草案出现在市场上，没有人知道哪一种将会主导市场。绝大多数数字现金始于银行，银行发行现金号码或其他特别的代表某种既定价值的标识符. Electronic wallet电子钱包
Electronic wallets, or E-wallet, are also referred to as digital wallet. An E-wallet is a software program that enables users to pay for goods on Web. It holds a user’s payment information in encrypted form to ensure its security. Once entered, the data can then be automatically and securely transferred to an online order form.
电子钱包，又称为数字钱包。是一种能使用户在互联网上支付货款的软件。它以加密形式保存用户的支付信息，以确保信息的安全性。数据一旦被输入，就自动转移到商家网站的订货域。
When using a electronic wallet, customer don’t need to fill out
order forms on each site when they purchase an item because the information has already been stored and is automatically updated and entered into the order fields across merchant sites. Customers also benefit when using electronic wallets because their information is encrypted or protected by a private software code. And merchant benefits by receiving protection against fraud.
使用电子钱包时，当消费者购买物品时，不需要填写每个站点上的订单，因为信息已经存储了，并自动更新和进入到商家站点的订货域。消费者使用电子钱包时也能得到好处，因为他们的信息被加密了，即由私人软件代码加以保护。商家也避免了受骗而得到保护，也从中获益。
Electronic wallets are available to customers free of charge, and they are fairly easy to obtain. For example, when a customer makes a purchase at a merchant’s site that is set up to handle server-side electronic wallets, he types his name and payment and shipping information into the merchant’s own form. At the end of the purchase, the customer is asked to sign up for a wallet of his choice by entering a user name and passport for futurepurchases. Users can also get wallets at a wallet vendor’s site. Although a wallet is free for customers，vendor charge merchants for wallets.
对顾客来说，电子钱包是免费的，可以相当容易得到。例如，当消费者在建立了处理服务器端电子钱包的商家网站上购买东西时，他把其名字、付款额和送货信息输入到商家自己的表格中。在购买结束时，他被要求为他选择的钱包签上
用户名和今后购买时的口令。用户也能从钱包供应商的站点上得到钱包。尽管电子钱包对 P客是免费的，然而却向商家收费。
Electronic wallets come in two main types： client-side and server-side. Within those divisions are wallets that work only on specific merchant sites and those that are merchant agnostic.
电子钱包分两大类：基于客户的和基于服务器的。在这些分类中是那些只在某些商家网站上工作的钱包和那些商家不可知的钱包。
Client-based electronic wallets, the older of the two types, are falling by the wayside, according to analysts, because they require users to download and install software. A user downloads the wallet application and inputs payment and mailing information. At that point，the information is secured and encrypted on the user’s hard drive. The user retains control of his credit card and personal information locally.
基于客户的电子钱包是两种钱包中较陈旧的一种，据分析人士称，这类钱包已 开始没人理踩了，因为它们要求用户下载和安装软件。用户下载钱包的应用程序并输人付款额和邮寄信息。在这个意义上，信息是安全的，并在用户的硬盘上进行了加密。用户在本地获得对其信用卡和个人信息的控制。
With a server-based wallet，a user fills out his personal information，and a cookie is automatically downloaded. ( A cookie is a text file that contains information about the user. ) In this situation, the consumer’s information resides on the server of a financial institution or an electronic wallet vendor rather than on the user’s PC.
使用基于服务器的钱包时，用户填写其个人信息，并自动下载cookie文件 (cookie文件是一个包括了有关用户信息的文本文件）。在这种情况下，顾客的信息 驻留在金融机构或者电子钱包供应商的服务器上，而不是用户的PC机上。 Server-side wallets provide assurance against merchant fraud because they use certificates to verify the identity of all parties. When a party makes a transaction, it presents its certificate to the other parties involved. A certificate is an attachment to an electronic message used to verify the identity of the party and to provide the receiver with the means to encode a reply.
服务器端钱包提供了针对商家欺骗的安全措施，因为它们使用证书，来验明各 方的身份。当一方进行交易时，它向涉及的另一方提交证书。证书附着在电子消息 上，用于验明另一方身份，并向接收方提供对回答进行编码的丰段。 Furthermore，the cardholder’s sensitive data is typically housed at a financial institution ，so there is an extra sense of security because financial environments generally provide the highest degree of security. Even though wallets provide easy shopping online, adoption hasn’t been widespread. Standards are pivotal to the success of digital wallets. 另外，信用卡持有人的敏感信息一般保存在金融机构内，由于金融环境通常提供最高等级的安全性，因而这又是一种额外的安全措施。但是即使钱包提供了方便的网上购物，尚未被广泛采用标准化是电子钱包能否成功的关键。 Smart card 智能卡
Smart card，a kind of card embedded with computer chip on the face. Because of this feature, it is able to hold more information than ordinary credit cards, such as making phone calls，accessing an Automatic Teller Machine ( ATM )，and paying for public transportation. Smart cards are also used to store personal identity, medical, and insurance information. Worldwide use of smart cards could dramatically increase as they become more sophisticated and capable of storing digital cash for use in handling online transactions.
智能卡是一种在卡面置入计算机芯片的卡。因为置入了计算机芯片，智能卡能比通常的信用卡储存更多的信息。如打电话、访问ATM机、支付公共交通费用， 智能卡还用于存储个人身份信息、医疗信息以及保险信息。由于智能卡在存储在线交易时使用的数字现金方面的优势，全球智能卡的使用将会急剧增加。 There are contact and contactless smart cards. In order to read the information on the smart card and update information on the computer chip, contact smart cards need to be placed in a smart card reader. A contactless smart card has both a coiled antenna and a computer chip inside，enabling the card to transmit information. The contactless card enables faster information exchange than is possible using a contact smart card. For example， contactless cards are convenient for
transportation services，such as an automatic toll payment. A contactless smart card can be placed in a device in your car to charge your account as you drive through toll booths. Compared with credit card, smart cards
have a higher level of security, as smart cards can require the user to have a password. Information can be designed as “read only” or as “no access”. Security measures such as encryption can also be used. To address security concerns, the card can have a picture on its face to identify the user.
智能卡可分为接触式和非接触式，为了读取智能卡上的信息和更新电脑芯片上的信息，接触式智能卡需要放入智能卡阅读器、非接触式智能卡有一个线圈天线和电脑内置芯片，使卡能传输信息，它比接触式智能卡的信息交换速度要快。比如非接触式智能卡便于交通费支付方面的交通服务。当你通过交费站时，安装在你汽车里某个设备中的非接触式智能卡能自动缴费。智能卡会要求用户输入密码，从而具有比信用卡更安全的优点。信息可设计为“只读”和“禁入”，也使用像加密之类的安全措施。为表示对安全问题的关注，卡面上设有图像来识别用户。
Vocabulary
agnostic adj.不可知的 analyst n.(计）分析员
anonymous adj.匿名的；不知姓名的 chip n.芯片
dedicated adj.(尤指人）献身于（理想，事业等）的；热忱的
dominant adj.支配的；占优势的 downloadable adj.可下载的
eligible adj.合适的；适宜的；符合条件的 embed v.(使）插入；（使）嵌入，嵌于 encode v.(计）编码 identifier n.(计）标识符 initiate v.开始；创始；发动 instantly adv.立即；立刻 invoice n.发票；账单 mouse n.(计）鼠标 pivotal adj.关键的 refill v.再填满；再注满
reputable adj.有声望的；名誉好的 resist v.抵制；抗拒；不接受 retain v.保持；保留；记住 reusable adj.可重新使用的
submit v.递交；提交；投降；服从 tangible adj.可触摸的；确实的；真实的 transaction n.交易；事务；业务 transfer v.传递；转移；转让 valid adj.有效的；正当的 vendor n.商贩；卖主
widespread adj.广泛分布的；普遍的 apply for 申请
instant approval credit card 及时批核信用卡 expiration date 有效期电子商务英语 32.acquiring bank收款行 33.issuing bank发卡行 34.digital cash数字现金 35.electronic wallet 电子钱包
36.client-side E-wallet 基于客户的电子钱包 37.server-side E-wallet 基于服务器的电子钱包 38.smart card智能卡
39.contact smart card 接触式智能卡 40.contactless smart card 非接触式智能卡 41.coiled antenna线圈天线 42.toll booth收费站 Notes
1. URL (UniformResource Locator, URL),统一资源定位符,
是用于完整地描述Internet上网页和其他资源的地址的一种标识方法。Internet上的每一个网页都有一个唯一的名称标识，通常称之为URL地址，这种地址可以是本地磁盘，也可以是局域网上的某一台计算机，更多的是Internet上的站点。简单地说，URL就是Web地址，俗称“网址”。
POS (Point of Sales),意为销售点终端。销售点终端通过网络与银行主机系
统连接，工作时，将信用卡在POS机上“刷卡”并输人有关业务信息（交易种 类、交易金额、密码等），由POS机将获得的信息通过网络送给银行主机进行相应处理后，向POS机返回处理结果，从而完成一笔交易。 CNP (card-not-present) transactions,隐形卡交易
ATM (Automatic TeUer Machine) ATM自动取款机，是由计算机控制的持卡人自我服务型的金融专用设备。
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