情态动词讲解归纳(总6页)
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链接中考语法:情态动词 一、情态动词的特点:
情态动词,又叫情态助动词。它们具有以下特点:
⑴ 它们必须与其他动词连用,即:情态动词+动词原形,表示说话人对所述动作的看法,如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等。
⑵ 绝大多数情态动词没有人称和数的变化,即第三人称单数不加-s(以be和have 开头的情态动词短语除外)。
⑶ 在意义上,情态动词具有“多义性”。例如:can既可表示能力,又可表示可能、允许等意义。
二、部分情态动词的基本用法: 1. can的基本用法:
⑴ 表示体力或智力上的能力,即“能够,会”,可与be able to转换。例如:He can speak English. / He is able to speak English. 他会讲英语。Can you play basketball? — No, I can’t. 你会打篮球吗— —我不会。
如果表示将来具备的能力,要用will be able to。例如:If I have a good sleep, I will be able to do the problem. 假如我睡个好觉,我就能做那道题目了。
⑵ 表示许可,主要用于口语,书面语一般用may。例如:Can we go home now, please? — No, you can’t. 我们可以现在就回家吗— —不可以。You can only smoke in this room. 你只能在这间房间里抽烟。You can’t keep the library books for more than a month. 图书馆的书借期不可超过一个月。
⑶ 表示“可能”,与may同义,但一般用在疑问句中。例如:What can he possibly want 他可能会想要什么呢 另外,在否定句中,否定形式can’t表示推测“不大可能”。例如:Anybody can make mistakes. 任何人都可能会犯错误。The news can’t be true. 那消息不大可能是真的。
与第一、二人称连用时,还可以就可能的解决问题的方式或可能的行为提出建议。在这里,也可用could使语气婉转。例如:Can / Could we meet again
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next week 下周我们可以再见面吗What shall we do — We can / could try asking Lucy for help. 我们怎么办呢—
—我们可以请露茜帮忙试试看。You can / could help me with the cooking. 你可以帮我做饭。 2. may的基本用法:
⑴ 表示“许可”,用can比较口语化。例如:You may / can come if you wish. 如果你想来,你就来。You may not pick flowers in this park. 本公园内不许摘花。(may not表示按规定不许可,如果用mustn’t则表示说话人不许可。)May I smoke here No, you mustn’t. 我可以在这里抽烟吗不行。(mustn’t表示明确的禁止。)
⑵ 肯定句中表示推测,“可能”。例如:It may rain tomorrow. 明天可能会下雨。The news may not be true. 这个消息可能不会是真的。 注意:如果在疑问句中表示“可能”,通常用can。例如:Can it be true 那会是真的吗Who can he be 他究竟是谁呢 ⑶ 注意:May I/we……
Yes,you may. No, you mustn’t.
3. must的基本用法:
⑴ 表示必须,强调说话人的主观意志。例如:I must go now, or I’ll be late. 我必须现在就走,否则就迟到了。
You must be here by ten o’clock. 你一定要在10点钟前到这里。 注意:表示“必须“时,must的否定式为needn’t,或don’t have to ,而不是mustn’t。也就是: Must I/we……
Yes, you must. No, you needn’t/don’t have to. 例如:Must I go with them? No, you needn’t. 我必须跟他们走吗?不必。
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⑵ 表示推测,一般只用于肯定陈述句,表示非常肯定。例如:She didn’t look at me. She must be angry. 她不朝我看,一定是生气了。He is good at English. He must know the word. 他英语好,准知道这个词。You must be Mr. Jones. 想必您就是琼斯先生吧。 4. have to的基本用法:
have to可视为情态动词,但它与其他情态动词在用法上稍有不同。其他情态动词没有人称和数的变化,而have to却要视主语的不同而变化。例如:I / You / We / They have to…. He / She / It has to…. You don’t have to….Does she have to…
have to又作have got to,意思是“必须,不得不”。和must不同,must强调主观需要;have to强调客观需要。例如:Sorry, I have to leave now. 对不起,现在我得走了。I’ve got to go to a meeting. 我得去参加一个会议。Will he have to work deep into the night 他将不得不工作到深夜吗You don’t have to knock – just walk in. 你不必敲门,直接进来就行。(don’t have to = needn’t)
1) 情态动词must及其否定形式 must not
must 译为“必须做------”其否定意义“不必做-------”,用don`t have to 表示,而不用must not 。如: ——must Ifinish it tonight?
——No, you don`t have to.
而must not 译作“禁止做--------”。如: You must not throw litter about.
Don`t throw litter about.别到处乱扔垃圾。 2) 情态动词may
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may有两种含义,表示请求允许,译作“可以”。如: May I come in 我可以进来吗 表示推测,译作“可能”。如:
You may get a headache when you work too hard.当你工作太累时你可能回感到头疼。
You may get a headache when you can`t get enough sleep. 当你睡眠不足时,你可能会头疼。
一、典型例题:
【2014连云港】— I know by what time you want the project to be done?
—By the day after tomorrow. you finish it on
time?
A. May; Can B. Must; Need
D. Need; Would
【2014长沙】—Who’s singing in the garden?
—It be Mr. Brown. He always practices singing at this time.
A. must
C. need
B. can’t
C. Could; Must
【2014河北】I ______ follow you. Would you please repeat it
A. can’t
D. shouldn’t
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B. mustn’t C. needn’t
【2014北京】—Must I hand in my homework now, Mr. Smith?
—No, you _______.
A. can’t D. needn’t
B. shouldn’t
C. wouldn’t
【2014扬州】—Excuse me, may I keep the book a little longer?
—Sorry. You ________ return it today.
二、课堂练习:
( )1.—Hello! May I speak to Mary?
—_______
A.I’m Mary.
C.This is Mary speaking.
B.Mary is me. D.I’m speaking.
( )2.My mother asked you _______ when you come back.
her up
( )3.You should _______ when your parents aren’t at home.
A.look yourself after C.take care yourself
B.take care for yourself
D.take care
A.ring up her B.ring her up
C.to ring up her D.to ring
of yourself
( )4.—May I ask you some questions, Dr. Wang?
—_______ ahead.
must.
( )5.—Must I take part in the activity?
C.No, I’m busy.
D.Yes, you
A.You’re welcome.
B.Sure, go
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—No, you _______. You’re too young. You should look after yourself.
have to
( )6.—Who taught _______ Japanese?
—I learned it by _______.
A.you; myself C.yourself; me
B.your; myself D.yourself; myself
A.mustn’t
B.don’t
C.can’t
D.don’t
( )7. Longlong’s father is a businessman. He is very busy, so Longlong only talks _______ him _______ the phone.
A.to; in
B.with; by
C.with; on
D.to; by
( )8.—_______ to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
—You are right.
A.That’s our duty
B.This is our duty C.It’s
our duty D.The duty is ( )9.—May I watch TV, Mom?
—I’m afraid you _______.
A.should not B.can’t
C.must not
D.may not
( )10.She was afraid of _______ SARS because it was dangerous.
A.catch
B.catches
C.caught
D.catching
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