DESIGN: PATEL TAYLOR AND GROUPE SIGNES
基地历史
泰晤士河岸公园位于泰晤士河北岸,大约有9hm。 这块基地原来是工业用地, 建有一个化工厂、2
染色工厂和一个军备工厂。 随着整个伦敦港区工业活动的普遍衰退,这几家工厂也随之没落,最后只留下这一片被废弃的场地以及被污染的土壤和地下水。 在1969年以后,废弃的厂房就没有被再启用,建筑逐渐被推倒摧毁,到1995年时,整片基地被碾碎的混凝土所覆盖。伦敦市府在1970年取得了这块地,并主要把它用作泰晤士河防洪设拦的工地。
文脉
1982到1986年间, 伦敦港区发展公司(LDDC)成立并开始实行开发皇家码头的计划。1985年,“皇家码头开发草案”出台,这为以后英国最大的城市再生工程奠定了基础。 草案里提到:“建立一道新景观是最初基础投资的核心。有必要吸引必需的质量和数量上的外部投资——港区基地的开发须是最高质量的,同时为该地区提供更好的环境。”
开发草案的修订明确提到了泰晤士河岸公园,并建议该公园应该和北伍尔维奇(NorthWoolwich)路北面的浮桥码头连通。在名为“皇家-国际的机会”的修订案中,有3个内容成为以后重建的重点:
1. 皇家维多利亚广场2. 浮桥码头都市村落3. 泰晤士河岸公园
从1985年到1995年,围绕该项目做了一系列的研究,最后到1995年7月,LDDC举办一场国际设计竞赛。
竞赛
竞赛简章规定了以下主要设计标准:“泰晤士河岸公园及其相关的开发有可能是迎接2000年最重要的景观和城市设计项目。 作为本世纪主要的工程业绩, 这个公园将会是20世纪伦敦泰晤士河沿岸唯一的新的公共园地。由于基地的特殊性, 公园和住宅的方案设计都更具挑战性, 而主办方也要求在皇家码头创造出尽可能高质量的新的城市区域。 这意味着该方案必须成功地表达出整个都市的期望,同时满足该地区居民的休闲需要。”
这个公园建议以公共基金的投资方式创建,期望借此促进周边地区私人产业的发展。在200多个国际参赛者中,西涅斯(Signes)集团、帕特尔·
1 公园鸟瞰/Aerial view of the park
2 绿色码头轴测图/Green dock axonometric
世界建筑6/2002泰勒(Patel Taylor)和阿勒普(Arup)事务所的的几何线形从视觉和实体上将公园和上面的浮桥码合作设计赢得了竞赛。
头和皇家维多利亚码头联系在一起。 这样的布局决设计意图定了将来整个地区的建筑构成。
竞赛方案中写道:
2. 考虑到原来该地区的地质情况、人为的开挖“这部分港区的未来取决于泰晤士河岸公园的和后来码头建筑物的回填,这片公园由高地和绿色成功与否。我们要创造的不止是夹在建筑剩余空间码头所组成,而这两部分反过来恰被用作公园里截当中的又一个“绿肺”,而是一个特殊的将文化意味然不同的两种用途。
融于其自身的个性之中的空间。
组合与布置
为呼应该基地的文化历史和特定的背景,我们公园内的组合形式是混合式的, 犹如乡村般带采用了清晰大胆的景观设计理念。 无论是从公园的状散布的林地和高地上的草坪形成鲜明的对比,整体性到特殊性,还是从景观到城市设计再到建筑草地被一个设计精致的“彩虹园”分为两半,绿色的角度,我们都予以充分的考虑。 我们最关心的是码头内被修剪成波浪般起伏的紫杉树四季常青。如何建立一个丰富的引人动心的公共空间——一个公园的外围是阶梯状的花园,园内色彩斑斓的灌和周边环境清晰合理地编织在一起的公园。”
木和有组织种植的榉树形成的节奏感是绿色码头我们的设计手法有这样两部分:
内布局的延续。再向外延续是泰晤士河边的步行1. 简洁的设计有益于强调景观的重要性。 强烈
道。
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3 总平面/Site plan 1-入口/ Entrance
2-停车场/ Car park
3-喷泉广场/ Fountain plaza 4-娱乐场/ Pavilion
5-娱乐场前广场/ Pavilion terrace 6-1号桥/ Bridge 1
7-绿色码头/ Green dock 8-2号桥/ Bridge 2
9-南广场及天篷/ South plaza & canopy
10-西侧边界/ West periphery 11-北侧边界/ West periphery 12-东侧边界/ East periphery 13-河堤大道/ River promenade 14-公园开阔地/ Park plateau 15-活动区/ Events area 16-游戏区/ Play area 17-3号桥/ Bridge 3
4、5 南入口广场及天篷/South plaza & canopy6 喷泉广场/Fountain plaza7 绿色码头/Green dock
66世界建筑6/2002
路标和细部
第二层的路标同时也指明了第三层内的详细布置,路标设在路的直角交接处以供人们辨认道路。在北入口广场, 喷水管的布置就反映出景观布局的变化。在南入口广场是一个纪念展览馆,看起来就像几根随意安放的钢柱架着一个悬浮着的木顶棚。 两段架桥交叉穿过绿色码头,钢梁架着木地面的桥身赋予整个公园以三维的透视效果。
正如整体的景观设计将田园的自由风格与整齐正式的风格形成对比,细部的设计上也采用了大量不同纹理的对比。丰富充裕的细部设计贯穿整个公园,例如,扶手的主体结构是铸铁,而当人们触及更适于触摸的木质栏杆,仿佛唤起对旧港区传统的追忆。用混凝土墙框住的修剪过的绿色植物墙,以及混凝土墙上的花岗石条纹都令人回想起基地原有的地层肌理。
发动城市——促进再生
高品质的公共城市空间在创造成功的城市区域中扮演着关键的角色,泰晤士河岸公园即使在2000年11月正式开放的时候已经对周边地区构成了重大积极的影响。 基地西面的住宅区已在1998年售出,住宅单体现已竣工。 大多数的开发项目都已提前售完——直接面向公园的房子借着这一卖点甚至成为伦敦卖得最快的房子。 西北面“布里塔尼亚住宅村”的开发也在加紧,小区内尽可能多的加了住宅,还加了一座小学和一座商场。有公共开放空间靠近住宅将是有利于社区交流发展的关键因素。
附近基地的开发带动了一个值得注意的连锁反应,在泰晤士河岸公园西面的石油湾基地上的储油箱和建筑被拆除了,一个多用途的开发计划申请预计会在接下来的几个月内提交。现在开始开发的是东面原来的废品堆放场。有趣的是周边地区也在考虑重建。
许多住宅开发很可能向中到高密度发展,这样一来,泰晤士河岸公园作为当地社区中一个重要的公共空间和绿地被充分利用。这种由周围私人住户筹资得到的公共基金来兴建开放空间的作法是一个值得借鉴的范例,作为一个成功的城市、建筑和景观设计,它同时也成功地促成一部新的城市篇章。□(陈冰 译)
世界建筑6/200267
(Brittania)Site History
Thames Barrier Park is on the north bank ofthe river, covering about 9 hectares. The sitewas formerly industrial, housing a chemicalworks, a dyeworks, and an armaments factory,amongst others. These industries declined - asa part of the widespread decay in activitythroughout the London Docklands - leavingthe site derelict and the soils and groundwatercontaminated. There is no record of anymanufacturing on the site after 1969 andbuildings were gradually demolished and thesite capped off with crushed concrete in 1995.The Greater London Council acquired the thenderelict site in 1970, primarily as a constructionsite for the Thames Flood Prevention Barrier.
Context
Between 1982 ̄1986 the LondonDocklands Development Corporation wasestablishing itself and beginning to implementits development strategy for the Royal Docksand in 1985 published "A Draft DevelopmentFramework for the Royal Docks". The documentset the scene for the largest urban regenerationproject in the country. The 1985 Frameworkstated:
"A new landscape is an essential part ofthe initial investment in infrastructure. It isnecessary to attract the necessary quality andquantity of outside investment - Docklands hasto match the quality of the best alternativedevelopment sites - as well as to provide betterconditions locally".
The update of the Draft DevelopmentFramework makes specific reference to theThames Barrier Park and suggests that the parkshould link to the Pontoon Dock to the northernside of the North Woolwich Road (LDDC 1992).Within the updated framework document "TheRoyals - The International Opportunity", therewere three key strategic components for thenext regeneration stage of the Royal Docks:
68·Royal Victoria Square·Pontoon Dock Urban Village·The Thames Barrier Park
Between 1985 and 1995 a number ofstudies were carried out culminating in July1995, when the LDDC held an internationaldesign competition.
Competition
The competition brief set out the maindesign criteria as follows:
"The Thames Barrier Park and its associateddevelopment is perhaps the most importantlandscape and urban design challenge in theyears leading to the Millennium. Located besidethe Thames Barrier, one of the major engineeringachievements this century, the park will beLondon's only new riverside public park of anysignificant size to be built during the 20th century.The character of both the park and theresidential scheme needs to rise to the challengeof the very special location of the site and theCorporation's determination to create a newcity district of the highest possible quality forLondon in the Royal Docks. This means that thescheme must successfully address themetropolitan promise of the site as well as therecreational needs of the local population".
The proposal was to create a publicity-funded park which would act as a catalyst forprivate development of the surrounding areas.The competition was won with a design byGroupe Signes/Patel Taylor/Arup from a fieldshortlisted from over 200 international entrants.
Design Approach
The competition design response stated:"The future of this part of the Docklandsdepends on the success of the Thames BarrierPark. It is our ambition to create somethingmore than another 'green lung' salvaged fromthe leftover space between buildings; insteadwe aim for a special place of culturalsignificance with its own clear identity.
In response to the cultural, historic andspecific physical context of the site, a clearand bold landscaping concept is adopted.The Park has been considered from the generalto the particular, from landscaping to urbandesign to building. Our primary concern is tocreate a rich and inviting public space - a parkthat knits into its surroundings through a clearand logical urban strategy".
Our approach is therefore twofold:Firstly, to give the Park a strong landscapesignificance, simple strategies are adopted.The strong geometry of the design createslines in the landscape; visually and physicallyconnecting the park to Pontoon Dock andRoyal Victoria Dock beyond. This layoutdetermines the future architecturalcomposition of the whole area.
Secondly, our approach responds to theman made topography of the area and thedock construction of cut and fill. The park isorganised by the plateau and the green dock;these in turn organise contrasting settings fordifferent uses of the park.
Composition and Settings
The composition is therefore mixed,contrasting a rustic striped woodlandinterspersed with meadows on the plateaubisected by a sophisticated 'rainbow' gardenof perennials inlaid with waves of pruned yewin the green dock. This composition is 'bound'together by layered gardens on the peripherywhere rhythms of coloured shrubs andstructured beech continue to resume theconstruction of the green dock. A more formalriver promenade edges the Thames.
Punctuation and Detail
A secondary layer of markers punctuatethe composition with a tertiary layer of detail.The markers punctuate the orthogonalgeometry and act as wayfinding deviceswithin the park. At the north entrance plaza,
世界建筑6/2002
water jets mirror the movement of thelandscaping. At the south plaza, convergingon the Thames Barrier, a Pavilion ofRemembrance is formed from a 'grove' ofrandom steel columns and hovering canopyof timber. The Green Dock is crossed by twosimple bridges composed of steel beams anda slung timber floor giving a three dimensionalview of the park.
As the landscape contrasts rustic withformal, the detail contrasts a variety oftextures. The detailing is robust throughout,for instance the main handrail structure is acasting of iron evoking the Dockland'sheritage with a tactile rail of iroko - softer tothe touch. Likewise, the clipped green wallsof the cutting are framed with insitu concrete'bookends' with granite banding recalling thestrata of the site.
Initiating the City: Catalysing RegenerationAs proof that high quality, public urbanspace plays a key role in creating successfulurban areas, the Thames Barrier Park - evenat the time of its official opening in November
8 绿色码头/Green dock9、11 天篷/Canopy10 娱乐场/Pavilion
世界建筑6/2002open space near to these houses will be akey factor in helping the community todevelop.
There is a noticeable 'ripple effect', withdevelopment activity beginning at nearbysites. Tanks and buildings on the Gulf Oil site tothe west of Thames Barrier Park have beendismantled and a planning application isexpected to be submitted within the comingmonths for a mixed use development.Development has now begun on the site of
2000 - has already had a significant positivethe former scrapyard to the east. Interest iseffect on the surrounding area. The housingalso being shown in regenerating other sites inplot to the west was sold to in 1998 andthe vicinity.
construction of the residential units is nowMuch of this residential development iscomplete. Much of this development waslikely to be medium-to-high density, and withsold in advance - the attraction of livingthis, Thames Barrier Park will be an importantdirectly adjacent to a park being a significantand well-used area of open space andfactor in making it one of the fastest sellinggreenery for the local community. The idea ofhousing developments in London. Thecreating a publicly funded open space withdevelopment of "Brittania Village" to the northsurrounding private housing is a model thatwest is also progressing, adding morecan be copied. As a successful composition ofaffordable housing, a primary school andurban design, architecture and landscape it isshopping to the area. The proximity of public
successfully initiating a new piece of the city.□
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