Unit 1 The Perfect Swarm
Narrator: Damage from swarms of locusts can reach disastrous proportions. A single swarm of desert locusts can consume over 70,000 metric tons of vegetation a day. There is, however, one continent that’s locust-free: North America.
旁白：蝗虫群的伤害可以达到灾难性的程度。一个单一的沙漠蝗虫可以消耗超过70000吨的植被一天。然而，有一个大陆是蝗虫自由：美国北部。
Interestingly enough, this wasn’t always true. For hundreds of years, the Rocky Mountain locust was a common pest in the American West. Back in the mid-1800s, thousands of pioneers journeyed across the U.S. in search of free land and new opportunities. They settled on the frontier of the western states, and began to farm the land intensively, growing corn and other crops.
有趣的是，这并不总是真实的。几百年来，落基山脉的蝗虫是美国西部的一种常见害虫。早在19世纪中叶，成千上万的先驱者跨越美国在自由的土地和寻找新的机会。他们定居在西部边境，并开始对土地进行集中耕种，种植玉米和其他农作物。
Then, in 1875, out of nowhere, a rare combination of air currents, drought, and basic biology produced the right conditions for an unthinkable event, the worst storm ever recorded, the “perfect swarm.” It came over the horizon like a strange, dark cloud. Not millions, not billions, but trillions of insects, sweeping through the land like a living tornado. Those who saw the incredible event and survived never
forgot what they witnessed.
然后，在1875，走出无处，一个罕见的组合，空气电流，干旱，和基本生物学产生了正确的条件为一个不可想象的事件，最坏的风暴有史以来，“完美的群”，它在地平线上像一个奇怪的，黑暗的云。不是上百万，不是数十亿，而是数以万亿计的昆虫，像一个活生生的龙卷风席卷过大地。那些看到了令人难以置信的事件，并幸存下来的人从来没有忘记他们见证了什么。
The swarm came together over the state of Texas, and soon moved quickly across the frontier in a huge destructive cloud that was nearly 3,000 kilometers long. The storm spread north towards North Dakota. The locusts eventually went as far west as the Rocky Mountains, leaving a path of devastation and destruction wherever they went.
群聚在德克萨斯州的上空，并很快在一个巨大的破坏性的云，是近3000公里长的边界迅速移动。风暴向北到了北。蝗虫最终在落基山脉的西部，离开了一条破坏性的道路和毁灭的道路。
An account from one person who observed the swarm described the locust storm. The locusts came down from the sky like hail. Frightened people ran screaming into their homes as the locusts’ claws dug into their skin and hung upon their clothing. They heard sharp cracks as the insects came underfoot. The large locusts were everywhere, looking with hungry eyes turning this way and that. Their bodies blocked the sun, bringing darkness along with the destruction.
一个来自一个人的帐户，观察到群描述了蝗虫风暴。蝗虫从空中落下如冰雹。当蝗虫的爪子被挖进他们的皮，挂在他们的衣服上时，吓得人们尖叫着进入他们的家里。随着昆虫来踩在脚下他们听到尖锐的裂缝。大蝗虫到处都是，看着饥饿的眼睛转动着这样的方式。他们的身体挡住了太阳，带来了黑暗与毁灭。
Crop damages were absolutely astonishing. If such destruction were to happen today it would cost an estimated US$116 billion, more than the most costly hurricane in American history. And then, something remarkable happened: the Rocky Mountain locust simply vanished.
农作物的损害是绝对惊人的。如果这样的破坏将发生在今天，它将花费大约116美元，超过了美国历史上最昂贵的飓风。然后，一些非凡的事情发生了：落基山脉的蝗虫简直就消失了。
At the University of Wyoming, entomologist Dr. Jeff Lockwood has spent over a decade investigating why the Rocky Mountain locust disappeared.
在怀俄明大学的昆虫学家杰夫博士，她已经花了超过十年调查为什么落基山蝗虫消失。
Dr. Jeff Lockwood, University of Wyoming: “There were probably more locusts in the largest swarm than there are stars in the Milky Way — trillions. Not only is something of that scale and magnitude and power gone, but it’s gone within a few years. It’s not as if we had a tremendous series of earthquakes or tidal waves or forest fires. And so it doesn’t make sense that it could’ve gone extinct. There’s no reason for it to have done so. It’s a great mystery.”
杰夫博士：怀俄明大学洛克伍德，“有可能是更多的蝗虫在最大的群有比银河系中的恒星万亿。这不仅是一种规模和规模和力量去了，但它在几年内消失了。这并不是因为我们有一系列的地震或海啸或森林火灾。因此，它没有意义，它可能已经灭绝。没有理由这么做了。这是一个伟大的奥秘。”
Narrator: It’s a mystery that Lockwood is determined to solve. Whatever wiped out the Rocky Mountain locust changed American history. Exactly what could have destroyed a plague nearly 3,000 kilometers long? Lockwood is on the case. He starts the investigation with the victim itself. Unfortunately, very few locust specimens exist, and those that do are often in bad condition.
旁白：这是一个谜，她下决心要解决。无论是什么，消灭了落基山脉的蝗虫改变了美国历史。到底是什么能摧毁一个瘟疫近3000公里长？洛克伍德的情况。他开始调查受害者本身。不幸的是，极少数的蝗虫标本存在，那些做的往往是在恶劣的条件下。
Dr. Lockwood: “So what we have is a body of evidence of the victim in its dying moments, alright, but we don’t know what the life of the victim looked like when it was flourishing. The next opportunity we have for a major set of clues is locked up in the ice of the glaciers of the Rocky Mountains.”
Lockwood博士：“我们是在死亡的时候，身体的受害者的证据，好吧，但是我们不知道受害者的生活看起来像当它蒸蒸日上。下一次机会，我们要一大套线索被锁在冰的岩石山脉的冰川。
Narrator: Lockwood is headed to Knife Point Glacier, Wyoming, not far from
Yellowstone National Park. For centuries, strong winds would sweep swarms of locusts high into the mountains, where they would freeze to death.
旁白：洛克伍德前往刀点的冰川，怀俄明，离黄石公园不远。几百年来，强风将蝗虫群中的蝗虫群高到山上，在那里它们将被冻成死亡。
Dr. Lockwood: “These glaciers serve as both traps and sort of icy tombs for the Rocky Mountain locust. Were we looking at a long, slow death, or were we looking at a sudden demise?”
Lockwood博士：“这些冰川作为陷阱和落基山蝗虫冰冷的坟墓排序。我们是在寻找一个漫长、缓慢的死亡，还是我们在看着一个突然死亡？“
Narrator: By extracting DNA samples from specimens frozen over a period of time, Lockwood may be able to specify exactly what caused the extinction of the insects. The good news for the expedition is that there could be locust specimens anywhere, but the bad news is that “anywhere” includes thousands of square meters covered with snow and ice. Then, on one of the steeper parts of the mountain, Lockwood sees something.
旁白：在经过一段时间的冰冻标本提取DNA样本，洛克伍德可以指定究竟是什么原因导致昆虫的灭绝。探险的好消息是，这里可能有蝗虫标本，但坏消息是，“任何地方”包括数千平方米，覆盖着冰雪。然后，在一个山的陡峭的部分，洛克伍德看到的东西。
Dr. Lockwood: “Check it out!”
Lockwood博士：“检查出来！“
Lockwood’s Colleague: “A whole body?”
洛克伍德的同事：“整个身体？“
Dr. Lockwood: “It looks like it.”
Lockwood博士：“它看起来像它一样。”
Lockwood’s Colleague: “Head, thorax, and abdomen?”
洛克伍德的同事：“头，胸，腹？“
Dr. Lockwood: “Look, you can see the wings.”
Lockwood博士：“看，你可以看到的翅膀。”
Narrator: Lockwood will take the locusts back to his laboratory to examine them more closely. If they’re the right species, they could help solve one of the greatest extinction mysteries of our time.
旁白：洛克伍德将蝗虫回到他的实验室仔细检查。如果他们是正确的物种，他们可以帮助解决我们这个时代最大的灭绝之谜之一。
Dr. Lockwood: “To get my hands on the body, in terms of this murder mystery,
was critically important.”
Lockwood博士：“把我的手放在身上，在这个神秘的谋杀，是非常重要的。”
Narrator: A look under the microscope reveals the signs.
旁白：显微镜下观察的迹象。
Dr. Lockwood: “At that moment, I knew that we had the Rocky Mountain locust.”
Lockwood博士：“在那一刻，我知道我们有落基山蝗虫。”
Narrator: It’s an exact match. They’re the same species of locusts that once devastated the American plains. Lockwood’s study of the Rocky Mountain locust has told him more and more about this odd insect. They seem to have split personalities. On one hand, as members of the grasshopper family, they’re generally shy and remain alone. But when annoyed in just the right way, the once gentle locust changes completely into some kind of destructive monster. They change color and their wings and legs grow longer. Eventually, they become more aggressive and swarm, whereby they become a kind of living, breathing weapon of mass destruction.
旁白：这是完全匹配。 他们是曾经摧毁美国平原的同一种蝗虫。 洛克伍德对落基山蝗虫的研究已经越来越多地告诉他这种奇怪的昆虫。 他们似乎有分裂的性格。 一方面，
作为蚱蜢家族的成员，他们通常都很害羞并且一个人待着。 但是当以正确的方式生气时，曾经温柔的蝗虫会完全变成某种破坏性的怪物。 它们会改变颜色，翅膀和腿长得更长。 最终，它们变得更具攻击性和群体性，从而成为一种生机勃勃的大规模杀伤性武器。
Dr. Lockwood: “Nobody’s in charge. There’s no leader, there’s nobody out in front.”
Lockwood博士：“没人负责。没有领袖，前面没有人。”
Narrator: Back in the laboratory, the locusts are revealing their secrets. The DNA test results are back and they’ve indicated one certain fact: the Rocky Mountain locust didn’t decline over a long period of time.
旁白：在实验室里，蝗虫正在揭露他们的秘密。脱氧核糖核酸测试结果是回来的，他们已经指出了一个事实：落基山脉的蝗虫在很长一段时间内没有下降。
Dr. Lockwood: “It was not sort of a death by old age. In fact, what we’re looking at is a very sudden sort of ‘bolt out of the blue’ disappearance. There’s nothing in the genetic course of this species that would lead us to believe that it was in its last days.”
博士：“这不是那种洛克伍德的老年死亡。事实上，我们所期待的是一种非常突然的“螺栓”消失。在这个物种的基因过程中，没有什么能使我们相信它是在它的最后几天。”
Narrator: Some other force must have been responsible for destroying the
plague, and Lockwood is determined to find it.
旁白：其他力量必须是负责消灭瘟疫，和洛克伍德决定找到它。
Dr. Lockwood: “I began to realize that we’ve been looking at the wrong scale. If we want to find out perhaps what eliminated the Rocky Mountain locust, what we should be looking for is what was happening to the species at the time of its weakest link.”
Lockwood博士：“我开始意识到，我们一直在寻找错误的规模。如果我们想找出可能消除了落基山脉的蝗虫，我们应该寻找的是什么是发生在该物种在其最薄弱的环节。”
Narrator: Now, after years of research, Lockwood may finally be able to solve the mystery of why the Rocky Mountain locust disappeared. It turns out that the Rocky Mountain locust gathered in one particular region to lay its eggs. In the 1800s, that region was in the river valleys of the Rocky Mountains.
旁白：现在，经过多年的研究，她终于可以回答这个落基山蝗虫消失。原来，落基山脉的蝗虫聚集在一个特定的地区产卵。在19世纪，该地区是在落基山脉的河谷。
Dr. Lockwood: “It turned out that agriculture was booming in these river valleys in the late 1800s.”
Lockwood博士：“原来，农业是在19世纪后期在这些流域蓬勃发展。”
Narrator: The gold and silver industries were booming as well. The major
nesting area of the rocky Mountain locust had become a busy and overcrowded place; therefore, conditions there would certainly have had an effect on any species.
旁白：黄金和白银行业也在蓬勃发展。落基山脉蝗虫的主要筑巢区域成了一个繁忙而拥挤的地方，因此，那里肯定会对任何物种产生影响。
Dr. Lockwood: “The killer of the Rocky Mountain locust turns out to be us. The pioneer agriculturalist of the Rocky Mountain West in the late 1800s is the killer of the Rocky Mountain locust.”
Lockwood博士：“落基山蝗虫杀手原来是我们。19世纪后期的落基山脉西部拓荒农民是落基山蝗虫的杀手。”
Narrator: As farms appeared in the river valleys to feed the miners, the farmers plowed up the fields and stamped out the delicate eggs that had been laid by the great swarm. By not allowing the eggs to mature into full-grown locusts, the species was entirely destroyed at its weakest — when the insects were just eggs. The only extinction of a pest species in agricultural history was in fact an accident.
讲述者：当农场出现在河谷为矿工提供食物时，农民们耕种田地，剔除了大群所放下的精致鸡蛋。 由于不允许卵子成熟为成熟的蝗虫，物种在其最弱的时候被完全摧毁 - 当昆虫只是卵子时。 农业历史上唯一的灭绝物种实际上是一次事故。
Unit 2 The Red Devils
Narrator: Dr. Bob Gilly is a neurobiologist at Hopkins Marine Station in Pacific Grove, California. He’s studied squid for more than 20 years. His most recent study of Humboldt squid, sometimes called “red devils,” tracked the movements of almost 1,000 squid off the coast of Santa Rosalia, Mexico. Two months later, the squid began to appear across the Gulf of California, near Guaymas. To get a closer look at the giant squid and, hopefully, to learn more about them, Gilly headed down to the small fishing village. Gilly has invited Bob Cranston, an intrepid cameraman who’s spent more time in deep water with giant squid than anyone, to film the squid. Gilly doesn’t dive himself, so Cranston will serve as the scientist’s eyes underwater. Cranston begins by giving some details about the new diving equipment he’s brought.
旁白：鲍勃侍从在霍普金斯海洋站在太平洋格罗夫神经生物学家，加利福尼亚。他研究了20多年的鱿鱼。他对洪堡特的鱿鱼最新研究中，有时被称为“红魔”，“跟踪几乎1000鱿鱼了圣罗萨利亚海岸运动，墨西哥。两个月后，鱿鱼开始穿过加利福尼亚湾附近出现，瓜伊马斯。为能一睹巨型鱿鱼，希望，更多的了解他们，她去了小渔村。她邀请了鲍勃克兰斯顿，无畏的摄影师谁花了巨型乌贼的比任何人都深水多的时候，电影的鱿鱼。她自己不潜水，所以克兰斯顿将作为科学家的眼睛下。在开始给一些新的潜水设备的细节给他。
Bob Cranston, Cameraman: “Stay down a little longer, dive a little deeper, get in a little more trouble ...”
鲍勃克兰斯顿，摄影师：“留了长一点，深一点的潜水，有一点麻烦……”
Narrator: The dive won’t begin until nightfall, when the squid rise to feed
in the higher depths of the sea. The wait gives the men time to look around.
旁白：潜水不会开始直到傍晚，当鱿鱼引起饲料在海的更深处。等待让男人们环顾四周。
Cranston: “Let’s walk up here and talk to these fishermen.”
主角：“让我们走到这里来跟这些渔民。”
Narrator: They decide to get the local fishermen’s opinion of the giant squid. What they learn is somewhat disturbing.
旁白：他们决定让当地渔民对巨型鱿鱼的看法。他们所学的东西有些令人不安。
Local Fisherman, Guaymas, Mexico: “We lose people. Every other year, somebody dies. I have a friend that they found floating in the ocean, oh, last year.”
当地渔民，瓜伊马斯，墨西哥：“我们失去的人。每隔一年，有人死亡。我有一个朋友，他们发现漂浮在海洋，哦，去年。”
Cranston: “Squid fisherman?”
克兰斯顿：“鱿鱼渔民？“
Local Fisherman: “It’s lucky they found him because, you know, they’re
carnivorous. They’ll eat you, I mean, they will eat you!”
当地渔民：“很幸运他们发现他，因为，你知道，他们是食肉动物。他们会吃掉你，我是说，他们会吃掉你！“
Dr. Bob Gilly, Neurobiologist: “The squid will eat you?”
鲍勃日利，神经生物学家：“鱿鱼会吃了你？“
Fisherman: “The squid will eat you. If you fall into the ocean, they’ll get you with their tentacles, you’ll drown, and then they’ll . . . you know, all the rest of them will just eat you.”
渔夫：“鱿鱼会吃掉你。如果你掉进海里，他们会把你的触角伸向你，你会被淹死，然后他们会。..你知道，所有的人都会吃你。”
Narrator: Could these stories be true? It’s enough to worry any diver and gives the men something to think about as they have dinner and prepare.
旁白：这些故事是真的吗？这足以让任何一个潜水者担心，并让他们在吃晚餐的同时，做些准备。
Narrator: With the afternoon fading, it’s time for Gilly and Cranston to get down to business.
旁白：在下午的衰落，这是日利，克兰斯顿正事的时间。
Cranston: “OK, time to go diving, sun’s going down.”
主角：“好，时间去潜水，太阳正在下山。”
Narrator: The men have created a plan to get as close as possible to the red devils, but it’s going to require some major preparations and careful planning. Cranston knows from his past experience that it can take hours just to find the squid, possibly requiring numerous dives to 60 meters deep. With traditional scuba equipment, he could run out of air before seeing a single red devil. So Cranston will be using a “rebreather” for the dive.
旁白：男人们已经创造了一个计划，尽可能接近“红魔鬼”，但这需要一些主要的准备和精心的计划。在知道他过去的经验，它可能需要数小时才能找到鱿鱼，可能需要大量的潜水深60米。与传统的水下呼吸器，他可以在看到一个单一的红色恶魔之前用完了空气。所以，克兰斯顿将使用一个“潜水呼吸器”。
Cranston: “Get ready! Get ready for a night with the squid.”
主角：“准备好！准备好一个晚上的鱿鱼。”
Narrator: A rebreather is a special device that contains a filter that removes dangerous carbon dioxide from the diver’s exhaled breaths while simultaneously adding oxygen. It’ll allow Cranston to stay underwater longer and go deeper, but it has its disadvantages.
旁白：呼吸器是一个特殊的设备，包含一个过滤器，去除危险的二氧化碳从潜水员呼出的气息同时加氧。它会让克兰斯顿在水下停留的时间更长和更深，但它有它的缺点。
Cranston: “With this rebreather, I can stay underwater up to eleven hours. It’s pretty painful to stay underwater for eleven hours. The maximum I want to stay underwater is about four. The real danger is that you don’t watch your gauges, you get excited about doing something and you’re your oxygen level goes down, down, down. And then all of a sudden you pass out because there’s no warning of having too little oxygen. Your vision just goes . . . and then you get black.”
克兰斯顿：“这个呼吸器，我能在水下停留长达十一小时。在水下呆十一个小时真是太痛苦了。我想在水下停留的最大值是四。真正的危险在于你不看你的仪表，你对做某事感到兴奋，你是你的氧气水平下降，下降，下降。然后突然你就昏倒了，因为没有氧气的警告。你的愿景只是去。..然后你会变黑。”
Narrator: The two men head out to where the fishermen have been finding the jumbo squid. They wait until dusk when the squid rise from inaccessible depths of over 180 meters to a barely accessible depth of 60 meters. Tonight, Gilly and Cranston are going to attempt an interesting experiment. They’ll film the squid using red light.
旁白：这2个男人的头，在那里的渔民已经找到了巨型鱿鱼。他们等到黄昏时分，从水深180多米的深处，到一个勉强可接近的水深60米的深海中，直到黄昏时分。今晚，她和克兰斯顿正试图进行一个有趣的实验。他们用红色的光拍摄鱿鱼。
Cranston: “Red is camouflage underwater, so we’re trying to add some red, but still have something we can film with.”
主角：“红色的伪装下，所以我们要添加一些红色，但是还是有东西可以拍摄。”
Narrator: Like many deep-dwelling creatures, Humboldt squid aren’t very sensitive to red light since red is the first color to disappear in the ocean. Cranston will also be using a red rebreather and wearing a red dive suit in the hopes that he’ll be less invasive in the squid’s environment. Ideally, this will allow him to witness their natural behavior in their element.
旁白：像许多深栖生物，洪堡特鱿鱼对红光不是很敏感，因为红色是第一种颜色在海洋中消失。克兰斯顿也将使用红色的呼吸器和穿着红色的潜水服，他会在鱿鱼的环境是微创的希望。理想情况下，这会让他在他们的元素中见证他们的自然行为。
Gilly: “A red devil?”
侍从：“红魔鬼？“
Cranston: “I’m going to be a red devil down there.”
主角：“我要一个红色的魔鬼在那里。”
Gilly: “You might never come back. You’re going to join them!”
侍从：“你可能再也不回来了。你将加入他们！“
Cranston: “I’m not worried about the squid hurting me. I’m worried about the squid putting up a situation like pulling your mask off or pulling a rebreather hose off, or something like that. That would be a really bad situation.”
主角：“我并不担心鱿鱼伤害我。我担心鱿鱼把情况想拉着你的面具或呼吸器软管拔下来，或者类似的东西。那真是一个糟糕的局面。”
Narrator: The red lights may make Cranston less visible, but it’s still possible that these reportedly dangerous predators may get too close or become aggressive.
旁白：红灯可以让克兰斯顿不可见，但它仍然是可能的，这些据说危险的食肉动物可能靠得太近或变得咄咄逼人。
Narrator: Cranston begins his long dive to 60 meters beneath the ocean. It’s a dangerous commitment. He’ll have to spend more than an hour coming up if something goes wrong or risk getting decompression sickness. In addition, the 35-kilo rebreather makes him less able to move around than with traditional scuba gear. After a short time, the first squid swim into view. They seem to take no notice of the red light; perhaps Cranston and Gilly’s theory is correct. Then a squid approaches Cranston. Cranston can see it, but can it see him? Apparently it can but at first, the squid seems more curious than aggressive. Then, suddenly, a bolder squid attacks the camera. Cranston is caught completely off guard. Soon, the devils seem to be coming from all directions — and at top speeds. Humboldt squid can swim as fast as 32 kilometers per hour. The average human swims at
only two or three kilometers per hour. Eventually, the squid turn their attention to Cranston himself. His worst nightmare is about to come true. One tries to pull off his mask. Luckily, it fails. Then, as quickly as it all began, with one last squirt of ink, the attack is over.
旁白：在开始他的长下潜至60米海底。这是一个危险的承诺。如果出了问题，或是冒出了减压病，他就得花上一个多小时的时间了。此外，35公斤的呼吸器让他比传统的潜水装备不能够左右移动。短时间后，第一个鱿鱼游到视图。他们似乎没有注意红灯；也许克兰斯顿和日利的理论是正确的。然后在鱿鱼的方法。·可以看到它，但是它能见到他吗？显然，它可以，但在第一，鱿鱼似乎更好奇比积极。然后，突然，一个大胆的乌贼攻击相机。克兰斯顿是弄得措手不及。很快，魔鬼似乎来自四面八方，在最高速度。洪堡特鱿鱼可以游得快32公里每小时。一般人的游泳只有2到三公里/小时。最终，鱿鱼把注意力转向在自己。他最糟糕的噩梦即将到来。一个试图从他的面具拔下。幸运的是，它失败了。然后，尽快开始，随着最后一点墨水，攻击结束。
Gilly: “Congratulations, Bob!”
侍从：“恭喜你，鲍勃！“
Cranston: “Well, about what?”
克兰斯顿：“嗯，关于什么？“
Narrator: Back on the boat, Cranston is characteristically relaxed, almost like nothing happened.
旁白：回到船上，克兰斯顿是典型的轻松，就像什么也没发生。
Cranston: “Well, actually, I had a squid come and, you know, touch me. They’d grab a hold of the camera, and I’d grab a hold of them and kind of shake their hand a little bit. And they’d put out their little tentacles and . . .”
“嗯，其实，克兰斯顿：我有一个鱿鱼来，你知道，触摸我。他们会抓住一把相机，我会抓住他们的手和一点点的手，一点点。他们会伸出他们的小触角。“..”
Narrator: Finally, Cranston gets to show off his film to Gilly.
旁白：最后，克兰斯顿准备展示他的电影基里。
Cranston: “This was when we had the squid grab a hold of the lights and pull the filters. There he comes right out of nowhere. They’re coming in at full speed ahead, grab the prey, and full speed reverse. And leave the ink.”
主角：“这是当我们有鱿鱼抓住灯拉过滤器。他从没有地方来的地方。他们正全速向前，抓住猎物，全速前进。留下墨水。”
Narrator: The red light was definitely a great success. Even though the squid could obviously see it, they came much closer than in white light. Cranston has captured some superb images and Gilly has learned much more about the animals’ behavior.
红色的灯光一定是一个巨大的成功。即使鱿鱼能明显地看到它，但它们比白光更近。
在抓获了一些极好的图像和基里了解更多关于动物的行为。
Gilly: “It makes you suspect that they have incredible intelligence, to see
this exploration-type behavior. And I certainly believe they have a lot of intelligence.”
侍从：“这让你怀疑他们有不可思议的智慧，看到这种探索式的行为。我当然相信他们有很多的智慧。”
Narrator: The discoveries from research trips like Gilly’s not only add to scientists’ knowledge about these mysterious animals, but also add to the world’s fascination with the unusual invertebrates known as the red devils.
旁白：像吉利这样的研究旅行的发现不仅增加了科学家对这些神秘动物的了解，而且增加了世界对被称为红魔鬼的不寻常无脊椎动物的迷恋。
Unit 3 The Orient Express
Narrator: With its famous boulevards, historic buildings, and elegant atmosphere, Paris is a city that the world often associates with romance. But there are also people here looking for something else: romance from another time. They want to return to an age when simply getting somewhere was an adventure, a time when Paris was the departure point for the world’s most famous train: the Orient Express.
旁白：巴黎拥有着名的林荫大道，历史建筑和优雅的氛围，是世界经常与浪漫相关的城市。 但也有人在这里寻找别的东西：另一个时代的浪漫。 他们希望回到这样一个时代，只是在某个地方冒险，而巴黎是世界上最着名的火车的出发点：东方快车。
Tourist: “Good Morning. How are you?”
游客：“早安。你好吗？“
Narrator: This tourist is checking in to board the train once known as “the Train of Kings and the King of Trains.” In every detail, including the beautiful décor, the Orient Express evokes the elegant images of a golden age. When it began operating at the turn of the 20th Century, the train carried members of Europe’s royal families and rich business leaders from Paris to Constantinople, or Istanbul, as the Turkish city is now called. These days, this luxurious train makes the journey once a year—and it’s a six-day journey some wait a lifetime to take.
讲述者：这位旅游者正在登上火车，这里曾经被称为“国王列车和火车之王”。每一个细节，包括美丽的装饰，东方快车都能唤起黄金时代的优雅形象。 当它开始在20世纪之交运作时，火车将欧洲王室成员和富有的商业领袖从巴黎带到君士坦丁堡或伊斯坦布尔，因为土耳其城市现在被称为。 如今，这辆豪华列车每年都会进行一次旅行 - 这是一段为期六天的旅程，有些人会等待一生。
Eli Gershovitch, Orient Express Passenger: “What I really wanted to get out of the Orient Express was the feeling of going into a . . . stepping into a time machine. The idea that I could go back to a bygone era, not just any time, but a time before
I was even born, and experience what it would have been like.”
东方快车乘客Eli Gershovitch：“我真正想从东方快车中走出来的感觉是进入了一个。。。 踏入时间机器。 我可以回到过去时代的想法，不仅是任何时间，而是在我出生之前的一段时间，并体验它本来的样子。“
Narrator: For most of the 85 passengers on this run, the pampering and luxury of this famous voyage are a once-in-a-lifetime treat.
旁白：对于这次奔跑的85位乘客中的大多数人来说，这次着名航行的呵护和奢华是千载难逢的享受。
Bill Hummel, Orient Express Passenger: “It has many meanings for us. My wife had her sixtieth birthday in June and our twenty-fifth wedding anniversary was the twentieth of August.”
东方快车乘客Bill Hummel：“它对我们有很多意义。 我妻子六月六十岁生日，我们二十五周年纪念日是八月二十日。“
Narrator: Everyone aboard the train seems to share a common desire: to somehow recapture a lost age.
讲述者：火车上的每个人似乎都有一个共同的愿望：以某种方式重新夺回失去的年龄。
Karen Prothero, Orient Express Marketing Director: “There’s a huge fascination for the train, and then of course Agatha Christie wrote that famous
book, Murder on the Orient Express, which, that has also helped so much to make it such a famous name.”
东方快车市场总监Karen Prothero说：“火车有一种巨大的魅力，然后当然阿加莎克里斯蒂写了一本着名的书，东方快车上的谋杀案，这也有助于使它成为如此着名的名字。”
Narrator: After World War II, airlines and the rise of the Iron Curtain between the East and West, made this type of luxury travel by train impractical. Therefore, the Orient Express suspended its service until 1997, when the route between Paris and Istanbul was restarted. For many people, the attraction of the journey is irresistible.
讲述者：第二次世界大战后，航空公司和东西方之间的铁幕崛起，使这种类型的豪华旅行乘火车变得不切实际。 因此，东方快车暂停服务，直到1997年巴黎和伊斯坦布尔之间的路线重新开通。 对于许多人来说，旅程的吸引力是不可抗拒的。
Robert Franklin, Teacher: “I’ve always been a lover of travel, and always in search of particularly exotic and unusual travel venues. The history, the terrain that we are traveling, I mean it’s just soaked with the blood of saints, and warriors, and visionaries. For me, as a teacher and as a writer, it’s really pretty inspiring.”
罗伯特富兰克林，老师：“我一直是旅行爱好者，总是寻找特别异国情调和不同寻常的旅行场所。 历史，我们旅行的地形，我的意思是它只是浸透了圣徒，战士和有远见者的血液。 对我来说，作为一名教师和一名作家，这真的非常鼓舞人心。
Narrator: As it winds through the magnificent scenery of the Alps, the Orient Express crosses countryside that consistently displays its finest. The passengers on the train are expected to do no less. Dinner is a formal affair with all that entails. It all adds to the sense that the trip is more than just a train ride. It’s a trip where the journey itself is the destination. The idea isn’t really to simply arrive somewhere, it’s to have an incredible experience along the way.
讲述者：东方快车横跨阿尔卑斯山的壮丽景色，穿越乡村，始终如一地展现其最美好的风景。 预计火车上的乘客不会少。 晚餐是一个正式的事情，所有这一切都需要。 这一切都增加了旅行不仅仅是乘坐火车的感觉。 这是旅程本身就是目的地的旅程。 这个想法不是简单地到达某个地方，而是在此过程中获得令人难以置信的体验。
Franklin: “It has been a dream for a long time to participate in this little bit of history. It’s hard to imagine a more extraordinary and romantic, sort of, journey than travel from Paris to Istanbul on the Orient Express.”
富兰克林：“很长一段时间参与这一点历史是一个梦想。 很难想象一个比东方快车从巴黎到伊斯坦布尔更加非凡和浪漫的旅程。“
Narrator: While the morning mist hangs over the sleepy fields of Europe, the world’s most famous train comes alive. As the Orient Express rolls across eastern Austria, window shades are opened, surfaces are shined, and breakfast is served. The work on the train has been done by an army of well-trained staff for years. And working on a legend has its rewards.
旁白：当晨雾笼罩在欧洲沉睡的田野上时，世界上最着名的火车活跃起来。 当东方快车横穿奥地利东部时，窗户遮阳，表面闪亮，供应早餐。 火车上的工作多年来一直由训练有素的工作人员组成。 在传奇上工作有其回报。
Bruno Feret, Cabin Steward: “Because it’s a wonderful, wonderful hotel on wheels.”
Bruno Feret，船舱管家：“因为这是一个美妙，精彩的车轮酒店。”
Narrator: The staff of the Orient Express knows all about providing first-class service. Most of them have also worked in Europe’s finest hotels and restaurants.
讲述者：东方快车的员工非常了解提供一流的服务。 他们中的大多数人还曾在欧洲最好的酒店和餐馆工作过。
Alexander Introvigne, Bartender: “Working on a train is very different because you have the scenery which is always changing. In an operational way it’s also very different from working in a hotel, so you have to be very well organized.”
调酒师Alexander Introvigne：“在火车上工作是非常不同的，因为你的风景总是在变化。 在运作方式上，它与在酒店工作也有很大不同，所以你必须组织得很好。“
Narrator: There are certainly challenges unique to running a five-star hotel
on wheels. These days, the six-day journey through seven countries happens only once every 12 months, but planning for it takes the entire year.
讲述者：在轮子上经营五星级酒店肯定存在挑战。 如今，通过七个国家的六天旅程每12个月只发生一次，但计划整整一年。
Machele Zorzi, Maitre d’: “We move all the time. The train is not like a new train. It wasn’t built yesterday, as you know, and then we have a limited stock of everything, so we have to try to make it last.”
Machele Zorzi，领班：“我们一直在移动。 火车不像新火车。 正如你所知，它不是昨天建成的，然后我们的所有东西都有限，所以我们必须努力让它持久。“
Introvigne: “And it’s not easy. Instead of a hotel when if you’re missing something you just go down to the canteen and get it, it’s a bit different on the train.”
Introvigne：“这并不容易。 如果你错过了什么东西，而不是酒店，你只需要去食堂并得到它，这在火车上有点不同。“
Narrator: In addition to the annual Paris to Istanbul run, the Orient Express has offered a regular seasonal service between Venice and London for over 20 years. Still, each trip is a learning experience, including learning to stay on your feet while creating world-class cuisine.
讲述者：除了每年一度的巴黎到伊斯坦布尔之外，东方快车还提供威尼斯和伦敦之间20多年的定期季节性服务。 尽管如此，每次旅行都是一次学习体验，包括学习如何在创造世界级美食的同时保持健康。
Christian Bodiguel, Chef: “It’s very difficult because you get to see . . . it’s move now. For me it’s very difficult because we have a small kitchen and it’s moving, moving, moving.”
厨师Christian Bodiguel：“这很难见，因为你可以看到。。。 它现在正在行动。 对我而言，这是非常困难的，因为我们有一个小厨房，它正在移动，移动，移动。“
Introvigne: “Ah, it is, but we’re used to it, especially working out on the tables. The movement is sort of ah . . . it keeps you busy. It keeps you very concentrated actually. It’s relaxing sometimes.”
Introvigne：“啊，是的，但我们已经习惯了，特别是在桌子上锻炼。 运动有点啊。。。 它让你忙碌。 它实际上让你非常集中。 有时候很放松。“
Narrator: The secret is to make it all look effortless.
旁白：秘决就是让它看起来毫不费力。
Claude Gianella, General Manager: “Without being presumptuous, it has been my main objective for those twenty years to keep the highest possible level of service on what is, after all, a train.”
总经理克劳德·吉亚内拉（Claude Gianella）：“不用冒昧，二十年来我的主要目标是保持最高水平的服务，毕竟是火车。”
Narrator: At various stops along the route, food is loaded onto the train, from fresh fruit to fresh fish. The kitchens are completely restocked within minutes to keep the train right on track. In each country, the Orient Express takes on a new locomotive engine and engineer in order to ensure passengers’ safety and that the train runs smoothly. The rest of the staff stays the same throughout the journey — and often throughout the years.
讲述者：在沿途的各个站点，食物被装载到火车上，从新鲜水果到鲜鱼。 厨房在几分钟内完全补充，以保持火车正常运行。 在每个国家，东方快车都采用了新的机车发动机和工程师，以确保乘客的安全和火车顺利运行。 其余的工作人员在整个旅程中保持不变 - 通常这些年来。
Zorzi: “I’ve been on the Orient Express for thirteen years now.”
Zorzi：“我已经在东方快车上工作了十三年了。”
Chef Bodiguel: “Fifteen years on board. Fifteen years I work here.”
厨师bodiguel：“船上十五年。十五年我在这里工作。”
Narrator: Once someone starts working aboard the Orient Express, it’s often difficult to consider doing anything else.
旁白：一旦有人开始在东方快车上工作，通常很难考虑做其他事情。
Introvigne: “It’s unique. It is. When you go into a train station, the people outside are looking at the train, and you can think that, you can sort of imagine them thinking how much they’d like to be on that train, and you’re on it. I mean you’re working on it, which is even better. I mean, it’s something very special.”
英特罗维吉：它是独一无二的。它是。当你去火车站时，外面的人都在看火车，你可以认为，你可以想象他们想在火车上，你是怎么想的呢。我的意思是你在工作，甚至更好。我是说，这是很特别的事情。”
Narrator: The people who travel and work on the Orient Express have a window-seat view of Europe passing before their eyes and a close-up of a bygone era surrounding them. When it comes to romance and adventure while traveling in style, none of the modern travel options of today can come close to a ride on the Orient Express
讲述者：在东方快车上旅行和工作的人们可以看到欧洲人在他们眼前经过的窗外座位，以及围绕着他们的过去时代的特写镜头。 当谈到爱情和冒险，而在风格旅行，没有今天的现代旅游选择能够接近在东方快车。
Unit 4 The Varied Cultures of China
Narrator: Outside of China, Han Chinese are often considered to be the sole culture of the country. While China’s population is predominately Han, it is
actually composed of a number of ethnic minorities. These smaller groups are culturally distinct from the Han and several have separate languages and customs. Due to the current high levels of expansion and development in China, some feel it’s important to document these ethnic minorities before they’re lost. One person committed to recording the life of these fascinating peoples is Bryan Schmeck, a documentary filmmaker.
旁白：在中国以外，汉族通常被认为是该国唯一的文化。 虽然中国的人口主要是汉族，但实际上是由一些少数民族组成。 这些较小的群体在文化上与汉族不同，有些群体拥有不同的语言和习俗。 由于目前中国的高度扩张和发展，一些人认为在失踪之前记录这些少数民族是很重要的。 致力于记录这些迷人民族生活的一个人是纪录片导演布莱恩施密克。
According to Schmeck, China’s nationalities, also known as “the fifty-six nationalities of China”, include the Han plus 55 other minority groups. To find them, one must travel to the far edges of China. Here, inhabitants have maintained a way of life with minimal changes over the centuries.
根据Schmeck，中国少数民族，也被称为“中国的五十六个民族，包括汉族和其他55个少数民族。要找到他们，我们必须到中国的最边缘去旅行。在这里，居民们一直保持着一种生活方式，以最小的变化，在过去的几个世纪。
In appearance and language, some cultures are distinctly different from those of mainstream China. The groups vary not only in the way they look and the languages they speak, but also in the arts, such as the songs and dances of their culture. For thousands of years, isolation has preserved their traditions, but now,
even the most rural areas are joining the global village.
在外观和语言，一些文化是明显不同于主流中国。不同的群体不仅在他们的语言和他们说话的方式，而且在艺术，如歌曲和舞蹈，他们的文化。几千年来，隔离一直保留着他们的传统，但现在，即使是大部分的农村地区也加入了地球村。
Brian Schmeck, Documentary Filmmaker: “I mean, they see the outside world that they’ve never seen before and they like what they see.”
布瑞恩Schmeck，纪录片导演：“我的意思是，他们看到外面的世界，他们从来没有见过的，他们喜欢他们所看到的。”
Narrator: For a year and a half, filmmaker Bryan Schmeck has been traveling across China, rushing to complete a video archive of its minority cultures before they vanish.
旁白：一年半，导演布莱恩Schmeck已穿越中国，抢在它消失之前完成其民族文化的视频档案。
Schmeck: “Ten to fifteen years from now, you’re not going to see what I’m seeing. People themselves will still exist, but their ideas, their culture, their way of life will not. It’ll be gone, and it’s disappearing really fast.”
Schmeck：“十到十五年，你不会看到我所看到的。人们自己仍然存在，但他们的思想，他们的文化，他们的生活方式将不。它会消失，它的消失真快。”
Narrator: The Mou Suo people of Yunnan Province are just one of the 55 minority nationalities. A matriarchal society in which women are at the center, they have no word for “marriage”. The cultural mores here differ significantly from the rest of the world. Less than a decade ago, this area was rarely visited by outsiders. Now, city residents like Mei Zhou come here as tourists. For urban Chinese, spending time in these charming villages gives them a chance to enjoy nature. As a result of people’s rising interest, local residents can now earn a living in the tourist industry and they truly seem to enjoy their work.
旁白：云南省的“某某”人只是少数民族中的一员。一个母系社会，女性在中心，他们没有“婚姻”。这里的文化习俗差异显著从世界其他地方。不到十年前，这一地区很少被外人访问。现在，城市居民如梅周来这里作为游客。对于城市的中国人，在这些迷人的村庄里度过的时光给了他们一个享受自然的机会。由于人们的兴趣日益高涨，当地居民现在可以谋生的旅游业，他们真正的享受他们的工作。
The Naxi people have lived in this mountain village of northwestern Yunnan Province for at least 1,500 years. For most of that time, they’ve been largely cut off from other people, mainly because no road came near the village. A village leader says that children are now able to walk two hours to get to a new road to catch a bus to school. But he worries that after they receive an education, the young people may see no reason to come back.
纳西族人在云南省西北部的一座山上至少居住了1500年。大部分的时间，他们已经基本上被切断从其他人，主要是因为没有路走到附近的村庄。一位村长说，孩子们现在可以走2个小时去一个新的道路，赶上一辆公共汽车上学。但他担心，他们接受了教育后，
年轻人可能会认为没有理由回来。
People throughout rural China are flooding into large cities, searching for things they know exist but can’t get out in the country.
中国农村地区的人都涌入大城市，寻找他们知道存在的东西，但在农村地区却找不到东西。
Schmeck: “Modern conveniences, I mean nice housing. They like this and they want to go this way, so in a sense they’re getting a better life, but they’re forgetting where they came from.”
Schmeck：“现代的便利，我的意思是好的住房。他们喜欢这样，他们想走这种方式，所以在一种感觉，他们得到一个更好的生活，但他们忘记了他们来自哪里。
Narrator: For many of the 55 minority nationalities of China, there seems to be a rush to conform to the rest of the country, and that’s not necessarily good if you believe that diversity is important.
对于许多中国的55个少数民族，似乎有一种与国家的其他国家的一致性，而这不一定是好的，如果你相信多样性是重要的。
Schmeck: “They’re going to be absorbed into mainstream China. You’re going to see it in a dinner theater or a floor show. Or you’re going to go up to a tourist park and a bunch of people will be putting on costumes to give you a little
display of what was there.”
Schmeck：他们将成为中国的主流。你会在一个晚餐的剧院或者一个地板上看到它。或者你要去一个旅游公园，一堆人会穿上盛装，给你一个小展示什么是那里。
Narrator: Increasingly, China and the rest of the world are facing change and globalization. To think minority peoples can be immune to that transition is unrealistic. As China charts its course through the 21st Century, it’s important that its 55 minority nationalities don’t give up their cultural heritage or discard their ancient traditions for a new way of life. The varied cultures of China must be encouraged to preserve their history because it’s this diversity that enriches our world.
旁白：越来越多的中国和世界其他地区都面临着变化和全球化。认为少数民族能对这种转变有免疫力是不现实的。作为中国的第二十一个世纪的历程，它的重要的是，它的55个少数民族不放弃他们的文化遗产或抛弃他们的古老传统的一种新的生活方式。中国必须鼓励不同的文化来保护他们的历史，因为它的多样性丰富了我们的世界。
Unit 5 Afghanistan's Heroic Artists
Narrator: From 1996 to 2001, the Taliban ruled Afghanistan. During this
period, the fundamentalist religious group destroyed several historic and religious works throughout the country due to strict religious interpretations. It was after the terrible destruction of one of the country’s most important cultural landmarks, the carvings of Buddha in Bamiyan, that doctor and famous Afghan
artist Mohammad Yousef Asefi realized that the nation’s artistic works were under attack.
旁白：从1996到2001，塔利班统治了阿富汗。在这期间，原教旨主义的宗教团体破坏了一些历史和宗教作品遍及由于严格的宗教解释的国家。这是一个国家最重要的文化地标的可怕的破坏后，在巴米扬佛像雕刻，医生和著名的阿富汗艺术家穆罕默德优素福阿塞菲意识到民族的艺术作品受到了攻击。
Mohammad Yousef Asefi, Art Rescuer: “I became very sad when I heard that the statue in Bamiyan had been destroyed. A rumor was spreading that the artwork exhibited in the National Gallery and the National Museum would be the next victim.”
穆罕默德说：“当我听说巴米扬的雕像被毁坏时，我变得非常难过。 有传言称国家美术馆和国家博物馆展出的艺术品将成为下一个受害者。“
Narrator: Asefi is a medical doctor and a well-known Afghan painter. For him, the Taliban’s rule of terror really hit home when the regime slashed and destroyed the artwork at the presidential palace and the ministry of foreign affairs. Some of the paintings destroyed were Asefi’s own.
旁白：阿塞菲是医生和阿富汗的知名画家。对于他来说，当政权在总统府和外交部大幅削减和摧毁艺术品时，塔利班的恐怖统治真正打到了家园。 一些被摧毁的画作是阿塞菲自己的作品。
Asefi: “I had painted my paintings with a lot of delicacy and now they were torn up or destroyed beyond repair. How could this happen?”
““我画了许多精致的画作，现在他们被撕毁或无法修复的破坏。怎么会发生这种情况？“
Narrator: With the paintings of the National Gallery now at risk, Asefi
formulated a plan that could have resulted in his death. He volunteered for a job in the National Gallery restoring paintings damaged during the wars preceding the Taliban’s rule.
旁白：由于国家美术馆的画作现在处于危险之中，阿塞菲制定了一项可能导致他死亡的计划。 他自愿在国家美术馆找到一份工作，恢复在塔利班统治前的战争中受损的画作。
Once inside the gallery, Asefi needed an accomplice to help carry out his clever plan. He found one in a man named Enayet, a member of the National Gallery staff who shared Asefi’s contempt for the Taliban and his courage to take them on. Risking their lives, Enayet and other staff members brought endangered paintings to the room where Asefi worked. It was there that the real ingenuity of the plan became apparent. Since the Taliban forbade paintings that illustrated living things, Dr. Asefi simply made the offensive elements disappear.
一旦进入画廊，Asefi需要一个帮凶帮助执行他的聪明计划。 他在一个名叫Enayet的男子中找到了一个人，他是国家美术馆工作人员的成员，他们分享了Asefi对塔利班的蔑视以及他接受他们的勇气。 Enayet和其他工作人员冒着生命危险将濒临灭绝的画作带
到了Asefi工作的房间。 正是在那里，计划的真正独创性变得明显。 由于塔利班禁止描绘生物的画作，阿塞菲博士只是让进攻元素消失。
Asefi: “I suddenly came up with the thought of using watercolors on top of oil paintings to hide the unacceptable parts.”
阿塞菲说：“我突然想到在油画上使用水彩来隐藏不可接受的部分。”
Narrator: Month after month, Asefi and his accomplices ran an art-rescue
factory right under the noses of Taliban religious police. If the Taliban had found out what they were doing, both men — and other members of the staff— almost certainly would have been punished with death.
旁白：月复一月，阿塞菲和他的同伙在塔利班宗教警察的鼻子底下经营着一家艺术救援工厂。 如果塔利班发现了他们正在做的事情，那么这两个人 - 以及其他工作人员 - 几乎肯定会受到死刑的惩罚。
Enayet, National Gallery Employee: “Whenever they would come, I would lock the door. The doctor was inside. He would stop his work, having understood that somebody was here. Naturally I was afraid because the Taliban were everywhere.”
Enayet，国家美术馆员工：“每当他们来的时候，我都会把门锁上。 医生在里面。 他知道有人在这里，他会停止工作。 我自然害怕，因为塔利班到处都是。“
Narrator: Ultimately, Asefi’s art-rescue team placed about 80 paintings
back on display. The Taliban inspectors never noticed the team’s deception. When the Taliban’s brutal regime came to an end in 2001, museum staff members simply wiped off the watercolors from the oil paintings, and for the first time in generations, the rescued treasures were once again in full view.
旁白：最终，Asefi的艺术救援团队展出了大约80幅画作。 塔利班检察官从未注意到该团队的欺骗行为。 当塔利班的野蛮政权于2001年结束时，博物馆工作人员只是从油画中抹去了水彩画，并且几代人第一次将被拯救的宝藏再次全部展现出来。
Asefi: “Despite all the suffering and hard work, our goal was to change something and we did it.”
阿塞菲：“尽管经历了所有的痛苦和艰苦的努力，我们的目标是改变一些事情，我们做到了。”
Narrator: At Afghan Films, the national film archive, a group of filmmakers
watches a show of film treasures once thought to be lost. During the Taliban’s rule, these artists were also victimized by the group’s extreme religious interpretations and the constant threat of having thousands of original film works destroyed because of their content.
旁白：在国家电影档案馆阿富汗电影公司（Emirates Films），一群电影制片人观看曾经被认为丢失的电影珍品。 在塔利班的统治期间，这些艺术家也受到该团体极端宗教诠释的影响，并且由于其内容而不断威胁成千上万的原创电影作品被毁。
Kirimi, Afghan Films: “We were very upset when the minister of the Taliban brought the order to burn the films. We felt our hearts pounding. We became emotional.”
kirimi，阿富汗的电影：“当塔利班部长下令焚烧电影时，我们感到非常沮丧。 我们感到心跳加速。 我们变得情绪激动。”
Mustafa, Afghan Films: “Here. They burned the films here. We have the evidence. They burned them in front of me. That day, it was like a dearest friend is being killed in front of you. That day was the darkest and hardest day for us.”
穆斯塔法，阿富汗的电影：“这里。他们在这里烧了电影。我们有证据。他们在我面前烧了他们。那一天，它就像一个最亲爱的朋友在你面前被杀。那一天是我们最黑暗和最艰难的日子。”
Sadaqui, Afghan Films: “I became irrational. I decided to throw myself and the Minister of Information and Culture into the fire with the films. At that moment, one of my colleagues grabbed me and stopped me.”
sadaqui，阿富汗的电影：“我变得非理性。我决定把自己和信息和文化部部长的电影与电影一起投入火中。在那一刻，我的一个同事抓住我，阻止我。”
Narrator: But the artists had a secret. The staff had only given the Taliban film prints, which can be replaced, not film negatives, which cannot. But when there were no prints left to burn, the filmmakers knew the negative archive would
be thrown into the fire as well.
旁白：但艺术家有一个秘密。 工作人员只给了塔利班的电影版画，可以更换，而不是电影底片，哪些不能。 但是当没有印刷品可以燃烧时，电影制作人知道负面档案也会被扔进火里。
Sadaqui: “We all had the same idea. That we had to preserve the archive of Afghan film at any price, even by paying with our lives.”
sadaqui：“我们都有同样的想法。我们不得不以任何代价保存阿富汗电影的档案，即使付出我们的生命。“
Narrator: But how were they going to hide the main archive, some 2,900
rolls of irreplaceable negatives? The filmmakers’ plot was simple—brilliantly simple.
旁白：但是，他们要如何隐藏的主要档案，一些2900卷的不可替代的底片？电影人的情节简单得很简单。
Mustafa: “Come on, come on.”
穆斯塔法：“来吧，来吧。”
Narrator: They hid the archive by hiding the room.
旁白：他们藏在房间里藏起来了。
Mustafa: “In order for no one to notice the door, we installed wallboard from here, to the ceiling, to here.
穆斯塔法：“为了没有人注意到门，我们从这里到安装墙板，天花板，这里。
Sadaqui: “With the help of an electrician, we also disabled the lighting system so that the wall was darkened.”
sadaqui：“电工的帮助下，我们也是禁用的照明系统使壁变黑了。”
Narrator: The religious police walked past the false wall dozens of times and
never suspected the room was there. The film rescuers’ lives were safe as long as their deception held, but if the Taliban ever found the hidden film negatives, there was no doubt that the men would be put to death.
旁白：宗教警察走过假墙几十次，从不怀疑房间在那里。 只要他们的欺骗行为，电影救援人员的生命就是安全的，但如果塔利班发现了隐藏的电影底片，毫无疑问这些人会被处死。
Mustafa: “The Taliban told us that, ‘Even if a small piece of film was found, we will hang you or shoot you in the ditch where the archive was burned.’”
穆斯塔法：“塔利班告诉我们，'即使发现了一小部分电影，我们也会挂你或者把你射到档案被烧毁的沟里。'”
Kirimi: “The Taliban minister said, ‘If we find another film here, we will
burn it along with you.’”
kirimi：“塔利班部长说，'如果我们在这里找到另一部电影，我们将把它和你一起烧掉。'”
Narrator: The threats of death did little to discourage the group of heroes.
The artists remained brave and risked being discovered by one of the world’s most feared regimes. The Taliban’s demand for films to burn seemed to have no end. Month after month, the staff suffered through surprise inspections, terrified that their secret would be discovered. Many Afghan film lovers assumed that the entire film archive was lost. But when at last the Taliban regime collapsed, the archive’s rescuers brought the negatives out of hiding.
旁白：死亡威胁几乎没有阻止这群英雄。 这些艺术家仍然勇敢，有可能被世界上最令人恐惧的政权之一发现。 塔利班对电影焚烧的要求似乎没有尽头。 一个月又一个月，工作人员遭遇意外检查，害怕他们的秘密会被发现。 许多阿富汗电影爱好者认为整部电影档案都丢失了。但是，当塔利班政权崩溃时，档案馆的救援人员把底片带出了隐藏。
Acclaimed as heroes, the courageous men were modest about what they had achieved. But they did save their Taliban ID cards, reminders of a time when they would have given their lives for the art they love.
被誉为英雄的勇敢的人们对他们所取得的成就都很谦虚。但他们确实保存了他们的塔利班身份证，提醒他们为自己喜爱的艺术献出生命的时刻。
Sadaqui: “Even if we lost our heads, it would have been an honor and privilege. But we didn’t allow our heritage to be destroyed. Why? A country which has no culture has no history.”
sadaqui：“即使我们失去了我们的头脑，这将是一个荣誉和特权。但我们不允许我们的遗产被破坏。为什么？一个没有文化的国家没有历史。”
Unit 6 Natacha's Animal Rescue
Narrator: The vast region of southern Namibia known as Fish River Canyon
is a huge, open space. The area was once home to a rich number of big game animals, rhinoceros, cheetah, and Oryx, but all of that changed with the coming of modern times. Over the years, hunters, poachers, and farmers killed virtually all of the canyon’s animals for sport, for food, or to make room for livestock. Fortunately, there’s hope. Conservationist Natacha Bateau has a dream: to bring these animals back to their natural habitat and to allow them to move about freely once again.
旁白：纳米比亚南部广阔的地区被称为鱼河峡谷，是一个巨大的开放空间。 该地区曾经是许多大型野生动物，犀牛，猎豹和羚羊的家园，但随着现代的到来，这一切都发生了变化。 多年来，猎人，偷猎者和农民几乎杀死了所有峡谷动物的运动，食物或为牲畜腾出空间。 幸运的是，有希望。 保护主义者Natacha Bateau有一个梦想：将这些动物带回自然栖息地并让它们再次自由活动。
Natacha Bateau, Conservationist: “When I first came here, the game animals
had been wiped out by man, and most of their predators also. So there were virtually no animals left.”
保护主义者纳塔莎·巴托（Natacha Bateau）：“当我第一次来到这里时，狩猎动物已被人类消灭，大多数掠食者也被消灭了。 所以几乎没有动物离开。“
Narrator: A native of Paris, France, Natacha came to live alone in Fish River
Canyon in 1995, but by that time it was far from paradise. Many people talk about restoring the wilderness, but Natacha is actively doing something about it. Rarely far from her leopard companion, Chemun, Natacha is committed to repopulating the lands near her home with the animals that used to live in the region.
旁白：1995年，Natacha出生于法国巴黎，独自一人住在鱼河峡谷，但那时远离天堂。 许多人谈论恢复荒野，但娜塔莎正在积极地做一些事情。 Natacha与她的豹子同伴Chemun相距甚远，她致力于用以前居住在该地区的动物来重建她家附近的土地。
Natacha: “To me, it’s important to relocate animals here because I would like to see this land go back to its natural state.”
娜塔莎：“对我而言，重要的是将动物迁移到这里，因为我希望看到这片土地恢复到自然状态。”
Narrator: Careful planning will be required to bring back the animals to a
place like the canyon. For this complicated project, Natacha’s going to need allies. Ulf Tubbesing, one of Namibia’s best veterinarians, shares Natacha’s devotion
to animals. He often works protecting them from being hunted or killed by farmers and cares for those that need new homes. Ulf was caring for the area’s animals. Natacha wanted to reintroduce species long gone from her land. The two animal advocates soon began to combine their efforts to help save animals and repopulate the region.
讲述者：需要仔细规划将动物带回峡谷等地方。 对于这个复杂的项目，娜塔莎将需要盟友。 纳米比亚最好的兽医之一Ulf Tubbesing分享了Natacha对动物的热爱。 他经常保护他们免受农民的追捕或杀害，并关心那些需要新家的人。 乌尔夫正在照顾该地区的动物。 娜塔莎想要重新引入远离她的土地的物种。 这两位动物倡导者很快就开始将他们的努力结合在一起，以帮助拯救动物并重新占领该地区。
Ulf Tubbesing, Veterinarian: “Well, Natacha bought the farm some five years ago, and she’s been dreaming about building this thing up into—or reverting it back into—a natural state, the way it used to be a hundred years ago before man interfered. This is a very, very pristine and a very special area. It’s a very sensitive habitat, very sensitive ecology, very, very balanced plant life, and our entire aim, is to just re-establish that ecology and that ecosystem as it used to be.”
Ulf Tubbesing，兽医：“好吧，Natacha五年前买了这个农场，她一直在梦想把这个东西建成 - 或者把它还原成一个自然状态，就像过去一百年前人类干扰。 这是一个非常非常原始的非常特殊的区域。 这是一个非常敏感的栖息地，非常敏感的生态，非常非常平衡的植物生命，我们的整个目标，就是重新建立生态和以前的生态系统。“
Narrator: The first animals Ulf and Natacha relocated were springbok, which
adapted easily to the landscape.
旁白：第一动物ULF和娜塔莎搬迁是跳羚，这很容易适应景观。
Natacha: “Hey! It’s a whole new world out here.”
娜塔莎：“嘿！这是一个全新的世界。”
Narrator: family.
Later, the two conservationists captured and relocated a cheetah
旁白：后来，两者抓获并安置猎豹家族。
Ulf: “It’s a very exciting project . . . to come back to a place year after year and start seeing more and more animals roaming around, and having the sensation that just about every wild animal that you see, we put in here. You sort of touched them all with your own hands. You physically worked hard on them to get them here. It’s great.”
Ulf：“这是一个非常令人兴奋的项目。。。 年复一年地回到一个地方，开始看到越来越多的动物在四处游荡，并且感觉到你看到的几乎每一只野生动物，我们都放在这里。 你有点用自己的双手触摸它们。 你在身体上努力工作，让他们来到这里。 这很棒。”
Narrator: But, those early relocations were simple compared with their latest
plan. Ulf and Natacha are going to try to capture and transport the world’s tallest animals: giraffes. Size alone is a tremendous challenge. Giraffes are five and a half
meters tall. In addition, these creatures have better eyesight than any game animal in Africa and, if they see danger coming, they can run away at over 55 kilometers an hour. In fact, they have only two enemies: lions and humans.
旁白：但是，与他们的最新计划相比，那些早期搬迁很简单。 Ulf和Natacha将试图捕获和运输世界上最高的动物：长颈鹿。 单独的尺寸是一个巨大的挑战。 长颈鹿身高五米半。 此外，这些生物的视力比非洲任何一种野生动物都要好，如果它们看到危险，它们可以以每小时超过55公里的速度逃跑。 事实上，他们只有两个敌人：狮子和人类。
The giraffes of Fish River Canyon were completely wiped out long ago for their meat and skin. As a result, few giraffes roam the regions of southern Namibia these days but Natacha and Ulf are hoping to change that. 650 kilometers north, the number of giraffes is growing quickly and many are being kept in overcrowded game parks. By taking the giraffes from the north and relocating them to Fish River Canyon, Natacha and Ulf may be able to help, but only if they can capture and transport them safely. Natacha carefully examines the area for potential places where they can release the giraffes.
鱼河峡谷的长颈鹿很久以前因肉和皮肤而完全消失。 因此，现在很少有长颈鹿在纳米比亚南部地区漫游，但娜塔莎和乌尔夫希望改变这一点。 在北方650公里处，长颈鹿的数量正在快速增长，许多长颈鹿被保存在过度拥挤的游乐园中。 通过从北方取长颈鹿并将它们重新安置到鱼河峡谷，Natacha和Ulf可以提供帮助，但前提是它们能够安全地捕获和运输它们。 娜塔莎仔细检查了该地区是否有可能释放长颈鹿的地方。
Natacha: “Now we’re looking for the right spot to release the giraffes, and
the elements to look for are accessibility . . . and the availability of water—not very far—trees. And have a lot of space, and they should be more than happy, I should think.”
娜塔莎：“现在我们正在寻找合适的地方释放长颈鹿，和元素寻找的可接近性。。。 和水的可用性 - 不是很远的树木。 并且有很多空间，他们应该非常高兴，我想。“
Narrator: The first task completed, Natacha must now compile the team that will help her with the rescue. In Namibia, veterinarian Hermann Scherer is the man to see when one wants to catch a giraffe. A superb marksman, his tremendous skill has allowed him to specialize in capturing live wild animals, particularly giraffes. Hermann and his team have joined Natacha and Ulf at a wild animal conservation area in northern Namibia. They have only 12 hours to fill a trailer with giraffes for transport. But of course they have to catch them first. They need to carefully select which animals will be taken back. They must be the right age and strong enough to survive being hunted and injected with a powerful drug to make them sleep. The team will have only a few minutes to catch the giraffes and get them ready for transport before giving them another drug to wake them up. If there are any complications, the giraffes could easily die.
旁白：第一项任务完成后，Natacha现在必须汇集团队，帮助她解救。 在纳米比亚，当一个人想要抓住长颈鹿时，兽医Hermann Scherer就是那个人。 作为一名出色的射手，他的出色技巧使他能够专注于捕捉活体野生动物，特别是长颈鹿。 赫尔曼和他的团队已经在纳米比亚北部的野生动物保护区加入了Natacha和Ulf。 他们只有12个小时的时间用长颈鹿填充拖车进行运输。 但他们当然必须先抓住它们。 他们需要仔细选择哪些动物将
被收回。 他们必须是正确的年龄，并且足够坚强，能够在被猎杀和注射强力药物的情况下生存下来，让他们入睡。 该团队将只有几分钟的时间来捕捉长颈鹿并让它们准备好运输，然后给它们另一种药物来唤醒它们。 如果有任何并发症，长颈鹿很容易死亡。
As expected, the difficulty with the plan lies with the giraffe’s exceptional eyesight and of course its height and speed. It’s going to be difficult for Hermann to shoot the animal from a great distance, but luckily that won’t stop this excellent marksman. After searching some time, the team finally comes upon a pair of giraffes far out in the grasslands. The animals have not yet noticed the team, so Hermann takes the opportunity.
正如预期的那样，计划的难点在于长颈鹿的超凡视力，当然还有它的高度和速度。 赫尔曼很难从很远的地方拍摄动物，但幸运的是，这并不能阻止这位优秀的射手。 经过一段时间的搜索，团队终于在草原上远远地看到了一对长颈鹿。 这些动物尚未注意到这支队伍，因此赫尔曼抓住机会。
Ulf: “That was a really nice hit. Now we just have to wait and see . . . and wait for the dart to take effect.”
Ulf：“这是一个非常好的打击。 现在我们只能等着看。。。 并等待飞镖生效。“
Hermann Scherer, Veterinarian: “OK, now it’s action time.”
赫尔曼Scherer，兽医：“好了，现在是行动的时候了。”
Narrator: The male giraffe flees in fear. The team follows closely behind. As
the animal begins to slow, the truck pulls slowly up beside him and a team member carefully slips a special type of rope over its head—they’ve got him! Once the team has caught the animal, they must work quickly to ensure that the giraffe’s enormous head remains upright. If its head falls down or bends sharply, the giraffe won’t be able to breathe properly—and may die. When the men have positioned the 900-kilogram animal correctly, Ulf gives it another drug to wake it up. They begin to prepare the giraffe for transport. Again, they must hurry, as the giraffe will soon regain his senses. They cover the animal’s ears and put a mask over his head to keep him calm. The men have also tied ropes to the animal’s neck and legs in order to help guide him to the trailer.
旁白：雄性长颈鹿在恐惧中逃离。 该团队紧随其后。 随着动物开始减速，卡车在他旁边慢慢拉起来，一名队员小心翼翼地将一根特殊类型的绳子滑到他的头上 - 他们已经得到了他！ 一旦团队抓住动物，他们必须迅速工作，以确保长颈鹿的巨大头部保持直立。 如果它的头部掉下来或急剧弯曲，长颈鹿将无法正常呼吸 - 并且可能会死亡。 当男人正确定位了900公斤的动物时，Ulf给它另一种药物来唤醒它。 他们开始准备长颈鹿运输。 再次，他们必须快点，因为长颈鹿将很快恢复他的感官。 它们遮住了动物的耳朵，戴上了一个面具，让他保持冷静。 这些男子还将绳索绑在动物的脖子和腿上，以帮助引导他进入拖车。
Hermann: “Natacha, congratulations! You are the owner of one bull.”
赫尔曼：“娜塔莎，恭喜！你是一头公牛的主人。”
Narrator: The team proceeds with their plan and manages to catch a second
giraffe using the same techniques. They must now begin the 800-kilometer drive to Fish River Canyon, driving day and night to get there as quickly as possible. Finally, after a nonstop journey of 20 hours over extremely rough roads, the team and the giraffes arrive at the spot previously chosen by Natacha.
讲述者：团队继续他们的计划并设法使用相同的技术捕获第二个长颈鹿。 他们现在必须开始800公里开车到鱼河峡谷，日夜开车，尽快到达那里。 最后，在极其崎岖不平的道路上经过20个小时的不间断旅程之后，团队和长颈鹿到达了Natacha先前选择的地点。
Natacha: “This is the spot, yes . . . near those big trees.”
娜塔莎：“这是一点，是的。..靠近那些大树。”
Ulf: “There’s a lot of moisture in the leaves. You can see how nice and lush green the trees are.”
Ulf：“叶中有很多水分。你可以看到树木是多么的漂亮和茂盛。”
Natacha: “ . . . It can be pretty much where you think.”
娜塔莎：”。..它可以在你的想法。”
Narrator: The place has everything: life-sustaining water, trees for food, and
most importantly, no guns. Each rescue comes down to this moment. Now, the most delicate—and tense—part of the rescue takes place. Will the giraffes take
those first big steps to freedom?
旁白：这个地方有一切：生命维持水，树木的食物，最重要的是，没有枪。每次救援都归结到这一刻。 现在，拯救的最微妙和紧张的部分发生了。 长颈鹿会采取那些自由的第一步吗？
Ulf: “They’re going to turn around and kick, ay? You’ve got to watch it, eh? They can be nasty.”
Ulf：“他们会转身踢，啊？你得看了，嗯？他们可能是讨厌的。”
Narrator: After a few tense moments, the giraffe walks slowly out of the
trailer, uncertain at first, but then with more confidence.
旁白：经过几个紧张的时刻，长颈鹿慢慢走出了拖车，不确定的第一，但随后有更多的信心。
Natacha: “I’m always very happy that the animal comes here in good shape. And when you can take them out of the truck one by one, you see them full of life and bouncing around and running . . . running away. That’s wonderful. And you know that here they’re going to have probably the best life they can have.”
娜塔莎：“我总是很高兴的动物来这里好。当你可以一个一个的把他们从卡车上，你看到他们充满生机并且在四处奔跑。..逃跑。那是美妙的。你知道，在这里，他们将有可能是他们所能拥有的最好的生活。”
Ulf: “It’s the most incredible feeling. It’s like you are so physically exhausted . . . you’re totally euphoric. It’s a feeling of real achievement, you know, of really having done something positive.”
Ulf：“这是最令人难以置信的感觉。这就像你是如此的身体疲惫。..你完全陶醉。这是一种真正的成就感，你知道，真正做了一些积极的事情。”
Narrator: Natacha hopes for another positive outcome from the giraffe
rescue: that the giraffes will breed and add to the giraffe population. Perhaps they’ll be the beginning of new herd in this area.
旁白：娜塔莎希望长颈鹿拯救的另一个积极结果是：长颈鹿会繁殖并增加长颈鹿的数量。 也许他们将成为这一领域新牧群的开端。
Although Natacha and Ulf are enthusiastic about the giraffe project’s success thus far, they aren’t planning on sitting back and doing nothing now that it’s been completed. Next, Natasha and Ulf are planning to bring back the rare black rhinoceros. The black rhino has lived in Fish River Canyon before, and Natacha believes that it should be given a chance to return to the place where it once belonged.
虽然Natacha和Ulf对长颈鹿项目迄今为止的成功充满热情，但他们并没有计划在完成任务后坐下来并且什么都不做。 接下来，娜塔莎和乌尔夫计划将罕见的黑犀牛带回来。 黑犀牛以前住在鱼河峡谷，而娜塔莎认为它应该有机会回到曾经属于它的地方。
Natacha: “We try and introduce species that should be here, or that have been here before, and just see how they go . . . and how they do.”
娜塔莎：“我们尝试引入的物种，应该在这里，或者说已经来过这里，只是看他们如何去。..他们怎么做的。”
Narrator: Whatever happens in the future, Natacha is certain she’s doing the right thing.
旁白：在未来，无论发生什么事，娜塔莎肯定她是做正确的事。
Natacha: “It matters to me to know every morning that I wake up that I’m going to do something exciting, that I am where I am happy to be, that I live a way of life that I have chosen. It’s wonderful. It’s the dream becoming a reality in a way. It’s the purpose of being here.”
娜塔莎：“每天早上醒来都知道我会做一些令人兴奋的事情，我很高兴能成为一个我所选择的生活方式，这对我来说很重要。 太棒了。 这是梦想在某种程度上成为现实。 这是存在的目的。“”
Narrator: In working for the conservation of these beautiful and unusual
animals, this young woman who grew up in a distant European city is realizing her childhood dreams and finding her true purpose in the vast wilderness of Africa.
旁白：为了保护这些美丽而不寻常的动物，这个年轻的女人在一个遥远的欧洲城市长
大，正在实现她的童年梦想，并在非洲广袤的荒野中找到她的真正目的。
Unit 7 Firewalking
Narrator: In the northern Greek village of Agia Eleni, an annual spring
festival is in progress. Greek Orthodox priests lead a church service to worship Saint Constantine, the man responsible for bringing the Christian religion to the Roman Empire. But when the Orthodox ceremony ends, another ritual commences. One that the church calls “pagan” and “sacrilegious.” It is a thousand-year-old ceremony in which practitioners test their faith in a walk—through fire.
讲述者：在希腊北部的Agia Eleni村，一年一度的春节正在进行中。 希腊东正教牧师带领教堂服务，崇拜圣君士坦丁，他是负责将基督教信仰带到罗马帝国的人。 但是当东正教仪式结束时，另一个仪式开始了。 一个教会称之为“异教徒”和“亵渎神灵”。这是一个有千年历史的仪式，在这个仪式中，修炼者在步行火中测试他们的信仰。
For much of the year, the village of Agia Eleni is a quaint little town with a population of just 700 people. Many of its residents, like 54-year-old Kyriakos Patsos, feel extremely lucky to live here. Most of the time, Kyriakos lives quietly, but at festival times, Kyriakos becomes the chief icon bearer in a firewalking festival called the “Anastenaria.”
在一年中的大部分时间里，Agia Eleni村是一个古朴的小镇，人口只有700人。 许多居民，如54岁的Kyriakos Patsos，都非常幸运地住在这里。 大多数时候，Kyriakos安静地生活，但在节日时期，Kyriakos成为一个名为“Anastenaria”的火行节日的主要
标志。
The ritual centers on a set of ancient icons that worshippers believe have special powers to heal and protect. One story claims that a thousand years ago, worshippers rescued the icons from a burning church, escaping from the flames miraculously unharmed. Ever since, the descendants of those worshippers have carried the icons into the fire to prove their faith — and to seek blessings from Saint Constantine.
仪式集中在一组古代图标上，崇拜者认为这些图标具有治愈和保护的特殊能力。 一个故事声称，一千年前，崇拜者从燃烧的教堂中救出了这些图标，从火焰中逃脱，奇迹般地毫发无损。 从那以后，那些信徒的后代将这些图标带入火中以证明他们的信仰 - 并寻求圣君士坦丁的祝福。
But others view the ritual as sacrilege, a pagan custom that has survived days from long ago. Both the firewalking itself and risking the holy icons are thought to show disrespect.
但是也有人认为仪式是亵渎神灵，这是一种异教徒的习俗，从很久以前就存活了很久。 火焰本身和冒着神圣图标的行为都被认为是不尊重的。
Kyriakos Patsos, Chief Anastenarian Icon Bearer: “People who oppose the tradition dislike the fact that we take the icons along in the fire. That’s why they claim the tradition is pagan.”
Kyriakos Patsos，首席Anastenarian Icon Bearer：“反对这一传统的人不喜欢我们在火中接受图标的事实。 这就是他们宣称传统是异教徒的原因。“
Narrator: Kyriakos has firewalked most of his life but for others, faith came
later in life. Sotiris Panagiotou had long admired the firewalkers, but never expected to do it himself—until the day that he almost lost his life. Sotiris, a car mechanic, spent years working in the closed environment of his garage. His job exposed him to dangerous fumes that ultimately damaged his heart. Then one day at work, he suffered a heart attack and was rushed to the hospital.
讲述者：基里亚科斯一生中大部分时间都在火行，但对于其他人而言，信仰在以后的生活中出现了。 Sotiris Panagiotou长期以来一直钦佩这些火行者，但从未期望过这样做 - 直到他几乎失去生命的那一天。 Sotiris是一名汽车修理工，他在车库的封闭环境中工作了数年。 他的工作使他暴露在危险的烟雾中，最终伤害了他的心脏。 然后有一天上班，他心脏病发作，被送往医院。
Sotiris underwent emergency heart surgery in an attempt to repair the serious condition. He was only 41 years old. His wife lit candles in church, asking Saint Constantine to spare her husband’s life. Luckily, Sortiris survived. During his recovery, Sotiris attended the Anastenaria ritual and felt a calling to walk across the hot coals.
Sotiris接受了紧急心脏手术以试图修复严重疾病。 他才41岁。 他的妻子在教堂点燃蜡烛，要求圣康斯坦丁挽回丈夫的生命。 幸运的是，Sortiris幸免于难。 在他康复期间，Sotiris参加了Anastenaria仪式并感受到了穿越热煤的呼唤。
Sotiris Panagiotou, Firewalker: “I went there and I lit a candle, and while the firewalking was happening, I felt the power to take off my shoes and I joined the rest.”
Firewalker：Sotiris Panagiotou：“我去了那里，我点燃了一支蜡烛，当火行发生时，我觉得脱掉鞋子的力量让我和其他人一起去了。”
Narrator: Sotiris was unharmed by the hot coals, and since that day he has
become a firewalker.
旁白：索蒂里斯没有受到热煤的伤害，从那天起他就成了一名火行者。
Back at the festival, as sunset approaches, worshippers build a huge fire and the ceremony begins. As always, it starts with ancient folk songs played on traditional lyres. It’s powerful music that touches the believer’s hearts and moves their feelings and senses. It creates a powerful spiritual atmosphere. For many, dancing is a form of confession, and as the evening progresses, guilt and other emotions can become too much. Seventy-two-year-old Iro Handjantonieu is moved to tears by the weight of her sins. Iro, who lives in Athens, has attended the Anastenaria every year since 1968, but tonight will be a particularly challenging test of her faith.
在节日期间，随着日落的临近，信徒们开始大火，仪式开始了。 与往常一样，它始于传统的里拉琴演奏的古老民歌。 它是一种强大的音乐，触动信徒的心灵，感受他们的感受和感官。 它创造了强大的精神氛围。 对许多人来说，舞蹈是一种忏悔形式，随着晚上的
进展，内疚和其他情绪会变得太多。 七十二岁的Iro Handjantonieu因她的罪孽重重而泪流满面。 居住在雅典的Iro自1968年以来每年都参加Anastenaria，但今晚对她的信仰将是一次特别具有挑战性的考验。
Kyriakos picks up the sacred icon. The Saint and the dancers’ faith in him are the only protection the Anastenarians will take into the fire. While the Orthodox Church may not approve of firewalking, Anastenarians still see it as a way to receive blessings from Saint Constantine. A light wind has made the coals bright and extremely hot as they’re spread into a glowing circle. The firewalkers form a small procession. As the bearer of the holy icon, Kyriakos must lead the way.
Kyriakos拿起了神圣的图标。 圣徒和舞者对他的信任是Anastenarians对火的唯一保护。 虽然东正教会可能不赞成火行走，但是Anastenarians仍然认为这是获得圣君士坦丁祝福的一种方式。 当它们散布在一个发光的圆圈中时，一阵微风使煤炭变得明亮而极热。 火行者形成一个小队伍。 作为圣像的承载者，Kyriakos必须领先。
He will cross the hot coals first from north to south; he’ll then make a second pass, from east to west. His steps form a symbol of a holy cross, and he seems to show no indication of pain. The spiritual actual act of firewalking is surrounded in mystery and analyzed by skeptics. One expert reports that there have been several cases of people trying to walk across coals without ceremony or ritual that have resulted in severe burns. However, when participating in a ritual with others, a certain energy in the group is created that often elevates the spirit.
他将先从北向南穿过，然后再从东到西。他的脚步是一个神圣十字架的象征，他似乎
没有显示出任何痛苦的迹象。火焰行走的精神实际行为被神秘所包围，并由怀疑论者进行分析。 一位专家报告说，有几起人在没有仪式或仪式的情况下试图穿过煤炭而导致严重烧伤。 然而，当与他人一起参加仪式时，会产生一定的能量，这通常会提升精神。。
One by one, the followers of Saint Constantine step across the hot coals. Sotiris, the mechanic, takes his turn. But there is one worshipper who’s having trouble taking that first step. Iro Handjantonieu stands frozen on the edge of the fire. Her eyesight is weak and her faith is uncertain. Others warn her not to cross, saying that doubt and hesitation can lead to serious injury.
圣君士坦丁的追随者一个接一个地穿过热煤。 机械师索蒂里斯轮到他了。 但有一位崇拜者在迈出第一步时遇到了麻烦。 Iro Handjantonieu站在火堆的边缘冻结。 她的视力很弱，她的信仰不确定。 其他人警告她不要越过，说怀疑和犹豫会导致严重的伤害。。
Kyriakos: “You cannot persuade anyone to enter the fire. If someone isn’t ready, they cannot do it.”
Kyriakos：“你无法说服任何人进入火灾。如果有人还没有准备好，他们就不能这样做。”
Narrator: For the weak of heart time is running out. The fire is dying, and it
won’t be lit again for another year.
旁白：对于心脏虚弱的时间正在耗尽。火势正在消失，再过一年就不再亮了。
Iro: “I didn’t think I would do it. I said my prayers, but they didn’t help.
My eyesight is so poor these days, so my son led me across. I helped him years ago; he helps me today.”
铁：“我不认为我会做的。我说我的祈祷，但他们没有帮助。这些天我的视力很差，所以我的儿子领我穿过。几年前我帮助他，今天他帮助我。”
Narrator: Iro has completed her test of faith, but the night is not over. The ceremony continues until the hot coals are nearly stamped out. The atmosphere is a joyful one. Kyriakos, Sotiris, and everyone who managed to walk across the coals are thrilled that their faith carried them through the test.
旁白：铁已经完成了她对信仰的考验，但夜晚还没有结束。仪式继续下去，直到热煤几乎被消灭。气氛是快乐的。气氛愉快。 Kyriakos，Sotiris以及所有设法走过煤炭的人都很高兴他们的信仰通过了他们的考验。
Many of the spectators though are skeptical. Science has offered possible explanations about firewalking. One is that sweat from the body forms a protective layer between the skin and coal. But as one expert notes, while science may be a powerful way of explaining what happens, it’s not necessarily the only — or the most interesting — way to explain things.
许多观众虽然持怀疑态度。 科学提供了关于火行的可能解释。 一个是来自身体的汗液在皮肤和煤之间形成保护层。 但正如一位专家所指出的，虽然科学可能是解释所发生事情的有力方式，但它并不一定是解释事物的唯一或最有趣的方式。
Back at the shrine, the faithful need no further explanation. They could’ve been badly burned, but they seem to be untouched and completely fine. Sotiris is convinced that his faith — and his readiness to test it — has prolonged his life, and given him time with the grandson he might never have seen.
回到神社，信徒不需要进一步解释。 它们可能已被严重烧伤，但它们似乎没有受到影响而且完全没问题。 索蒂里斯深信，他的信仰 - 以及他对此进行测试的准备 - 延长了他的生命，并给了他与他可能从未见过的孙子的时间。
For Kyriakos, there’s a sense that he’s completed his duty to the village. He believes that by taking the test of fire, the firewalkers have ensured the blessings of Saint Constantine for the community for another year.
对Kyriakos来说，有一种感觉，他已经完成了对村庄的责任。 他认为，经过火灾的考验，火焰行人已经确保圣康斯坦丁为社区再祝福一年
Unit 8 Living in the Slow Lane
Narrator: The fertile hills between Florence and Siena: home to some of the
world’s best-known vineyards. This is Chianti, one of Italy’s most famous wine regions. Near its center, one can find the quaint little town of Greve. Greve in Chianti, or Greve, is a quiet, modest town with a population of a few thousand. It’s a regional center for the trading of wine and various types of produce and cheeses. But while it’s full of activity, it’s also a village that appreciates tradition. The town’s culture is inherently slow, which has helped to make Greve an official
Slow City and part of an organized Slow Movement.
旁白：佛罗伦萨和锡耶纳之间肥沃的山丘：世界上一些最着名的葡萄园的所在地。 这是意大利最着名的葡萄酒产区之一基安蒂。 在其中心附近，人们可以找到古雅的小镇格雷夫。 Greve in Chianti，或Greve，是一个安静，温和的小镇，人口数千。 它是葡萄酒贸易和各种农产品和奶酪贸易的区域中心。 虽然它充满活力，但它也是一个欣赏传统的村庄。 该镇的文化本质上是缓慢的，这有助于使格雷夫成为一个官方的慢城，并成为有组织的慢运动的一部分。。
Paolo Saturnini, Mayor of Greve: “Our challenge and our duty, is to try to maintain the soul, the essence, the ‘specialness’ of Greve in Chianti and all the other Slow Cities.”
保罗·沙特尼尼，市长：“我们的挑战和责任，就是努力保持格雷夫在基安蒂和所有其他慢城市的灵魂，本质，‘特殊性’。”
Narrator: These unusual cities are vetted according to carefully selected
criteria. The manifesto of the movement is to improve the quality of life in smaller towns and villages and to resist the globalized atmosphere of the big cities.
旁白：这些不寻常的城市根据精心挑选的标准进行审查。 该运动的宣言是提高小城镇和村庄的生活质量，抵制大城市的全球化氛围。
Narrator: Alongside the Slow City movement, another movement has
developed: the Slow Food movement. Its practitioners aim to preserve the
pleasures of good, locally grown, high quality food that is prepared slowly and carefully. Now the movement has gone international, having more than 80,000 members in over 100 countries worldwide.
旁白：除了慢城运动之外，还有另一项运动：慢食运动。 它的实践者旨在保持良好的，本地种植的，高品质的食物的乐趣，这些食物是慢慢地和小心地准备的。 现在，该运动已走向国际，在全球100多个国家拥有超过80,000名会员。
Sandro Checcuci, Greve Resident: “It’s very nice to live here, because we have a nice atmosphere, we have nice landscapes, and so, when you have nice things to see, a nice place to live in, it’s very easy.”
桑德罗checcuci，格雷夫居民：“住在这里很好，因为我们有一个很好的气氛，我们有很好的风景，所以，当你有好东西可以看，一个生活的好地方，这是很容易的。”
Narrator: Chef Salvatore Toscano left the fast life behind. He used to
manage an American-style restaurant in Florence, where he spent his days serving up hamburgers. Five years ago, he left all that behind and moved to Greve, where he’s opened a new restaurant.
旁白：厨师Salvatore Toscano离开了快节奏的生活。 他过去经常在佛罗伦萨经营一家美式餐厅，在那里他花了很多时间为汉堡包服务。 五年前，他把所有背后的东西都搬到了格雷夫，在那里他开了一家新餐馆。
Salvatore Toscano, Slow Food Chef: “It means taking the time. Finding the
rhythm that lets you live more calmly in a lot of ways, starting, of course, with what you eat.”
塞尔瓦托Toscano，慢食的厨师：“这意味着要花时间。 寻找节奏，让你在很多方面更平静地生活，当然，从你吃的东西开始。“
Narrator: Another local example of slow food lies in the mountains of
Pistoia in northern Tuscany. Here, generations of farmers have produced a magnificent pecorino cheese that is said to be delightfully unique. Made from the raw milk of black sheep, the cheese is hand-molded twice a day. The process is long and labor-intensive as each cheese is individually pressed and shaped—but of course, the result of all that labor and care can be uniformly delicious. The tradition was dying out until the Slow Food movement stepped in with a special promotion to organize the farmers and promote the cheese. These days, cheese production is on the increase again, and cheese makers like Luana Pagliai have been able to continue making and selling their own pecorino.
旁白：当地另一个慢食的例子是托斯卡纳北部的皮斯托亚山脉。 在这里，几代农民生产了一种华丽的佩克立诺奶酪，据说是独一无二的。 奶酪由黑羊原料奶制成，每天手工模制两次。 由于每种奶酪都是单独压制和成型的，因此该过程耗时长且劳动强度大，但当然，所有劳动和护理的结果都可以是均匀美味的。 这种传统正在消失，直到慢食运动介入，特别推广组织农民和推广奶酪。 如今，奶酪生产再次增加，像Luana Pagliai这样的奶酪制造商能够继续生产和销售自己的佩科里诺。
Luana Pagliai, Cheese Maker: “It’s brought us a kind of fame. Not everyone
knew about our product. The project is getting us noticed.”
这帕利艾，奶酪生产商：“这给我们带来了一种名声。不是每个人都知道我们的产品。这个项目让我们注意到了。”
Luciano Bertini, Slow Food Farmer: “From Singapore to New York and Rome, you always find the same pizza, the same hamburgers. Slow food doesn’t want this. Slow food wants the specialness of every product to be respected.”
卢西亚诺公司，慢食的农民：“从新加坡到纽约和罗马，你总能找到相同的披萨，同样的汉堡。慢食不想要这个。慢食让每一件产品的特殊性必须得到尊重。”
Narrator: The residents of Greve and other Slow Cities could be on to something. They’re making an effort to maintain a high quality of life, and to prevent the world from becoming bland. While it might seem an unusual approach for some, their way of thinking may just be what the world needs. In years to come these people may be able to look back with great satisfaction. They will have been enjoying life while most of the rest of the world has been rushing through it.
旁白：格雷夫和其他慢城市的居民可能会有所作为。 他们正在努力保持高品质的生活，并防止世界变得平淡无奇。 虽然对某些人来说这似乎是一种不寻常的方法，但他们的思维方式可能正是世界所需要的。 在未来几年，这些人可能会非常满意地回顾。 他们将享受生活，而世界其他大部分地区都在匆匆而过。
Unit 9 Alternative Energy
Narrator: The world seems to have an insatiable appetite for oil, electricity, and natural gas, but now, due to energy costs and global warming, scientists are looking to the wind, sun, and agricultural products to power our future. According to some researchers, wind power is becoming a more viable energy source.
旁白：世界似乎对石油，电力和天然气有着无法满足的胃口，但现在，由于能源成本和全球变暖，科学家们正在寻找风能，阳光和农产品来推动我们的未来发展。 据一些研究人员称，风能正在成为一种更可行的能源。
Sandy Butterfield, Wind Technology Expert: “I think the past perception was that wind energy was nice, but not a real solution. That perception is changing. I see wind energy getting more and more competitive.”
沙巴特菲尔德，风技术专家：“我认为过去的看法是风能很好，但不是真正的解决方案。这种看法正在改变。我看到风能越来越有竞争力。”
Narrator: At the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colorado, discovering alternative power sources that are competitive with fossil fuels has been a mission of scientists since the U.S. energy crisis of the 1970s. Scientists here also create solar cells that are far more efficient than those currently available to the public. They believe that the market for this technology is about to increase significantly.
旁白：在科罗拉多州戈尔登市的国家可再生能源实验室，发现与化石燃料竞争的替代能源自20世纪70年代美国能源危机以来一直是科学家们的使命。 这里的科学家们还创
造了比现有的太阳能电池效率更高的太阳能电池。 他们认为这项技术的市场即将大幅增加。
John Brenner, National Renewable Energy Laboratory: “Recent polls have shown that about seventy-five percent of the population would favor the use of solar power, clean power, and would like to see more of it happening.”
国家可再生能源实验室的约翰·布伦纳说：“最近的民意调查显示，大约百分之七十五的人口会赞成使用太阳能，清洁能源，并希望看到更多的事情发生。”
Narrator: Solar power has been around for centuries, but while the public says they like the idea of harnessing solar power and incorporating it into their daily lives, the reality for many seems to be that it’s something reserved for the future, not now.
旁白：太阳能已经存在了几个世纪，但公众表示他们喜欢利用太阳能并将其融入日常生活的想法，许多人的现实似乎是它为未来保留了一些东西，而不是现在。
Larry Kazmerski, Photovoltaic Technology Expert: “Sometimes, you know, you worry that they think that this is only a fringe, but it’s not. Photovoltaic, solar electricity, is becoming a technology that is becoming cost-effective for us as consumers in the United States.”
光伏技术专家Larry Kazmerski：“有时，你知道，你担心他们认为这只是一个边缘，但事实并非如此。 光伏太阳能电力正在成为一种技术，对我们这些美国消费者而言正在变得具有成本效益。“
Narrator: In many people’s opinions, it often takes a crisis for things to change.
在许多人看来，改变事物通常会带来危机。
Kazmerski: “When your electricity doesn’t come on in California, you start looking very, very quickly!”
kazmerski：“当你的电力在加利福尼亚没有出现时，你会开始非常非常快地看到它！”
Narrator: For some, home use of solar power is now becoming more than just an abstract idea. When Jonathon Sawyer’s solar electric system was first installed, it was believed to be the largest residential solar system in the U.S. This is likely due to the fact that solar power had not been widely promoted at the time. It’s so efficient that he actually sells electricity back to his local power company.
旁白：对于一些人来说，家庭使用太阳能现在变得不仅仅是一个抽象的想法。 当Jonathon Sawyer的太阳能电力系统首次安装时，它被认为是美国最大的住宅太阳能系统。这很可能是因为太阳能在当时并未得到广泛推广。 实际上，他将电力卖给了当地的电力公司，效率非常高。
Jonathon Sawyer, Solar Homeowner: “I also feel good because I’ve always been committed about the environment and doing something, and we have to start as individuals to do things.”
乔纳森Sawyer，太阳能房屋：“我也觉得很好，因为我一直致力于环境和做的事情，我们必须从个人做起。”
Narrator: But individuals can only do so much. Researchers claim that for
renewable energy to truly make a difference, it must be used on a large scale.
旁白：但个人也只能做这么多。 研究人员声称，要使可再生能源真正发挥作用，必须大规模使用。
Reporter on Renewable Energy Sources: “This is a solar concentrator. The mirrors focus the sun’s rays into a narrow beam which turns an engine and provides electricity. Tough to get in the backyard? Sure. But a power company could probably find a place for it.”
可再生能源记者：“这是一个太阳能集中器。 镜子将太阳光线聚焦成一个狭窄的光束，使发动机转动并提供电力。 难以进入后院？ 当然。 但是一家电力公司可能会为它找到一席之地。“
Narrator: The U.S. and other countries often lacked a great sense of urgency
to find energy alternatives. For decades, gasoline prices had been kept low with government subsidies so people continued driving large cars, usually alone. Nowadays, gasoline costs are higher, which has enhanced the need to find something else to fuel all those vehicles.
旁白：美国和其他国家往往缺乏寻找能源替代品的强烈意识。 几十年来，由于政府补
贴，汽油价格一直保持低位，因此人们继续驾驶大型汽车，通常是单独驾驶。 如今，汽油成本更高，这增加了寻找其他东西来为所有这些车辆提供燃料的需求。
John Sheehan, Alternative Fuel Researcher: “What’s in there now, is material that looks like straw, or . . . It’s actually the material that farmers leave sitting on the ground after they go through and they harvest corn. We’re trying to get farmers to collect this material so that we can run it through a conversion technology to make new liquid fuels.”
替代燃料研究员John Sheehan：“现在有什么东西，材料看起来像稻草，或者。。。 它实际上是农民经过后留在地上并收获玉米的材料。 我们正在努力让农民收集这些材料，以便我们可以通过转换技术来生产新的液体燃料。“
Narrator: Since the energy crisis of the 1970s, many farmers have been turning food into fuel by using grains like corn to create ethanol. But recently, some of the emphasis on making fuel has been moving away from the grain itself, to the stalks and stubble left on the ground after the harvest.
旁白：自从20世纪70年代的能源危机以来，许多农民一直把粮食变成燃料，用谷物来制造乙醇。但最近，一些强调燃料的重点已经从粮食本身转移到收获后留在地上的秸秆和残茬。
Sheehan: “The cellulose that’s in here — that actually is made up of
sugars — is something that they can turn into ethanol in the same way that they’re currently taking their corn grain and having it turned into fuel-grade
ethanol.”
希恩：“这里的纤维素 - 实际上是由糖组成的 - 是他们可以变成乙醇的方式，就像他们目前正在采用玉米粒并将其转化为燃料级乙醇一样。”
Narrator: The National Renewable Energy Laboratory has a manufacturing area that is capable of converting harvest leftovers — and just about anything else — into fuel.
旁白：国家可再生能源实验室的制造区域能够将收获剩余物 - 以及其他任何东西 - 转化为燃料。
Pat Woodard, Reporter: “What are some of these other materials here? What else we got?”
帕特伍德，记者：“什么是一些其他的材料吗？我们还有什么？“
Sheehan: “Some of these, like this for example, is a wood material.”
希恩：“其中一些，这样的例子，是一个木质材料。”
Narrator: Proving that sustainable energy technology is actually viable remains a struggle, at least in the U.S. Wind turbines, which were pioneered in the United States, are now being used by several countries in Europe to supply meaningful amounts of power.
旁白：证明可持续能源技术真正可行仍然是一场斗争，至少在美国风力涡轮机是美国的先驱，现在欧洲的一些国家正在使用它来提供有意义的电力。
Butterfield: “The cost of energy in the United States is so low compared to Europe, that our industry has had a harder time competing with fossil fuels.”
巴特菲尔德：“与欧洲相比，美国的能源成本如此之低，以至于我们的行业在与化石燃料的竞争中更加困难。”
Narrator: The cost of fuel in many countries has increased significantly over
the past few years. While it has caused hardship for many, this cost increase may also increase the urgency to find reliable fossil fuel alternatives and thereby reduce the greenhouse gases that cause global warming. The time for alternative energy may have arrived, and for those who use it, the future may be now.
在过去几年中，许多国家的燃料成本大幅增加。 虽然它给许多人带来了困难，但这种成本的增加也可能增加寻找可靠的化石燃料替代品的紧迫性，从而减少导致全球变暖的温室气体。 替代能源的时间可能已经到来，对于那些使用它的人来说，未来可能就是现在。
Unit 10 Mars on Earth
Narrator: On the remote island of Devon in the Canadian Arctic, a group of NASA explorers have come to learn how to live and work on Mars. Part of the work here will be to field test equipment that they hope will eventually be used on exploration trips to the distant planet.
旁白：在加拿大北极的偏远岛屿德文郡，一群美国宇航局探险家开始学习如何在火星上生活和工作。 这里的部分工作将是现场测试设备，他们希望这些设备最终将用于探索遥远星球的旅行。
Mars, sometimes known as the Red Planet, is a harsh place. The surface is freezing and the terrain rugged. At night, surface temperatures can drop to -73 degrees Celsius and below, and the atmosphere is poisonous to breathe. Add to that radiation and dust storms, and it becomes clear that surviving there would be an impressive feat. That’s what keeps researchers coming back to Devon each year. Its rocky, treeless landscape is a kind of “Mars on Earth”.
火星，有时被称为红色星球，是一个严酷的地方。表面结冰，地形崎岖。在晚上，表面温度可降至-73摄氏度以下，并且大气对呼吸有毒。 再加上辐射和沙尘暴，很明显，在那里生存会有一个令人印象深刻的壮举。 这就是让研究人员每年回到德文郡的原因。 它的岩石，无树木景观是一种“地球上的火星”。
Thirty-nine million years ago, Devon Island was hit by a large meteorite that created a 20-kilometer-wide crater. Today it’s called the Haughton Crater and it almost exactly resembles the thousands of craters that cover the landscape of Mars. While it’s safer and more easily reached than Mars, Devon comes with its own dangers: unpredictable weather, high winds, and a predator that thinks humans might be lunch. Despite the risks, project director and scientist Pascal Lee feels training here is what’s best for the team’s mission.
三千九百万年前，德文岛被一颗巨大的陨石击中，形成了一个20公里宽的陨石坑。 今
天它被称为Haughton Crater，它几乎完全类似于覆盖火星景观的数千个陨石坑。 虽然它比火星更安全，更容易到达，但德文有自己的危险：不可预测的天气，强风和认为人类可能是午餐的捕食者。 尽管存在风险，项目总监和科学家Pascal Lee认为，在这里进行培训对于团队的使命是最好的。
Pascal Lee, Project Director: “Copy loud and clear. By being faced with all the operational realities of having to explore a place for real, you are precisely building this experience to really plan an expedition where all of these elements cannot be left to chance. You have to plan it well.”
帕斯卡李，项目总监：“大声而清晰地复制。 通过面对必须探索真实场所的所有操作现实，您正在构建这种体验，以真正规划一个所有这些元素都不可能被遗忘的探险。 你必须做好计划。“
Narrator: When Lee heard about Devon Island, he was convinced that this
was the ideal place to train. When people think of Mars, they usually think of astronauts in space suits. Here on Devon Island, Lee and his team are, in fact, field testing the NASA Mars Concept Suit to see how it withstands harsh conditions. The suit is big, bulky, and, according to people who’ve tried it, uncomfortable and confining. Addy Overbeeke and Stanley Kusmider are the suit engineers.
旁白：当李听说德文岛时，他确信这是一个理想的训练场所。 当人们想到火星时，他们通常会想到穿着太空服的宇航员。 事实上，在德文岛上，李和他的团队正在对NASA火星概念套装进行现场测试，看看它是如何经受住恶劣条件的。 这套衣服很大，很笨重，并且据尝试过的人说，不舒服和限制。 Addy Overbeeke和Stanley Kusmider是西装工
程师。
Stanley Kusmider, Space Suit Engineer: “You’re at the bar and you’re talking to someone, and they ask you, ‘Oh, what do you do?’ ‘I work on space suits.’ They say, ‘Oh ho ho! That’s funny! Funny guy! ’”
斯坦利kusmider，太空服的工程师：“你在酒吧和你谈话的人，他们问你，“哦，你是做什么的？“我为太空服工作，”他们说，“噢，何！这很有趣！有趣的人！“”
Narrator: Depending on the perspective, designing a Mars suit is either a
great engineering challenge or a mechanical nightmare. Mars is incredibly dusty and the suit’s outer surface will constantly be coated with a film of Mars’ dust. And because Mars is so far away, explorers will need to spend at least a year using the same suits day after day. They need to be extremely strong, reliable, and easily repaired in order to survive for the entire duration of the trip.
从不同的角度来看，设计一个火星的西装是一个伟大的工程挑战或一个机械的噩梦。火星是令人难以置信的尘埃，而这套衣服的外表面会不断地被一层火星的灰尘覆盖。而且由于火星距离遥远，探险者需要至少花一年时间使用相同的套装。他们需要非常强大，可靠，易于维修，以生存的整个持续时间的行程。
Overbeeke has spent his career working on space suits. He loves the challenge of making one work for use on Mars.
overbeeke已经度过了他职业生涯的工作空间，适合。他喜欢在火星上制作一个工作
的挑战。
Addy Overbeeke, Space Suit Engineer: “You have to think about what they’re really going to be operating in, and thinking that ‘Hey, this isn’t it. We have to make the systems more robust, we have to make the systems more user-friendly for them to operate in a system that’s even more severe than this.’”
阿迪overbeeke，太空服的工程师：“你必须想想他们真的要经营，并认为“嘿，这是不是。我们必须使系统更加强大，我们必须使系统更方便用户操作系统中，甚至更严重的比这。
Narrator: Mars and Earth share many similarities; they both have about the
same amount of dry land and they both have roughly a 24-hour day, which means that plants can conceivably be grown there. Therefore, Canadian scientist Alain Berinstein is attempting to grow plants in the Marslike conditions of Devon.
旁白：火星和地球有许多相似之处；他们都有关于陆地一样都有大约一天24小时不间断的，这意味着植物可以生长在那里。因此，加拿大科学家阿兰berinstein试图在德文marslike条件下生长的植物。
Alain Berinstein, Scientist: “Outside the greenhouse you can see that there is a hybrid wind and solar power generation system that charges a bank of batteries, and now we do have our own independent power system in place. And so now we are running in a totally autonomous mode with our own power and
communications system which will allow us to operate twenty-four hours a day, twelve months a year.”
阿兰berinstein，科学家：“在温室外面你可以看到，有一个混合风能和太阳能发电系统可以为一组电池充电，现在我们拥有自己的独立电力系统。 因此，现在我们以完全自主的方式运行我们自己的电力和通信系统，这将使我们能够每天24小时，一年12个月运行。“
Narrator: The greenhouse can operate on self-generated electrical output
even through the long, dark winter when nobody is living on Devon Island.
旁白：即使在漫长而黑暗的冬季，没有人住在德文岛上，温室也可以自行生成电力输出。
Mars’s atmosphere may be thin and poisonous to humans; however it’s not too thin in which to fly. So, researchers have proposed using robotic planes as substitute explorers. This UAV, or unmanned aerial vehicle, is an advanced scout, designed to search for and photograph areas of interest. But a pilot doesn’t fly this plane. It thinks for itself. Project contractor Greg Pisinich calls the device “The Flying Graduate Student on Mars.”
火星的大气对人类来说可能是稀薄和有毒的，但是它飞得不算太薄。 因此，研究人员提出使用机器人飞机作为替代探索者。 这种无人机或无人驾驶飞行器是一种先进的侦察机，旨在搜索和拍摄感兴趣的区域。 但飞行员不会驾驶这架飞机。 它为自己思考。 项目承包商Greg Pisinich称该设备为“火星上的飞行研究生”。
Greg Pisinich, Contractor: “You want something that has enough intelligence to make decisions, to look for the right science, to follow a hypothesis.”
格雷戈pisinich，承包人：“你想要的东西，有了足够的情报来做决策，寻找正确的科学的，遵循一个假说。”
Narrator: The images the plane captures reveal an alien-looking landscape.
It’s a great tool for explorers right here on Devon Island. The NASA-Haughton team often needs mapping assistance in order to reach remote areas of the crater. It’s also a step toward developing possible tools for future Mars explorers once they reach Mars.
旁白：飞机拍摄的图像显示出外星人的风景。 这是德文郡岛上探险家的绝佳工具。 NASA-Haughton团队经常需要绘图辅助才能到达火山口的偏远地区。 这也是未来火星探险者到达火星后开发可能工具的一步。
Narrator: British scientist Charlie Cockell and expedition leader Pascal Lee
need to collect some samples on the shore of the island. That’s where the ‘Martian Rover’ comes in; it’s the only way to get there. Lee, who aims to be the first person to land on Mars, wants to push the limits of the Martian Rover. For this expedition, they are combining the technology of the Martian Rover with that of the “Thinking Mars Airplane.”
旁白：英国科学家查利科克尔，探险队队长帕斯卡李需要收集在岛的岸边一些样品。这就是“火星车”的来源，这是唯一的办法。李，谁的目标是在火星上的第一人，要推的
限制，火星车。在这次探险中，他们将与火星车的技术相结合，与“思考火星飞机”。
Lee: “So we’ll head out from camp, go past the front of Marine peak . . .”
李：“所以我们会从营地里出来，走到前面的海洋高峰。“..”
Narrator: NASA’s Bill Clancey has come to learn how Lee and Cockell
translate air photos into useful information to find the best route on the ground.
旁白：NASA的比尔Clancey已经学会李和科克尔翻译航空照片转换成有用的信息来在地上找到最佳路线。
Bill Clancey, NASA: “It looks like a piece of paper that has gotten wet and it’s been crumpled up, and it’s just full of wrinkles. And Pascal looks at this and sees valleys, these valley networks, and he sees canyons, and he understands cliffs and gullies here. It’s remarkable.”
比尔Clancey，NASA：“它看起来像一张纸，湿了，它已经垮了，只是满脸皱纹。和Pascal看看到的山谷，这些山谷网络，他看到峡谷，他了解这里的悬崖和沟。真是太了不起了。”
Narrator: photos.
Pascal and Charlie seem to be easily finding the route using the
旁白：Pascal和查利似乎是很容易找到的路径使用的照片。
Cockell: “Start here. That’s where we want to go. We want to find a route down to the right there, and just go around . . . Are we there yet? I want ice cream.”
科克尔：“从这里开始。这就是我们要去的地方。我们想找到一条路线到正确的道路上，而只是四处走。..我们还有吗？我要冰淇淋。”
Expedition Member: “Just ten more minutes.”
探险队成员：“只需十分钟。”
Narrator: The two men are making good progress toward the coastline and
the Rover is doing well. They’ve now traveled further south than any other Devon Island team. Never has the island’s terrain looked so much like Mars, red hills and valleys as far as the eye can see. The team continues to make great progress, but then Steve Braham, a fellow researcher back at the camp, calls. A huge storm is moving in, he tells them, and the team lies in its path. Steve gives them an order: come home now.
旁白：这2个男人正在向海岸线的方向发展，而月球车正在做的很好。现在他们已经前往更远的南部比其他任何德文岛队。从来没有这个岛的地形看起来像火星，红色的山丘和山谷的眼睛可以看到。球队继续让杰出的进展，但随后史提夫布拉汉姆，一个研究员在返回营地，电话。一个巨大的风暴正在移动中，他告诉他们，团队在于它的路径。史提夫给了他们一个命令：现在回家。
Even though they didn’t make it to the coast, the expedition was a success. The men tested key systems: air photos, long-range radios, advanced scouting techniques, and the rover itself. In this harsh and remote location, being able to return to the starting point with everyone and everything safe makes the trip a success. The field testing on Devon Island proved valuable and effective, but when will they be able to build systems that can withstand the far harsher condition on Mars?
即使他们没有到达海岸，这次探险也取得了成功。 这些人测试了关键系统：航空照片，远程无线电，先进的侦察技术和漫游车本身。 在这个苛刻和偏远的地方，能够回到起点，每个人和一切都安全，使旅行成功。 在德文岛进行的现场测试证明是有价值和有效的，但他们什么时候能够建造能够承受火星上更恶劣条件的系统？
Overbeeke: “We know that it’s man’s destiny to go out and do space exploration. It’s always time to think about what you want to do in the future.”
overbeeke：“我们知道，去做太空探索是人类的命运。你总是有时间去想你将来想做什么。”
Narrator: These scientists are preparing for their futures right here, using
their own version of “Mars on Earth.”
旁白：这些科学家正在使用自己版本的“地球上的火星”为这里的未来做准备。
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