定语从句关系词特殊情况

定语从句关系词

一、先行词指物，只用that不用which的特殊情况：

1、先行词是不定代词all, little, few, something等或被不定代词any, each, every, much, (a) little, (a) few等修饰时。Eg. Do you have anything that I can do for you? / There is much (work) that he can do here.

2、先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级所修饰时。Eg. This is the most interesting story that I have heard.

3、先行词是序数词（以及last）或被序数词所修饰时。Eg. This is the first city that I visited in China.

4、先行词前有the very, the only, the just等修饰时。Eg. This is the very pen that I lost yesterday.

5、一个句子带有两个定语从句，一个已用which, 为避免重复，另一个只能用that。Eg. They built up a factory which produced things that sold well.

6、先行词既有人又有物时。Eg. Do you remember the things and persons that we often talked about in our childhood?

7、主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。Eg. Who is the girl that is standing there? / Which is the car that you bought last night?

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注：当先行词指人时，除了第6、7条以及有the same修饰不能用who之外，其他情况既能用that又能用who/ whom引导。

二、先行词指人，只用who/whom不用that的情况：

1、先行词是不定代词one, ones, anyone, anybody等时。Eg. Is there anybody else who would speak at the meeting?

2、先行词是those时。Eg. Those who want to visit the museum sign up here.

3、非限定性定语从句中，无论先行词指人还是指物，都不用that。Eg. I have two sons, one of whom is abroad.

4、一个句子带有两个定语从句，一个已用that, 为避免重复，另一个只能用who/whom。 Eg. The girl that is singing is my classmate who studies very hard.

5、在there be开头的句子里。Eg. There are many old men who don’t like pop music.

6、关联词紧贴介词，不能用that( 指人用whom指物用which)。Eg. Do you know the boy with whom the teacher is talking?

7、先行词有较长的后置定语，且定语为物，为明确关系，只能用who/whom。Eg. I met a foreign from the United States who could speak Chinese very well.

三、关系代词as与which的用法比较：

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1、as 和which均可以代整个主句，引导一个非限定性定语从句，有时可以换用。但是它们有区别：

1）as从句可以在主句前、后甚至中间，而which从句只能放在主句后。Eg.

He was against the idea, as/ which was expected.

As was expected, he was against the idea.

2）as有“正如、正像、像……那样”之意，并已形成固定搭配，而which既没有上述含义，也没有类似的固定搭配。Eg. As is known to all, the earth goes round the sun.

类似的结构还有：as was usual像往常那样，as is reported像报道的那样，as anyone can see正如大家所看到的，as is often said正如常说的那样……

2、as引导的限定性定语从句，常用于the same…as, such…as, such as等固定搭配中。Eg. It is the same book as I bought last week. 这本书和我上周买的那本相同。

Such people as/ People such as you describe are rare nowadays. 你描述的那种人现在已经很少了。

注：the same…as引导的从句，指与先行词相似的同类事物；而the same…that从句指与先行词同一事物。Eg.

This is the same bag as I lost. 这个包与我丢的那个包一样。

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This is the same bag that I lost. 这正是我丢的那个包。

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