分类：一相当于名词。例如whiteelephant:somethinguselessandunwantedbutbigandcostly累赘braintrust:agroupofpeoplewithspecialknowledgewhoanswerquestionsorgiveadvice)智囊团fleshandblood:relativeorfamily骨肉亲情anappleofdiscord:causeofdisagreementorargument,etc不和的种子，祸根Jackofalltrades:apersonwhocandomanydifferentkindsofworkbutmaynotgoodatanyofthem门门懂，样样瘟；行行皆通,样样稀松flyintheointment:somethingthatspoilstheperfectionofsomething.美中不足二相当于形容词cutanddried:alreadysettledandunlikelytobechangedaspoorasachurchmouse:having,orearning,barelyenoughmoneyforone'sneedswideofthemark:notatallsuitable,correct,etcbeyondthepale:beyondthelimitofproperbehaviourupintheair:uncertain.三相当于动词lookinto:investigategoon:continueputoff:discourage...from;cause...todislike,etc.delay;makeexcusesinordertoavoidadutyturnon:switchongetawaywith:dosomethingwrongwithoutbeingpunishedputdownto:statethatsomethingiscausedorexplainedbymakeit:arriveintime;succeedindoingfollowone'snose:gostraightahead,gointhesamedirectionfallflat:failcompletelyinitsintendedorexpectedeffectgivesbthebag:fireordismisssomebodysingadifferenttune:changeone'sopinionorattitudecallitaday:decideoragreetostopeithertemporarilyorforgoodchopandchange:fluctuateorvaryconstantly;keepchangingone'sopinionswimagainstthestream:dotheoppositeofwhatmostpeoplewanttodocomebacktoearth:stopimaginingordreamingmakeendsmeet:earnwhatitcoststolivekeepthepotboiling:earnenoughtomaintainanadequatestandardofliving;keepasituationactive,amusingetc.letthedogseetherabbit:donotgetinthewayofanotherwhowishestoseeordosth.bitethehandthatfeedsone:repaykindnesswithwrong;turnagainstahelperorsupporter四相当于副词toothandnail:withgreatviolenceanddeterminationinnothingflat:inaverylittletime;soonthroughthickandthin:throughalldifficultiesandtroubles五相当于句子（谚语，口头禅等）Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush.Allisnotgoldthatglitters.Killthegoosethatlaidthegoldenegg.使用：一习语的文体特征：习语十之八九是非正式的口头语，俚语，因此，不适合用于正式文体中。偶尔，在正式文体中能见到及其正式的习语和老掉牙的说法。1.口头语hangin:nottogiveupHanginthere,oldbuddy;theworstisyettocome.bigwheel:aninfluentialorimportantpersonUncleFerdinandisabigwheelinWashington,maybehecanhelpyouwithyourproblem.makewaves:createadisturbance,asensationJoeisthewrongmanforthejob;he'salwaystryingtomakewaves.canofworms:acomplexproblemorcomplicatedsituationLet'snotgetintobigcitypolitics-that'sadifferentcanofworms.2.俚语cancerstick:cigaretteThrowawaythatcancerstick!Smokingisbadforyou.hitthesack:gotobedI'msleepy;let'shitthesack.dishthedirt:gossiporspreadrumoursaboutothersStopdishingthedirt,Sally,it'sreallyunbecoming!feelnopain:bedrunkAfterafewdrinks,themanfeltnopainandbegantoactfoolishly.inthesoup:inserioustrouble;inconfusionWhenhiswifeoverdrewtheirbankaccountwithouttellinghim,MrCooksuddenlyfoundhimselfreallyinthesoup.3.文学表达cometopass:takeplace;happenStrangethingscometopassintroubledtimes.beitthat:eventhoughAndbeitthatindeedthatIhaveerred,mineerrorremainethwithmyself.inthewakeof:rightafter;followingFaminefollowedinthewakeofwar.givethelieto:callsomebodyaliarThepolicegavethelietothemanwhosaidthathehadbeenathomeduringtherobbery.ofnote:notable;well-knownSahgalisanovelistofnoteinIndia.crossswords:haveanargumentwith;fightThatwaswhereIcrossedswordswithWilfitinthediscussionoffinancingthenewproject.二习语的修辞特征1.语音的使用a.头韵：chopandchange:fluctuateorvaryconstantly;keepchangingone'sopinionmightandmain:allone'spowerandstrengthroughandready:acceptable,butnotverygoodpartandparcel:mostimportantandessentialparttossandturn:keepturningfromsidetosidebagandbaggage:withallone'sbelongingssumandsubstance:thegistofsomethingneitherfish,fleshorfowl:difficulttoclassifyb.尾韵kithandkin:relativetoilandmoil:workhardandlongbyhookandbycrook:byallmeansgoodandfoulfairandsquare:just,honest;withoutdeceitAlittlepotissoonhot.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.There'smanyaslipbetweenthecupandthelip.杯到嘴边还会失手（指万事难以十拿九稳，事情往往功败垂成）2.词汇的使用a.同义词复用screamandshout;pickandchoose,roughandtough,bitsandpieces,waysandmeans,b.重复byandby,suchandsuch,lotsandlots,daybyday,facetoface,handinhand,formtimetotime,c.反义词复用hereandthere,hitormiss,wealandwoe,cutandcarve,hustleandbustle,oddsandends,pushandshove,byleapsandboundsoutandout,neckandneck,roundandround,allinall,shouldertoshoulder,wordforword,yearinyearout.upanddown,rainorshine,firstandlast,highandlow,rightandleft,playfastandloose,fromheadtofoot,3.修辞手法的使用a.明喻asmuteasafish;asgracefulasaswan,eatlikeahorse,Timeflieslikeanarrow,b.暗喻blacksheepsnakeinthegrassawetblanketc.转喻inthecradlefromcradletograved.借代earnone'sbreadtwoheadsarebetterthanonee.拟人Failureisthemotherofsuccess.Thepotcallsthekettleblack.butbadmasters.f.委婉语thecallofnaturekickthebucketaworldoftroublebackandforth,soonerorlater,moveheavenandearth,fromstarttofinishasdeadasadoornail,likearatinahole,sleeplikealog,spendmoneylikewater.adarkhorsethesaltoftheearthlivebyone'spenmakeupapursefallintogoodhandsActionspeakslouderthanwords.Fireandwateraregoodservants,powderone'snoseabigcheeseafloodoftears
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