专业英语八级（改错）模拟试卷177 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有： 3. LANGUAGE USAGE
PART III LANGUAGE USAGE
Educational philosophy has changed a great deal in the 50 years since I was in school. Back then, for example, I had the highest grades in school, but many of my teachers went out of theirway to cut me down because I wouldn’t get conceit. Aside from【M1】______the debated question of whether that worked, the point is that【M2】______today, the educational establishment has the opposite philosophy. They tend to tell all kids they are smart. I have seen elementary schools that most students are selected as “Honors Students.”【M3】______ Research clearly shows that if students learn best from their【M4】______mistakes depend on a student’s self-perception. Research by Carol【M5】______Dweck and colleagues at Stanford demonstrated that the students who are most likely to learn from their mistakes are those whodon’t think of themselves as smart as such and smart enough to get【M6】______smarter. They have a “growth mindset,” a belief system they can【M7】______get better if they will just invest in the time and effort. In one of【M8】______the group’s experiments, half of students were repeatedly praised【M9】______for “being smart,” and these students were not good at learning from mistakes. It is not clear why. Maybe they thought the problem was in the learning material, not in them. The other half of students were praised for effort and improvement and thesestudents got better and made few mistakes. Several months later,【M10】______all students repeated a standardized test, and the “smart” students’ scores dropped 20%, while the “growth mindset” students scored 30% higher.
1． 【M1】
正确答案：conceit一conceited
解析：词汇错误。conceit可以作名词或动词，此处应该用其形容词形式conceited，意为“骄傲的，自负的”。 知识模块：改错
2． 【M2】
正确答案：debated一debatable
解析：词汇错误。debated作形容词，意为“被争论的”，debatable的意思是“有争议的；可争论的”。而此处作者要强调的是这个问题具有争议性，所以用debatable更合适。 知识模块：改错
3． 【M3】
正确答案：that一where
解析：语法错误。schools后接的是一个定语从句，而在此定语从句中，that既不是作主语，也不是作宾语，而是作状语，表示“在这些学校”，所以应该用表示地点的关系副词where来引导。 知识模块：改错
4． 【M4】
正确答案：if一whether
解析：词汇错误。引导主语从句一般用whether，而不用if。 知识模块：改错
5． 【M5】
正确答案：depend一depends 解析：语法错误。depend的主语是whether引导的从句，单个从句作主语时，应该当做单数名词来看，所以谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 知识模块：改错
6． 【M6】
正确答案：and一but
解析：语篇错误。从上下文的语义来判断。句间的逻辑关系应为转折关系。前面一句说到“最有可能从错误当中学习的学生是那些认为自己并不那么聪明”。后句则说“聪明到足以认识到通过努力可以变得更聪明”，前句的“不那么聪明”和后句的“聪明”形成语义的转折，故应把and改为but。 知识模块：改错
7． 【M7】
正确答案：system∧一that 解析：语法错误。仔细分析此句的意思，theycan get better if．．应该作“agrowth mindset”或者abelief system的同位语，用以说明它们的具体内容，而同位语从句的引导词that是不能省略的。 知识模块：改错
8． 【M8】
正确答案：(invest)in一去掉in 解析：词汇错误。invest表示“投入(时间，金钱等)”时，通常用在invest time／money／effort(insth．／in doing sth．)结构中，故此处删掉in。 知识模块：改错
9． 【M9】
正确答案：∧students—the
解析：词汇错误。此处是特指参加实验的学生，所以应加上表示特指的定冠词。 知识模块：改错
10． 【M10】
正确答案：few一fewer
解析：词汇错误。few意为“很少，几乎没有”，而由此句的better一词，我们可以看出此句是对比实验前后学生的表现，而且从上下文以及客观常识来推断，一次实验并不能让学生不犯错误，所以此处应该用比较级fewer。 知识模块：改错
In a Bertelsmann Foundation study on social justice releasedthis fall, the United States came in deadly last among the rich【M1】______countries, with only Greece, Chile, Mexico and Turkey faring worse. Whether in poverty prevention, child poverty, incomeinequality and health ratings, the United States ranked below【M2】______countries like Spain and South Korea, not mention Japan,【M3】______Germany or France. It was another sign of how badly Americans are hurting theirmiddle class. Wars, famine and violence have been devastated【M4】______middle classes before, in Germany and Japan. But when the smoke cleared and the dust settled, a social structure roughly similar to what existed before would always resurface. No nation has ever lost an existing middle class, and theUnited States is in danger of that yet. But the percentage of【M5】______national income holding by the top 1 percent of Americans went【M6】______from about 10 percent in 1980 to 24 percent in 2007, that is a【M7】______worrisome signal. So before the United States continues on its current road of dismantling its version of the welfare state, of expanding the gap between rich and poor, Americans might dowell glance south. The lesson is that even after a large middle class【M8】______emerges, yawning inequities between rich and poor severely strain any society’s cohesion and harmony. The United States has never had the type of robust welfarestate that European built after World War II. It didn’t need that.【M9】______Through private initiative and efforts to equalize opportunity, Americans long ago ensured that a huge middle class would provide the social glue to hold his society together.【M10】______
11． 【M1】
正确答案：deadly一dead
解析：词汇错误。deadly意为“致命的。死一般的，非常的”，用在此处解释不通，而dead last意为“最末，垫底”，符合上下文的意思。 知识模块：改错
12． 【M2】
正确答案：and一or
解析：词汇错误。此处与上文的whether连用．应该用or，表示“是……还是……，不管……还是……”。 知识模块：改错
13． 【M3】
正确答案：∧mention一to 解析：词汇错误。not to mention是一个固定词组，意为“更不用说……”。 知识模块：改错
14． 【M4】
正确答案：been—去掉been
解析：语法错误。devastate意为“摧毁”，此句的意思是“战争、饥荒、暴力曾经摧毁了德国，日本的中产阶级”，谓语应该用主动语态。 知识模块：改错
15． 【M5】
正确答案：∧in—not
解析：语篇错误。该段的第一句话告诉我们“没有哪个国家曾经失去过它的中产阶级”，从连词and判断，第二句应表达相类似的意思，也就是说，美国目前也没有这样的危险(即失去中产阶级)，所以要加上否定词not。注意，本句末尾的yet只是一个加强语气的副词，而不是表示转折关系的连词。 知识模块：改错
16． 【M6】
正确答案：holding—held
解析：语法错误。此处是分词短语作后置定语，通过hold之后的介词by以及hold与其修饰的词the percentage of national income之间的逻辑关系，可以断定此处应该用过去分词形式。 知识模块：改错
17． 【M7】
正确答案：that—which或∧that—and
解析：语法错误。逗号不能连接两个独立的句子。要么在逗号之后用which引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整句话；要么加上and，使前后两句成为并列句。 知识模块：改错
18． 【M8】
正确答案：∧glance一to
解析：词汇错误。might do well意为“最好做……，不妨做……”．其后通常接动词不定式作宾语，故应补上to。 知识模块：改错
19． 【M9】
正确答案：European—Europeans或European∧一countries
解析：词汇错误。European在此处可以理解为名词，表示“欧洲人”，但应该用European的复数形式泛指欧洲人，也可以理解为形容词“欧洲的”，后面加上countries。 知识模块：改错
20． 【M10】
正确答案：his一their
解析：语篇错误。本句的主语是Americans，故此行中his society在指代的单复数上有误。要把his改作their。 知识模块：改错
Young people are facing an uncertain future. As the 21stcentury dawned, they were promised a wealth of prospects unless【M1】______they stayed in education or took up with the wide range of training【M2】______opportunities. Now, more than 10 years on, their dreams of education and job opportunities have disintegrated, for reasons far beyond their control. While it is something of an adult pastime to complain aboutyoung people, we have to face up with our responsibility for【M3】______letting down a generation. The economical crisis has brought with【M4】______it a tsunami of jobless young people and many more teenagerswaiting in wings wondering what the future holds. Rather than【M5】______jump on the “ aren’ t they all nuisances and responsible rioters”【M6】______bandwagon, which would have been an easy movement to make【M7】______given the coverage teenagers got over the summer, the government has produced a paper on how we all need to be Positive For Youth. Positive For Youth call for a “new partnership approach” in【M8】______local areas—between businesses, charities, public services, the general public and young people—to provide more opportunities and better support to our teens. For businesses and charities, youngpeople are their future employers and customers. For public【M9】______services, early and positive support can reduce the chances ofpublic funds wasting in holding young people in expensive secure【M10】______provision, or managing the remedial effects of inadequate support and assistance as they reach young adulthood.
21． 【M1】
正确答案：unless一if
解析：语篇错误。原句在逻辑上解释不通。通过上下文我们可以推断，作者要表达的意思是“在21世纪刚刚来临时，他们以为，如果接受了良好的教育和广泛的培训，就一定会有一个美好的未来”。故将unless改为if。 知识模块：改错
22． 【M2】
正确答案：with一去掉with
解析：词汇错误。take up with意为“开始与……来往，开始产生兴趣”，与
此处的the wide rangeof training opportunities搭配，解释不通。take up意为“开始从事，占用，占据”，用在此处表示“接受广泛的培训机会”。 知识模块：改错
23． 【M3】
正确答案：with—to
解析：词汇错误。face up to是固定短语，意为“勇敢面对”。若要与with搭配，则常用于be faced with的结构。 知识模块：改错
24． 【M4】
正确答案：economical一economic
解析：词汇错误。经济危机应译为economic crisis，而economical的意思为“经济的．节约的，合算的”，用在此处，不符合上下文的意思。 知识模块：改错
25． 【M5】
正确答案：∧wings—the
解析：词汇错误。wait in the wings是固定短语，意为“时刻准备着”。 知识模块：改错
26． 【M6】
正确答案：responsible一irresponsible
解析：语法错误。该段第一句告诉我们“成年人总是以抱怨年轻人的种种不是来作为消遣”，暗示了成年人对年轻人总是给予负面评价，而且从本句的nuisances，rioters两词来看，此处也应该是一个表贬义的词，故改为irresponsible。 知识模块：改错
27． 【M7】
正确答案：movement一move
解析：词汇错误。movement意为“运动，活动，动向”，不符合上下文的意思，而move作名词时，有“动作，步骤，措施”的意思，此处与make搭配使用，表示“采取……行动或措施”。 知识模块：改错
28． 【M8】
正确答案：call一calls
解析：语法错误。此句的主语Positive ForYouth是某一项活动的名称，是一个单数意义的词组，所以谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 知识模块：改错
29． 【M9】
正确答案：employers一employees
解析：词汇错误。对于商家来说．年轻人应该是他们未来的雇员，而不是雇主。 知识模块：改错
30． 【M10】
正确答案：wasting一wasted
解析：语法错误。此处wasting是分词短语作后置定语，而waste与fund之间是被动关系，表示“被浪费在……上的资金”，故改为过去分词形式。 知识模块：改错
Pub-talk, the most popular activity in all pubs, is a native dialect with its own distinctive grammar. There are very fewrestriction on what you can talk about in pubs: pub etiquette is【M1】______concerned mainly about the form of your conversation, not the【M2】______content. When a regular enters into the pub, you will often hear a【M3】______chorus of friendly greetings from the other regulars, the publican【M4】______and bar staff. The regular responds to each greeting, usuallyaddressed the greeter by name or nickname. No one is conscious【M5】______of obeying a rule or following a formula, yet you will hear the same greeting ritual in every pub in the country. The words may not even be particular polite: a regular may be【M6】______greeted with “ Back again, Joe?—haven’t you got a home to go to?” or “Ah, just in time to buy your round, Joe! “. When you firstenter a pub, don’t just drink—start by saying “Good evening” and【M7】______”Good morning”, with a friendly nod and a smile, to the bar staff and the regulars at the bar counter. For most natives, this willtrigger an automatic, reflex greeting-response, if it is only a nod.【M8】______Don’t worry if the initial respond is somewhat reserved. By【M9】______greeting before ordering, you have communicated friendly intentions. Although this does not make you an ‘instant regular’, itwill be noticed, your subsequent attempts to initiate contact will be【M10】______received more favorably.
31． 【M1】
正确答案：restriction一restrictions
解析：语法错误。few与复数可数名词连用，所以此处应该用名词的复数形式。 知识模块：改错
32． 【M2】
正确答案：about—with 解析：词汇错误。be concerned about意为“关心……，担忧……，挂念……”，而be concerned with意为“涉及，与……有关系(或有牵连)”。此处要表达的意思
是“酒吧礼仪主要与交谈方式有关”，所以用with，而不用about。 知识模块：改错
33． 【M3】
正确答案：into一去掉into
解析：词汇错误。enter表示“进入(门，房间等)”这一基本意思时用作及物动词。而enter into表示“卷入(活动，境况，事件)，开始从事或者成为……的一部分(或因素)”。在这里只强调进入酒吧这个动作，故删掉into。 知识模块：改错
34． 【M4】
正确答案：the(other)一去掉the
解析：词汇错误。这里other regulars泛指在酒吧喝酒的酒吧常客，而不是特指所有在座的酒吧常客，所以去掉表示特指的定冠词the。 知识模块：改错
35． 【M5】
正确答案：addressed一addressing
解析：语法错误。addressed在此处是动词的分词形式作状语，而address与其逻辑主语The regular是主动关系，所以应选用现在分词形式addressing，表示“称呼”。 知识模块：改错
36． 【M6】
正确答案：particular一particularly
解析：语法错误。此处应该用particular的副词形式来修饰形容词polite，所以改为其副词形式particularly。 知识模块：改错
37． 【M7】
正确答案：and—or
解析：语篇错误。从逻辑意义上判断，此处应该是从Good evening和Good morning中选择其一，而不是两者兼而有之，所以要用表示选择关系的连词Or。 知识模块：改错
38． 【M8】
正确答案：∧if—even
解析：语篇错误。if单独使用表示“如果”，even if表示“即使”，此处要表达的意思是“即使仅仅是一个点头，也会引发(对方)自动的问候回应”，所以此处应补上even。 知识模块：改错
39． 【M9】
正确答案：respond一response
解析：语法错误。这里应选用一个名词，与the initial搭配共同构成句子的主语，故用名词response替换动词respond。 知识模块：改错
40． 【M10】
正确答案：∧your一and
解析：语法错误。此处逗号前后是两个完整的句子，不能仅仅用逗号连接，应补上合适的连词。而前后两句之间是并列关系，所以补上连词and。 知识模块：改错
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