2019届高考英语(浙江专版)二轮复习与策略讲练：专题4 语法填空 重点1 动词的用法

重点1| 动词的用法

Ⅰ.动词的时态 自查自纠 1.World Book Day falls (fall) on April 23 every year. 2.During his middle 动作school years，he 句中中学时期指的一般过去时表示过去的事情、played day. 3.If you read as a 条件状语从句用一hobby，you will get 般现在时表将来，(get)better and better 主句的时态应为一at it. 4.Perhaps you have heard 般将来时。 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或状况。通常由“will/shall＋动词原形”构成。 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，也表示说话人原来没有料(play) 是过去，故用一般或状态；到、想到的事。 解题分析 语法讲解 由every year可知，一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的此处表示经常性的动作或状态；时间、条件状语从句动作，应用一般现中用一般现在时表示将来；还可表在时。 示按时间表等发生的动作。 football nearly every 过去时。 也可表示动作(hear) 表示“已经听说过但对现在仍有影响，countless times how 很多次了”应用现或状态持续到现在并有可能进行exercise is good for 在完成时。 your health. 下去。其构成为“have/has ＋过去分词”。 5.By the end of last 到上周末已经完成过去完成时表示某一动作或存在week，they had 了工作，表示“过的状态发生在过去某一时间或某。finished (finish) the 去的过去”应用过一动作之前，即“过去的过去”work. 去完成时。 其构成为“had ＋过去分词”。 6.By next Thursday，到下周四为止新学将来完成时表示将来某一时间之2

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they will have 校的建造已经完前将要完成的动作。其构成为成，应用将来完成“will have ＋ 过去分词”。 the 时。 completed (complete) new school. 7.I you am construction of the writing 要求对方把音量降turn 在写信，应用现在进行时。 当时他正在找房(write) a letter.Will 低，因为“我”正please down the radio？ 现在进行时表示说话时正在进行或现阶段正在进行的动作。其构成为“am/is/are＋现在分词”。 8.He was looking (look)for a house when he saw an advertisement in a newspaper one day. 9.Alice enjoying and her 子，突然在报纸上看到了一个广告。表示过去正在做某事应用过去进行时。 下月的此时他们正在度假，表示将来正在做某事应用将来进行时。 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。其构成为“was/were＋现在分词”。 classmates will be (enjoy) their holiday this time next month. 10.I article afternoon have all been the and writing (write) an 将来进行时表示将来某一时刻或阶段正在进行的动作或状态，其构成为“will be ＋ 现在分词”。 整个下午我一直在现在完成进行时表示从过去的某写文章，现在还未一时刻到现在一直进行的动作，其完成，应用现在完构成为“have/has been ＋现在分成进行时。 词”。 haven't finished yet. Ⅱ.动词的语态 自查自纠 解题分析 语法讲解 一般现在时的被动语态构成：am/is/are＋过去分词 1.It is certain that people's 此处表示的是一个事实，views on happiness are views与affect是动宾关affected (affect) greatly by 系，应用一般现在时的被their own life experience. 动时态。 2

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2.Stop talking at once; the latest news about the Olympic games is being broadcast (broadcast)． 3.Festivals have been and held since 根据前面的Stop talking at once可知，最新消息正在被播报，故用现在进行时的被动语态。 根据since ancient times可知，应用现在完成时，Festivals and celebrations与hold为被动关系，故应用现在完成时的被动语态。 根据in 2010可知用一般现在进行时的被动语态构成：am/is/are being＋过去分词 celebrations of all kinds (hold)everywhere ancient times. 现在完成时的被动语态的构成：have/has been ＋过去分词 4.A new law was passed (pass) in China in 2010 to ban driving after drinking. 5.The woman was walking about outside the operation room，because her son was being operated (operate) on. 6.We are confident that the environment will 过去时，新的法律应是被通过，故用一般过去时的被动语态。 这位妇女正在外面走动，因为她的儿子正在(被)动手术。此处应用过去进行时的被动语态。 一般过去时的被动语态的构成：was/were＋过去分词 过去进行时的被动语态的构成：was/were being ＋过去分词 be 我们相信环境将会被改一般将来时的被动语improved (improve) by our 善，故用一般将来时的被态的构成：will/shall further efforts to reduce 动语态。 pollution. 7.He said that a new road said为过去式，道路被修would be built (build) here 建是在said之后，故用过soon. 8.The problem had been solved (solve) before he 2

be ＋过去分词 过去将来时的被动语态的构成：去将来时的被动语态。 问题应是在came to help之前被解决，故用过去完would/should be ＋过去分词 过去完成时的被动语态的构成：had been 1

came to help. 成时的被动语态。 ＋过去分词 9.The plan should be put The plan与put之间为被情态动词的被动语态(put) into practice as soon 动关系，情态动词之后应的构成：情态动词＋as possible. Ⅲ.非谓语动词 (Ⅰ)非谓语动词作主语和宾语

自查自纠 1.It is an honor for me to be invited (invite) to the party. 解题分析 语法讲解 用被动语态。 be＋过去分词 It is ＋n./adj.＋to do sth.其动名词作主语表中it作形式主语，不定式示一般行为，不短语作真正的主语。 定式作主语表示具体行为；要特别注意it作形式主语时的一些固定句式。 2.It's no use complaining It is no use doing sth.为固(complain) action. without taking 定句式，意为“做某事是没有用处的”。 3．We agreed to meet (meet) agree后面需跟不定式作(1)有些词的后面here，but so far she hasn't 宾语，不能跟动名词作宾需跟不定式作宾turned up yet. 语。 语，不能跟动名4．I really enjoy chatting(chat) enjoy后面需跟动名词作词做宾语，例如with them; they are very 宾语，不能跟不定式作宾agree，decide等。 friendly. 语。 (2)有些词的后面5．I'm looking forward to 句中的to 为介词，一般介需跟动名词作宾meeting(meet) my old friends 词后需跟动名词作宾语。 语，不能跟不定again. 式作宾语，例如6．Don't forget to close (close) forget to do表示“忘了enjoy，finish等。 the door when you leave the 做……”，而forget doing (3)有些词后跟office. 表示“忘了已经做不定式与动名词过……”。 作宾语有明显的7．I still remember being taken remember doing 表示“记区别，例如(take) to the Famen Temple 得做过”，此处为被动式。 forget，remember，and what I saw. 2

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regret，mean等。 (Ⅱ)非谓语动词作定语、状语和补语 自查自纠 1.Happiness is a flower living (live) in the sunshine，and it is not difficult to reach for it. 2.Let's try together to create a world filled (fill) with smiling faces and sunshine. 解题分析 句中现在分词作定语，相当于定语从句that/which lives ...。 句中用过去分词作定语，fill与world为动宾关系。 语法讲解 现在分词作定语表示主动和进行，被动式用being done；过去分词作定语表示被动和完成；不根据tomorrow可知此处表示定式作定语表示3.The problem to be discussed (discuss) tomorrow is very important. 将来，问题应是被讨论，故用尚未发生的动作，表示被动时不定式的被动式。 用to be done。 4．Many highly-ranked people 来餐馆是为了享用美食，此处不定式可以作目often came to the restaurant to 不定式表示目的。 enjoy (enjoy) his cooking. 的状语、结果状语和原因状语；5．He suddenly appeared in 他来时带着太阳镜，此处用现除目的状语外，class one day，wearing (wear) 在分词作伴随状语。 sunglasses. 6．Compared(compare) with it与compare为动宾关系，应other forms of writing，it is 用过去分词作状语表示被动。 shorter and takes less time. 分词可以作其他所有状语，例如时间、原因、结果等。现在分词表主动、进行，过去分词表示被动、完成。 7．Because it was very cold，had ...doing表示“使……一(1)有些动词后需they had the fire burning (burn) 直……”，此处用现在分词作跟不定式作宾all the night. 宾补。 补，例如allow，8．When we saw the road the road与block为被动关系，advise等。(2)感blocked (block) with snow，we 故用过去分词作宾补。 官动词和使役动2

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decided to spend the holiday at home. 词后跟不带to的不定式作宾补，9．The photograph made me make为使役动词，后面需跟例如make，see，think (think) back to my school 不带to的不定式作宾补。 hear等。 days. 10．We are not allowed to go 句中含有sb.be allowed to do (go) into the library at this time sth.表示某人被允许做某事，of a day. 应用不定式作主补。 (3)非谓语动词作补语的区别：不定式表示全过程；现在分词表示正在进行；过去分词表示被动完成。 Ⅳ.虚拟语气 自查自纠 1.If I were (be) you，I would take action right away. 考查条件状语从句的应注意条件状语从句中虚拟语气，从句表现在用的虚拟语气，表示现在、解题分析 语法讲解 将来时从句与主句2.If he had listened 一般过去时(be用were)，过去、(listen) to me，he 表过去用过去完成时。 wouldn't be in trouble now. 3．She is a fantastic wish后面从句的谓语动应注意wish之后宾语从dancer.I wish I danced 词，表现在用一般过去时。 句表示现在、过去、将来(dance) as well as her. 时谓语动词的构成。 谓语动词的构成，要特别注意混合条件句。 4．The teacher advised advise之后的宾语从句，表示建议、要求等的动词that we should make 谓语动词用(should)＋动之后的宾语从句以及名good use of our time. 词原形。 词之后的表语从句、同位语从句中，谓语动词应用“(should)＋动词原形”。 5．They began to talk as if之后的状语从句用于as if之后的从句常用于2

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warmly as if they had 虚拟语气，表示过去用过虚拟语气，谓语动词表示known (know) each 去完成时。 other for a long time. 现在用一般过去时；表示过去用过去完成时。 6．It's time that you It's time (that) ...从句中谓It's time (that)．..之后从句went (go) home and I'd 语动词用一般过去时；的谓语动词常用一般过rather you came (come) would rather之后的从句去时；would rather之后again tomorrow. 中，表示现在和将来用一从句的谓语动词表示现般过去时。 在或将来用一般过去时，表示过去用过去完成时。 [语篇填空] 用所给动词的适当形式填空。

It was getting dark when I got (get) home.It was cold and I was wearing (wear) a coat.I put my hand into my pocket to take (take) out the key，but it wasn't found (not find)．I suddenly remembered that I had left (leave) it on my desk in the office.I knew my wife was (be) at home，so I knocked at the door.There was no answer.Having knocked (knock) at the door for some time，I got angry.Then I remembered being told/having been told (tell) that my wife would go (go) shopping in the afternoon with the children.How I wish I hadn't left (not leave) my key in the office.

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