冲击试验装置专利
Abstract of the disclosure
A pair of bow limbs are-positioned on either side of a track and a bow line attached to the outer ends of the limbs is attached to a carriage which rides on the track for carrying a test package. A source of power draws the bow line against the bias of the bow limbs and a quick release mechanism release the power source from the bow so that the carriage and package are propelled at high velocity toward an impact receiving surface. A stop halts movement of the carriage Short of the impact receiving surface and the package continues in free flight to impact the surface.
专利摘要
一对弓臂置于一个轨道的两侧，一根连接到弓臂外端的弓弦连接到轨道上的一个载体上，该载体用于装载试验包。一个动力源克服弓臂的偏置拉动弓弦，一个快速释放机构把弓上的动力源释放以使载体和试验包得到驱动高速撞向冲击接收表面。一个止动机构在离冲击接收表面不远的地方使载体停止运动同时试验包继续自由飞行撞击该表面。
Origin of the invention
The invention described herein was made in the performance of work under a NASA contract and is subject to the provisions of Section 305 of the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, Public Law 85-568 (72.Stat. 435; 42 USC 2457).
本发明的起源
本文描述的发明是执行NASA合同的结果，并且遵守公共法85-568(72.Stat. 435; 42 USC 2457)，1958年的国家航空航天法案的第305节的各项规定。
This invention relates to an impact testing device.
More particularly this invention relates to an impact testing device which is compact and yet has the capability of imparting large impact forces on packages that have been accelerated to high velocities. In many fields there is a need for impact test machines. In the field of aerospace engineering, interplanetary mission studies have shown that a need will exist for an impact test machine capable of simulating spacecraft planetary hard landings. When a spacecraft lands on a planet to perform subsequent experiments, it is necessary that the scientific
payload be capable of withstanding the impact environment. In particular, if the spacecraft impacts the surface with a relatively high velocity, the scientific payload must be isolated in some manner to insure successful mission performance. The design of the spacecraft structure and scientific experiments is very difficult and is advancing the state of the art. Therefore, it is necessary that tests be performed to collaborate analytical techniques and qualify designs. In performing these tests, the conditions of planetary hard landing (velocity, impact angle, planetary surface characteristics)
should be simulated as closely as possible.
本发明涉及一种冲击试验装置。
更特殊的是本发明涉及一种小巧然而却具有对已经被加到很高速度的试验包施加大冲击力的能力。在很多领域里都需要冲击试验机。在航空航天工程领域，星际航行研究表明对能够模拟航天器在行星上硬着陆的冲击试验机有需求。当航天器在行星上着陆进行后续实验时，有效科学载荷能经受住冲击环境就很有必要。特别是，如果航天器以较高的相对速度撞击行星表面，有效科学载荷必须以某种方式隔离以保证成功地执行任务。航天器结构和科学实验的设计非常困难并且正在推进当前的工艺水平。因此，所进行的试验与分析技术结合并且提高设计质量是有必要的。在这些试验进行过程中，行星硬着陆的条件（速度、撞击角度、行星表面特性等）必须模拟得尽可能接近。
Impact testing in prior art examples has failed to adequately fulfill the conditions of accurately simulating the impact of devices on the earth or other planetary bodies. One method in the past of testing impact on a package has been
to drop the package from a building or the like. However, the impact is limited by the height to which the object is taken prior to drop and also the maximum
terminal velocity an object can reach. Another method in the prior art by which impact can be transmitted to a device for measurment thereof is described in U.S. Patent No. 2,200,028 in which an inclined slide is used with a vehicle rolling thereon so that velocity is obtained and the impact can be measured at the bottom of the inclined slide. However, this device relies on gravity and of necessity occupies a great amount of space.
在现有技术中的冲击试验示例都没能充分实现准确模拟装置撞击地球或其它行星体的冲击的条件。过去对一个试验包的试验冲击的方法之一就是把该试验包从一座建筑物或类似物体上投下。然而，该冲击受到该试验件先前准备投放的高度和该试验件最终可能达到的最大速度的限制。现有技术的另一种方法可以用来把冲击传到试验件上，其测量在美国专利No. 2,200,028有所描述，其中使用一个斜面供一个小车在上面滚动，这样在斜面的底部所达到的速度和冲击就可以测得。然而，该装置依赖重力并且必须占用大量空间。
This invention obviates many of the problems encountered in the prior art examples by providing an impact testing device which occupies relatively little space while imparting high velocity to a package to be tested. Also, the test package is not overly constrained with respect to size. The device in its briefest aspects consists of a track along which the package to be tested is guided, with a pair of bow limbs on either side of the track to which is attached a bow line, A carriage in which the package is carried, is attached to the bow line. A source of power, such as an electrical winch, draws the bow line against the bias of the bow
limbs. A quick release mechanism, when actuated releases the power source from the bow line so that the carriage is propelled toward an impact receiving surface.
本发明提供了一种试验装置相对占用很小的空间同时对待试验包施以很高的速度，从而避免现有技术示例中遭遇的很多问题。试验包的大小也并没有受到过度约束。该装置用最简略的方面描述包括一个待试验包沿着移动的滑轨、一对置于滑轨两侧的连接弓弦的弓臂，一个承载试验包的连接到弓弦上的载体。一个动力源，如电动绞盘拉动弓弦反抗弓臂的偏转。一个快速释放机构，触发后可以将动力源与弓弦断开，这样载体就被驱动冲向冲击接收面。
The package is hurled at high velocity against the impact receiving surface. It is therefore an object of this invention to provide an improved impact testing device.
Another object of this invention is to provide an improved method of testing impact on packages or the like.
Other and more particular objects of this invention will become apparent as this description proceeds.
The drawing is a perspective view of the impact testing device according to this invention.
该试验包被以高速抛出撞向冲击接收面。因此本发明的目的之一就是提供一种改进的冲击试验装置。
本发明的另一个目的就是提供一种改进的对试验包等的试验的方法。
本发明的其它更特殊的目的会随着描述的进行显而易见。
草图是根据本发明绘制的冲击试验装置的透视图。
In the drawing, package 2 represents an object which is to be subjected to impact testing, and may consist of a scientific payload subsystem or an overall system on which it is desired to learn what effect impact has. A carriage 4 is guided along a guide track 6 and functions to hold the package 2, adapt it to the bow line 14 and 16, and to propel package 2 toward an impact receiving surface 8. This impact receiving surface can be varied by applying a variety of surfaces thereon to simulate any desired conditions. In addition, this surface may have varying shapes, and angle entries can be simulated by rotating surface 8 about pivot point 10. A damper or stop member 12 is provided close to the impact receiving surface 8 so that carriage 4 can be stopped to allow package 2 to be impacted against surface 8 in free flight without interference by carriage 4. Carriage 4 is releasably connected to bow line 14 and 16 each of which is attached at the other end thereof to bow members 18 and 20 respectively. These bow members can be comprised of a homogeneous, laminated, or sandwich construction to apply the bias to lines 14 and 16. Also, the bow limbs can be preloaded to yield a more efficient machine. It is preferable that in the unbiased position, bow members 18 and 20 are curved, with a constant radius of curvature, and when held back assume a straight position. The concave side of the unbiased bow limb faces generally forwardly toward the impact receiving surface. It is also preferable that the bow members 18 and 20
have a constant thickness and when in the straight position, the width vary as an isosceles triangle. That is, the outer free end of the limb forms the approximate apex of the triangle, the inner fixed end forms the base of the triangle, and the upper and lower edges of the limb form the equal sides of the triangle. These bow members are anchored in solid masses such as concrete pillars 22 and 24 as shown in the drawing. A bracing structure designated generally as 26 is utilized to help stabilize the pillars.
在草图中，试验包2代表接受冲击试验的试验件，可能载有科学有效载荷系统或用于获取冲击效果的数据的整个系统。载体4被限制在导轨6上滑动并且起到承载试验包2的作用，把它挂在弓弦14和16上就可以驱动试验包2冲击接收面8。该冲击接收面可以通过在其上面使用多种模拟任何希望的条件的表面而有多种变化。此外，该表面可以有多种形状和多种通过使表面8绕枢轴10转动可模拟的冲击角度。一个缓冲或停止件12安装到距冲击接收面很近的位置以使载体4能被停住让试验包不受载体4干扰自由地飞撞表面8。载体4可释放地连接到弓弦14和16上，弓弦的另一端分别连接到弓臂18和20上。这些弓臂件可以用均质的、层合板的或蜂窝结构施加对弓弦14和16的偏置。弓臂还可以预加一个载荷以成为一个更加有效的机构。更倾向于在非偏置状态弓臂件18和20有等曲率弯曲，并且在释放时恢复伸直位置。一般情况下弓臂凹陷一侧面对冲击接收面。还倾向于弓臂件18和20为等厚度并且在伸直状态，其宽度呈等边三角形变化。即弓臂外侧的自由端近似于该三角形的顶点，其内侧固定端构成该三角形的底边，该弓臂的上缘和下缘构成该三角形的两个等长的腰。这些弓臂件固定在固态块如图中所示的混凝土柱22和24上。支架如26一般要选用来增加这些柱的稳定性。
Carriage 4 has associated therewith a quick release mechanism such as illustrated generally as 28 and may comprise any conventional quick release
mechanism. For example, a quick release mechanism such as shown in U.S. Patent to Colby, No. 1,866,926 can be utilized. In any event the quick release mechanism forms no part of this invention. One end of cable or like device 30 is attached to the quick release mechanism, and the other end is connected with a winch or the like powered by any convenient motor source mounted within housing 32. Bow members 18 and 20 are attached to pillars 22 and 24 respectively in such a manner that they may be removed readily and different bow members substituted therefor. The surface of track or guide 6 can be coated with suitable substances to provide varying friction resistance. For ex- ample, these substances may comprise ice or Teflon or any other suitable material. In addition, guide or track member 6 can be elevated or lowered to accommodate different package sizes.
载体4上有一个快速释放机构一般如图中所示的28并且可以包括任何传统的开始释放机构。例如，授予Colby的美国专利No. 1,866,926 中所示的快速释放机构就可以使用。在任何情况下该快速释放机构都不构成本专利的一部分。线30或类似机构的一端连接到快速释放机构上，另一端连接到绞盘或类似的由安装在箱体32中的任何传统电机驱动的动力源上。弓臂件18和20分以可以拆卸和用其它不同的弓臂件替换的方式别固定在柱22和24上。滑轨或导轨6的表面可以涂适当的物质来提供不同的摩擦阻力。例如，这些物质包括冰或特氟龙或任何其它适当的材料。此外，导轨或滑轨6可以提高或降低以适应不同试验包的大小。
In operation,package 2 is placed in position on carriage 4 and the cable 30 winched to pull bow lines 14 and 16 against the bias of bow arms 18 and 20 toward housing 32. When a desired bias has been attained, the quick release mechanism 28 is activated to release cable 30 from carriage 4. The package and
carriage will then be hurled at high velocity toward impact receiving surface 8. As the carriage strikes damper or stop member 12, the carriage will be halted and the package 2 hurled against the surface 8. Thus, the package impacts against the impact receiving surface in free flight simulating real conditions.
Thus it can be seen that by this invention there has been provided a relatively simple, compact and efficient mechanism which is capable of imparting a high velocity and free flight to a test package within a relatively short distance, and which is capable of accommodating test packages of a variety of sizes.
Having described this invention, it is to be understood that it is to be limited only by the scope of the claim appended hereto.
在运行中，试验包2放置在载体4上，线30通过绞盘向箱体32方向拉动弓弦14和16反抗弓臂18和20的偏置力。当到达需要的偏置度时，快速释放机构28被触发放开连接载体4 的线30。该试验包和载体就被以高速抛向冲击接收面8。当载体撞到缓冲或停止件12时，载体将被止住，试验包2将被抛向表面8。因此，该试验包以自由飞状态撞击冲击接收面可以模拟真实条件。
因此，可见本发明提供了一种相对简单、小巧和有效的机构，能够对试验包施加高速度和使其在相对短的距离内自由飞，并且还能适应不同大小的试验包。
描述了发明后，就明确了仅仅是本专利附录的权利要求范围内有所限制。
What is claimed is:
1. A device for measuring impact stresses on a package which comprises:
an impact receiving surface;
a track adapted to direct a moving structure thereon toward said surface;
biasing means adapted to project a package toward said surface, said biasing means comprising two bow limbs located opposite each other on opposite sides of said track, a carriage movably mounted on said track, said carriage being adapted to hold and propel a package, a bow string attached to said carriage and said carriage and said bow limbs;
a power source adapted to draw said bow string, carriage and package against the bias of said bow limbs;
a quick release connecting said bow string and said whereby release of said quick release means will allow said carriage and said package to be accelerated toward said impact receiving surface along said track;
and
stop means to halt movement of said carriage short of said impact receiving surface.
权利要求：
1. 一种测量作用在试验包上的冲击应力的装置，包括：
一个冲击接收面；
采用的一个轨道引导上面的移动结构冲向所述表面；
采用的偏置装置把所述的试验包抛向所述表面，所述偏置装置包括两个位于所述轨道两侧互相对应的弓臂，一个安装在所述轨道上可移动的载体，所述载体被用于承载和驱动一个试验包，弓弦连接到所述载体和所述的弓臂上；
采用的一个动力源拉动所述的弓弦、载体和试验包反抗所述弓臂的偏置力；
一个连接所述弓弦的快速释放机构，用所述的快速释放机构将释放被沿着所述轨道加速撞向冲击接收面的所述的载体和所述的试验包；和
停止件用于在距所述冲击接收面不远处停止所述载体的运动。
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容