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宁波大学研究生第二学期英语答案

来源:爱go旅游网
08-09(A)

1 BCACB 2DBDAC3BCACB 翻译(英译汉)

美国地质勘探局于本周三发布报告称,目前北极圈内可开采石油储量预计为900 亿桶,可满足全球近三年的石油需求量。另外,据该政府机构介绍,北极圈内的天然气储量为 47 万亿立方米。

地质勘探局局长马克·梅尔斯说:“在我们就未来如何使用石油和天然气以及如何保护濒危物种、土著居民和地球健康等问题做出决定之前,要知道那里都有些什么。”“这一估测让全世界的人们都认识到了目前的形势,所以大家可以一起来做那些艰难的决定。”

非赢利组织“洁净空气观察”主席弗兰克·奥·多尼尔说,如今,北极圈内的极地熊和其它野生动物不仅因全球变暖正面临无处栖息的危险,还会因石油企业的疯狂开采而受到威胁。

北极圈内近900 亿桶的石油储量预计可满足全球近三年的需求,目前全球石油的日需求量为 8640 万桶。地质勘探局称,目前北极地区未探明的石油储量占全球储量的 30%,未探明的天然气储量占 30%,液态天然气占 20%。这是该机构首次发布有关北极圈内可用油气资源的勘测报告。

翻译(汉译英)

Half of the world’s population could face food shortages by the end of this century due to climate change, a new study warned, Thursday. According to researchers, there is a 90 percent probability that by 2100 the minimum temperatures in the tropics and subtropical regions will be higher than the maximum so far recorded in those areas. The effect on crop-growing in those regions world be dire, according to the projections based on direct observations and data culled from 23 computer models on the planet’s evolving climate patterns. “The stresses on global food production from temperature alone are going to be huge and that doesn’t take into account water supplies stressed by the higher temperatures”, said David Battista, a University of Washington atmospheric sciences professor. In the tropics, the warmest temperatures will cut maize and rice

harvests by 20 to 40 percent, the researchers said. The hotter weather will also reduce the moisture in the soil, cutting yields even further. Some three billion people, or half the world’s population currently live in tropical and sub-tropical regions, and their number is set to double by the end of the century. These regions stretch from northern India, southern China to much of Australia area all of Africa, and also extend from the southern United States to northern Argentina and southern Brazil.

09-10(A)

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瑞典一项研究发现,在工作中受到不公正待遇时忍气吞声的男性职员患心脏病或死于该疾病的几率比公开表达不满的人高五倍。

斯德哥尔摩大学压力研究所开展的此项研究对2755名男性职员进行了跟踪调查。这些职员在1992年至2003年间无心脏病史。

但在研究结束时,有47名受访者患上心脏病或死于该疾病。其中很多人在工作中受到不公正待遇时“忍气吞声”。

研究人员在报告中写道:“研究对年龄、社会经济因素、风险行为、工作压力和生理风险因素进行基线调整后发现,在工作中忍气吞声与继发性心肌梗塞以及心源性猝死的患病风险之间存在紧密联系。”

“忍气吞声”指的是尽管感觉自己受到了同事或老板的不公正待遇,但却“把事情闷在心里”或“径自走开”。

研究显示,在受到不公正待遇时经常选择这种处理方式的男性职员患心脏病的风险比敢于公开表达不满的人高二至五倍。

翻译(汉译英)(略去-同去年)

10-11(A)

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翻译(英译汉)

(1) 研究结果表明在农村的人大脑收缩基本上比城市的人要早。风险最小的依次是律师,大 学教授和医生。在政府机关从事日常工作的白领和农民,公交司机和店员大脑萎缩的可能性大。

(2) 计算机科学家继续开拓更复杂,质量更可靠,功能强大的计算机设计,来拓展计算机和 信息系统学科(领域),使计算机网络更有效地交换大量信息,并设法使计算机更智能。随着计算机日益成为现代社会不可分割的一部分,计算机科学家努力解决新问题,创造更好的方法解决实际问题。

(3) 噢哦,新的一年才刚刚开始,你就发现很难坚持“告别垃圾食品,远离沙发,戒烟”这 些信念决心了吧?我们很难改掉坏习惯是由于生物学的原因—这些坏习惯根植于我们的大脑中。这并不是让人们放弃新年决心的借口,了解不健康的习惯怎样变得根深蒂固可以启发科学家研究出一些好习惯代替坏习惯的“技巧”。“为什么坏习惯更加顽固?因 为它能带来即时的犒赏,而这种即时的犒赏力量很强大”诺拉沃尔科夫博士说,他是美国国家药物滥用研究所主任,同时也是大脑快乐通道方面的权威。“我们的这种天性决定了我们会更看重眼前的好处,而不是迟来的好处。”那么这一点快乐的感觉是如何转化为一种习惯呢?这与一种感知快乐的化学物质有关。它使大脑不断期望得到这种犒 赏,从而不断加强快乐感与这种行为之间的联系,特别是它能从周围环境中得到正确的暗示。

翻译(汉译英)(略去-同去年)

11-12(B)

1BACBB2BCBAC3CBCDD 翻译(英译汉)

(1)两个基本步骤导致人们发现了新知识。一个是以满足好奇心为目的,就是

所谓的纯科学。另一个是为了明确的目的而应用知识,比如改善健康状况、提高生活水平或创造出新的消费品。在这种情况下,知识就被用于经济目的。这样的步骤就是所谓的应用科学。

有时,实用主义者忽略了纯科学的目的,只想将纯科学直接用于取得经济回报上。为许多发现负责的化学家几乎无法预测:他们所发现的世界将来有一天会导致这样的实际特性的应用,正如那些直接与生死有关的实际特征。一点知识的发现会为另一种知识的发现提供机会。某些发现看似非常简单,以至于人们惊诧它们许多年以前竟然没有被发现。可是,人们应该不会忘记:显微镜的建造必须早于细胞的发现。许多献身于纯科学的科学家不必为忽视其发现的实用

性而内疚,根据经验,他们知道大多数知识最终都会得到运用。

(2)在现代,人们可以经常听到“科学”这个词,几乎每个人都了解它的意义。但是,对于许多人来说,它的定义又很难理解。该词的意思令人困惑,但是,每个人都应该明白它的意思和目的。正是为了使解释尽可能简单,假定科学被定义为“分类知识(事实)”。

即使是真正的科学,要把事实从抽象中区分出来也不总是那么容易。因此,要对区分信仰和真理予以极大的关注。只要在暂时的和已经得到证明的解释之间做出明确的区分,就不会有混淆的危险。比如,假设和理论都试图解释自然现象。基于这些学说,科学家继续进行实验和观察,直到假设和理论被证实或被怀疑,任何解释的精确程度都应该被标明清楚,以免混淆。

翻译(汉译英)

Culture gives human beings a sense of belonging, and passing on fine culture is essential in maintaining the everlasting vitality of a nation. We will provide a large quantity of high-quality cultural products to meet people's demand for culture. We will intensively promote development of the system of core socialist values. We will strengthen education with regard to social codes of conduct, professional ethics, family virtues, and individual integrity. We will educate children and young people about values and strive to create a social atmosphere that promotes morality, integrity, dedication, and harmony. We will vigorously promote nonprofit cultural services and strengthen cultural infrastructure in communities, particularly in rural areas and the central and western regions. We will promote the flourishing of philosophy and the social sciences, and actively develop the press, publishing, radio, film, television, literature, art, and archives. We will better protect our cultural heritage and foster the flourishing of ethnic minority cultures. We will deepen reform of the cultural system and continue to transform for-profit cultural institutions into enterprises. We will make the cultural industry larger, more intensive, and more specialized; and turn it into a pillar of the economy. We will intensify cultural and people-to-people exchanges with other countries so that we learn from each other's strengths. We will extensively carry out public fitness activities to make the people healthier, and promote the balanced development of sports activities and the sports industry. Chinese culture is highly cohesive and inspiring, and we Chinese today must shoulder the historic duty of advancing it.

12-13(A)

1ACBAD2BDCBA3BDCAD 翻译(英译汉)

一项小型行业调查显示,尽管面临失业威胁,国家陷入迄今最严重的经济衰退,

但70%的新加坡人还将继续维持在美容产品和服务方面的开支。

这项调查由“2009亚洲美容美发展览”的主办方发起。调查显示:有一半的受访者称他们每月至少要在美容产品上花费50新币(33美元);三分之一的人称他们将削减其它生活开支,但不会在美容上省钱。 展览组织者Gillian Loh在一份声明中说:“我认为我们从来都没有真正认识到美丽的外表对于新加坡人来说有多么重要。”

“对于大多数人来说,这是生活的必需品,而非奢侈品。”

在这个仅有460万人口的小国,购物被很多人视为一种消遣方式,在其市中心乌节路百货商场的化妆品柜台前,总是挤满了人。

这项调查的结果与经济学家常说的“口红效应”相一致,即当消费者为削减总体开支而只购买一些小奢侈品时,化妆品的销量会大幅上升。

尽管新加坡政府发出警告说今年国民经济可能会缩减5%,但约36%的受访者称他们将保持目前的生活水准。该调查于上月开展,仅对不到100名18岁以上的人进行了访问。

即使称要重新考虑美容开支的受访者也只是将从高档品牌转为普通品牌。

翻译(汉译英)

The pursuit of lasting happiness has long been a subject of interest for scientists and surveys alike.But what makes us really happy and what lasting benefits does happiness have?Well, earlier this month, scientists from the University of Illinois found the people who are happy and positive about life live longer.The researchers found \"clear and compelling evidence\" that happiness is key when it comes to better health and longer lifespans.Last month a British study, which tracked members of 40,000 households across the country, concluded that eating a family meal at least three times a week is the key to happiness because it helps build a strong bond between parents and their children.Research has also suggested that happiness begins at 50. A study found that stress, anger and worry fade after your 50th. Women were also reported to suffer greater stress, worry and sadness at all ages.

13-14(A)

1ABDDB2 BDCBA3DBBAB 选词填空section(A)

1study

4literature5tourism6dueto7that 9inter-disciplinary 10within

2contributions3however

8secondly

11aim 12where 13paper 14on 15significant

翻译(英译汉)

这项研究的目的是阐明,在基本的学习条件下,是否以及如何依赖第二语言影响对新知识的学习。用于调查这个问题的范例要求个人学习一系列的数字和特定的字母表之间的联系。参与者是两组大学生:(1)母语是希伯来语的个体,用正字法写下希伯来语(L1组),和(2)同样是让希伯来语,这些个体同时写和说,希伯来语对于他们来说是第二语言(L2组)。在两个条件下收集数据。与语言相关的条件下(LDC),所需的范例要求八个数字和八个相似的希伯来语的字母字符串之间的学习联系。在语言独立的条件下(LIC),需要八个数字和在希伯来字母中8个随机字符串之间的学习联系。结果表明,学习者被迫在第二语言学习新信息可能处于弱势。这个劣势表明,在一个非常基本的学习水平,L2学习者对于新信息需要超量学习才能达到熟练的效果。

翻译(汉译英)

Now, we are witnessing a historic change, although the change is relatively in its infancy, but it will eventually change the world. In terms of economy, developing countries are rapidly rocked more than 100 years in western developed countries the United States, Canada, Western Europe, Australia, New Zealand and Japan's dominance. In 1973, developed countries accounted for about 60% of global GDP, in 2001, the proportion was reduced to 50%. , of course, the most advanced countries, even developing countries to get equal with the developed country mature economic and technical strength, also need a long time, but because they have most of the population in the world, and their economic growth significantly higher than that of developed countries, so the rise of the developing countries, has led to a shift in the global economic gravity.

14-15(A)

1 DAADC 2CACBC3DBBAB 选词填空

1suchas2predictions3model 4predict 5these 6collapse 7objective 8including 9as 10state-maintained 11useful 12analyzed 13starts with 14presented 15results

翻译(英译汉)

(1) 之前对信息量的研究强调信息量的社会影响对做出选择的重要性。当人

们在网上利用别人对产品的评估来指示产品质量时,网络的从众行为(羊群心理)就发生了。这项工作通过四项研究来解释网上书籍购买时的从众行为。前俩项研究强调俩个线索在网上经常是怎么发生的,也就是说,星级和销售量会影响顾客网购的选择。后俩项研究调查了不同推荐资源对网购的相对影响。实验结果表明,利用产品评估的东西和别人的选择是促成人们在网上进行书籍购买决定的俩条线索。此外,来自于其他顾客的推荐也对物品选择发挥了一个更大的影响,而这一推荐往往比来自于专家的推荐更重要。最后,来自于推荐系统的推荐也比来自于网站所有者的推荐对网购的选择更加重要。这项研究的结果和影响已经被讨论证明了。

(2) 1.清洁能源、或绿色能源,是指这些不会造成污染的能源。由于核能几

乎不产生任何污染,因此一些专家也把核能列为一种情结能源。

2.总之,我们热衷于单独分析这些在不同的心理学学术水平的大学生之间的关系, 包括基本的,中等的和快毕业的学生。

3.这项研究的主旨是针对腐败以及在高等教育中非学业性的特性。

4.世界上有一半人讲双语,他们经常使用水平各异的俩种或俩种以上的语言。鉴于此,语言处理的研究也应涵盖双语处理的研究。但是,目前大部分研究都集中于词汇处理,而很少关注双语句法处理。

5.从应用的视角看,上述研究表明,由于视觉化会对学习所需的心理模型结构造成影响,因此,在创设学习环境时应认真考虑选取视觉化形式。

翻译(汉译英)

Secondly,social capital helps heighten urban residents’ trust in the governent .In this research,we examined three major factors,community

Participation ,social trust and public service participation in the social capital.The regressive analysis showed that social trust and public service participation positively influenced the citizens’ trust in the governmental institutions while trade organizations negatively affecting the trust,and that both the universalist acquaintance trust and the particularist relativestrust had positive effects on enhancing the trust in the government .It waswell-noted that the public service participation produced the most significant effects on the trust in the government.

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