英语8上外研版全册综合：词语链接解析(m4—6).

Module 4 Education

一．词语链接：

1. health – healthy – healthily ;luck - lucky - luckily ;care – careful - carefully n.-adj.-adv.

2. ill adj.-illness n. 3. describe –description; pay – payment; train - training; organize /

organise –organization / organisation v.-n. 4. electricity n.- electrical adj. 5. poor–rich, same-different,

fair-unfair,

important-unimportant(

反

义

);

importantadj.-importance n. 6. study与learn

learn 常指学习基础知识或技能；当表示学习某人的品质或精神时，只能用learn。

study常指进行书本或某一系统内容的学习与研究；在问学习还是工作时，只能用study。

I find it difficult to learn to play the piano. (learn后面可接不定式作宾语) What subjet are you studying? (study后面不能接不定式) 7. nearly与almost （两者一般情况下可以互换使用）

almost可用于表示否定意义的不定代词(no, no one, none, nothing等)之前。 Almost no one passed the exam.

nearly不可用于表示否定意义的不定代词之前。 Nearly everyone takes part in the activity.

almost不能与not 连用，但可与no, none, nobody, nothing, never等否定词连用。

She ate almost nothing.

为了避免意思含糊不清或者不合乎逻辑，almost常紧跟在它所修饰的词前；修饰动词时一般置于主要动词之前，但要放在系动词或助动词之后。不能置

于句末。

nearly 和 almost 的区别

1）almost 和 nearly 既有相同处，也有不同点。在单纯表示\"时间、程度、 进度\"时， almost=nearly

例： The building is almost completed. The building is nearly completed. 第一句比第二句更接近于完成。 2）在具体数字前面常用nearly

例： The river is nearly 100 metres wide. The old man is nearly 80 years old. 3）almost 可与no, nothing, none, never等连用，此时不能用 nearly 代替。 例： Almost no one believed him. There's almost none left.

What he said was almost nothing worth listening to.

4) almost不可被not修饰，如不说not almost或almost not。表示“几乎不”，

可以用 hardly。 例：He co8. drop与fall

drop vt. ＆vi. (使)掉落；下落

A woman dropped her wallet on the ground. (vt.) The price of sugar will drop soon. (vi.)

fall vi. =drop The snow fell / dropped everywhere. 9. raise与 rise

raise vt. 升起；举起 We raise the national flag every Monday morning. rise vi. 升起；上涨 The water in the river rose more quickly after the heavy rain. 10. ill与sick

两者都是形容词。ill和sick都可作表语，可互换使用。但ill一般不作定语。 The boy was ill / sick. (表语) He is a sick man. (定语，不能用ill) 11. maybe, perhaps与probably 都表“可能”。

maybe更口语化，可位于句首、句中或句尾。perhaps表示有疑问，不肯定，带有主观猜测的意味。probably 相当于most likely(很可能)，指根据所掌握的证据或从逻辑推理来说似乎是合理的。即“可能性”的从小到大的排序为maybe ＜perhaps ＜probably.

Maybe he is a teacher. = He may be a teacher. He has gone to England, maybe. Perhaps he has gone to Beijing.

He probably stays at the corner of the room. 12. pay, spend, cost与take (参考三模块)

13. teach – taught - taught, pay – paid - paid, drop - dropped - dropped (dropping)

Module 5 Western music 一．词语链接：

1. classical – modern;beautiful - ugly; lively - serious; sad – happy; slow –

fast/quick;

noisy - quiet; loud - low; part-time – full-time(反义词)2. beauty - beautiful–beautifully;

tradiction –tradictional - traditionally; noise – noisy – noisily;drama - dramatic -drama-

tically

n.-adj.-adv. 3. fun –funny; centre – central; Europe - European; Austria -

Austrian n.-adj.4. live n. –lively adj.5. serious – seriously;slow – slowly; sure - surly;

loud - loudly adj.-adv. 6.compose - composer v.-n. 7.German – Germans (复) -Germany

(国家) 8. die v. – dead adj. – death n. 9. actually = in fact 10. older与elder

old- older- oldest 常用来表物品新旧程度或人的长幼比较，可作定语或表语。

The man looks much older than he used to be. (表语) The oldest person is walking slowly to the park. (定语)

The older of the two men is my eldest brother. (用于of结构，起名词作

用)

old – elder - eldest 常用来表有血缘关系的同宗血亲的长幼关系，常用作定语。

一般不用于than引导的比较状语从句中。

My eldest brother works as an engineer in the factory. (我大哥在工厂当工程

师)

Which is the elder of the two sisters? (用于of结构，起名词作

用)

11. type, kind 与sort 三者有时可以互换使用

type 表示较具体的分类，表示物品有较明确的相似性，语气比kind/sort肯

定而正式(表示“典型/样式/标本”等时，只用type)

kind/sort 表较抽象、笼统、模糊、不确定的分类。 I’ve met with all kinds of people and all kinds of things. What kind / type of man is he?

What type of plant is this? They have developed a new type of machine. Hammer (锤子)is a sort of tool (工具). 12. own的用法

①own adj.“自己的”，常用于名词所有格或形容词性物主代词后面，起强调作

用。

This is his father’s own bike. It’s my own English book. of one’s own “(属于)某人自己的”

He showed us a photo of his own (可单用于句尾). on one’s own = by oneself /alone“独自；靠某人自己” Can you finish the work on your own? ②own v.“拥有”(=have)

I own a new bike. = The new bike belong to me. / I have got a new bike.

13. aloud, loud 和 loudly

aloud , loud二者作为副词，都有“大声地”、“响亮”的意思，有时可以通用。但aloud与read，think连用时，表示“出声”，而loud用于talk，speak，shout，laugh等动词之后，在口语中代替loudly ①

aloud 强调发出的声音能被听见，意思为“出声地”或“大声地”，常用 read , call 等动词连用。

例： Please read the text aloud. 请朗读一下课文。 ②

loud 意为“响亮地”、“大声”或“高声地”，侧重发出的音量大，传得远，一般多用来修饰 speak, talk，

laugh 等动词。 loud 还可用作形容词。

例： Speak louder, please, or no one will hear you. 请大声些，否则没人能听见。 ③

loudly 意为“响亮地”，其基本意义与 loud 相同，还常与 ring, knock 等动词连用。loudly 放在动词前后均可，含有“喧闹”或“嘈杂”的意味。

例： Suddenly the bell on the wall rang loudly. 突然，墙上的铃大声地响起来。 aloud, loudly只能用作副词；loud既可作副词，也可用作形容词。当副词用时，loudly与loud一样用来说明声音的强度，意思是\"高声地，喧噪地\"，只是在动词后面loud比loudly更常用些。他们的反义是：quietly。

例：Don't talk so loud (loudly)，you'll wake the whole street. 别那么大声说话，你快把左邻右舍吵醒了。

Someone knocked loudly (loud) at the door. 有人在大声敲门。

注：而aloud往往与动词read和think连用，表示真的把话说出，而不是在脑子里默默地\"说\"。

She has a very good pronunciation when she reads aloud. 她朗读时，发音很好。

14. even, much, far, a lot, alittle, a bit 用在比较级前面，起到强调作用。

Module 6 A famous story

一．词语链接：

1. sudden adj. - suddenly adv. 2. strange adj. - stranger n. 3. tired(人)与tiring(事

物)

4. outside-inside 5. cheer v. & n.-cheerful adj.-cheerfully adv. 6. perform v.-performance n.

7. gold n.- golden adj. 8. follow (= run after) v. - following adj. 9. once = one time 10. hole

-whole (同音) 11. clap与stop (词形变化须双写)12. fall– fell- fallen, wear – wore – worn

13. cross, across与through

cross “通/穿过”，动词 (=go/walk across) Be careful when you cross the road.

across “横/穿过”，介词 指从一边到另一边，强调动作在物体表面横过、跨过

Can you swim across the river? He went to the shop across the road. They have built the great green wall across the northern part of our country. through “穿/透过”，介词，表示从事物的中间/内部穿过 The little girl is afraid to walk through the forest alone. 14. by 与 near （两者有时可互换）

by 指空间距离近(=next to/beside)，近于near。 near 指时间或距离不远(=not far from)。 They live near / by the river. 15. bring, take, fetch 与carry

bring “拿/取来”，表由远到近的动作(←)；take “带/拿走”，表由近到远的动作(→)。

Why not bring him here? Take the umbrella with you, for it’s going to rain. fetch “去接/拿/取；来接/拿/取”，表动作的往返过程(→;←)。 Please fetch me some water. (= Please fetch some water for me.) carry “携带/搬运”，不说明固定的方向。 The monkey carried her baby on the back. 16. put on, wear, have on, (be) in, dress的区别

put on“穿上”，表“动作”，反义词组take off; wear，have on“穿/戴着”，表“状态”。 上述四者都接衣物作宾语。

例：Please put on your coat, it’s too cold today. He’s wearing his new clothes. He has a green shirt on today.

in 通常用于(be) in + 颜色词/有修饰成分的衣物的结构中，表示穿着的特

征。

例：The girl in red is my younger sister. The boy is in a new jacket today. dress “给------穿衣服”，表“动作”，后面接“人”作宾语。 例：The little boy is too young to dress himself now.

dress up “乔装打扮/穿上盛装” get/be dressed (adj.) “穿戴好” 例：The old man dressed up in a strange coat.

Have you already got dressed well? The woman has got dressed in a new suit. 17. fall 与drop

drop vt./vi. 表有意或无意的\"掉下\"某一物体或故意\"跌倒\"时，用drop。 Bad luck! He dropped the stick!

He was so tired that he dropped himself into the chair. drop与fall都可用作不及物动词，表示\"掉下\"，\"落下\"。 The teapot dropped out of her hand.

The book fell (= drop) from the table to the floor. 18. staff 单数形式表达复数意义。 例：What were the staff wearing?