2018年高考英语北京卷

(满分120分，考试时间100分钟)

第一部分：知识运用(共两节，45分）

第一节单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分,共15分)

1.—Hi,I'mPeter.Areyounewhere?Ihaven'tseenyouaround？—Hello,Peter.I'mBob.Ijust________onMonday.A.starthadstarted

2.__________wedon'tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone.A.AlthoughUntil

3.__________alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperienceA.Travel

B.Traveling

C.Havingtraveled

D.Traveled

4.Susanhadquitherwell-paidjoband________asavolunteerintheneighborhood.WhenIvisitedherlastyearA.isworkingA.which

B.wasworkingB.who

C.hasworkedC.as

D.hadworkedD.that

5.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,__________helpsthemkeepfit

6.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogether__________ameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.A.sharefewyears.A.aregrowing

B.havegrown

C.willgrow

D.hadgrown

8.Inanyunsafesituation,simply________thebuttonandahighly-trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.A.press

B.topress

第1页B.havestartedC.startedD.

B.WhileC.IfD.

B.toshareC.havingsharedD.shared

7.China'shigh-speedrailways__________from9,000to25,000kilometersinthepast

C.pressingD.pressed

9.Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho__________inthemountains

fortwodays.A.aretrappingC.weretrappingA.usedA.howcompany.A.needA.drove

B.shouldB.woulddrive

C.canC.weretodrive

D.mustD.haddriven

13.Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey__________afewmorekilometers.14.—Goodmorning,Mr.Lee'soffice.

—Goodmorning.I'dliketomakeanappointment__________nextWednesdayafternoon.A.forthebest.A.how

B.which

C.the

D.whatⅡ.

B.on

C.in

D.at

15.Thisis__________myfatherhastaughtme-toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopefor

B.touseB.when

B.havebeentrapped

D.hadbeentrappedC.usingC.where

D.useD.why

10.Ordinarysoap,__________correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.11.Withouthissupport,wewouldn'tbe__________wearenow.

12.Intoday'sinformationage,thelossofdata__________causeseriousproblemsfora

第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

TheHomelessHero

Formany，findinganunattendedwalletfilledwith£400incashwouldbeasource(来源)oftemptation(诱惑）.ButthehomelessTomSmith

Afterspottinga

1718moreremarkable.

onthefrontseatinsideaparkedcarwithitswindow

19toreturn.

20insideandpulledthewalletouthoping

2122itcontained£400anotebehindtolet

16wouldnodoubtbegreaterifyou

werelivingonthestreetswithlittlefoodandmoney.Allofthismakestheactionsofthe

down，hestoodguardintherainforabouttwohourswaitingforthe

Afterhoursinthecoldandwet,he

tofindsomeIDsohecouldcontact(联系）thedriver,onlytoinnotes，withanother£50insparechangebesideit.

Hethentookthewallettoanearbypolicestationafter

第2页徐老师theownerknowitwassafe.Whenthecar’sownerJohnAndersonandhiscolleagueCarolLawrencereturnedtothecar-whichwasitselfworth£35,000—inGlasgowcitycenter,theywere

23tofindtwopolicemenstandingnexttoit.Thepolicementold

24.25.

themwhatMr.Smithdidandthatthewalletwas

ThepairwerelaterabletothankMr.Smithforhisissleepingonthestreetstonighthethoughtaboutothersoutthere.\"

Mr.smith’sact

302826Mr.Andersonsaid：\"Icouldn’tbelievethattheguynevertookapenny.Tothinkhe

hecouldhavestolenthemoneyandpaidfor27hedidn’ttakethewalletforhimself；

29guys

aplacetostayin.Thisguyhasnothingand

it’sunbelievable.Itjustprovesthereare

muchofthepublic’sattention.Healsowonpraisefrom

31abouttheactofkindnessonFacebook.

32moneyforMr.Smith

socialmediausersafterMr.Anderson

NowMr.Andersonhassetupanonlinecampaigntothinkthefaiththateveryonehasshowncommented.

ForMr.Smith,thisisapossiblelife-changingusthatonegoodturndeservesanother.16.A.hope17.A.still18.A.wallet19.A.partner20.A.turned21.A.discover22.A.taking23.A.satisfied24.A.safe25.A.service26.A.when27.A.rather28.A.too29.A.honest30.A.gave

B.aimB.evenB.bag

B.colleagueB.hidB.collectB.leaving

B.excitedB.missing

B.supportB.ifB.yet

B.thoughB.politeB.paid

第3页andotherhomelesspeopleinthearea,whichbyyesterdayhadreceived￡8,000.\"I

33himhastouchedhim.Peoplehavebeen3435andallsorts,\"Mr.Anderson,Thestoryonceagaintells

D.effortD.onceD.parcel

D.policeman

D.reached

D.believeD.writing

D.shockedD.seen

D.encouragement

D.because

D.just

D.insteadD.generousD.drew

approachinghiminthestreet;he’shaIjob

C.urgeC.everC.box

C.ownerC.stepped

C.checkC.reading

C.amusedC.found

C.kindnessC.whereC.already

C.againC.richC.cast

31.A.learned32.A.borrow33.A.of34.A.details35.A.lesson

B.postedB.raiseB.atB.changesB.adventure

C.caredC.save

C.forC.offersC.chance

D.heardD.earn

D.inD.applicationsD.challenge

第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,40分)

第一节(共15小题:每小题2分,共30分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

MyFirstMarathon(马拉松)

Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.

Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn’tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas\"notathletic\".

TheideathatIwas\"notathletic\"stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s，Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!

Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn’tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.

Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces(鞋带)becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted！

Atmile3,Ipassedasign:\"GOFORIT,RUNNERS!\"

Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.

Bymile21,Iwasstarving！

AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.

第4页徐老师Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.

Determinedtobemyself,,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签)，Icannowcallmyselfa\"marathonwinner\".36.Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor__________.A.waswelltrainedC.madeuphismindtorun

A.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.D.Toshareapreciousmemory.38.Howwastheauthor’sfirstmarathon?A.Hemadeit.C.Hegotthefirstprize.

39.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?

A.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.B.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.

B

FindYourAdventureattheSpaceandAviation(航空)Center

Ifyou’relookingforauniqueadventure,theSpaceandAviationCenter(SAC)istheplacetobe.TheCenteroffersprogramsdesignedtochallengeandinspirewithhands-ontasksandlotsoffun.

Morethan750,000havegraduatedfromSAC,withmanyseekingemploymentinengineering,aviation,education,medicineandawidevarietyofotherprofessions.Theycometocamp,wantingtoknowwhatitisliketobeanastronautorapilot,andtheyleavewithreal-worldapplicationsforwhatthey’restudyingintheclassroom.

Forthetrainees，theprogramsalsoofferagreatwaytoearnmeritbadges(荣誉徽章).AtSpaceCamp,traineescanearntheirSpaceExplorationbadgeastheybuildandfiremodelrockets,learnaboutspacetasksandtrysimulated(模拟)flyingtospacewiththecrewfromallovertheworld.TheAviationChallengeprogramgivestraineesthe

第5页B.feltscaredD.Losthope

37.WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?

B.Hequithalfway.D.Hewalkedtotheend.

chancetoearntheirAviationbadge.Theylearntheprinciplesofflightandtesttheiroperatingskillsinthecockpit(驾驶舱)ofavarietyofflightsimulators.TraineesalsogetagoodstartontheirWildernessSurvivalbadgeastheylearnaboutwater-andland-survivalthroughdesignedtasksandtheirsearchandrescueof\"downed\"pilot.

Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearntheimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask.

Allthisfunisavailableforages9to18.Familiescanenjoytheexperiencetogether,too,withFamilyCampprogramsforfamilieswithchildrenasyoungas7.

Stayanhourorstayaweek--thereissomethinghereforeveryone!Formoredetails，pleasevisitusonlineatwww.oursac.com.40.WhydopeoplecometoSAC?A.Toexperienceadventures.C.Togetadegreeinengineering.A.flytospace.

C.studytheprinciplesofflight.42.Whatisthemostimportantfortrainees?A.Leadership.C.Taskplanning.

C

Plastic-EatingWorms

Humansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋场)，andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.

ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatwormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethylene

shoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms’chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊状物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass--apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms’stomachs.Their

第6页B.Tolookforjobsinaviation.D.Tolearnmoreaboutmedicine.B.getanAviationbadgefirst.D.buildandfiremodelrockets.B.Teamspirit.D.Survivalskills.

41.ToearnaSpaceExplorationbadge,atraineeneedsto______________.

theteam

徐老师findingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms’abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood-beeswax--alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic\"Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,istherearewell,\"sheexplains.\"Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.\"

JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(肠道微生物)?

Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess-notsimply\"millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.\"43.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.C.Theycanconsumeplastics.D.Theywindupinlandfills.

44.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto_________.A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdownB.findoutthesourceoftheenzymeC.confirmtheresearchfindingsD.increasethebreakdownspeed

45.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight_________.A.helptoraisewormsB.helpmakeplasticbagsC.beusedtocleantheoceansD.beproducedinfactoriesinfuture46.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.

第7页D

PreparingCitiesforRobotCars

Thepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist’sdream,yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilforcompaniestotesttrulyself-drivingcarsonpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthewayforcompaniestosellorrentoutself-drivingcars,andforcompaniestooperatedriverlesstaxiservices.California,itshouldbenoted,isn’tleadingthewayhere.Companieshavebeentestingtheirvehiclesincitiesacrossthecountry.It’shardtopredictwhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.

Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars(andrightfullyso),policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions(排放)andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesurethatthosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.

Dowewanttocopy-orevenworsen-thetrafficoftodaywithdriverlesscars?Imagineafuturewheremostadultsownindividualself-drivingvehicles.Theytoleratelong,slowjourneystoandfromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycanwork,entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheirdriverlesscartoanappointmentandsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuildingtoavoidpayingforparking.Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendtheself-drivingminibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopletotakepublictransport---anunwelcomesideeffectresearchershavealreadyfoundinride-hailing(叫车)services.

AstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol-poweredprivatecarsworldwidewithelectric,self-drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftransportationinfrastructure(基础设施)andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyride-hailingservices,consideringthecostofself-drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues(责任与维护问题).Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebecome

第8页徐老师comfortablewiththetechnology.Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn’textendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.

47.Accordingtotheauthor，attentionshouldbepaidtohowdriverlesscarscan________.

A.helpdealwithtransportation-relatedproblemsB.providebetterservicestocustomersC.causedamagetoourenvironmentD.makesomepeoplelosejobs

48.Asfordriverlesscars，whatistheauthor’smajorconcern？A.Safety.C.Affordability.A.Employed.C.Shared.A.Doubtful.C.Disapproving.

B.Sideeffects.D.Management.B.Replaced.

D.Reduced.B.Positive.D.Sympathetic

49.Whatdoestheunderlinedword\"fielded\"inParagraph4probablymean？

50.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothefutureofself-drivingcars？

第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

WhyDoWeGetAngry？

Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit，butthecausesofangerarevarious.Knowingthesecausescanmakeusexamineourbehavior，andcorrectbadhabits.Themainreasonswegetangryaretriggering(触发）events，personalitytraits(特征），andourassessmentofsituations.

51.

Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythattodescribethemallwouldtakehundredsofpages.However,herearesomeexamples:beingcutoffintraffic,adeadlineapproaching,experiencingphysicalpain,andmuchmore.

52Thereasonwhy

someoneistriggeredbysomethingandothersarenotisoftenduetoone’spersonal

第9页historyandpsychologicaltraits.

Eachperson.nomatterwhotheyare,haspsychologicalimbalances.Peoplewhohavepersonalitytraitsthatconnectwithcompetitivenessandlowupsettolerancearemuchmorelikelytogetangry.occurred.

createanger.

55However,angercaneasilyturnviolent,anditisbesttoknowthereasons

forangertoappearinordertopreventitspresence.Withthesemainreasonsinmind,wecanevaluateourlevelofangerthroughoutthedayandpreventcasesofoutburstsbycomprehendingthereasonsforourfeelings.

A.Ourattitudeandviewpointonsituationscancreateangerwithinusaswell.B.Butsometypesofsituationscanhelpustogetridoftheoccurrenceofanger.C.Angerisrarelylookeduponasabeneficialcharactertrait,andisusuallyadvisedtoreduceit.

D.Angerisaparticularlystrongfeelingandmaybepeoplethinkthattheyhavereasonstofeelangry.

E.Havingthesepersonalitytraitsimpliesthepre-angerstate,whereangerisinthebackgroundofyourmind.

F.Understandingthesereasonswillcontrolourownangerifwearewillingtoevaluateourselveswithacriticaleye.

G.Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponsetoevents,andthatiswhywhattriggersonepersonmayormaynottriggeranother.

Sometimesevenroutineoccurrencesbecomesourcesofpre-anger,or

angeritself.Sometimesignoranceandnegative(消极的)outlooksonsituationscan

53Also,sometimespre-angerdoesnothavetodo

withalastingcondition,butratheratemporarystatebeforeatriggeringeventhas

第三部分:书面表达(共两节,35分)

第一节(15分)

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华,你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣,计划明年来北京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件,内容包括:

1.表示欢迎；2.推荐他上哪所大学;3.建议他做哪些准备工作。

第10页徐老师注意:1.词数不少于50；

2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。

DearJim，

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

YoursLiHua

第二节(20分)

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华,请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序,写一篇英文周记,记述你们上周接待外国学生,带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程。

注意:词数不少于60。

第11页