语法归纳精讲三：代词及其指代一致

1.that的指代作⽤that指代不可数名词和单数可数名词（如是复数，⽤those），后⾯通常跟有修饰语，如出现在⽐较结构中的that of.如Conversation calls for a willingness to alternate the role of speaker with that of listener， and it calls for occasional“digestive pauses” by both.这⾥that指代前⾯的the role. No bread eaten by men is so sweet as that earned by his own labor.2.one的指代作⽤one指代带不定冠词的单数可数名词，复数为ones.the one指代带定冠词的单数可数名词。如：A good writer is who can express the commonplace in an uncommon way.[A] that [B]he [C]one [D]this答案为[C]

3.do的替代作⽤。do代替动词，注意数和时态的变化。如：For him to be re-elected， what is essential is not that his policyworks ， but that the public believe that it does.

⼆。代词指代⼀致问题代词指代⼀致是指指代的名词在性、数、格上是否⼀致，或者所照应的名词词组在某些⽅⾯保持⼀致。Each cigarette a person smokes does some harm， and eventually he may get a serious disease form its effect.这⾥he指代前⾯的person. It was during the 1920’s that the friendship between the two American writers Hemingway and Fitzgeraldreached its highest point.这⾥its指代前⾯的两⼈的friendship. Our department was monitored by two supervisors， Bill andme.这⾥me必须⽤宾格形式。

代词指代⼀致必须注意以下⼏个原则和规律：

1.邻近和靠近原则由either … or， neither…nor， not only…but （also）连接先⾏词时候，如果两个先⾏词在数和性上保持⼀致，就⽤其相应的⼀直的⼈称代词；如果两个先⾏词在数或性上不⼀致，⼈称代词⼀般与邻近的先⾏词在数和性上保持⼀致。Neither Mary nor Alice has her key with her. Neither the package nor the letters have reached their destination If either Davidor Janet comes ， he or she will want a drink

2.当each， everyone， everybody， no one ，none ，anybody， someone， somebody⽤作主语或主语的限定词时候，或者anything， nothing， something everything等不定代词作主语时候，其相应的代词⼀般按照语法⼀致原则，采取单数形式。如：Everybody talked at the top of his voice. None of the boys can do it ， can he？Everything is ready， isnt’ it ？

3.当主语为复数形式，后跟each作同位语时，如果each位于动词之前，其后的代词或相应的限定词⽤复数形式；如果 each位于动词之后，其后的代词或相应的限定词⽤单数形式。如：They each have two coats we are each responsible for his ownfamily 4.由and连接两个先⾏词，代词⽤复数如：the tourist and businessmen lost their luggage in the accident.