Part 1 Warming up
Ⅰ. Vocabulary and background knowledge for this part:
1. constellation: [kɒnstə'leiʃən] a configuration of stars as seen from the earth星座 2. Taurus: ['tɔ:rəs] 金牛座 3. Virgo: ['vɜ:ɡəʊ] 处女座
4. Capricorn: ['kæprikɔ:n] 摩羯座 5. Pisces: ['paisi:z] 双鱼座
6. Aquarius: [ə'kweəriəs] 水瓶座 7. Leo: ['li:əʊ] 狮子座 8. Cancer: 巨蟹座
9. Aries: ['eri:z] 白羊座
10. Gemini: ['dʒeminai] 双子座 11. Sagittarius: [sædʒi'teriəs] 射手座 12. centaur: ['sentɔ:(r)]人马座 13. Scorpio: ['skɔ:piəʊ] 天蝎座 14. Libra: ['li:brə] 天秤座
15. raise the roof : to complain loudly and bitterly; get very angry喧闹(吵翻天，大声抱怨)
eg. Father will raise the roof when he hears what you have done. 父亲要是知道你所做的事一定会大发雷霆。
16. identification: sth which is proof or a sign of identity身份证明; the feeling that one shares the ideas, feelings, problems, etc. of another person认同
17. survey: ['sə:vei] a detailed critical inspection；short descriptive summary (of events) 调查(收入,民意等)
Ⅱ. Key to this part:
Section A: 1-h 2-d 3-j 4-k 5-b 6-i 7-g 8-e 9-l 10-f 11-c 12-a
Section B: aggressive-very\\selfish-not very \\kind-extremely \\patient-sort of \\ jealous-very
Extremely Very Sort of Not very Not at all
Aggressive Selfish Kind Patient Jealous
√ √ √ √ √
Section C; George-ambitious, proud Karen-helpful, honest Pam-selfish, unreliable
Ambitious Helpful Honest Proud Selfish Unreliable
Aggressive Selfish Kind
√
√ √ √ √ √
III. Tapescript for this part: Section A:
1. TAURUS: April 21 — May 21, represented by a bull
2. VIRGO: August 23 — September 23, represented by a young woman 3. CAPRICORN: December 22 — January 20, represented by a goat 4. PISCES: February 20 — March 20, represented by two fish
5. AQUARIUS: January 21 — February 19, represented by the water-bearer 6. LEO: July 23 — August 22, represented by a lion 7. CANCER: June 22 — July 22, represented by a crab 8. ARIES: March 21 — April 20, represented by a ram 9. GEMINI: May 22 — June 21, represented by twins
10. SAGITTARIUS: November 23 — December 21, represented by a centaur (= half human and half horse) shooting an arrow
11. SCORPIO: October 24 — November 22, represented by a scorpion
12. LIBRA: September 24 — October 23, represented by a pair of measuring scales. Section B:
W: Hey, Kevin. Help me fill out this personality survey. It’ll be fun. M: Oh, I don’t know…
W: Oh, come on… OK, here’s the first one – what should I put for “aggressive”? M: Uh-oh … I … I’d say “very.” W：Very? Really?
M：Yeah, sure. Look at the way you drive!
W：Well, OK, so I’m a very aggressive driver … but … you have to drive like that in this city, or you’re gonna be hit, because … M：Uh … what’s the next one? W：“Selfish.” M: Oh, not at all.
W：Really? Well, … maybe just a little … I mean, a lot of people are, right? Just a little bit? You know, I mean, I try to think of other people, but sometimes I do just think of myself, I guess.
M: OK, OK, so put “not very.” W：OK.
M: But you can put “extremely” for the next one. W：What? Oh, “Kind”?
M: Yes. Don’t you think you’re a extremely kind person? W: I am? OK, if you say so. Oh, look at this next one. M: Oh, “patient”! W: Yeah.
M: Hmm … I don’t know. Sometimes you can be really patient, but other times you’re not patient at all. Like remember that time in line at the supermarket when you got … W: OK, OK. I get your point. I’ll put “sort of.” M: OK, that’s right.
W: Next one … “jealous.” I guess I’m sort of jealous…
M: Sort of? I’d put “very”. Remember how angry you got when my ex-girlfriend called the other day? I thought you’re gonna raise the roof … W: All right, all right. “Very.” M: Oh, OK, what’s the next one? W: That’s all. M: That’s all?
W: Yeah, but now it’s your turn. Section C: 1. George
W: So what are you going to do after you graduate, George? G: I’m going to start my own business. W: Oh, really? What type of business?
G: Well, I haven’t decided yet, but I know I’ll be successful in anything I do. In fact, I’m going to be one of the top business people in town in less than five years. Just wait and see! I have everything it takes — I’m smart, I can organize people. And I’m full of ideas that can make money. 2. Karen
K: Hey! Look at this wallet on the sidewalk. Wow! There’s lots of money in it … but no identification. Mmm … I wonder how I can find the owner? I guess I’ll take it to the police station and see if anyone’s reported a lost wallet. 3. Pam
M: What are you doing tonight, Pam?
P: Well, I was supposed to meet Bill after work for a movie, but I don’t feel like going. I think I’ll go shopping instead. M: Won’t Bill get mad?
P: Oh, I’m sure he can find something else to do. M: Oh?
P: Besides, I really need some new clothes. I haven’t bought any for nearly a month! M: Huh!
Part II Self-esteem
Ⅰ. Vocabulary for this part:
1. self-esteem: [.selfis'ti:m] the quality of being worthy of esteem or respect自尊, 自尊心 2. harsh: disagreeable to the senses; unpleasantly stern刺耳的，严厉的
3. democratic: representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large民主的 Ⅱ. Key to this part: Subject: young boys Procedure:
1. testing (what?): measure the boys’ abilities and how they felt about their own abilities 2. dividing (how?): 3 groups – those with high self-esteem / middle self-esteem / low self-esteem 3. following-up study (where and when?): in all situations – at home / at work / in school / with friends Observations: the behavior of the boys
1. boys with high self-esteem: active / able to express ideas / successful in school and in relations with other people / creative / led in discussions / interested in world problems / seldom tired or sick 2. boys with middle self-esteem: like the boys with high self-esteem / express ideas freely / saw the world as a good and happy place / not sure of their own value 3. boys with low self-esteem: sad most time / afraid to start activities / felt no love / couldn’t express ideas / afraid of anger / no talk in discussion Findings:
close between the boys and the parents good behavior demanded definite rules made by the parents: strict but not harsh & led in a kind and thoughtful way behavior corrected by rewards democratic family life: children’s ideas respected by the parents knowing their importance to the parents whose love for the children was never taken away allowed to do almost anything no definite rules mistakes corrected by harsh punishment believing that their parents didn’t love them
Ⅲ. Tapescript for this part:
Scientists have learned a great deal about the parts of brain and their functions. They have also studied the development of the personality, for example, how a baby learns to love. In recent studies of two universities in the United States, scientists have investigated the development of self-esteem.
Self-esteem is the respect a person has for himself, his belief in his ability and in the value of what he does. The scientists studied self-esteem in young boys. They gave them many tests. These tests measured the boys’ abilities and also how they felt about their own abilities. After the tests, the boys were divided into three groups – those with high self-esteem, those with middle self-esteem and those with low self-esteem. The scientists continued to study the boys in all situations. They studied them at home, at work, in school, and with their friends.
From their studies, the scientist made some observations. Boys with high self-esteem were
active. They were able to express their ideas. They were successful in school and in their relations with other people. In discussions, they led. They didn’t just listen. They were interested in world problems. They were creative and believed that they could finish whatever they started. They seldom became tired and sick. In many ways, the boys with middle self-esteem were like the boys with high self-esteem. They too expressed their ideas freely and saw the world as a good and happy place. However, they were not sure of their own value as people. They did their best work when they were sure that other people liked them. They boys with low self-esteem were different from the other two groups. They were sad most of the time. They were afraid to start activities. They felt that no one loved them. They could not express their ideas. They were afraid of anger. In a discussion, they listened, but they didn’t talk.
The scientists asked, “How do some boys develop high self-esteem?” “What is different in their lives?” Some of the answers were surprising. High self-esteem did not depend upon physical appearance, or money, or size of family. It did not depend upon how much the mother was at home. The scientists found that there was a closeness between the boys with high self-esteem and their parents. Their parents showed real interests in them, and spent time with them. They listened to their sons and gave them help when the boys asked for it. They knew their sons’ friends. The sons knew that they were important to their parents. These parents demanded good behavior. They made definite rules. They were strict, but not harsh. They corrected their sons’ behavior by rewards, not by punishment. They never took away their love. On the other hand, the parents of boys with low self-esteem let their sons do almost anything. If a boy made a mistake, the parents punished him harshly. The boys believed that their parents didn’t love them. There were no definite rules. The family life of the boys with high self-esteem was democratic. The parents made rules, but they led in a kind and thoughtful way. They showed respect for their children’s ideas, even when they did not agree with them. They let the boys give their opinions in discussions of family plans. These boys were productive citizens. Now these scientists are studying other groups of children. They want to learn how to help children with low self-esteem feel better about themselves. In this way, these children can become productive citizens too.
Part III How to deal with depression and anger?
Ⅰ. Vocabulary for this part:
1. depression: the condition of feeling sad or despondent忧愁，沮丧
2. drugs: a chemical substance, such as a narcotic or hallucinogen, that affects the central nervous system, causing changes in behavior and often addiction毒品
3. psycho-therapy: the treatment of mental and emotional disorders through the use of psychological techniques designed to encourage communication of conflicts and insight into problems, with the goal being personality growth and behavior modification. 精神疗法：通过用于鼓励冲突间的交流和对问题的了解的心理技巧来医治精神和情感失调，其目的是帮助患者的人格成长和对其行为的修正
4. moderate: being within reasonable limits; not excessive or extreme有节制的，适度的
5. tether: the extent or limit of one's resources, abilities, or endurance能力或忍耐力的程度或限度
6. suppress: to curtail or prohibit the activities of抑制
7. manifest: to show or demonstrate plainly; reveal清楚地显示;表明 8. surly: sullenly ill-humored; gruff傲慢的；粗暴的
9. cleanse: 清洗（伤口）；使清洁
10. vent my anger on somebody: find an outlet for an emotion发泄 11. ebb away: 消逝, 渐渐衰退 12. dump: 倾倒(垃圾), 倾卸 13. uptight: nervously tense
14. punch: to hit with a sharp blow of the fist用拳头猛击
Ⅱ. Keys to this part: Keys to Section A:
sad temporary long mental anyone ten developing 80% drugs effective carefully without activity minor walking 30 four improve physical traditional hour talking doctors Discussion ways problems education understand Keys to Section B:
B1 speaker1 manifest anger
speaker2 joyous/warm/loving vent anger on somebody dump anger B2 punch bags with picture of their boss laughing at it Ⅲ. Tapescript for this part: B1:
Speaker 1
I actually … I, I very rarely get angry, erm, I, I’ve quite a long tether when it comes to anger, erm, which doesn’t mean, I really don’t believe I’m suppressing any anger at all, er, but, it manifests itself in a very sarcastic way with me. Like if for example, I’m I’m, if I’m buying a … railway ticket or something and the … the guy behind counter is very surly and er, you know refuses to treat me, er like a human being, I won’t be, get angry with him but I’ll get very sarcastic with him and try to make very very clever remarks. (oh … yes, one of those, yes …) (laughter) And er that for me, that for me serves its purpose. I do feel er very … I feel very cleansed after a situation like that. Oh, I, of course I do sometimes, if it’s absolutely necessary I do get very angry, if I’m taken that far. But I certainly don’t suppress any anger. Speaker 2
Well my anger is tied up with my sleepless nights. (laughter) I mean, if I do not sleep well, I wake up the morning, I am angry. I use any excuse to vent my anger on somebody. If I sleep well, then everything’s fine. I’m a joyous, warm, loving person. Sleepless nights, I’m full of anger and my anger does not ebb away unless I use a thing or somebody to vent it upon. As weak as that may sound, that’s how I work. And it’s terrible sort of admission to make to everybody here. If I’m looking for excuses for having woken up in a particularly bad way, so, in a way, anger is something that I have to get out. I do not carry it around by weeping, and like crying. I believe in dumping it. B2:
A: Apparently, I don’t know if this is true, but in Japan, if factory workers get a bit uptight or angry, they can go out into the gym or something which is usually attached to the factory and there are punch bags there with pictures of their boss. And they can go and they can spend twenty minutes punching hell out of this punch bag. And they go back to work and they feel great. B: Oh God yes, well, that brings us on to laughing then. That made me laugh.
A: Well, that’s one way of dealing with anger as well, I suppose, if you can actually remove yourself from the situation and just laugh at it. I think laughter is, again, one of the most
wonderful releases, and I mean I think that it’s actually been proved that you know the chemical that is released when you laugh is, life-enhancing and life elongating too, you know. It promotes a healthy, a healthier being. B: And it heals wounds.
Part IV Short talks on listening skills: Represent the Ideas Clear and Clean --- Outlining Ⅰ. Key to this part:
classifying and organizing ideas ability the facts or ideas are related to one another Roman Arabic letters standard form decreasing importance capital letters small letters to the left to the right equal the same distance easy to see the ideas before and after it No punctuation Outlining practice
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