高中英语-主动语态与被动语态复习
英语动词有两种语态：
a. 主动语态：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
We planted the tree.
b. 被动语态：被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
The tree was planted by us.
1）被动语态的结构为：be（体现时态与人称）+过去分词
2）被动语态的用法：
a. 强调动作的承受者;
Table tennis ____________(play) all over China.
b. 不需要指出动作的执行者或动作的执 行者难以说出或不必说出.
The Party ______________(found) on July 6,1924.
练习：请把下列句子转换成被动语态。
1. Many students study English.
________________________________________________.
2. We cleaned the classroom yesterday.
_________________________________________________.
3. Our school will hold an English speech contest next week.
_________________________________________________.
4. . Anne can take good care of little Tom.
_________________________________________________.
5. They has built a bridge across the river.
__________________________________________________.
6. The man is building a house now.
__________________________________________________.
总结
A.主动语态变被动语态的步骤:
1) 找原句___________ ，将其变成主语；
2) 看原句___________的单复数 ----即be动词的单复数.
3) 判断原句___________的时态 ----即be动词的时态.
4) 修改谓语的形式 ----即原句动词改为过去分词
5) 修改原句的主语 ----即by+ 主语.
B. 1)一般现在时被动语态：am/is/are+动词过去分词
2)一般过去时被动语态：________________+动词过去分词
3）一般将来时被动语态：_________________+动词过去分词
4）过去将来时被动语态：__________________+动词过去分词
5)现在完成时被动语态：___________________+动词过去分词
6)过去完成时被动语态：___________________+动词过去分词
7)现在进行时被动语态：___________________+动词过去分词
8)过去进行时被动语态：___________________+动词过去分词
练习：完成下列句子。
1. People play football all over the world.
_____________________________________all over the world (by people).
2. Two years ago, we used those machines to make shoes for the children.
___________________________________(by us) to make shoes for the children.
3. He will hold his calligraphy exhibition next month.
_______________________________________(by him ) next month.
4. We had learnt more than 2000 words by the end of last term.
______________________________________(by us) by the end of last term.
5. The bird is singing a beautiful song.
___________________________________________by the bird.
注：几种值得注意的被动语态变化：
1)一些感官动词(如see,hear,watch等)和使役动词(如 make, let等)后接 宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，变被动语态时要加上“to” 。
如：a. Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.
=Jim was made to do his homework at home.
b. I usually hear her sing English songs in the morning.
=______________________________ in the morning.
2)带有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态时,直接或 间接宾语都可做主语,注意间接宾语前加 to或for.
a. My mother bought me a new bike.
=I was bought a new bike by my mother.
=A new bike was bought for me by my mother.
b. Jack has given Tom a book.
=A book_________________________________________.
=Jack ___________________________________________.
不用被动语态的几种情况。
1). 不及物动词没有被动语态。
belong , happen, take place, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, ,break out,
appear, 等。
a.在过去的几年里，这个城市发生了巨大的变化。
___________________________________________________.
b. 我的梦想实现了。
___________________________________________________.
2)系动词没有被动语态。
如：It sounds a good idea.
3)宾语为反身代词的句子不能变成被动句。
I will devote myself to the post.(正)
Myself will be devoted to the post by me. (错)
练习1：请把下列句子变成被动语态。
1. You should take proper measures to prevent such an incident from happening again.
=_________________________________________________________________.
2. I saw the waiter treat an old cumstomer rudely in your resturant yesterday.
=_______________________________________________________________.
3. I will send you the CD through post office tomorrow.
= ______________________________________________________________.
4. The driver has not kept the passengers' safety in mind.
________________________________________________________________.
5. The boss thinks highly of him as a result of his good service and rich experience.
_____________________________________________________________.
练习2：请翻译下列句子。
1. I hope that the matter can be investigated as soon as possible.
2. Fate can be changed by working hard, so I am sure you will succeed next year, if you go on practising singing.
3. 据说那个博物馆内不允许游客拍照。
4. 如果这样一个机会可以提供给我，我将不胜感激。
5.我很遗憾听说你们的房子被火灾给毁了。
主动语态与被动语态答案
a. is played b. was founded
1. English is studied by many students.
2. The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday.
3. An English speech contest will be held by our school next week.
4. Little Tom can be taken good care of by Anne.
5. A bridge has been built across the river by them.
6. A house is being built by the man now.
1. Football is played
2. Two years ago, those machines were used
3. His calligraphy exhibition will be held by him
4. More than 2,ooo words had been learnt
5. A beautiful song is being sung
b. She is usually heard to sing English songs (by me)
b. A book has been given to Tom (by Jack).
Tom has been given a book (by Jack).
a. In the past years, great changes have taken place in the city.
b. My dream has come true.
1. again.
Proper measures should be taken to prevent such an incident from happening
2. yesterday.
The waiter was seen to treat an old cumstomer rudely (by me) in your restaurant
3. You will be sent the CD (by me) through post office tomorrow.
The CD will be sent to you (by me) through post office tomorrow.
4. The passenger's safety has not been kept in mind by the driver.
5. He is highly thought of by the boss as a result of his good service and rich
experience.
1. 我希望尽快调查这件事。
2. 命运可以通过努力学习来改变，因此，如果你继续训练唱歌，我确信你明年会成功。
3. It is said that visitors are not permitted to take photos in the musuem.
4. I would appreciate it if such a chance could be offered to me.
5. I am sorry to hear that your house was destroyed by the fire.
练习
1. Fast food _______(be) full of fat and salt.
2. But at the moment, school _______(come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling.
3. Confucius believed that knives would remind people of killings and ________ (be) too violent for use at the table.
4. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, __________ (regard) as one of the best all-around forms of exercise.
5. While online shopping __________ (change) our life, not all of its effects have been positive.
6. Christmas is the most important festival in the western world. It _____ (fall) on December 25.
7. By the time, she ____________(accept) by Yale University and Harvard University in the U.S.
8. Due to the hard training they _________(do) before, their performances were very
impressive.
9. We __________(reduce) emission of air pollutions in recent years, but cars are still major source of them.
10. She _________(phone) someone, so I nodded to her and went away.
11. Sooner or later those dishonest people ________(pay) a price for their acts; on the contrary, when we are honest, we are truly free.
12. It is reported that a space station __________(build) on the moon in years to come.
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