2016高考英语一轮复习语法梳理素材：名词性从句

名词性从句 序号 1 2 知 识 要 点 名词性从句包括：主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句 和同位语从句。 宾语从句中，要注意主从句时态的一致性，如主句的谓语动词 是过去式，从句中的动词需用过去的相应的时态，如宾语从句表达客观事实或真理，不论主句什么时态从句都用一般现在时。同时名词性从句应遵循陈述语序。 that引导的名词性从句，在句中不作任何成分，没有实际意义， 一般不可以省略（除动词后面的宾语从句）。但如一个动词后接多个宾语从句，只省略第一个that。 名词性从句中if/ whether 的使用： 表示“是否”时，在宾语从句中作动词后的宾语，且后面无or not两者可替换。 介词后宾语从句,动词后宾语从句有or not或者引导表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句均用whether. 后面常接同位语从句的名词有news, word, idea, plan, hope, dream，suggestion, advice等 what，which，who，whom与whatever，whichever，whoever， whomever 的区别,前者(一)带有疑问概念，（二）引导名词性从句；后者（一）表示强调，（二）既可以引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，引导让步状语从句时等于no matter+疑问词，同时，让步状语从句和名词性从句可相互转化.(如： Whoever did it will be punished. Whoever did it , he will be punished) 当主句动词为表示疑问或不确定的词如： doubt, question, not clear时，宾语从句用if/ whether/when/where等 （如：wonder,doubt）。如表示陈述，比如在谈到“没问题、毫无疑问、已确定、已证实、很清楚”等判断性意义如：no doubt , certain, sure, clear时， 用that.（这种情况也适用于主语、表语或同位语从句中） 把这些名词性从句的引导词转换成先行词+关系代词或关系副 词 （1）What he said proved wrong. Everything/ All (that) he said proved wrong. （2）Please tell me what happened to you yesterday. Please tell me all that happened to you yesterday. （3）The topic is what we are interested in. The topic is the one (that) we are interested in. （4）The building is where the workers live. The building is the place where the workers live. 由whatever, whoever, whomever 引导的名词性从句，相当于 anything that/ anyone who(whom)„.. 1.You can do whatever you like.(= You can do anything that you like.) 2.I’ll give the gift to whoever comes first. (= I’ll give 已掌握 需巩固 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1

10 11 12 13 the gift to anyone who comes first.) 3.You can give the book to whomever you like.(= You can give the book to anyone whom you like.) 有些动词后面的宾语从句有否定的转移，但是要注意反义疑问 句的用法。满足以下四个条件（一.人称是第一人称 二.时态是一般现在时 三.动词是表示心理活动的词think, believe, guess等 四.动词不被任何副词修饰）则肯否根据主句，其余根据从句。 介词后面一般不直接接that引导的宾语从句，只有少数几个如： except, but, in等。其它介词后面须加it作形式宾语，才可再接that 宾语从句。 动词find, feel, think, consider, make, believe等后有宾 语补足语时，需要it作形式宾语，而that从句则后置。动词hate, like ,dislike, love, appreciate, prefer, take--for granted表示“喜欢”“厌恶”“认为”时，要用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。 I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food. 与建议\\命令\\要求\\坚持意思连用的名词性从句，要用should+ 动词原形 It’s +adj./n.(important, necessary, vital，essential, natural, surprising, strange, impossible, a pity, ashame, no wonder ) / 过去分词（required, suggested 等）+that 从句，从句中用should do 表示“竟然，应该”。 同位语从句与定语从句的区别： that在定语从句里是关系代词，充当主语或宾语，充当宾语时可以省略； 在同位语从句中that是连词，不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，没有具体词义，但不能省略。 试比较： The news that our team had won the game excited us. The news (that) he told us was unbelievable. 14 15

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