初中英语作文模板

In this argument, the author concluds that__(作者观点)_______.To substantiate this conclusion, the author cites _____. In adiddtion, the author points out that ________. Moreover,he ________.All these evidence cited are plausible to further bolster the author’s argument.However,close scrutiny reveals that this seemingly convincing argument omits some crucial factors, which are indispensable to perfect the line of reasoning.So, in my opinion of view, this argument indeed suffers following logical flaws.

To begin with.....

Seconly,

In the third place,

Even thought.......

To sum up, all the reaons disscussed above best strenghthen my view that the argument is not persuasive as it stands.Therefore, it is imprudent for the author to claim that______.In order to make this argument more logically acceptable, the author would have to provide more information with regard to _______. Addtionally,he would have to demonstrate that_______.Therefore, if the argument had included those rational factors given above, it would become more thorough and compelling.

1、因果错误

同时性or 时序型

The auther commits a fallacy of causual oversimplification.Merely based on the fact that(A)occured after (B)(Merely based on the coincidental concurrence of A and B ), the auther then presumptuously infer that A should be responsible for B(the auther concluds that the former is the cause of the later). However, the sequence of these events (the correlation between A and B) ,in itself, does not nessisarily suggest a causual relationship .Therefore, this is a fallacious argument unless other possible causal explanations have been considered and ruled out.For example. Any of these facors might lead to B.Hence, without ruling out all other factors it is problematic to conclude that ___.

假设型原因

The author falsely depends on gratuitous assumption that.... However, no evidence is stated in the argument to support this assumption. In fact, while this is a tempting assumption, it is not obviously true. Concequetly, …..could be the function of other factors. For example, is is likely that, In a word, this argument is unwarrant without such possibility.

假设型结论

The argument assumes too hastly that……will necessarily result in the behavior the author predicts. Actually, this is not always the case, since the author does not provide solide information to assure that it will not violate the initial intend and

effect adversely.As a result, It may turn out that, contrary to the author’s exception…Perhaps, or perhaps…Without neglecting these possible aftermaths, it is questionable to make such observation.

错误指示

The author assume that the A is an overall measue of B. While this is a tempting assumption, its truth is by no means obvious. If B is narrowly defined in term of the B, this assumption is somewhat reasonable. However, given a boarder conception of ….it is not solid to confirm that A is an indicator of B. For instance…..

2、错误类比

1对1

The author’s recommendation relies on what might be a poor analogy between A and B. Although there maybe points of comparison between these two…, each ot them has its own features and characteristic. So it is not sound to conclude that one’s succesful action could be applied equally to anther. As a result, it is circumvent to point out more homogeneous factors as assurance to strenghten the suggestion.

一对多 typify nationwide \\\\\\\\\\

过去推现在

The author commits the fallacy of “all things are equal”. The fact that happened 。。。。 is not a sound evidence to draw a gerneration that..... The author assumes without justification that the background conditions have remained the same at different times or （at different locations）. However, it is not clear in this argument whether the current conditions at AA are the same as they used to be two years ago. Thus it is impossible to draw to such conlusion.

3、调查类错误

The poll cited by the author is too vague to be informative. The claim does not indicate who conducted the poll, who responded, or when, where and how the poll was conducted. Therefore, unless the surveyors sampled a sufficient number of ____and did so randomly across the whole spectrum in the survey, which is carried out by unbiased organization, its results could be reliable to gauge that______

样本不足

The number of respondents/samples in itself does not ensure representativeness. For example, if the sample included only , then the results would no doubt suggest . Or if _____, (1200) would account for only a little percentage, which would renders the result of the survey meaningless.

Or perhaps the current economic downturn is part of a larger picture of

economic cycles and trends, and has nothing to do with who happens to be mayor.

Mishap sare like knives that either serve us or cut us as we grasp them by the handle or blade

_____?The speaker claims that_________.As the proverb goes,\" There are a thousand Hamlets in a thousand people's eyes', which is to say that people with distinctive backgrouds and experiences may treat the same issue from divergent perspectives. Therefore, there is not a universal answer, and whether one takes precedence over the other depends on specific situation.As far as I am concerned,the speaker's assertion seems to be more of a normative statement than an empirical observasion .In other word,the issue is more complicated and controversial than the speaker suggests and the final judgment relies on case-to-case anlysis.Actually, to some extent,____ ,howerver,_______.My view can be greatly substantiated by the following discussions.

To sum up, according to the reasons mentioned above,we can not simply say that__(作者观点).It is not advised to estimate an issue unnecessarily to an irreversible extreme while overlooks other compelling factors that may affect it. When refering to ___(问题)，in some cases _____,while in many other cases it will not.In the final anlysis,___（提出适中的建议）

１．起始段首句常用句式

A proverb says:\"...\" 有句谚语说：“...”

As the proverb says:\"...\" 如谚语说：“...”

Everybody knows that... 每个人都知道...

Generally speaking... 一般说来...

It can be easily proved that... 很容易证明...

It goes without saying that... 不用说...

It is quite clear that...because... 很明显...,因为...

It is often said that... 人们常说...

Many people often ask this question:\"...?\" 许多人常问这个问题：“...?”

It is ture that... ...是真实的

No one can deny that... 谁也不能否认...

One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is... 与上述同样重要的一件事是...

The chief reason why... 为什么...的主要原因是...

We must recognize that... 我们必须承认...

There is no doubt that... 无疑...

I'm of the opinion that... 我认为...

In my point of view... 在我看来...

This can be expressed as follows... 这可以从以下几点说明...

The reasons are presented below... 原因例举如下...

To take... for an example... 以...为例...

Therefore we should realize that... 因此我们应该了解...

We have reasons to believe that... 我们有理由相信...

Now that we know that... 既然我们知道...

What is more serious is that... 更严重的是...

Anyway,I agree with the idea of... 不管怎样，我同意...

I side with the latter opinion... 我同意后一个观点...

２．推展段首句常用句式

Another special consideration in this case is that...

对这个问题的另一考虑是...

Besides,we should not neglect that...

除此之外，我们还不能忽视...

But it is a pity that... 但遗憾的是...

But the problem is not so simple,therefore...

然而问题并非如此简单，因此...

However,... 然而...

Others may find this to be ture,but I do not,I believe that... 在别人看来可能是对的，但我个人并不认为如此，我认为...

On the other hand,... 另一方面...

Perhaps you'll question why... 也许你会问为什么...

There is certain amount of truth in this,but we still have a problem... 尽管大量

事实如此，但我们还有一个疑问...

Though we are in basic agreement with... 虽然基本上我们同意...

What seems to be the trouble is... 似乎困难是在...

Yet difference will be found,what is why I feel that... 然而其中仍有差别，这也正是我们为什么认为...

So long as you regard this as reasonable,you may... 只要你认为这合理，你就可以...

...should be put in the first place. ...应放在首要位置

Next,another factor we must consider is that... 接下来，我们必须考虑的另一因素是...

The main reason that can be seen by everyone is that... 每个人都注意到，最主要的原因是...

What is also with noticing is that... 另一个值得注意的是...

３．结尾段首句常用句式

In a word... 总而言之...

In conclusion... 由此得出结论...

On account of this we can find that... 由此我们可以知道...

The result is depend on... 结果视...而定

Therefore,the findings reveal the following information... 因此，这些发现揭示了以下信息...

Thus,this is the reason why we must... 因此，这就是我们为什么必须...

To sum up... 总而言之...

二、过度词汇及词组

并列关系

or, and, also, too, not only … but also, as well as, both… and, either …or, neither

…nor

层进

firstly, then / next, after that / next, finally

to begin with ，in the first place， to start with

Besides / what's more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also,

Especially / In particular, 尤其，特别 and equally important

On (the) one hand…on the other hand,

For one thing … for another…,

finally

in this case, 既然这样

目的

for this reason,, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to,

因果关系

because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to…, due to…, therefore, as a

result (of), otherwise, so…that, such…that

条件关系

as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless

举例

for example ，for instance…… moreover

such as…, take… for example

to illustrate ，as an illustration

after all

解释

as a matter of fact， frankly speaking

in this case， namely， 也就是，即

in other words

furthermore, in fact, actually

总结

in summary，in conclusion，on the whole，in a word

to summarize

in short / in brief，简而言之

in fact，indeed， adv 其实，的确

in other words， of course

in all、总共，合计

that is， 即，换句话说thus于是；因此

altogether， therefore

强调

of course indeed

above all most important

emphasis，n 强调，重点

certainly， in fact

without any doubt, truly,obviously, above all,

让步

still， nevertheless， in spite of， all the same

even so， after all

of course

no matter how (who, what, which, where, when,whom)

however, whoever,whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever,

比较

in comparison / by contrast， 相比之下

in the same way / likewise，同样地，也

similarly，相似地 equally，同等地，也

转折

although

at the same time, 但是；然而

nevertheless

notwithstanding，adv 尽管如此；仍然

on the contrary，（与此）相反

on the other hand， otherwise，不同地；除此外

regardless， 无论如何

still though yet

despite， even so，即使如此，for all that，尽管如此

even though，即使

however， in spite of

instead

时间

after a while，一会儿后 afterward，adv、以后；后来

again，adv、此外，再 also

and then，于是，然后 as long as，如果；既然

eventually， finally ，at last，终于 at length，充分地；最后；终于

at that time，在那时 before

besides，

formerly，以前；从前 in the past，在过去

furthermore， in addition

in the first place，首先；从一开始 last lately

meanwhile，期间；同时 moreover，此外

next，接下去presently， second

shortly simultaneously，同时地

since ，so far ，soon

subsequently，后来；随后；接着

thereafter，此后，在那以后until

all of a sudden / abruptly / suddenly突然地

all at once，突然（句尾）

immediately, soon, at that moment, as soon as, the moment