阅读理解解题技巧

----细节理解

一、命题分析

细节理解题一直是高考英语阅读理解题中设题密度最大的题型，通常占阅读总分的50%到70%，因此，考生能否答对这类题，对整套试卷的得分起关键作用。

二、命题形式

这类题主要是针对文中某一特定的细节或若干细节等来提问的， 因此，信息的准确定位是考生面临的最大难点。分析近年来高考常考的细节信息题， 我们可归结为：直接信息题、是非判断题 、数字计算题、排列顺序题、细节推理题等。

三、解题技巧

此类题的基本解题方法是寻读法， 即在了解文章主旨大意的基础上， 带着问题去相应的段落里找到相关的词语或句子， 然后进行分析、对比， 从而得出答案。做题时，不能脱离原文想当然地以自己的背景知识去推理， 而要根据文章所述内容来理解和判断。

细节理解题的常见设题形式：

1.According to the passage, (where/why/how/who/what/which,etc.)...? 2.The author/writer(of the passage)states that...

3.Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? 4.All the statements are true EXCEPT?

5.Which of the following statements is TRUE?

6.Which of the following statements is NOT true/NOT mentioned in the passage? 7.Which of the following does the author discuss? 1、直接信息题

这是细节题中最简单的一种题型。这类题的正确选项一般是由原文句子稍加变动而成。解答这类题时， 考生可以通过题干中的关键线索词， 如人物（who）， 事件（what）， 时间（when）， 地点(where)，原因(why)， 方式（how）， 程度（how long , how soon, how often , how much ） ， 数字（ how many / howmuch ）， 选择（which）， 在原文中迅速捕捉所涉及该问题的相关信息， 略加分析， 然后作出正确选择。

【例】Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir（回忆录）of Ralph W.Tyler ,who is one of the most famous men in American education.

According to the passage, Who are most probably interested in Ralph W.Tyler memoir?

A.Top managers B.Language learners

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C.Serious educators D.Science organizations 2、是非判断题

这种题相对来说较难做， 因为信息分散在全文，按理需要花较多时间在各段落找到相关句。若要到全文中去一一查证四个选项， 效率太低。因此我们可以首先对所有选项作一分析， 根据常理， 根据自己的背景知识， 看看哪一选项最有可能是答案。如问哪一个true， 就把四个中最可能正确的一项挑出来首先去查证； 如问哪一个NOT true， 就把四个中最可能是错误的一项挑出来首先去查证。用这一方法， 最多查证两项， 答案就会出来。

【例】Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991，... Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition, she had been an air hostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years. However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station. Which of the following is NOT true? A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.

B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents. C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.

D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.

3、数字计算题

此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。 【例】Tuition Fees(学费)

Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: tui@waikato.ac.nz Accommodation(住宿)

You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: ave@walkato.ac.nz

You have to pay at least ______ a year if you study at the University of Waikato. A. $5,250 B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000

4、排列顺序题

这种试题要根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，

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迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。

【例】O. Henry was a pen name used by an American writer of short stories. His real name was William Sydney Porter. He was born in North Carolina in 1862. As a young boy he lived an exciting life. He did not go to school for very long, but he managed to teach himself everything he needed to know. When he was about 20 years old, O. Henry went to Texas, where he tried different jobs. He first worked on a newspaper, and then had a job in a bank, when some money went missing from the bank O. Henry was believed to have stolen it. Because of that, he was sent to prison. During the three years in prison, he learned to write short stories. After he got out of prison, he went to New York and continued writing. He wrote mostly about New York and the life of the poor there. People liked his stories, because simple as the tales were, they would finish with a sudden change at the end, to the reader’s surprise.

In which order did O. Henry do the following things?

a. Lived in New York. b. Worked in a bank. c. Travelled to Texas. d. Was put in prison. e. Had a newspaper Job. f. Learned to write stories. A. e. c. f. b. d. a B. c. e. b. d. f. a C. e. b. d. c. a. f. D. c. b. e. d. a f.

5、细节推断题

这类题要求根据文章的某个句子、段落来推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实， 旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。答案中的干扰项可能是原文信息的简单重复， 也有可能符合考生已有常识， 但在文章中没有信息支持。

【例】 The rain forest is the ideal place for the growth of many different trees.Most of them depend on animals to eat their fruits and spread their seeds.When the fruits are eaten,the seeds inside them go undamaged through animals' stomachs and are passed out in their droppings.The seeds lying on the forest floor then grow into new trees.

According to the passage,_______play the most important role in the spreading of seeds.

A.animals B.droppings C.fruits D.winds

练习：

[Children have their own rules in playing games. They seldom need a referee (裁判) and rarely trouble to keep scores. They don't care much about who wins or' loses, and it doesn't seem to worry them if the game is not finished. Yet, they like games that depend a lot on luck, so that their personal abilities cannot be directly compared. ~They also enjoy games that move in stages, in which each stage, the choosing of leaders, the picking-up of

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sides, or the determining of which side shall start, is almost a game in itself.

Grown-ups can hardly find children's games exciting, and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple games again and again. However, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons. He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to some- one of whom he is ordinarily afraid. He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn. He can be confident, too, in paricular games that it is his place to give orders, to pretend to be dead, to throw a ball actually at someone, or to kiss someone he has caught.

It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their controk Everyone knows the rules, and more importantly, everyone plays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they make sure that everychild has a chance to win. 1. What is true about children when they play games? A. They can stop playing any time they like. B. They can test their personal abilities. C. They want to pick a better team. D. They don't need rules.

2. To become a leader in a game, the child has to _______. A. play well

B. wait for his turn

C. be confident in himself

D. be popular among his playmates 3. What do we know about grown-ups? A. They are not interested in games. B. They find children's games too easy. C. They don't need a reason to play games. D. They don't understand children's games. 4. Why does a child like playing games?

A. Because he can be someone other than himself. B. Because he can become popular among friends. C. Because he finds he is always lucky in games.

D. Because he likes the place where he plays a game. 5. The writer believes that_______.

A. children should make better rules for their games B. children should invite grown-ups to play with them C. children's games can do them a lot of good

D. children play games without reasons

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答案

1.直接信息题 C 2.是非判断题 B

 解析： A、C、D都可在原文找到，而B项原文列的是：taken to Hong Kong，可判断不是moved to Hong Kong with her parents，因此选B。

解此类题需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断。 3、数字计算题 B

根据Tuition fees一节的内容可知，一年的学费最低为5,000美元，再根

据Accommodation(住宿)一节可知，除学费外，还有住宿费(每月100美元)和生活费(每月150美元)，即一年大约共3,000美元，所以在WaiKato大学读书一年至少要花费5,000+3,000=8,000美元，故答案为B。

4、排列顺序题 B 5、细节推断题 A

练习

【解 析】 本文介绍了孩子们的不同于成人世界的游戏规则：简单而公平；而成人却对此迷惑不解。

【答 案】 1．A 这是一道细节题。第一段第三句说明在做游戏时，他们可以根据自己的愿望在任何时候停止游戏。

2．B这是一道细节题。从第二段倒数第二句可知，孩子们轮流担任游戏的领导者。

3．B这是一道细节题。第二段第一句说明大人们认为孩子们的游戏太简单了。

4．A 这是一道细节推断题。根据第二段第三句可以判断出孩子们喜好游戏的原因是他们在游戏中扮演了与自己完全不同的角色。

5．C 第二段第二句表明作者的态度，他认为做游戏对孩子们来说是很有好处的。

通过以上两个例题可以看出，细节实事题大多可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字或相关的部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句。

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