catti真题

catti真题

So where there is financial connection, we see that rapid improvements in quality of life can quickly follow.

In our modern context, there are several important channels to achieving this greater financial connectivity. I want to highlight two today: increased capital mobility and increased financial inclusion.

1. Increased Capital Mobility

First, enabling capital to flow more freely.

Allowing capital to flow across borders can help support inclusive growth. How? By enhancing investments in infrastructure, manufacturing, and even health care.

Right now, foreign direct investment —FDI — is only 1.9 percent of GDP in developing countries. Before the global financial crisis, it was at 2.5 percent. Making progress on major infrastructure needs will require capital flows to rise again and to be managed safely.

Greater openness to capital flows can also bring down the cost of finance, improve the efficiency of the financial sector, and allow capital to support productive investments and new jobs.

Thankfully, we know from experience the elements that are required for success. These include sound financial regulation, transparent rules for investment, and attention to fiscal sustainability.

2. Increased Financial Inclusion

We also need increased financial inclusion — my second channel for a more effective BRI.

A few numbers: close to half of the adult popu?lation in low and middle-income Asia-Pacific economies do not have a bank account. Less than 10 percent have ever borrowed from a financial institution.

And yet, we know that closing the finance gap is an “economic must-have” for nations to thrive in the 21st century. IMF analysis shows that if the least financially inclusive countries in Asia narrowed the finance gap to the level of Thailand — an emerging market economy — the poverty rate in those countries could be reduced by nearly 4 percent.

How can we get there? In part, through policies that enable more women and rural citizens to access financial services. The financial gender gap for women in developing countries is about 9 percent and has remained largely unchanged since 2011。

There is no silver bullet, but we know that fintech can play a catalyzing role.

In Cambodia, for example, strong public-private partnerships in supporting mobile finance has led to a tripling in the number of micro-financial institutions since 2011. These institutions have now provided loans to over 2 million new borrowers, representing nearly 20 percent of the adult population. Many of these citizens had never had a bank account. Now they can save for the future and perhaps even start a business of their own.

These are ideas that can work everywhere. But countries have to be willing to partner and learn from each other.

That is one of the major reasons why last October, the IMF and World Bank launched the Bali Fintech Agenda. The agenda lays out key principles — from developing financial markets to safeguarding financial integrity — that can help each nation as it strives for greater financial inclusion.

因此，在有财务联系的地方，我们看到生活质量的迅速提高可以很快地随之而来。

在我们的现代背景下，有几个重要的渠道来实现这种更大的金融连通性。 我今天要强调两个问题：资本流动增加和金融犯罪增加 上。

1. 资本流动增加

第一，使资本流动更加自由。

允许资本跨境流动有助于支持包容性增长。 怎么做？ 通过加强对基础设施、制造业

甚至医疗保健的投资。

目前，外国直接投资----外国直接投资----仅占发展中国家国内生产总值的1.9。 在全球金融危机之前，它是2.5。 在重大基础设施需求方面取得进展 美国将要求资本流动再次上升，并得到安全管理。

对资本流动的更大开放也可以降低金融成本，提高金融部门的效率，并允许资本支持生产性投资和新的就业机会。

幸运的是，我们从经验中了解成功所需要的要素。 其中包括健全的金融监管、透明的投资规则以及对财政可持续性的关注。

2. 增加金融包容性

我们还需要增加金融包容性-我的第二个渠道，以更有效的BRI。

少数数字：在低收入和中等收入亚太经济体，近一半的成年人没有银行账户。 不到10%的人曾向金融机构借款。

然而，我们知道，缩小金融差距是各国在21世纪繁荣的“经济必需品。 国际货币基金组织的分析表明，如果亚洲金融包容性最差的国家缩小 将财政差距扩大到泰国-一个新兴的市场经济-这些国家的贫困率可以降低近4。

我们怎样才能到达那里？ 部分是通过使更多妇女和农村公民能够获得金融服务的。 发展中国家妇女的财政性别差距约为9 自2011年以来，ND基本保持不变。

没有银弹，但我们知道fintech可以发挥催化作用。

例如，在柬埔寨，支持移动融资的强有力的公私伙伴关系导致自2011年以来微型金融机构的数量增加了两倍。 这些机构现在已经有了p 向200多万新借款人提供贷款，占成年人口的近20。 其中许多公民从来没有银行账户。 现在他们可以为未来存钱了，也许吧 甚至自己创业。

这些想法在任何地方都能奏效。 但各国必须愿意合作，相互学习。

这是去年10月国际货币基金组织和世界银行发起《巴厘芬特赫议程》的主要原因之一。 该议程列出了从发展金融市场到保护金融机构的关键原则 国家的完整性-这可以帮助每个国家争取更大的金融包容性。