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经济学专业术语2010

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经济学专业术语

the nature of the firm

Price mechanism 价格机制

Transaction costs 交易成本

Entrepreneur 企业家

Exchange transaction 交换交易

Sales tax 销售税

monopoly gain 垄断收益

factors of production 生产要素

diminishing returns of management market transaction 市场交易

marketing cost 营销成本

spatial distribution 空间分布

管理收益递减

combination 合并(when transactions which were previous organized by two or more entrepreneurs become organized by one)

integration 一体化 (when it involves the organization of transactions which were previously carried out between the entrepreneurs on a market)(p.45) (a firm can expand in either or both of these two ways.)

specialized exchange economy 专业化交换经济

the division of labour 劳动分工

specialization 专业化

uncertainty 不确定性

collusion 勾结

forecasting 预测，预期

relative price 相对价格

economic system 经济，经济制度

perfect competition 完全竞争

imperfect competition 不完全竞争

marginal cost 边际成本

dynamic factors 动态因素

a theory of moving equilibrium 移动均衡理论，动态均衡理论

marginal product of entrepreneur The Role of Monetary Policy

monetary policy 货币

The Great Contraction 大收缩

liquidity preference 流动偏好

depression 萧条

fiscal policy 财政

rigidity of wages 工资刚性

deflation policy 通货紧缩

monetary authority 货币当局

企业家的边际产品

Federal Reserve System 联邦储备系统

aggregate demand 总需求

fine tuning 微调

prompt adjustment 即刻调整

government bonds 债券

pioneering capital 创业资本

full employment 充分就业

money market 货币市场

speculation 投机

interest rate 利息率

unemployment 失业

financial community 金融集团

the quantity of money 货币数量

liquidity preferences schedule 流动性偏好图

demand for loans 贷款需求

cyclical adjustment process 周期性调节过程

price expectation effect 价格预期效应

nominal interest rate 名义利率

real interest rate 实际利率

natural interest rate 自然利率

Fisher effect 费雪效应

capital formation 资本形成

natural rate of unemployment 自然失业率

Walrasian system of general equilibrium equations 系

anticipations 预期

job vacancies 工作空职

瓦尔拉一般均衡公式体5

real magnitude 实际量值

monetary expansion 货币扩张

the creation of money 货币创造

Gold standard 金本位制

surplus or deficits 顺差或逆差

tariffs and quotas 关税或限额

stagnation 停滞

federal budget 联邦预算

monetary stability 货币稳定

exchange rate 汇率

floating exchange rates 浮动汇率

monetary total 货币总量

monopoly 垄断

inflationary gap 通胀缺口

aggregate demand 总需求

Phillips curve 菲利普斯曲线

money illusion 货币幻觉

disequilibrium 非均衡

voluntary unemployment 自愿失业

stickiness of money wages 货币工资粘性

bargain 议价

decentralized economy 非集中的经济

labor supply functions 劳动供给函数

involuntary unemployment 非自愿失业

Neoclassical equilibrium 新古典均衡

comparative statics 比较静态

scale of exogenous monetary variables 外生货币变量比例

static equilibrium 静态均衡

irrationality 非理性

Phillips doctrine 菲利普斯学说

Natural rate doctrine 自然率学说

transitional effect 转移效应

marginal productivity 边际生产率

full information 完全信息，充分信息

mechanics of adjustment 调节机制

stochastic variables 随机变量

cost of mobility 流动成本

frictional unemployment 摩擦性失业

the mean duration of unemployment 平均失业时间长度

inflation illusion 通胀幻觉

Over-estimation of real wages 实际工资的高估

substitution effect 替代效应

income effect 收入效应

under-estimation of price inflation 价格通胀的低估

capital stocks 资本存量

congestion theory 阻塞理论

external effect 外部效应

deadweight loss 绝对亏损，沉重损失

suboptimal 次优

stochastic macro-equilibrium 随机宏观均衡

heterogeneous markets 异质的市场

monotonic function 单调函数

asymmetry 不对称

relative wages 相对工资

monopoly 垄断

oligopoly 寡占

mark-ups 标高（价格）

administered price 规定价格

econometric evidence 经济计量证明

currency 通货

demand deposits 活期存款

financial assets 金融资产

reparations 赔款

hyper-inflation 过度通货膨胀

anti-inflation 反通胀

purchasing power 购买力

pension funds 年金基金

Pigou Effect 庇古效应

human capital 人力资本

social utility 社会效用

government regulations 管制，规制，调节

government intervention 干预

government management 管理

welfare macroeconomics 福利宏观经济学