武汉大学考博英语模拟试卷30(题后含答案及解析)

武汉大学考博英语模拟试卷30 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. English-Chinese Translation 3. Chinese-English Translation 4. Writing

Reading Comprehension

From 2007 to 2010, American households lost $11 trillion in real estate, savings, and stocks. More than half of all U. S. workers either lost their jobs or were forced to take cuts in hours or pay during the recession. The worst may be behind them now, but the shocking losses of the past few years have reshaped nearly every facet of their lives—how they live, work, and spend—even the way they think about the future. For Cindy, the recession began when her husband was relocated to Rhinelander, Wisconsin, by his company, forcing the family to move in a hurry. The couple bought a new house but were unable to sell their two-bedroom home in Big Lake, Minnesota. With two mortgages(抵押借贷)and two young children to care for, Cindy couldn’t imagine how to stretch her husband’s paycheck to keep her family fed. Then she stumbled upon an online community called Blotanical, a forum for gardeners, many with an interest in sustainability. “The more I read and discussed these practices, the more I realized this would help not only our budget but also our health,” she says. Cindy admits that before the recession, she was a city girl with no interest in growing her own dinner. “I grew flowers mostly—I didn’t think about plants that weren’t visually interesting. “ But to stretch her budget, she began putting in vegetables and fruit—everything from strawberry beds to apple trees—and as her first seedlings grew, her spirits lifted. She no longer thinks of gardening and making her own jams as just a money saver; they’re a genuine pleasure. “It’s brought us closer together as a family, too,” she says. Her kids voluntarily pitch in with(主动帮助)the garden work, and the family cooks together instead of eating out. The food tastes better—it’s fresher and organic—and the garden handily fulfills its original purpose; cost cutting. Now she spends about $200 to $300 a month on groceries, less than half of the $ 650 a month that she used to lay out. After discovering how resourceful she can be in tough times, Cindy is no longer easily discouraged. “It makes me feel proud to be able to say I made it myself,” she says. “I feel accomplished, and I’m more confident about attempting things I’ve never done before. “ Now she avoids convenience stores and has begun learning to knit, quilt, and make her own soap. “I don’t think I would have ever begun this journey if it weren’t for the recession,” she says. “I have a feeling that from now on, it will affect my family’s health and happiness for the better. “

1． We learn from the first paragraph that the recession______. A．affected Americans in certain occupations B．is over with some of the losses recovered

C．had only brought huge losses in savings and stocks D．had great impact on Americans’ work and life

正确答案：D

解析：细节推断题。原文酋段尾句指出，经济萧条过去几年的巨额损失改变了美国人生活的各个方面，改变了他们生活、工作和消费的种种方式。故答案为D。

2． What made the family’s financial situation even worse was that they______. A．didn’t know anyone in Rhinelander B．couldn’t sell their home in Big Lake C．had two children to raise

D．moved to Rhinelander in a hurry

正确答案：B

解析：细节事实题。原文第二段提到，丈夫的那点薪水要同时供两处房贷，还要照料两个孩子，而这对夫妇没能卖掉在明尼苏达州Big Lake的两居室加重了辛迪一家的经济负担，其中原文第二段第二句中的unable to sell their two—bedroom home in Big Lake与选项B对应。故答案为B。

3． Which of the following statements is CORRECT? A．Cindy had already had a keen interest in sustainability.

B．Cindy had developed a hobby of gardening before the recession. C．Cindy had seen the benefits of gardening in a different way. D．Cindy had already planned to meet the gardeners.

正确答案：C

解析：细节判断题。原文第四段讲到，经济萧条前辛迪并没有兴趣去种植饭桌上的食物，而为了节省开支，她开始种蔬菜和水果。再到后来，她不再将园艺种植、制作果酱仅仅当作省钱的生计，而是发现了真正的乐趣所在。也就是说，辛迪在此之前把园艺当作种种花草的休闲。故答案为C。

4． What does Cindy think of the difficult times she has gone through? A．It gave the couple and their kids a tough lesson. B．It left a lasting psychological impact on the family. C．It would come again and affect the family. D．It gave her confidence and optimism.

正确答案：D

解析：细节判断题。根据原文尾段的用词，如：resourceful(富于机智的，有策略的)，no longer easilydiscouraged(不那么容易沮丧)，feel proud(感到骄傲)，feel accomplished(有成就感)，moreconfident(更有信心)等，体现了辛迪经历的那段艰难时光带给她自信和乐观。故答案为D。

The Hero My mother’s parents came from Hungary, but my grandfather could trace his origin to Germany and also he was educated in Germany. Although he was able to hold a conversation in nine languages, he was most comfortable in German. Every morning, before going to his office, he read title German language newspaper, which was American owned and published in New York. My grandfather was the only one in his family to come to the United States with his wife and children. He still had relatives living in Europe. When the First World War broke out, he lamented the fact if my uncle, his only son had to go, it would be cousin fighting against cousin. In the early days of the war, my grandmother begged him to stop taking the German newspaper and to take an English language newspaper, instead. He scoffed at the idea, explaining that the fact it was in German did not make it a German newspaper, but only an American newspaper printed in German. But my grandmother insisted, for fear that the neighbors may see him read it and think he was German. So, he finally gave up the German newspaper. One day, the inevitable happened and my uncle Milton received notice to join the army. My grandparents were very upset, but my mother, his little sister, was excited. Now she could boast about her soldier brother going off to war. She was ten years old at the time, and my uncle, realizing how he was regarded by his little sister and her friends, went out and bought them all service pins, which meant that they had a loved one in the service. All the little girls were delighted. When the day came for him to leave, his whole regiment, in their uniforms, left together from the same train station. There was a band playing and my mother and her friends came to see him off. Each one wore her service pin and waved a small American flag, cheering the boys, as they left. The moment came and the soldiers, all very young, none of whom had any training, but who had nevertheless all been issued uniforms, boarded the train. The band played and the crowd cheered. The train groaned as if it knew the destiny to which it was taking its passengers, but it soon began to move. Still cheering and waving their lags, the band still playing, the train slowly departed the station. It had gone about a thousand yards when it suddenly ground to a halt. The band stopped playing, the crowd stopped cheering. Everyone gazed in wonder as the train slowly backed up and returned to the station, it seemed an eternity until the doors opened and the men started to file out. Someone shouted, “It’s the armistice. The war is over. “ For a moment, nobody moved, but then the people heard someone bark orders at the soldiers. The men lined up and formed into two lines. They walked down the steps and, with the band playing behind, paraded down the street, as returning heroes, to be welcomed home by the assembled crowd. The next day my uncle returned to his job, and my grandfather resumed reading the German newspaper, which he read until the day he died.

5． Where was the narrator’s family when this story took place? A．In Germany. B．In Hungary.

C．In the United States.

D．In New York.

正确答案：D

解析：细节判断题。根据原文首段尾句提到，作者的祖父坚持每天阅读German language newspaper，但这个报纸是在New York出版的，可判断他们当时居住在纽约。故答案为D。

6． His grandfather______.

A．could not speak and read English well enough B．knew nine languages equally well

C．knew a number of languages, but felt more kin to German D．loved German best because it made him think of home

正确答案：C

解析：细节事实题。根据原文首段第二句中的hold a conversation in，nine和most comfortable分别与选项C中的knew，a number of和felt more kin to对应，原句中的languages和German与选项C重现。故答案为C。

7． His grandmother did not want her husband to buy and read newspapers in German, because

A．it was war time and Germans were their enemy B．the neighbors would mistake them as pro-German C．it was easier to get newspapers in English in America

D．nobody else read newspapers in German during the war time

正确答案：B

解析：细节推断题。根据题干关键词grandmother定位到原文第二段倒数传第二句。原句中的theneighbors与选项B重现，原句中的think he was German与选项B中的mistake them as pro—German对应。故答案为B。

8． The narrator’s mother wanted her brother to go to fight in the war, because______.

A．like everybody else at the war time, she was very patriotic B．she hated the war and the Germans very much

C．all her friends had relatives in war and she wanted to be like them D．she liked to have a brother she could think of as a hero

正确答案：D 解析：细节推断题。根据题干关键词brother to go to fight in the war与原文第三段第三句中的brothergoing off to war对应，据此定位答案。原句中的boast about her soldier brother going off to war与选项D对应。故答案为D(她希望自己有个英雄哥哥)。

As one works with color in a practical or experimental way, one is

impressed by two apparently unrelated facts. Color as seen is a mobile changeable thing depending to a large extent on the relationship of the color to other colors seen simultaneously. It is not fixed in its relation to the direct stimulus which creates it. On the other hand, the properties of surfaces that give rise to color do not seem to change greatly under a wide variety of illumination colors, usually(but not always)looking much the same in artificial light as in daylight. Both of these effects seem to the due in large part to the mechanism of color adaptation mentioned earlier. When the eye is fixed on a colored area, there is an immediate readjustment of the sensitivity of the eye to color in and around the area viewed. This readjustment does not immediately affect the color seen but usually does affect the next area to which the gaze is shifted, the longer the time of viewing, the higher the intensity, and the larger the area, the greater the effect will be in terms of its persistence in the succeeding viewing situation. As indicated by the work of Wright and Schouten, it appears that, at least for a first approximation, full adaptation takes place over a very brief time if the adapting source is moderately bright and the eye has been in relative darkness just previously. As the stimulus is allowed to act, however, the effect, becomes more persistent in the sense that it takes the eye longer to regain its sensitivity to lower intensities. The net result is that, if the eye is so exposed and then the gaze is transferred to an area of lower intensity, the loss of sensitivity produced by the first area will still be present and appear as an “afterimage” super imposed on the second. The effect not only is present over the actual area causing the “local adaptation” , but also spreads with decreasing strength to adjoining areas of the eye to produce “ lateral adaptation”. Also, because of the persistence of the effect if the eye is shifted around from one object to another, all of which are at similar brightness or have similar colors, the adaptation will tend to become uniform over the whole eye.

9． This selection is concerned primarily with______. A．the eye’s adaptation to color B．the properties of colored surfaces C．the effect of changes in color intensity D．experiments on colored objects

正确答案：A

解析：主旨题。浏览全文可以判断本文主要讲述的是眼睛对色彩的适应。故答案为A。

10． Whether a colored object would, on two viewings separated in time, appear to the viewer as similar or different in color would depend mostly on______.

A．the color mechanism of the eye in use at the time of each viewing B．what kind of viewing had immediately preceded each of the viewings C．the properties of the surface being viewed

D．whether the object was seen in artificial or natural light

正确答案：C

解析：细节推断题。根据题干关键词similar or different in color定位到原文首段第四句。原句中的theproperties of surfaces与选项C重现。故答案为C。

11． If a person’s eye has been looking at an object in bright sunlight for some time, and then shifts to an object not well lit — such as a lawn or shrub in shadow — we can expect______.

A．a time lag in the focusing ability of the eye

B．the immediate loss of the “afterimage” of the first object C．some inability to see colors of the latter-named objects until loss of sensitivity has been regained

D．adaptation in the central area of the eye but little adaptation in the lateral areas to the new intensity level

正确答案：C 解析：细节推断题。根据题干关键词eye has been looking at an object in bright sunlight定位到原文尾段第五句。原句中的still be present and appear as an“afterimage”super imposed on the second与选项C对应。故答案为C。

12． The present selection has apparently been preceded by some explanation of______.

A．some experiments with color pigments B．the nature of color

C．the color properties of various surfaces D．the mechanism of eye’s adaptation to color

正确答案：D 解析：细节推断题。根据原文首段尾句中的the mechanism of color adaptation mentioned earlier与选项D对应，当前的选择显然一直以眼睛适应颜色的机能原理为前提。故答案为D。

In the opinion of many Americans and Europeans, we only began to really explore our world in the sixteenth century. According to them, the sailors of the ancient world did not explore distant parts of the world; they did not have the necessary knowledge or skills for long sea journeys. However, the people who have this opinion are forgetting two important facts of history. First, sometimes early scientists have an idea which is correct, but scientists in later centuries do not believe it. For example, about 270 B. C. , a Greek scientist had an idea which we all believe today. The earth moves around the sun. But for the following 1, 600 years scientists did not believe this. In their opinion, the sun clearly moved around the earth. They discovered the truth again only in the fifteenth century! The second fact of history that many people forget is this: Ancient does not mean primitive. For example, the ancient Egyptians knew a great deal about the stars; they used this knowledge to find their way across the oceans. Two thousand years ago a Greek scientist who lived in

Egypt calculated the distance around the earth. The results of his calculations were close to the real distance we know today! So the ancients had a great deal of scientific knowledge. They also had skills which equaled the skills of today. For example, 1,300 years ago and before, fishermen in Ireland built their boats of wood and leather. Today some fishermen in Ireland still make boats of the same design. They use tools and materials which are not very different from the tools and materials which their ancestors used. Why? The ancient design of the boats was good, and with skillful sailors, these boats can sail in all kinds of weather. Clearly long before the sixteenth century, people had the skill, the knowledge and the equipment which were necessary for long journeys by sea. The world did not have to wait until the sixteenth century for its first explorers!

13． Which of the following statements is consistent with the passage?

A．According to the writer, we only began to really explore the world in the sixteenth century.

B．In the history of science, people sometimes have to discover a fact a second time.

C．The ancient Egyptians had very little knowledge about the stars.

D．The writer agrees with many Americans and Europeans except for the two facts mentioned in the passage.

正确答案：B

解析：细节判断题。根据原文第二段列举的The earth moves around the sun争论的例子是为了说明段首的观点，与选项B对应。故答案为B。

14． Why does the writer use the example of the Greek scientist who calculated the distance around the world?

A．He wants to show the primitive knowledge of ancient scientists.

B．He wants to give an example of something which later scientists did not believe.

C．He wants to give an example of scientific knowledge which was available to early explorers.

D．He wants to show that science has not been developing significantly.

正确答案：C

解析：细节推断题。根据题干关键词calculated the distance around the world定位到原文第三段。作者在第三段给出埃及和希腊的例子，是为了证明第三段段首的观点Ancient does not mean primitive，与选项C对应。故答案为C。

15． According to the writer, why do Irish fishermen still use boats like the boats which their ancestors used 1,000 years ago?

A．Boats made of wood or leather are light and fast. B．The necessary materials are easily available.

C．They don’t have the money for expensive boats. D．The design of the boats is very good.

正确答案：D

解析：细节事实题。根据题干关键词Irish fishermen定位到原文第三段第七句。答案在第三段尾句，原句中的The ancient design of the boats was good与选项D对应。故答案为D。

16． “People from the ancient world sailed around Africa. They even reached America. “ In your opinion, how would the writer of the passage feel about these ideas?

A．He has used this as an important fact to praise ancient civilization. B．He does not believe them.

C．In his opinion, ancient explorers did not have the skills necessary for long journeys.

D．In his opinion, they are possible.

正确答案：D

解析：细节推断题。根据题干关键词sailed定位到原文尾段。从尾段可以判断作者认为早期人们有远航探索所需的必备条件，因此进行远航探索是可能的。故答案为D。

The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others has been the focus of recent research into the moral development of children. Until recently, child psychologists supported pioneer developmentalist Jean. Piaget in his hypothesis that because of their immaturity, children under age seven do not take into account the intentions of a person committing accidental or deliberate harm, but rather simply assign punishment for on the basis of the magnitude of the negative consequences caused. According to Piaget, children under age seven occupy the first stage of moral development, which is characterized by moral absolutism(rules made by authorities must be obeyed)and imminent justice(if rules are broken, punishment will be meted out). Until young children mature, their moral judgments are based entirely on the effect rather than the cause of a transgression. However, in recent research, Keasey found that six-year-old children not only distinguish between accidental and intentional harm, but also judge intentional harm as naughtier, regardless of the amount of damage produced. Both of these findings seem to indicate that children, at an earlier age than Piaget claimed, advance into the second stage of moral development, moral autonomy, in which they accept social rules but view them as more arbitrary than do children in the first stage. Keasey’s research raises two key questions for developmental psychologists about children under age seven: do they recognize justifications for harmful actions, and do they make distinctions between harmful acts that are preventable and those acts that have unforeseen harmful consequences? Studies indicate that justifications excusing harmful actions might include public duty, self-defense, and provocation. For example,

Nesdale and Rule concluded that children were capable of considering whether or not an aggressor’s action was justified by public duty: five year olds reacted very differently to “Bonnie wrecks Ann’s pretend house” depending on whether Bonnie did it “so somebody won’t fall over it” or because Bonnie wanted “to make Ann feel bad”. Thus, a child of five begins to understand that certain harmful actions, though intentional, can be justified; the constraints of moral absolutism no longer solely guide their judgments. Psychologists have determined that during kindergarten children learn to make distinctions involving harm. Darley observed that among acts involving unintentional harm, six-year-old children just entering kindergarten could not differentiate between foreseeable, and thus preventable, harm and unforeseeable harm for which the perpetrator cannot be blamed. Seven months later, however, Darley found that these same children could make both distinctions, thus demonstrating that they had become morally autonomous.

17． Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole? A．An outline for future research.

B．An expanded definition of commonly misunderstood terms. C．An analysis of a dispute between two theorists.

D．A discussion of research finding in an ongoing inquiry.

正确答案：D

解析：主旨题。本文提出长久以来的研究The age at which young children begin to make moraldiscriminations，并讲述了Keasey的新发现，因此本文是对一个尚在研究的问题的一种讨论。故答案为D。

18． According to the passage, Darley found that after seven months of kindergarten six year olds acquired which of the following abilities?

A．Differentiating between foreseeable and unforeseeable harm. B．Identifying with the perpetrator of a harmful action. C．Justifying harmful actions that result from provocation.

D．Evaluating the magnitude of negative consequences resulting from the breaking of rules.

正确答案：A

解析：细节推断题。根据题干关键词Darley，six year olds定位到原文尾段第二句。原句提到几个月后他发现孩子们具备了一种能力，指的就是开始不具备的differentiate between foreseeable…harm andunforeseeable harm能力。故答案为A。

19． According to the passage, Piaget and Keasey would not have agreed on which of following points?

A．The kinds of excuses children give for harmful acts they commit.

B．The age at which children begin to discriminate between intentional and

unintentional harm.

C．The Intentions children have in perpetrating harm.

D．The circumstances under which children punish harmful acts.

正确答案：B 解析：细节对比题。原文首段第三句提到Piaget认为7岁的孩子尚不能区分有意和无意伤害，而原文首段第六句提到Keasey则认为6岁的孩子就可以区分了。由此可以判断，两人在对儿童识别有意和无意伤害的年龄上有分歧。故答案为B。

20． It can be inferred from the passage that Piaget would be likely to agree with which of the following statements about the punishment that children under seven assign to wrongdoing?

A．The severity of the assigned punishment is determined by the perceived magnitude of negative consequences more than by any other factor.

B．The punishment is to be administered immediately following the transgression.

C．The children assign punishment less arbitrarily than they do when they reach the age of moral autonomy.

D．The punishment for acts of unintentional harm is less severe than it is for acts involving accidental harm.

正确答案：A

解析：细节推断题。根据题干关键词Piaget，children under seven assign to wrongdoing定位到原文首段第三句。原句中的assign punishment和on the basis of分别与选项A中的assigned punishment和isdetermined by对应，原句中的magnitude和negative consequences与选项A重现，在Piaget看来，7岁以下的孩子只会根据所造成的负面影响的大小来对所做的行为加以惩罚。故答案为A。

English-Chinese Translation

The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. 【T1】Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law. If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. 【T2】On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and

comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career. 【T3】But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. 【T4】In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories. Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. 【T5】While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.

21． 【T1】

正确答案：长久以来，法律知识在这类学校里一直被视为是律师们专有的，而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。

22． 【T2】

正确答案：另一方面，这一学科把这些概念结合到日常牛活中，这与新闻记者每天报道和评论新闻的做法是相同的。

23． 【T3】

正确答案：新闻记者应比普通公民更加透彻地了解法律，而这种看法是基于他们对新闻媒体业已确立的规约和特殊责任的理解。

24． 【T4】

正确答案：事实上，很难没想那些对加拿大宪法的基本要点缺乏清晰了解的新闻记者何以能胜任政治新闻的报道工作。

25． 【T5】

正确答案：尽管律师的见解和反应会提高报道的质量，但新闻记者最好凭借他们自己对重要性的理解自行作出判断。

Chinese-English Translation

26． 在美国历史上人们最津津乐道的政治问题恐怕就是法律与秩序。但令人感到痛心的是，显然有数百万美国人从来没有想到过自己会是违法者，更不用说是犯罪分子了，他们越来越不把那些旨在保护他们社会的法律条文放在心上。如今，人们随手乱扔垃圾、偷税漏税、发出违禁噪音，以及开车时表现出来的无政府状态，可谓是司空见惯。有时不由使人觉得，藐视法令者竟可代表未来的潮流了。哈佛大学的社会学家戴维·里斯曼认为：大多数美国人漫不经心地把犯点所谓的小错误当做是理所当然的。他还认为：今天美国社会道德准则已出现“只有傻瓜才守法”的危险倾向了。

正确答案： Law and order are undoubtedly the most favorably discussed political problem in American history. To our heartache, however, obviously the thought of being a violator has never been occurred to millions of Americans, let alone a criminal. They are increasingly putting aside the law aimed at protecting their society. Nowadays, it is not surprising to see that throwing litter here and there, tax evasion, making illegal noises, and the anarchy displayed during driving. Sometimes we can not help wondering that those who contempt the law represent the future trends. David Riesman, sociologist from Harvard University, points out: It is unmindfully taken for granted to make so-called small mistake by most Americans. He also holds that a dangerous tendency has appeared in current American society, which is only the fools abiding by the laws.

Writing

27． With the difficulty of finding a perfect job, there is an increasing favor of getting a master’s degree nowadays. Someone said that master’s degree is essential with the development of the society and others hold the opinion that it is more important to have working experience rather than spending 3 years on campus. What do you think ? You are required to make comments on this topic about 200 words. Don’t forget to give a title to your comments. Please write your short essay on the ANWER SHEET.

正确答案： Enthusiasm for a Master’s Degree Why do I decide: to stay on the “assembly-line” to study for two or three years more? The purpose of my acquiring another degree, like that of other thousands, is totally practical. First, there is recognition that a candidate with a master’s degree will have a competitive advantage over those with a bachelor’s degree. Now things are quite different: the number has peaked 65 percent and approached a surplus. Consequently, many companies set a much higher standard for new recruits than ever. Second, the higher education you have, the higher salary you will receive. This is inevitable because ours is a society where one’s income is still determined by the knowledge you possess. Just look at some big companies which compete against each other to recruit skilled personnel. Tempting salaries and “ fringe benefits” are often offered by those

executive-searching firms to highly skilled persons. With more credentials, your chances are bigger. Third, more knowledge means more opportunities. The day of holding only one lifetime career may be almost over. All too often, change throws hundreds in a particular field out of work. More academic studies will help equip you with more knowledge and skills. Then if conditions change, you can slip with comparative ease from one field into another, avoiding the pain of waking up to find yourself out of job. With the growing number of college graduates being turned out each year, the situation in the job market is getting tighter and tighter. Obviously, public awareness of the situation has created a surge of interest in a master’s degree.