外研社八年级英语下册语法专题复习

语法专题

Module 1

简单句：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成。 一. 五种基本句型：

1． 主语＋系动词＋表语 （S+V+P）He is happy.

2． 主语＋不及物动词＋（状语） ( S+V ) He is swimming.

3． 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋（状语） ( S+V+O ) I saw him just now.

4． 主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ( S+V+IO+DO ) She lent me a bike, 主语＋及物动词＋直接宾语＋间接宾语 ( S+V+DO+IO ) She lent a bike to me. 5． 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语 ( S+V+O+OC) The good news made us happy.

二. 练习：写出下列句子的基本成分。

1． He likes music very much. 2． The soup tastes salty. 3． She works very hard.

4． My teacher asked me to come a little earlier next time. 5． My father bought me a computer.

Module 2

宾语从句：是一个复合句，复合句也称主从句，即主句和从句。 1. 定义：在句子充当宾语的从句 如：He says that he is going to the cinema.

The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. 2. 结构：

（1）主句+that+从句（that没有意义,可省略） （2）主句+if/ whether…or not （是否）+从句

（3）主句+疑问词（what，where，how，why…）+从句

如：I believe （that） we will become good friends.我相信我们会成为好朋友。

He asks whether/ if we will go fishing on Sunday.他问周日我们是否会出去钓鱼。

I understand why they like computer games so much.我理解他们为什么如此喜欢电脑游戏。 3. 时态：

（1）主句是一般现在时，从句可以是任何时态。

I hear that Peter bought a new computer yesterday.(主句用一般现在时，从句用过去时)

Tom wants to know what his brother will do next Sunday.（主句用一般现在时，从句用将来时） The little girl can show me where she lives.(主句用一般现在时，从句也用一般现在时) 2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用过去的某种时态

如：David told me that he was very tired.（主句用一般过去过去时，从句也用过去时） 3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：

如：The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.（主句用一般过去时，从句用现在时）

如何改为宾语从句（三关）

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1. 引导词关

①陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）； ②一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；

③特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。 2. 语序关

①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如： He is an honest boy. The teacher said.

→The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.

②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如： Does he work hard？I wonder.

→I wonder if/whether he works hard. When did he leave？I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left. 3. 时态关

①如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：

②如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如：

注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。 练习题

1. Miss Green didn’t tell us _____ in 2002.

A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived 2.I don’t know when ____.

A.will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave 3.---We don’t know _____.

---It is said that he was born in Sweden.

A. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country is he from

4. We're not sure if it ___________ tomorrow. If it ___________，we won’t climb the South Hill. A. will snow；snows B. will snow；will snow C. snows；snows D. snows；will snow Module 3

动词不定式（to do）和动名词（v-ing）

有些动词后面需加to do或-ing来把意思补充完整。接to do的单词多为 “打算”、“计划”、“希望”之类的动词，而这些动词都表示未来。接-ing形式的动词要么表示是正在进行，要么表示一般性或经常性行为。有的动词既可以接to do，也可以接-ving。 一. 接to do的动词有:

(1）四个希望两答应：hope/ want/ wish/ would like to----agree/ promise (2)两个要求加拒绝：demand/ ask/ refuse (3)设法学会做决定：manage/ learn/ decide (4) 不要假装在选择：pretend/ choose

二. 接-ing的动词有：enjoy/ finish/ practise/ keep/ be busy/ feel like doing sth 三. 既可以接to do，也可以接-ving的动词有hate, like, love, begin/start（意思一样），remember, forget, continue/ go on, stop, try,mean， regret（意思不一样）

Remember to do sth 记得去做某事 remember doing sth 记得做过某事 Forget to do sth 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth忘记做过某事 Stop to do sth 停止正在做的事去做另一件事 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事

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Continue/ go on to do 继续做另一件事 Continue/ go on doing sth 停止正在做的事 Try to do sth 努力设法做某事 try doing sth 试着做某事 Mean to do sth 意味着做某事 mean doing sth 打算做某事

Regret to do sth 对将要做的事表示遗憾 regret doing sth 对已做的事感到后悔 四. 练习：用所给词的适当形式填空。

1. Would you like _____________ (have) a cup of tea? 2. I’m very tired, let’s stop _____________ (have) a rest.

3. I asked why he smiled, but he couldn’t remember _________________ (smile) at me. 4. He wants _____________ (buy) a new bike.

5. You must keep _______________ (practice) ______________ (speak) English every day. 6. Have you finished _____________ (read) the book?

7. I decide ______________ (visit) the Great Wall this holiday. 8. My sister enjoys _______________ (listen) to music. 9. He learnt ______________ (swim) all by himself. 10. My father agreed ____________ (buy) me a computer. 11. I forgot _____________ (close) the door yesterday. 12. I hate ______________ (lose).

13. The teacher is coming, we stop _____________. (talk) 14. We tried ______________ (finish) the work on time.

15. Sally refused ______________ (play) during the final practice. 16. He offers ____________ (help) me with the work. 17. She can’t afford ______________ (buy) a dictionary. 18. I hope _____________ (go) abroad.

19. Da Wei asked ____________ (play) the computer game on my father’s computer. 20. He started _______________ (make) his own radio programmer at the age of fifteen.

Module 4-5

由if（如果）引导的条件状语从句（在某种条件下某事可能发生）

1. 句子结构

（1） If从句+主句

（2） If从句+祈使句（以动词原形开头）

2. 位置：if从句可放句首，也可放主句后面; 若If条件句放句首，从句可加逗号 。 如：Print the text if you like it.= If you like the text, print it. 3. 时态变化

（1） 如果主句是一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时。（主将从现）

如：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the great wall. (2)如果主句是其它时态，从句与主句时态保持一致。 e.g.:If you finish eating, you may leave the table. 4.练习题

If you (want) to say something, (hand) up, please.

= If Lily (receive) the gift, she (be) very happy. = 源-于-网-络-收-集

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If she (get) up late, she (not catch) the bus.

= =She should , or

二、 感叹句 (多......啊!)

1. What +（ a/an/.）.. + adj. + n. (+ 主语 + be)! e.g.: clean classroom it ! honest kid Tom ! terrible news this ! fantastic concerts they !

2. How + adj. + 主语 (the + n. /人名/代词) + be! e.g.: 改写上面的句子.

Module 6

直接引语和间接引语（1）一般陈述句

1.直接引语：直接引述别人的原话，通常用引号“ ”括起来 如：Mr Black said ，“I’m very busy.”

2.间接引语：用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，多数情况下构成“that引导的宾语从句” 如：Mr Black said that he was very busy.

3.一般陈述句 把直接引语变成间接引语要考虑以下几种因素：人称，时态，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语 等

（1）人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新

如：1. 直引：She said,“ I like Tennis.”-----间引：She said that she liked tennis.

2.He said to Lily,“ You must get up early.”-------He told Lily that she must get up early. 3.She said to me ,“ They want to help him.”-----She told me that they wanted to help him. （2）时态的变化：

A. 主句的谓语动词一般现在时，从句的动词也是一般现在时。 如：She says, “I love Spring very much.” She says (that) she loves Spring very much.

B．主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的动词是过去的某种时态，除非是客观真理，常用一般现在时

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如：She said, “I like singing. ”---She said（that） she liked singing.

She said, “I have never met an American.”---She said she had never met an American. （3）其他变化形式： 指示代词 this--that these-those 4. 练习题：

时间状语 now--then today—that day tonight—that night 地点状语 here--there 动词 come--go bring—take

tomorrow—the next day Module 7

直接引语和间接引语（1）祈使句，一般疑问句，特殊疑问句 1. 直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语应考虑的因素：

ask/tell sb (not) to do sth-----人称，时态，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语 等 如：（1）“Go and wash your hands.”Mother said to Tom.

Mother asked/told Tom to go and wash his hands. （2） She said to Tony, “Don’t go close to the bears”

She told/asked Tony not to go close to the bears.

2. 直接引语是一般疑问句（以be动词，情态动词，助动词开头的问句）, 变成间接引语应考虑的因

素：

用if/whether 引导----主句的动词是said,改为asked---主句没有宾语要加宾语（me，him,us..） ---把一般疑问句变成陈述语序----人称，时态，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语 等 如：He said, “ Are you ready?” ----He asked (us) if we were ready.

Jack asked, “Did you know Mike?”----Jack asked me whether/if I knew Mike. 3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句（以特殊以特殊疑问词引导的问句）， 变成间接引语应考虑的因素： 原来的疑问词引导----主句的动词是said,改为asked---主句没有宾语要加宾语（me，him,us..） ---把一般疑问句变成陈述语序----人称，时态，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语 等 如：What do you want?” She asked me .------She asked me what I wanted.

She said to Tony, “How are you feeling now?”-----She asked Tony how he was feeling then. 4. 直接引语是why don’t/ not….， 变成间接引语应考虑的因素：

Suggest/ advise that ….(should)…-----人称，时态，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语 等 如：Lingling said, “ Why don’t we go to one of our national parks to relax?”

Lingling suggested/ advised that they should go to one of their natinal parks to relax. 5 练习题

1)“ These flowers are from Guangdong.” He said.

He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong. 2) “Light travels faster than sound.” My teacher told me. My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound. 3) Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys.

He asked the boys _______ they ______ fried chicken.

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4).“Do you want to try something new。” Tom's mother asked him.

Tom's mother asked him________ ________ ________to try something new. 5)What's his name? I asked him.

I asked him what _______ _______ _______.

6）Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know.

I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai. Module 8

时间状语从句

1.when 和while（当。。。的时候） 连接的时间状语从句

（1） when 后接短暂性和延续性动词

（2） while 后接延续性动词，且延续性动词常用进行时态

如：When I got home, I found mother cooking for me.我到家时，发现妈妈在为我做饭。

While they are waiting for the New Year, they listen to music and sing songs. 在等新年到来的一段时间里，他们听音乐和唱歌。

2. before (在…之前)和after(在…之后)连接的时间状语从句 如：妈妈总是在我放学回家前把晚饭准备好。

Mother always prepares supper before I come back from school.

我昨晚功课就和你出去。I will go out with you after I finish my homework. 3. as soon as（一…就）连接的时间状语从句（强调动作紧密相连） （1）时态：主将从现（主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时）

如：I will call you as soon so I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就打电话给你 4. until（直到），not 。。。until(直到。。。才)连接的时间状语从句 如：他一直等到所有人都走了。He waited until all the people left.

直到妈妈回家后我才上床睡觉。I don’t go to bed until Mum came back. Module 9

原因状语从句、目的状语从句和结果状语从句

1. because（因为）连接的原因状语从句

如：他因为有病，没有参加晚会。He didn’t come to the eveing party because he was ill. 2. so that（目的是/为的是）连接的原因状语从句, 通常与can，could等情态动词连用 如：我很早就起床了以便能按时到校I got up very early so that I could get to school on time. 3. so(所以，因此)连接的时间状语从句

如：他工作太辛苦，所以又病倒了。He worked very hard so he fell ill again. Module 10

1. 如此..以至于so… that…/ such… that…表示程度结果的状语从句

（1）So+形容词或副词+that （2）Such+名词/名词短语+ that

如：这个小男孩是如此地可爱以至于我们都喜欢他

The little boy is so lovely that we all like him.(lovely是形容词，所以用so) The little boy is such a lovely boy that we all like him. (boy是一个名词，虽然有形容词lovely，但它是修饰名词boy的，所以用such)

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（3）如此（so和such）的用法： A．such a/ an +形容词+单数可数名词； B. so +形容词+a/an+单数名词。

如：如此漂亮的一个女孩：such a beautiful girl = so beautiful a girl (4) so还可以和many,much连用，such不能 A，So +many/few+可数名词复数+that从句

B．So+ much/ little +不可数名词+that 从句

2. Although/though（虽然）/ but(但是)连接的/让步状语从句 如：Although/ Though she can’t go to school, she still want to study. = She can’t go to school, but she still want to study.

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