备战2020高考英语专题-名词-巩固提升练习(含解析)

备战2020高考英语专题-名词-巩固提升练习（含解析）

一、单选题

1.Even nowadays some schools in many poor rural places still have no _____ to computers for the latest information.

A. approach B. ability C. access D. need 2.In order to _______ a good knowledge of English, he gave up his job and went to study in an English school.

A. require B. inquire C. acquire D. address 3.The meeting was _______. Many people were for our plan.

A. a success B. success C. succeed D. failure 4.The river marks the _______ between Mexico and the USA. A.barrier B.bond C.border D.edge

5.We most prefer to say yes to the ________ of someone we know and like. A. attempts B. requests C. doubts D. promises 6.Tony gave Claire a new and changed the makeup she wore.

A. housewife B. haircut C. handle D. helmet 7.—Which________will you enter for in the sports meeting? —I'm considering. It’s hard to choose from.

A. affairs B. events C. competitions D. sports 8.Nowadays, an increasing number of museums are open to visitors free. However, free ______ might lead to some social problems as well.

A. accommodation B. attraction C. admission D. adjustment 9.You are really very kind.I'll never forget the ________you have done to me. A. favour B. deed C. help D. good 10.He speaks English fluently. And it's said that he showed great for language at an early age.

A. preference B. appetite C. talent D. admiration 11.—I have the ____ that we have met once before.

— So we have. At a ball two years ago, remember now?

A. view B. relation C. influence D. impression 12.She enjoyed the excitement of her work. Money was not her only _____________. A. breakthrough B. performance C. career D. motivation

13.The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct ________ in applying for a visa. A. pattern B. procedure C. program D. perspective

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14.It made our head teacher angry ________ Wang Lin，without the ________ from the school，was absent from class for a week.

A. that；permission B. which；permit C. which；permission D. that；permit 15.Many educators are in favor of the necessity of punishment, which is vital to help children learn _______ between right and wrong at an early age.

A. discrimination B. distribution C. restriction D. revolution 16.The ________ reminded me of a snow night twenty years before. A. scenery B. scene C. spot D. position 17.There left in the kitchen so far.

A. is two kilograms of meat B. are two kilograms of meats C. were two kilograms of meats D. was two kilograms of meat

18.The new law has come into________；surely it will have ________on industry of the country. A. affect；an effect B. effect；affect C. effect；an effect D. an effect；an effect 19.The company has got from many users both at home and abroad for top-quality products and services.

A. benefit B. apology C. credit D. envy 20.— Have you heard of China's _________ for the 2026 World Cup?

— It's not officially confirmed yet. The committee are _________ it over. A. effort; blowing B. bid; talking C. bid; blowing D. effort; talking 21.It's not my________ she didn't come!

A. fake B. faith C. fault D. favor 22.Don't give up, Tony. If you have a try, the ____ are that you will get the job. A. results B. chances C. reasons D. choices 23.Over years，scientists have made a great________in the treatment of cancer. A. break­in B. breakthrough C. break­up D. breakdown 24.People with simple names enjoy quicker career advancement because names which are hard to pronounce inspire negative _______ from superiors.

A. consideration B. consequences C. expectations D. reactions 25.—Is David a man with good _________?

—I don't think so. As a matter of fact, he is anything but polite.

A. methods B. ways C. manners D. approaches 26.When Jane realized how rude she was to Jenny, she was filled with _______ and apologized several times.

A. anxiety B. anger C. surprise D. shame 27.It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any ________.

A. symptom B. similarity C. sample D. shadow 28.Remember that ______ is better than cure, so brush your teeth at least twice a day and visit your dentist for regular check-ups.

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A. priority B. privilege C. principle D. prevention 29.I'm happy to see great______ have taken place in my hometown. Many new roads have been built.

A. experiences B. memories C. changes D. promises 30.Many people in Haiti died from the earthquake because they didn't have_______ to immediate rescue.

A. access B. approach C. admission D. attention 31.The village is far away from her indeed. It's ______ walk.

A. a four hour B. a four hour's C. a four-hours D. a four hours' 32.Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000,a(n)______of 40,000 per year.

A. average B. number C. amount D. quantity 33.After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide ______for the homeless families.

A. accommodation B. occupation C. equipment D. furniture

二、语法填空

34.She had a chance to see the ________ (compete) before the interview. 35.You cannot leave the room without the teacher's ________(permit).

36.Does it make any ________(different) whether we have a meeting today or tomorrow? 37.Women have yet to achieve full ________ (equal) with men in the workplace. 38.Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of ________(concentrate).

39.Who is responsible for the ________ (operate) of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers.

40.—I've passed the English examination. — ________ (congratulate).

41.Young people make their parents angry with their ________(choose) in clothes, in entertainment and in music.

42.When someone ________ others on their success，he or she usually says “________”．(congratulate)

43.Living on her own in a foreign country for a year gave her a lot of ________ (confident).

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答案

一、单选题 1.【答案】C

【解析】【分析】句意：即使在当今，许多位于贫困乡区的学校仍然无法接近电脑来获得最新的信息。have no access to 固定短语，”无法接近“，选C。

【点评】考查名词辨析，区分approach，ability，access，need的含义，以及短语have no access to。

2.【答案】C

【解析】【分析】考查词义辨析。A.需要；命令 B.询问；查究 C.获得；学到 D. 演说；忙于。句意：为了学到更好的英语知识，他放弃了工作去一所英语学校学习。故选C。 【点评】考查词义辨析 3.【答案】A

【解析】【分析】句意：这次会议是个成功的会议。许多人支持我们的计划。success作名词时可为可数名词，也可作为不可数名词。作不可数名词时，为“成功”之意；作为可数名词时，为“成功者，成功的人或事”之意。succeed是动词，“成功”。failture，“失败，失败的的事（人）”。故选A。

【点评】考查名词，本题涉及抽象名词具体化的应用。 4.【答案】C

【解析】【分析】句意：这条河标志着墨西哥和USA.之间的边界。barrier“屏障; 障碍，栅栏”；bond“纽带，联系，保释金”；border“边界，边”；edge“边， 优势，边缘”。可知选C。 【点评】考查名词词义辨析，区分barrier；bond；border；edge的含义。 5.【答案】B

【解析】【分析】句意：对于我们认识和喜欢的人的请求我们大多喜欢说可以。A.attempts“尝试”；B. requests“请求”；C.doubts“怀疑”；D.promises“承诺”。根据句意故选B。 【点评】考查名词，区分attempt；request；doubt；promise的含义。 6.【答案】B

【解析】【分析】本题考查名词的词义辨析。A. housewife 家庭妇女；B. haircut发型，理发；C. handle把手；D. helmet头盔。句意：托尼给克莱尔换了个发型，并改变了她的化妆风格。根据句意可知选B。 7.【答案】B

【解析】【分析】event在此意为“赛事，比赛项目”。affair事件；competition竞赛；sport运动。 8.【答案】C

【解析】【分析】考查名词。A. accommodation住处， 适应 ；B. attraction 引人注意的东西，有趣的东西；C. admission承认，准许进入；D. adjustment调解，调整。句意：如今，越来越多的博物馆免费向参观者开放。然而，免费入场也可能导致一些社会问题。故选C。 9.【答案】A

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【解析】【分析】本题主要是对词义及搭配的考查。favor的意思是“恩惠，善意的行为”。do sb a favor或do a favor for sb的意思是“帮某人一个忙”，因此本题的正确答案选A。 10.【答案】C

【解析】【分析】考查名词辨析。句意：他英语说得很流利。据说他在很小的时候就表现出了很高的语言天赋。Talent“天赋,天资”符合句意。preference“偏爱,偏好”；appetite“强烈欲望”；admiration “钦佩，羡慕”。故选C.

【点评】对于此类题，首先理解句意，找出关键词，仔细分析句子成分。再根据各选项的意义和特点 注意题干的语境，区别每个名词的具体含义和搭配。使句子意思通顺，符合逻辑。 11.【答案】D

【解析】【分析】句意：—我有印象我们以前见过一次。—确实见过，在两年前的一次舞会上，现在还记得吗？A. view “视野，风景”；B. relation “关系，叙述”；C. influence“影响”；D. impression“印象”。此处指有印象，故选D。

【点评】考查名词辨析，区分view，relation，influence，impression的含义。 12.【答案】D

【解析】【分析】句意：她很享受工作时的兴奋感。钱不是她唯一的动力。根据前面提到的excitement可知，该空指的是动力。A. breakthrough “突破”； B. performance“表演”；C. career “事业”； D. motivation“动力”。故选D。

【点评】考查名词词义辨析，区分breakthrough；performance；career；motivation的含义。 13.【答案】B

【解析】【分析】句意：这位坚持认定Michael没有按照正确的程序申请签证。A.pattern“模式”；B.procedure“程序”；C.program“节目”；D.perspective“远景”。根据句意，选B。 【点评】考查名词辨析，区分pattern，procedure，program，perspective的含义。 14.【答案】A

【解析】【分析】考查主语从句和名词。句意：王琳未经学校允许旷课一周，这使我们的校长很生气。it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句，而且引导词在从句中不作成分，故应用that引导。permission“允许，许可”；permit“许可证”。根据句意可知选A。 15.【答案】A

【解析】【分析】句意：很多教育者都赞成惩罚的必要性，这对于帮助儿童在很小的时候就学会分辨是非是至关重要的。discrimination“歧视，鉴赏力，辨别”；distribution“分布，分发，分配”；restriction“，约束，束缚”；revolution“”。故选A。

【点评】考查名词，区分discrimination；distribution；restriction；revolution的含义。 16.【答案】B

【解析】【分析】句意：这场景让我想起了二十年前的一个下雪的夜晚。A. scenery”风景“；B. scene”场景“；C. spot” 地点“；D. position”位置“。故选B。

【点评】考查名词辨析，区分scenery，scene，spot，position的含义。 17.【答案】D

【解析】【分析】句意：目前为止，仍然有两千克肉留在冰箱里。根据so far可知为 一般过去时，meat，肉，不可数名词，没有复数形式，be动词用was，故选D。 【点评】考查不可数名词，注意不可数名词的用法。

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18.【答案】C

【解析】【分析】句意：新的法律已经生效了，当然会对这个国家的工业有影响。come into effect固定短语，“开始生效”，have effect on固定短语，“对....有影响”。故选C。【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语come into effect和have effect on。 19.【答案】C

【解析】【分析】句意：该公司因为其优质的产品和服务而得到国内外用户的信任。考查名词。benefit利益，好处；apology道歉，make an apology to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉；credit信誉，信用，get credit for因……而得到好评；envy羡慕，嫉妒，妒忌。根据句意，故答案为C。

【点评】对于此类题目，首先要对句意充分理解和每个名词所表达的意思或所形成的固定搭配，根据句意和搭配选出符合句意的选项。 20.【答案】B

【解析】【分析】句意：你听说中国已经成功申请2026年的世界杯了吗？官方还没有确认。委员会正在讨论这个问题。 effort for为……努力； bid for许诺获得支持。 talk over商议 blow over 平息； 停止 。故选B。

【点评】考查名词词义与动词短语搭配。注意掌握动词短语的词义，提高熟悉程度，结合语境运用。 21.【答案】C

【解析】【分析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她没来不是我的错！fake“冒充，诈骗”；faith“信用，信任”；faul“t过错，责任”；favor“好感，宠爱”。根据题意，故选C。

【点评】本题要求考生在理解句义的基础上，进一步牢固掌握名词的用法以及选项中四个名词的含义和用法。 22.【答案】B

【解析】【分析】句意：托尼不要放弃，如果你试一试，你就有可能得到这份工作。A. results “结果”； B. chances “机会”；C. reasons “原因”； D. choices “选择”。根据the chances are that=be likely that可以推断出答案，故选B。

【点评】考查名词辨析，区分result，chance，reason，choice的含义。 23.【答案】B

【解析】【分析】考查单词意思辨析。A项“非法进入，闯入”；B项“突破”；C项“破裂”；D项“失败，损坏”。根据句意“在过 去的几年里，科学家在癌症的治疗上已经取得了重大突破”。故答案为B。 24.【答案】D

【解析】【分析】考查名词辨析。A. consideration考虑，斟酌； B. consequence结果，后果；C. expectation期待；D. reactions反应。句意：名字简单的人会享受到更快的职业晋升，因为难读的名字会引起上级消极的反应(reactions)(名字简单的人更容易得到升职，因为难读的名字会令上司反感。)。故选D。 25.【答案】C

【解析】【分析】句意：——大卫是一个举止优雅的男士吗?—我并不这么认为，实际上来说，除了举止优雅之外他并无所长。A.method“方法，方式”，通常情况下和with搭配；B.ways“方

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法，途径”，通常情况下和to搭配；C.manner“行为”，多指和言行礼仪相关的行为相关。D.approach意为“方法，途径，接近”，通常情况下和to搭配。故选C。 【点评】考查名词，区分method；way；manner；approache的含义和应用。 26.【答案】D

【解析】【分析】句意：当Jane意识到她对Jenny是多模粗鲁时，她充满了羞愧，并几次道歉。A. anxiety“焦虑”； B. anger“生气”；C. surprise“惊讶”； D. shame“羞愧”。故选D。 【点评】考查名词，区分anxiety，anger，surprise，shame的含义。 27.【答案】A

【解析】【分析】句意：定期检查眼睛看看是否有眼疾症状很重要。A.symptom“症状”；B. similarity“类似”；C. sample“样本”；D.shadow“阴影”。根据句意，选A。 【点评】考查名词辨析，区分symptom，similarity，sample，shadow的含义。 28.【答案】D

【解析】【分析】考查名词。A. priority优先，优先权； B. privilege特权；C. principle原则；D. prevention预防。句意：记住，预防胜于补救，所以每天至少要刷两次牙，并且要定期做牙科检查。故选D。 29.【答案】C

【解析】【分析】考查名词。句意：看到家乡发生了巨大变化我很高兴。修建了许多新的道路。experiences“经历”；memories“记忆”；changes“变化”；promises“诺言”。根据句意，选C。 【点评】本题要求考生在理解句义的基础上，进一步牢固掌握选项中四个名词的含义和用法。 30.【答案】A

【解析】【分析】句意：海地的人死于地震因为没有得到及时的救援。access“获得.....的机会”；admission“入场（券）”；approach“方法，途径” ； attention“注意”。have access to固定短语，“有获得......的机会”，选A。

【点评】考查名词辨析，以及固定短语have access to。 31.【答案】D

【解析】【分析】句意：这个村庄真的离她很远。要走4小时。four hours' 表示所有格，四个小时的......。表示时间，距离，国家，城市，团体，机构等无生命属性的名词，也可以加's构成所有格，故选D。

【点评】考查名词所有格，本题涉及无生命属性的名词的所有格的应用。 32.【答案】A

【解析】【分析】句意：去年毕业时有驾照的学生数量已达到20万，平均每年4万。average“平均，平均数”；a number of“许多，大量”，修饰可数名词；an amount of“许多，大量”，修饰不可数名词；a quantity of“许多，大量”，修饰可数名词和不可数名词。 根据句意，应选A项。

【点评】本题要求考生在理解句义的基础上，进一步牢固掌握average、number、amount、quantity四个名词的含义和用法。 33.【答案】A

【解析】【分析】句意：在地震之后，当地做的第一件事就是给无家可归的家庭提供食宿。A.accommodation”食宿“；B. occupation”职业“；C. equipment”设备“；D. furniture”家具“。

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根据空后homeless判断，选A。

【点评】考查名词辨析，区分accommodation，occupation，equipment，furniture的含义。 二、语法填空

34.【答案】competition

【解析】【分析】句意：在面试之前她有机会看这场比赛。名词competition“比赛，竞赛”；此空该词作动词see的宾语。故填competition。 【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作宾语的应用。 35.【答案】permission

【解析】【分析】句意：没有老师的允许，你不能离开房间。根据句中the teacher's为所有格结构，后接名词，故填permission。

【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作介词宾语。 36.【答案】difference

【解析】【分析】考查固定搭配。句意：我们今天或明天开会，有区别吗？ make difference为固定搭配，意为“有区别”，故答案填difference。 【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作宾语。 37.【答案】equality

【解析】【分析】句意：在工作上，女性尚未与男性完全平等。这里需用名词作动词achieve的宾语，故填equality。

【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作宾语的应用。 38.【答案】concentration

【解析】【分析】句意：压力和疲劳常常导致注意力不集中。介词后接名词作宾语，故填concentration。

【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作介词宾语的应用。 39.【答案】operation

【解析】【分析】句意：在汽车制造商，消费者和律师当中，谁负责这些车辆的操作尚不清楚。定冠词后接名词，故填operation。

【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作介词宾语的应用。 40.【答案】congratulations

【解析】【分析】句意：—我通过了英语考试。—祝贺！此处应该用复数形式表示“祝贺”，故填congratulations。

【点评】考查日常交际，掌握congratulations的应用。 41.【答案】choices

【解析】【分析】句意：年轻人让他们的父母对他们在衣服、娱乐和音乐方面的选择感到愤怒。因为是“多种选择”，所以名词用复数形式，故填choices。 【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作介词宾语的应用。 42.【答案】congratulates；Congratulations

【解析】【分析】句意：当某人向其他人的成功祝贺时，他或她通常说“祝贺”。考查动词时态和词性转变。congratulate sb. on sth.表示“因为……向某人祝贺”；congratulations 祝贺（名

名师整理，助你成功

词“祝贺”在句中用复数形式）。根据句意，故答案为：congratulates /Congratulations。 【点评】考查是在理解句意的基础上，结合所给的英文的提示，判断所缺单词的含义，然后根据语法知识，确定时态和单词的词性与词形。 43.【答案】confidence

【解析】【分析】句意：她在异国他乡生活了一年，给了她很多自信。a lot of = lots of,可修饰可数或不可数名词，意为“许多”， “大量的”，相当于many或much。故答案为confidence。 【点评】考查单词在语境中的运用，需要根据句意和句子成分分析，对词进行必要的变形，同时熟记固定搭配和基本句型。