您的当前位置：首页历年英语四级真题及答案下载_免费的_2000年~2010年

历年英语四级真题及答案下载_免费的_2000年~2010年

来源：爱go旅游网

2010年6月英语四级考试真题

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:

1. 如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写 2. 出现这种情况的原因

3. 为了改变这种状况，我认为…

Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling

_______________________________________________________________________________ Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Caught in the Web

A few months ago, it wasn't unusual for 47-year-old Carla Toebe to spend 15 hours per day online. She'd wake up early, turn on her laptop and chat on Internet dating sites and instant-messaging programs – leaving her bed for only brief intervals. Her household bills piled up, along with the dishes and dirty laundry, but it took near-constant complaints from her four daughters before she realized she had a problem.

\"I was starting to feel like my whole world was falling apart – kind of slipping into a depression,\" said Carla. \"I knew that if I didn't get off the dating sites, I'd just keep going,\" detaching (使脱离) herself further from the outside world.

Toebe's conclusion: She felt like she was \"addicted\" to the Internet. She's not alone.

Concern about excessive Internet use isn't new. As far back as 1995, articles in medical journals and the establishment of a Pennsylvania treatment center for overusers generated interest in the subject. There's still no consensus on how much time online constitutes too much or whether addiction is possible.

But as reliance on the Web grows, there are signs that the question is getting more serious attention: Last month, a study published in CNS Spectrums claimed to be the first large-scale look at excessive Internet use. The American Psychiatric Association may consider listing Internet addiction in the next edition of its diagnostic manual. And scores of online discussion boards have popped up on which people discuss negative experiences tied to too much time on the Web.

\"There's no question that there're people who're seriously in trouble because they're overdoing their Internet involvement,\" said psychiatrist (精神科医生) Ivan Goldberg. Goldberg calls the problem a disorder rather than a true addiction.

Jonathan Bishop, a researcher in Wales specializing in online communities, is more skeptical. \"The Internet is an environment,\" he said. \"You can't be addicted to the environment.\" Bishop describes the problem as simply a matter of priorities, which can be solved by encouraging people to prioritize other life goals and plans in place of time

spent online.

The new CNS Spectrums study was based on results of a nationwide telephone survey of more than 2,500 adults. Like the 2005 survey, this one was conducted by Stanford University researchers.About 6% of respondents reported that \"their relationships suffered because of excessive Internet use.\" About 9% attempted to conceal \"nonessential Internet use,\" and nearly 4% reported feeling \"preoccupied by the Internet when offline.\"

About 8% said they used the Internet as a way to escape problems, and almost 14% reported they \"found it hard to stay away from the Internet for several days at a time.\" \"The Internet problem is still in its infancy,\" said Elias Aboujaoude, a Stanford professor. No single online activity is to blame for excessive use, he said. \"They're online in chat rooms, checking e-mail, or writing blogs. [The problem is] not limited to porn (色情) or gambling\" websites.

Excessive Internet use should be defined not by the number of hours spent online but \"in terms of losses,\" said Maressa Orzack, a Harvard University professor. \"If it's a loss [where] you're not getting to work, and family relationships are breaking down as a result, then it's too much.\"

Since the early 1990s, several clinics have been established in the U. S. to treat heavy Internet users. They include the Center for Internet Addiction Recovery and the Center for Internet Behavior.

The website for Orzack's center lists the following among the psychological symptoms of computer addiction: ● Having a sense of well-being (幸福) or excitement while at the computer. ● Longing for more and more time at the computer. ● Neglect of family and friends.

● Feeling empty, depressed or irritable when not at the computer. ● Lying to employers and family about activities. ● Inability to stop the activity. ● Problems with school or job.

Physical symptoms listed include dry eyes, backaches, skipping meals, poor personal hygiene (卫生) and sleep disturbances.

People who struggle with excessive Internet use maybe depressed or have other mood disorders, Orzack said. When she discusses Internet habits with her patients, they often report that being online offers a \"sense of belonging, and escape, excitement [and] fun,\" she said. \"Some people say relief…because they find themselves so relaxed.\"

Some parts of the Internet seem to draw people in more than others. Internet gamers spend countless hours competing in games against people from all over the world. One such game, called World of Warcraft, is cited on many sites by posters complaining of a \"gaming addiction.\"

Andrew Heidrich, an education network administrator from Sacramento, plays World of Warcraft for about two to four hours every other night, but that's nothing compared with the 40 to 60 hours a week he spent playing online games when he was in college. He cut back only after a full-scale family intervention (干预), in which relatives told him he'd gained weight.

\"There's this whole culture of competition that sucks people in\" with online gaming, said Heidrich, now a father of two. \"People do it at the expense of everything that was a constant in their lives.\" Heidrich now visits websites that discuss gaming addiction regularly \"to remind myself to keep my love for online games in check.\"

Toebe also regularly visits a site where posters discuss Internet overuse. In August, when she first realized she had a problem, she posted a message on a Yahoo Internet

addiction group with the subject line: \"I have an Internet Addiction.\"

\"I'm self-employed and need the Internet for my work, but I'm failing to accomplish my work,to take care of my home, to give attention to my children,\" she wrote in a message sent to the group.\"I have no money or insurance to get professional help; I can't even pay my mortgage (抵押贷款) and face losing everything.\"

Since then, Toebe said, she has kept her promise to herself to cut back on her Internet use. \"I have a boyfriend now, and I'm not interested in online dating,\" she said by phone last week. \"It's a lot better now.\"

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1. What eventually made Carla Toebe realize she was spending too much time on the Internet? A) Her daughter's repeated complaints.

B) Fatigue resulting from lack of sleep. C) The poorly managed state of her house. D) The high financial costs adding up.

2. What does the author say about excessive Internet use? A) People should be warned of its harmful consequences. B) It has become virtually inevitable. C) It has been somewhat exaggerated.

D) People haven't yet reached agreement on its definition.

3. Jonathan Bishop believes that the Internet overuse problem can be solved if people ______. A) try to improve the Internet environment B) become aware of its serious consequences C) can realize what is important in life D) can reach a consensus on its definition

4. According to Professor Maressa Orzack, Internet use would be considered excessive if ______. A) it seriously affected family relationships B) one visited porn websites frequently C) too much time was spent in chat rooms D) people got involved in online gambling

5. According to Orzack, people who struggle with heavy reliance on the Internet may feel ______. A) discouraged B) pressured C) depressed D) puzzled 6. Why did Andre Heidrich cut back online gaming? A) He had lost a lot of money. B) His family had intervened.

C) He had offended his relatives. D) His career had been ruined.

7. Andrew Heidrich now visits websites that discuss online gaming addiction to ______. A) improve his online gaming skills B) curb his desire for online gaming

C) show how good he is at online gaming D) exchange online gaming experience

8. In one of the messages she posted on a website, Toebe admitted that she ______.

9. Excessive Internet use had rendered Toebe so poor that she couldn't afford to seek ______. 10. Now that she's got a boyfriend, Toebe is no longer crazy about ______. Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

11.A) He has proved to be a better reader than the woman. B) He has difficulty understanding the book. C) He cannot get access to the assigned book.

D) He cannot finish his assignment before the deadline. 12.A) She will drive the man to the supermarket. B) The man should buy a car of his own. C) The man needn't go shopping every week. D) She can pick the man up at the grocery store.

13.A) Get more food and drinks. B) Ask his friend to come over. C) Tidy up the place. D) Hold a party.

14.A) The talks can be held any day except this Friday. B) He could change his schedule to meet John Smith. C) The first-round talks should start as soon as possible. D) The woman should contact John Smith first.

15.A) He understands the woman's feelings. B) He has gone through a similar experience. C) The woman should have gone on the field trip. D) The teacher is just following the regulations. 16.A) She will meet the man halfway. B) She will ask David to talk less. C) She is sorry the man will not come. D) She has to invite David to the party.

17.A) Few students understand Prof. Johnson's lectures. B) Few students meet Prof. Jonson's requirements. C) Many students find Prof. Johnson's lectures boring. D) Many students have dropped Prof. Johnson's class. 18.A) Check their computer files. B) Make some computations. C) Study a computer program. D) Assemble a computer.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19.A) It allows him to make a lot of friends. B) It requires him to work long hours.

C) It enables him to apply theory to practice. D) It helps him understand people better. 20.A) It is intellectually challenging.

B) It requires him to do washing-up all the time. C) It exposes him to oily smoke all day long. D) It demands physical endurance and patience.

21.A) In a hospital. B) At a coffee shop. C) At a laundry. D) In a hotel. 22.A) Getting along well with colleagues. B) Paying attention to every detail. C) Planning everything in advance. D) Knowing the needs of customers.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23.A) The pocket money British children get. B) The annual inflation rate in Britain.

C) The things British children spend money on. D) The rising cost of raising a child in Britain. 24.A) It enables children to live better.

B) It goes down during economic recession. C) It often rises higher than inflation. D) It has gone up 25% in the past decade. 25.A) Save up for their future education. B) Pay for small personal things. C) Buy their own shoes and socks.

D) Make donations when necessary. 来源:考试大-英语四级考试 Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 Passage One

Questions 26 to 29 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 26.A) District managers. B) Regular customers. C) Sales directors. D) Senior clerks.

27.A) The support provided by the regular clients. B) The initiative shown by the sales representatives. C) The urgency of implementing the company's plans. D) The important part played by district managers. 28.A) Some of them were political-minded. B) Fifty percent of them were female.

C) One third of them were senior managers. D) Most of them were rather conservative. 29.A) He used too many quotations. B) He was not gender sensitive. C) He did not keep to the point.

D) He spent too much time on details. Passage Two

Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. 30.A) State your problem to the head waiter. B) Demand a discount on the dishes ordered. C) Ask to see the manager politely but firmly. D) Ask the name of the person waiting on you.

31.A) You problem may not be understood correctly.

B) You don't know if you are complaining at the right time. C) Your complaint may not reach the person in charge. D) You can't tell how the person on the line is reacting. 32.A) Demand a prompt response. B) Provide all the details. C) Send it by express mail. D) Stick to the point. Passage Three

Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

33.A) Fashion designer B) Architect. C) City planner. D) Engineer. 34.A) Do some volunteer work. B) Get a well-paid part-time job. C) Work flexible hours.

D) Go back to her previous post.

35.A) Few baby-sitters can be considered trustworthy. B) It will add to the family's financial burden. C) A baby-sitter is no replacement for a mother.

D) The children won't get along with a baby-sitter. Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

Almost every child, on the first day he sets foot in a school building, is smarter, more (36)______, less afraid of what he doesn't know, better at finding and (37) ______ things out, more confident, resourceful (机敏的), persistent and (38) ______ than he will ever be again in his schooling – or, unless he is very (39) ______ and very lucky, for the rest of his life. Already, by paying close attention to and (40) ______ with the world and people around him, and without any school-type (41) ______ instruction, he has done a task far more difficult, complicated and (42)______ than anything he will be asked to do in school, or than any of his teachers has done for years. He has solved the (43) ______ of language. He has discovered it – babies don't even know that language exists – and (44) ________________________________________________. He has done it by exploring, by experimenting, by developing his own model of the grammar of language, (45) ________________________________________________ until it does work. And while he has been doing this, he has been learning other things as well, (46) ________________________________________________, and many that are more complicated than the ones they do try to teach him.

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones – the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines. But the U.S. has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be __47__ wasteful to tear them all down and __48__ them with greener versions. An enormous amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the __49__ carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest __50__, the greenest home is the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of U. S. carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and __51__ our homes, offices and other buildings. \"You can't deal with climate change without dealing with existing buildings,\" says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust.

With some __52__, the oldest homes tend to be the least energy-efficient. Houses built before 1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than those built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that __53__ over time and let in more outside air.

Fortunately, there are a __54__ number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, from __55__ ones like Lincoln's Cottage to your own postwar home. And

efficiency upgrades (升级) can save more than just the earth; they can help __56__ property owners from rising power costs. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A) accommodations B) clumsy C) doubtful D) exceptions E) expand F) historic G) incredibly H) powering I) protect J) reduced K) replace L) sense M) shifted N) supplying O) vast Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

You never see him, but they're with you every time you fly. They record where you are going,how fast you're traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book.They're known as the black box.

When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India ocean June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine (潜水艇) detected the device's homing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed.

In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first mode for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was completely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane – the area least subject to impact – from its original position in the landing wells (起落架舱). The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility.

Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots' conversations,and a flight-data recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircraft's final moments. Placed in an insulated (隔绝的) case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can withstand massive force and temperatures up to 2,000℉. When submerged, they're also able to emit signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1,2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they're still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane's black boxes were never recovered. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

57. What does the author say about the black box? A) It ensures the normal functioning of an airplane. B) The idea for its design comes from a comic book. C) Its ability to ward off disasters is incredible. D) It is an indispensable device on an airplane.

58. What information could be found from the black box on the Yemeni airliner?

A) Data for analyzing the cause of the crash. B) The total number of passengers on board.

C) The scene of the crash and extent of the damage. D) Homing signals sent by the pilot before the crash. 59. Why was the black box redesigned in 1965? A) New materials became available by that time. B) Too much space was needed for its installation. C) The early models often got damaged in the crash. D) The early models didn't provide the needed data.

60. Why did the Federal Aviation Authority require the black boxes be painted orange or yellow? A) To distinguish them from the colour of the plane. B) To caution people to handle them with care. C) To make them easily identifiable. D) To conform to international standards.

61. What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447? A) There is still a good chance of their being recovered. B) There is an urgent need for them to be reconstructed. C) They have stopped sending homing signals. D) They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil. Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like \"I never do anything right\" into positive ones like \"I can succeed.\" But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?

Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.

The study's authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you're just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.

In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students' self-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four

minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, \"I am lovable.\"

Those with low self-esteem didn't feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren't urged to think positive thoughts.

The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (静思) techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。

62. What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry? A) It is a highly profitable industry.

B) It is based on the concept of positive thinking. C) It was established by Norman Vincent Peale. D) It has yielded positive results.

63. What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?

A) Encouraging positive thinking many do more harm than good. B) There can be no simple therapy for psychological problems. C) Unhappy people cannot think positively. D) The power of positive thinking is limited.

64. What does the author mean by \"… you're just underlining his faults\" (Line 4, Para. 3)? A) You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough. B) You are pointing out the errors he has committed. C) You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent. D) You are trying to make him feel better about his faults.

65. What do we learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic? A) It is important for people to continually boost their self-esteem. B) Self-affirmation can bring a positive change to one's mood.

C) Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem. D) People with low self-esteem seldom write down their true feelings. 66. What do we learn from the last paragraph?

A) The effects of positive thinking vary from person to person. B) Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy.

C) Different people tend to have different ways of thinking. D) People can avoid making mistakes through meditation. Part V Cloze (15 minutes)

The term e-commerce refers to all commercial transactions conducted over the Internet, including transactions by consumers and business-to-business transactions. Conceptually, e-commerce does not __67__ from well-known commercial offerings such as banking by phone, \"mail order\" catalogs, or sending a purchase order to supplier __68__ fax.E-commerce follows the same model __69__ in other business transactions; the difference __70__ in the details.

To a consumer, the most visible form of e-commerce consists __71__ online ordering. A customer begins with a catalog of possible items, __72__ an item, arranges a form of payment, and __73__ an order. Instead of a physical catalog, e-commerce arranges for catalogs to be __74__ on the Internet. Instead of sending an order on paper or by telephone, e-commerce arranges for orders to be sent __75__ a computer network. Finally, instead of sending a paper representation of payment such as a check, e-commerce __76__ one to send payment information electronically.

In the decade __77__ 1993, e-commerce grew from an __78__ novelty (新奇事物) to a mainstream business influence. In 1993, few __79__ had a web page, and __80__ a handful allowed one to order products or services online. Ten years __81__, both large and small businesses had web pages, and most __82__ users with the opportunity to place an order. __83__, many banks added online access, __84__ online banking and bill paying became __85__. More importantly, the value of goods and services __86__ over the Internet grew dramatically after 1997.

67.A) distract B) descend C) differ D) derive 68.A) with B) via C) from D) off

69.A) appeared B) used C) resorted D) served 70.A) situates B) lies C) roots D) locates 71.A) on B) of C) for D) to

72.A) reflects B) detects C) protects D) selects

73.A) sends in B) puts out C) stands for D) carries away 74.A) visible B) responsible C) feasible D) sensible 75.A) beside B) over C) beyond D) up

76.A) appeals B) admits C) advocates D) allows 77.A) after B) behind C) until D) toward

78.A) optional B) invalid C) occasional D) insignificant 79.A) communities B) corps C) corporations D) compounds

80.A) largely B) slightly C) solely D) only 81.A) lately B) later C) late D) latter

82.A) offered B) convinced C) equipped D) provided 83.A) Instead B) Nevertheless C) However D) Besides 84.A) and B) or C) but D) though

85.A) different B) flexible C) widespread D) productive 86.A) acquired B) adapted C) practiced D) proceeded

Part VI Translation (5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.Please write you translation on Answer Sheet 2. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。

87. Because of the noise outside, Nancy had great difficulty __________________ (集中注意力在实验上). 88. The manager never laughed; neither __________________ (她也从来没有发过脾气). 89. We look forward to __________________ (被邀请出席开幕式).

90. It is suggested that the air conditioner __________________ (要安装在窗户旁).

91. The 16-year-old girl decided to travel abroad on her own despite __________________ (她父母的强烈反对). 作文范文：

Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling

Correct spelling is a basic skill in English study. However, nowadays many students do not pay much attention to it.

They have their own reasons for misspelling. First of all, they like an easy way of studying, which causes some omissions and changes in spelling. Second, the teachers might not be very strict in students’ spelling. In China, teachers seem to be more concerned with grammar and vocabulary but not spelling.

To change this situation, in my opinion, the teachers and the students should work together. On one and, the teachers should give more attention to students’ spelling, asking the students to be conscious of the importance of correct spelling from the very beginning of their English study. On the other hand, the students themselves are supposed to be aware that correct spelling is a must in English study.

To sum up, correct spelling is so important that both students and the teachers should spare no efforts to achieve correct spelling.

2010年6月大学英语四级答案

1. A) her daughters' repeated complains

2. D) People haven't yet reached agreement on its definition

3. C) can realize what is important in life 4. A) it seriously affected family relationships 5. C) depressed

6. B) His family had intervened

7. B) curb his desire for online gaming 8. had an Internet addiction 9. professional help 10. online dating 听力答案 Section A

short conversation

11. C) He cannot get access to the assigned book. 12. A) She will drive the man to the supermarket. 13. C) Tidy up the place.

14. A) The talks can be held any day except this Friday. 15. A) He understands the woman’s feelings. 16. D) She has to invite David to the party.

17. C) Many students find Prof. Johnson’s lectures boring. 18. D) Assemble a computer. long conversation

19. B) It requires him to work long hours.

20. D) It demands physical endurance and patience. 21. D) In a hotel.

22. B) Paying attention to every detail.

23. A) The pocket money British children get. 24. C) It often rises higher than inflation. 25. B) Pay for small personal things. Section B Passage 1

26. B) District managers

27. D) The important part played by district managers 28. B) Fifty percent of them were female 29. B) He was not gender sensitive Passage 2

30. C) Ask to see the manager politely but firmly

31. D) You can’t tell how the person on the line is reacting 32. D) Stick to the point Passage 3

33. B) Architect

34. A) Do some volunteer work.

35. C) A baby-sitter is no replacement for a mother. Section C

36. curious 37. figuring 38. independent 39. unusual 40. interacting 41. formal 42. abstract 43. mystery

44. he has found out how it works and learnt to use it appropriately

45. by trying it out and seeing whether it works, by gradually changing it and refining it 46. including many of the concepts that the schools think only they can teach him 仔细阅读答案 Section A

47. G incredibly 48. K replace 49. J reduced 50. L sense 51. H powering 52. D exceptions 53. E expand 54. O vast 55. F historic 56. I protect Section B Passage 1

57. C) Its ability to ward off disasters is incredible. 58. A) Data for analyzing the cause of the crash.

59. C) The early models often got damaged in the crash. 60. C) To make them easily identifiable.

61. A) There is still a good chance for their being recovered. Passage 2

62. B) It is based on the concept of positive thinking

63. A) Encouraging positive thinking may do more harm than good 64. B) You are pointing out the errors he has committed

65. C) Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem 66. B) Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy 完型答案

67. B) differ 68. B) via 69. B) used 70. B) lies 71. B) of 72. D) selects 73. A) sends in 74. A) visible 75. C) beyond 76. D) allows 77. B) behind 78. D) insignificant 79. C) corporations 80. D) only 81. B) later

82. D) provided 83. D) besides 84. A) and 85. C) widespread 86. A) acquired 翻译答案

87. (in) concentrating on the experiment/ focusing her attention on the experiment. 88. did she become angry/did she lose her temper before. 89. being invited to attend the opening ceremony. 90. (should) be fixed/installed by the window

91. the strong opposition of her parents/ her parents’ strong opposition.

2009年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案

Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)

注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Creating a Green Campus. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:

1. 建设绿色校园很重要

2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境…… 3. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应该…… Creating a Green Campus

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid

Good grades and high tests scores still matter—a lot—to many colleges as they award financial aid.

But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as “merit aid”, is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars.

George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients(接受者), pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago. Now, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008.

Not all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who don’t meet need eligibility(资格)have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school.

For small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running.

But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profits. “They’re trying to buy students,” says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum.

Studies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it. “As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,” says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Report’s ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17.

Merit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $ 1 million a year, “served us well,” Inzer says, but “to be discounting the price for families that don’t need financial aid doesn’t feel right any more.”

Need-based aid remains by far the largest share of all student aid, which includes state, federal and institutional grants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growing faster, both overall and at the institutional level.

Between 1995-96 and 2003-04, institutional merit aid alone increased 212%, compared with 47% for need-based grants. At least 15 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state’s public institutions.

But in recent years, a growing chorus(异口同声)of critics has begun pressuring schools to drop the practice. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be “a sign that

people are starting to realize that there’s this destructive competition going on,” says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need.

David Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid but fear that in doing so, they would lose top students to their competitors.

“No one can take one-sided action,” says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption(豁免)from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid, “This is a merry-go-round that’s going very fast, and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks of trying to break away by themselves.”

A complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don’t qualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, as tuitions continue to increase, the line between merit and need blurs.

That’s one reason Allegheny College doesn’t plan to drop merit aid entirely.

“We still believe in rewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly value the scholarship,” says Scott Friedhoff, Allegheny’s vice president for enrollment.

Emory University in Atlanta, which boasts a $4.7 billion endowment(捐赠), meanwhile, is taking another approach. This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy students and cap them for middle-income families. At the same time, it would expand its 28-year-old merit program.

“Yeah, we’re playing the merit game,” acknowledges Tom Lancaster, associate dean for undergraduate education. But it has its strong point, too, he says. “The fact of the matter is, it’s not just about the lowest-income people. It’s the average American middle-class family who’s being priced out of the market.” *A few words about merit-based aid:

Merit-based aid is aid offered to students who achieve excellence in a given area, and is generally known as academic, athletic and artistic merit scholarships.

Academic merit scholarships are based on students’ grades, GPA and overall academic performance during high school. They are typically meant for students going straight to college right after high school. However, there are scholarships for current college students with exceptional grades as well. These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify. In some cases, students may need to be recommended by their school or a teacher as part of the qualification process.

Athletic merit scholarships are meant for students that excel(突出)in sports of any kind, from football to track and field events. Recommendation for these scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee(裁判). Applicants need to send in a tape containing their best performance.

Artistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area. This generally includes any creative field such as art, design, fashion, music, dance or writing. Applying for artistic merit scholarships usually requires that students submit a portfolio(选辑)of some sort, whether that includes a collection of artwork, a recording of a musical performance or a video of them dancing.

1. With more and more low-income students pursuing higher education, a number of colleges are ________. A) offering students more merit-based aid B) revising their financial aid policies C) increasing the amount of financial aid D) changing their admission processes

2. What did Allegheny College in Meadville do three years ago? A) It tried to implement a novel financial aid program. B) It added $ 2.5 million to its need-based aid program. C) It phased out its merit-based scholarships altogether. D) It cuts its merit-based aid to help the needy students.

3. The chief purpose of rankings-conscious colleges in offering merit aid is to ______. A) improve teaching quality B) boost their enrollments C) attract good students D) increase their revenues

4. Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, believes ______. A) it doesn’t pay to spend $ 1 million a year to raise its ranking B) it gives students motivation to award academic achievements C) it’s illogical to use so much money on only 4% of its students D) it’s not right to give aid to those who can afford the tuition

5. In recent years, merit-based aid has increased much faster than need-based aid due to ______. A) more government funding to colleges B) fierce competition among institutions C) the increasing number of top students D) schools’ improved financial situations

6. What is the attitude of many private colleges toward merit aid, according to David Laird? A) They would like to see it reduced. B) They regard it as a necessary evil.

C) They think it does more harm than good.

D) They consider it unfair to middle-class families.

7. Why doesn’t Allegheny College plan to drop merit aid entirely?

A) Raising tuitions have made college unaffordable for middle-class families. B) With rising incomes, fewer students are applying for need-based aid. C) Many students from middle-income families have come to rely on it. D) Rising incomes have disqualified many students for need-based aid.

8. Annual renewal of academic merit scholarships depends on whether the recipients remain ______.

9. Applicants for athletic merit scholarships need a recommendation from a coach or a referee who ______ their exceptional athletic performance. 10. Applicants for artistic merit scholarships must produce evidence to show their ______ in a particular artistic field Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which the best answer is. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 11. A) Get some small change. B) Find a shopping center. C) Cash a check at a bank. D) Find a parking meter.

12. A) Shopping with his son. B) Buying a gift for a child. C) Promoting a new product. D) Bargaining with a salesgirl. 13. A) Taking photographs. B) Enhancing images. C) Mending cameras. D) Painting pictures.

14. A) He moved to Baltimore when he was young. B) He can provide little useful information. C) He will show the woman around Baltimore. D) He will ask someone else to help the woman.

15. A) He is rather disappointed. B) He is highly ambitious.

C) He can’t face up to the situation D) He knows his own limitation.

16. A) She must have paid a lot B) She is known to have a terrific figure. C) Her gym exercise has yielded good results. D) Her effort to keep fit is really praiseworthy.

17. A) Female students are unfit for studying physics. B) He can serve as the woman’s tutor. C) Physics is an important course at school. D) The professor’s suggestion is constructive.

18. A) Indifferent. B) Doubtful. C) Pleased. D) Surprised.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) He prefers the smaller evening classes. B) He has signed up for a day course. C) He has to work during the day. D) He finds the evening course cheaper. 20. A) Learn a computer language. B) Learn data processing.

C) Buy some computer software. D) Buy a few coursebooks.

21. A) Thursday evening, from 7:00 to 9:45. B) From September 1 to New Year’s eve. C) Every Monday, lasting for 12 weeks. D) Three hours a week, 45 hours in total. 22. A) What to bring for registration. B) Where to attend the class. C) How he can get to Frost Hall. D) Whether he can use a check. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23. A) A training coach. B) A trading adviser. C) A professional manager. D) A financial trader.

24. A) He can save on living expenses. B) He considers cooking creative. C) He can enjoy healthier food. D) He thinks take-away is tasteless. 25. A) It is something inevitable. B) It is frustrating sometimes. C) It takes patience to manage. D) It can be a good thing. Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. A) There were no planets without moons. B) There was no air or water on Jupiter. C) Life was not possible in outer space. D) The mystery of life could not be resolved. 27. A) It has a number of active volcanoes. B) It has an atmosphere like the earth’s. C) It has a large ocean under its surface. D) It has deep caves several miles long.

28. A) Light is not an essential element to it. B) Life can form in very hot temperatures. C) Every form of life undergoes evolution. D) Oxygen is not needed for some life forms. Passage Two

Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard. 29. A) Whether they should take the child home. B) What Dr. Mayer’s instructions exactly were. C) Who should take care of the child at home. D) When the child would completely recover.

30. A) She encourages them to ask questions when in doubt. B) She makes them write down all her instructions. C) She has them act out what they are to do at home. D) She asks them to repeat what they are supposed to do.

31. A) It lacks the stability of the printed word. B) It contains many grammatical errors. C) It is heavily dependent on the context. D) It facilitates interpe Passage Three

Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 32. A) Job security. B) Good labour relations.

C) Challenging work. D) Attractive wages and benefits. 33. A) Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually. B) More and more unskilled workers will lose jobs. C) Computers will change the nature of many jobs. D) Boring jobs will gradually be made enjoyable. 34. A) Offer them chances of promotion. B) Improve their working conditions.

C) Encourage them to compete with each other. D) Give them responsibilities as part of a team. 35. A) They will not bring real benefits to the staff. B) They concern a small number of people only. C) They are arbitrarily set by the administrators. D) They are beyond the control of ordinary workers. Section C

In the humanities, authors write to inform you in many ways. These methods can be (36) ______ into three types of informational writing: factual, descriptive, and process. Factual writing provides (37) ______ information on an author, composer, or artist or on a type of music, literature, or art. Examples of factual writing include notes on a

book jacket or (38) ______ cover and longer pieces, such as an article describing a style of music which you might read in a music (39) ______ course. This kind of writing provides a (40) ______ for your study of the humanities.

As its name (41) ______, descriptive writing simply describes, or provides an (42) ______ of, a piece of music, art, or literature. For example, descriptive writing might list the colors an artist used in a painting or the (43) ______ a composer included in a musical composition, so as to make pictures or sounds in the reader’s mind by calling up specific details of the work. (44) ________.

Process writing explains a series of actions that bring about a result. (45) ________. This kind of writing is often found in art, where understanding how an art has created a certain effect is important. (46) _________.

Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A

In families with two working parents, fathers may have more impact on a child’s language development than mothers, a new study suggests.

Researchers —— 92 families form 11 child care centers before their children were a year old, interviewing each to establish income, level of education and child care arrangements. Overall, it was a group of well-class families, with married parents both living in the home.

When the children were 2, researchers videotaped them at home in free-play sessions with both parents, —— all of their speech. The study will appear in the November issue of The Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology.

The scientists measured the —— number of utterance (话语) of the parents, the number of different words they used, the complexity of their sentences and other —— of their speech. On average, fathers spoke less than mothers did, but they did not differ in the length of utterances or proportion of questions asked.

Finally, the researchers ——the children’s speech at age 3, using a standardized language test. The only predictors of high scores on the test were the mother’s level of education, the ——of child care and the number of different words the father used.

The researchers are —— why the father’s speech, and not the mother’s, had an effect. “It’s well —— that the mother’s language does have an impact,” said Nadya Pancsofar, the lead author of the study. It could be that the high-functioning mothers in the study had——had a strong influence on their children’s speech development, Ms. Pancsofar said, “or it may be that mothers are —— in a way we didn’t measure in the study.” 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

A) already B) analyzed C) aspects D) characters E) contributing F) describing G) established H) quality I) quoted J) recording K) recruited L) total M) unconscious N) unsure O) yet Section B

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they’ll change America. Rightly so, but selfishly, I’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world’s attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see. Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that we’re all hot-tempered single mothers who can’t keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can’t escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers.

These images have helped define the way all women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simple to be herself.

It won’t be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.

Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what they’d like to see Michelle bring to the White House—mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone—an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉着), confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that’s been around for far too long.

57. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author? A) She serves as a role model for African women.

B) She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.

C) She will present to the world a new image of African-American women. D) She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-American women.

58. What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author? A) They are victims of violence. B) They are of an inferior violence.

C) They use quite a lot of body language. D) They live on charity and social welfare. 59. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs? A) Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans. B) How Michelle should behave as a public figure.

C) How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House. D) What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.

60. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady? A) However many fans she has, she should remain modest,

B) She shouldn’t disappoint the African-American community. C) However hard she tries, she can’t expect to please everybody. D) She will give priority to African-American women’s concerns.

61. What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obama will do? A) Help change the prevailing view about black women. B) Help her husband in the task of changing America. C) Outshine previous First Lady. D) Fully display her fine qualities. Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage. When next year’s crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, they’ll be joined by a new face; Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长) of Yale, who’ll become Oxford’s vice-chancellor—a position equivalent to university president in America.

Hamilton isn’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc, have also recently made top-level hires from abroad. Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and like so many businesses, it’s gone global. Yet the talent flow isn’t universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction: outward from America.

The chief reason is that American schools don’t tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the university’s budget. “We didn’t do any global consideration,” says Patricia Hayes, the board’s chair. The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist (活动家) who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.

Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number. The decline in government support has made funding-raising an increasing necessary ability among administrators and has hiring committees hungry for Americans.

In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.”

Of course, fund-raising isn’t the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind of promote international programs and attract a global student body. Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices. 62. What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage? A) Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from the U.S.

B) A lot of political activists are being recruited as administrators. C) American universities are enrolling more international students. D) University presidents are paying more attention to funding-raising.

63. What is the chief consideration of American universities when hiring top-level administrators? A) The political correctness. B) Their ability to raise funds.

C) Their fame in academic circles. D) Their administrative experience. 64. What do we learn about European universities from the passage? A) The tuitions they charge have been rising considerably. B) Their operation is under strict government supervision. C) They are strengthening their position by globalization. D) Most of their revenues come from the government.

65. Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor chiefly because _____. A) she was known to be good at raising money B) she could help strengthen its ties with Yale C) she knew how to attract students overseas D) she had boosted Yale’s academic status

66. In what way do top-level administrators from abroad contribute to university development? A) They can enhance the university’s image.

B) They will bring with them more international faculty. C) They will view a lot of things from a new perspective. D) They can set up new academic disciplines. Part Ⅴ Cloze (15 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Older people must be given more chances to learn if they are to contribute to society rather than be a financial burden, according to a new study on population published recently.

The current people approach which 67 on younger people and on skills for employment is not 68 to meet the challenges of demographic (人口结构的) change, it says. Only 1% of the education budget is 69 spent on the oldest third of the population.

The 70 include the fact that most people can expect to spend a third of their lives in 71 , that there are now more people over 59 than under 16 and that 11.3 million people are 72 state pension age.

“ 73 needs to continue throughout life. Our historic concentration of policy attention and resources 74 young people cannot meet the new 75 ,” says the report’s author, Professor Stephen McNair.

The major 76 of our education budget is spent on people below the age of 25. 77 people are changing their jobs, 78 , partners and lifestyles more often than 79 , they need opportunities to learn at every age 80 , some people are starting new careers in their 50s and later. People need opportunities to make a “midlife review” to 81 to the later stage of employed life, and to plan for the transition (过渡) 82 retirement, which may now happen 83 at any point from 50 to over 90, says McNair.

And there should be more money 84 to support people in establishing a 85 of identity and finding constructive 86 for the “third age”, the 20 or more years they will spend in healthy retired life.

67. A) operates B) focuses C) counts D) depends 68. A) superior B) regular C) essential D) adequate 69. A) currently B) barely C) anxiously D) heavily

70. A) regulations B) obstacles C) challenges D) guidelines 71. A) enjoyment B) retirement C) stability D) inability 72. A) over B) after C) across D) beside

73. A) Indentifying B) Learning C) Instructing D) Practicing 74. A) at B) by C) in D) on

75. A) desires B) realms C) needs D) intentions 76. A) measure B) ratio C) area D) portion 77. A) When B) Until C) Whether D) Before 78. A) neighbors B) moods C) homes D) minds 79. A) age B) ever C) previously D) formerly

80. A) For example B) By contrast C) In particular D) On average 81. A) transform B) yield C) adjust D) suit 82. A) within B) from C) beyond D) to

83. A) unfairly B) unpredictably C) instantly D) indirectly 84. A) reliable B) considerable C) available D) feasible 85. A) sense B) conscience C) project D) definition 86. A) ranks B) assets C) ideals D) roles Part VI Translation (5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.

87. You would not have failed if you __________________________(按照我的指令去做). 88. Despite the hardship he encountered, Mark never ______________(放弃对知识的追求). 89. Scientists agree that it will be a long time ______________(我们找到治愈癌症的方法).

90. Production has to be increased considerably to __________________(与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步). 91. The more exercise you take,________________________(你越不大可能得感冒).

2009年12月大学英语四级考试答案详解

Part Ⅰ Writing 审题谋篇

本次四级作文主题为“绿色校园”，这是一个看似简单普通的话题，写起来却不是那么容易。因为很多考生对于“绿色校园”所表达的内涵感觉比较生僻。假如对“绿色校园”这一主题感到难以把握，考生可以从作文提纲入手进行分析以获取对“绿色校园”这一概念的相关信息。根据作文提示2，可以看出此处的“绿色校园”指的决不仅仅是青青的草地和高大的树木构成的校园绿色风景，也不仅仅指对校园环境的珍视和爱护，而是指一种环境保护的文化氛围和师生具有的环境素养，以及由此带来的和谐的人文环境和社会绩效。在深入理解概念的基础上，考生还应对 “绿色校园”的重要性进行剖析，这时，考生可以从多个角度组织素材，比如从校园的环境问题出发，进而扩展到师生的环境意识对“绿色校园”所产生的长远意义以及为未来环境改善所做的贡献。最后是阐述建设“绿色校园”所要采取的措施。需要注意的就是作文给分的重点在于考生如何用恰当的语言词汇表达自己的思想观点。而不是写得越多，得分就越高。一般分成三个自然段，大概十句话，基本的分布为首段、末段合起来五句或六句，中间段五句或四句，做到结构清楚，重点突出，就可以了。参考范文

Creating a Green Campus

Recently, with the idea of making and maintaining “a green earth” being the focus of the society, “green campus” has become a more and more popular concept in universities or colleges, which, undoubtedly, will bring us an ever-lasting benefit to both our campus and our society.

The concept of “green campus” does not only mean a green environment but also refers to an environmental sense in people’s mind. Campus plays a crucial role in educating the young generation and the consciousness of “green campus” will definitely produce a profound effect on students’ various environmental protection activities after their graduation. What’s more, the young generation is under the burden of severe environmental pollution and there are many problems waiting for them to solve. To make “green campus” come true, firstly, it is necessary to work out effective principles for the development of sustainable and recyclable campus. Secondly, it calls for people’s awareness of the serious pollution around us and actual action to reduce the waste. Last but not least, it is necessary to strengthen the ties between campus and society, so as to ensure that “green campus” can work smoothly with the co-effort of the whole society. 建设绿色校园

近来，随着建设并保持“绿色地球”的观念成为社会关注的焦点，“绿色校园”也成为校园里流行的话题。这无疑会给我们的校园和社会带来长远的利益。 “绿色校园”不仅仅指绿色的环境，还包括人们头脑中的环境意识。学校在培养年轻一代上起着关键作用，“绿色校园”的意识必定会对学生毕业后的环境保护意识产生长远影响。更为重要的是，年轻一代面临着严重的环境污染，有太多问题等待他们去解决。

为使“绿色校园”成为现实，首先应该制定出可持续发展、可长远发展的有效政策。其次，还需要人们对环境污染的严肃性有正确认识并采取实际行动切实减

少污染。最后但同样重要的是，有必要加强学校和社会的联系以便在全社会共同努力下使“绿色校园”顺利实施。范文点评

范文以“绿色校园”开篇，保证了文章切题。第一段开门见山，强调当今环保理念下构建“绿色校园”的长远意义。第二段，着重讨论“绿色校园”的含义，指出“绿色校园”不仅指校园中的绿化，还指生活在校园中的人们的绿色和环保意识，把校园这个小环境和社会这个大环境结合起来，说理更加深刻。第三段是谈及具体的做法，分一、二、三点进行论述，无疑是使“绿色校园”的理念落在实处。结构完整，首尾呼应，用词准确。关系词的正确使用让句与句之间、段与段之间衔接紧凑，思想表达成熟有深度。

【生动的用词】 maintain保持;concept概念;profound长远的;sustainable可持续的;recyclable可循环的。

【丰富的短语】bring benefit to带来利益;play a crucial role in发挥关键作用;under the burden of在……重负下;come true实现;call for要求。【多变的句式】

范文中长句、短句、简单句、复杂句交叉使用。不同句型之间的转换，能让阅卷老师更好地了解考生对句子结构的掌握运用，从而获得高分。避错指导

本次作文在题材上，虽然仍然延续了我们所熟悉校园类话题，但与社会背景有很大关系。刚刚闭幕的哥本哈根世界气候大会使环保减排这个主题成为焦点，在全世界都提倡可持续发展、和谐发展这一背景下的“绿色校园”，同时也是一个社会热点话题，这是我们审题时所必须考虑的。另外开篇时，切忌拖泥带水，应直截了当，使阅卷老师对文章主题一目了然。

除正确审题之外，考生还应注意语言的准确运用，不落俗套。不同句型之间转换时，考生应对句子结构全面掌握，避免句式错误造成扣分。最后，应尽量避免单词拼写错误。本次作文常见的卷面拼写错误如下表：正确拼写词性及词义错误的拼写 focus n. 焦点 focuse

effect n. 影响 effection /affect

environment n. 环境 envirment/invironment burden n. 负担 burdon solve v. 解决 slove

serious a. 严肃的 serous true a. 真的 ture

society n. 社会 soceity theory n. 理论 thery

总之，考生在构思和写作过程中要尽可能做到思路完整，恰如其分地选择词汇。毕竟，无错表达才是四级语言表达合格的核心。能力拓展

【同义词转换】

作文表达除了准确，还要做到句式多变，词汇灵活多样。

1. realize → be aware of 意识到

We’d better be aware of the seriousness of pollution around us. 我们最好意识到周围污染的严峻性。 2. keep → preserve 保持

It is necessary to educate the students to be conscious of the importance to preserve the environment. 有必要教育学生意识到保护环境的重要性。 3. lead → conduct 引导

This will help conduct the activities of the college students. 这有助于引导大学生的行为。【话题备考锦囊】

6. The idea of “a green campus” is beyond a green environment. “绿色校园”绝不仅仅是一个绿色环境。

7. The construction of “a green campus” will greatly stimulate students to take part in various environmental protection activities. 建设“绿色校园”将会极大激励学生参与环境保护。

8. To bring “a green campus” to its full play, effective measures should be taken. 为全面实施“绿色校园”，必须采取有效措施。

9. Campus construction is of vital importance not only to the physical development of students but to their mental health as well. 校园建设不仅对学生的身体发展很重要，而且对他们的心理健康也很重要。

10. There is little doubt that further consideration must be paid to our green campus. 毫无疑问，对于绿色校园应该给与更多的思考。【话题词汇拓展】

devastation n. 毁坏 disastrous a. 损失惨重的 doom v. 厄运，毁灭 existence n. 存在，生活 healthful a. 健康的 messy a. 肮脏的，凌乱的 participation n. 分享，参与 preserve v. 保存，保护 preventive a. 预防性的 purify v. 澄清，净化

stimulation n. 激励，鼓舞 arouse consciousness 唤起意识命题风向标

本次作文难度适中，与之前考试中出现的“限塑”主题有千丝万缕的联系。考生要想在本次作文中获取高分，除了审题恰当独到，还要有扎实的语言基础。如本文主题“绿色校园”可以采用多种表达：green campus和environmental-friendly campus;“绿色校园的构建”可以使用create，build up，establish和construct等，以体现考生对词汇多样性的积累。

从关注白色污染到关注博物馆免费开放，再到绿色校园构建，四级作文命题重点在侧重校园类话题的同时开始向与大学生生活有关的话题转移。由此也凸显了对历年真题分析的重要意义。更多地立足真题，总结规律，切实提高自己语言能力，始终是四级作文备考的根本。 Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 核心词汇

1. aid n. ①帮助，援助 ②助手v. 帮助，援助

【用】financial aid经济援助;merit aid/ Merit-based奖学金;need-based aid助学金或经济资助;foreign aid外援，对外援助;hearing aid助听器;aids and appliances用具，设备【搭】in aid to用来帮助，起……作用;lead one’s aid (to)援助，给予帮助;in aid of作为援助……之用【拓】aidance n. 协助，帮助;aidant a. 帮助的;aided a. 辅助的

2. project v. ①设计 ②发射n. 事业，计划，工程

【用】Project Hope希望工程;project manager项目经理;project plan项目规划;project budget项目预算，工程预算【拓】projection n. 突出，发射;projecting a. 突出的

3. selective a. 选择性的

4. 【用】selective analysis重点分析;selective breeding选择育种，选择性繁殖【拓】select v. 挑选，选拔a. 精选的;selection n. 选择，挑选，选集 5. package n. 包裹;套装软件，程序包a. 一揽子的

【用】package design包装设计;package agreement一揽子安排，一揽子方案;package holiday(旅行社安排一切的)一揽子旅游;package tour包办旅行(路线、地点、时间和费用等均作统一规定和安排的旅游);package program组装程序【拓】pack n.包装，背包v. 包装，压紧;packaged a. 袋装的;packager n. 打包机 6. ranking a. 头等的;n. 等级，地位

【用】ranking list排名;ranking method等级法，排序法【拓】rank n. 等级;队列;v. 排列，列队

7. grant v. ①授予 ②承认;n. ①授予物 ②拨款

【用】grant of a patent授予专利权【搭】take…for granted认为……是理所当然; Granted/Granting that即使……(也)【拓】grants n. 补助金，津贴(grant的复数) 8. enrol v. 登记，入学，参军，注册

【搭】enrol in选课，参加【拓】enrollment n. 登记，入伍;enrollee n. 入学者，入伍者 9. eliminate v. 消除，排除

【用】eliminate illiteracy扫盲;eliminate poverty消除贫困;eliminate noise 消除噪声【拓】eliminate 是指把已进入者从中排除;exclude v. 指把想进入者拒之门外 10. qualify v. 使具有资格，证明……合格【用】qualifying examination资格考试，初试;qualifying competition预选赛，资格赛【搭】qualify as 取得……资格，作为……合适;qualify for有……的资格，合格【拓】qualified a. 有资格的，合格的 11. excel v. 胜过，优于，擅长n. [计算机] 软件名称

【搭】to excel in/at (在某方面)胜过(或超过)别人;to excel in music 擅长音乐【拓】 excellent a. 极好的，卓越的;excellence n. 优秀，长处

12. submit v. 使服从，提交【用】submit oneself to discipline遵守纪律;submit registration提交登记表，提交注册【搭】submit to 服从;submit…to 将……呈交给【拓】 submission n. 服从，投降试题详解

1. 【原题译文】随着越来越多的低收入学生追求高等教育，一些学院__。

B【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是more and more，low-income students和pursuing higher education。由此即可定位到原文第二段，全文的主旨段。

【篇章分析】原文第二段指出：“But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as merit aid, is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars.”原文中with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population和题干中with more and more low-income students pursuing higher education意思一致;原文中re-examining和B选项中revise意思相同。所以答案为B。

2. 【原题译文】位于米德维尔的阿勒格尼学院三年前做了什么?

D【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是大学名称Allegheny College in Meadville和do，由此定位到原文第三段。【篇章分析】原文第三段指出：“George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients (接受者), pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago.”题目中的D项It cut its merit-based aid help the needy students与原文cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients, pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid意思相同，所以答案为D。 3. 【原题译文】有排名意识的大学提供奖学金的主要目的是__。

C【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是rankings-conscious和purpose，由此可定位到原文第七段。【篇章分析】原文第七段指出：“But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profiles.”原文中的recruit表示“招收”，和答案C中的attract意思相似，所以答案为C。 4. 【原题译文】汉密尔顿的入学和助学金办公室主任莫尼卡•英泽相信__。

D【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hanilton，由此可定位到原文第十段。【篇章分析】原文第十段指出：“to be discounting the price for families that don’t need financial aid doesn’t feel right any more.”原文与D项it’s not right to give aid to those who can afford the tuition意思相同，所以答案为D。

5. 【原题译文】近年来，奖学金的增长比助学金快得多，是因为__。

B【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是merit-based aid和increased，由此即可定位到原文第十二段第二句。【篇章分析】原文第十二段第二句指出：“typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state’s public institutions.” in a bid to 可以理解为“为了……，力求……”。enroll top students in the state’s public institutions符合原题意思，所以答案为B 6. 【原题译文】依大卫•莱尔德来看，许多私立学院对奖学金的态度是什么?

A【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是David Laird，attitude，private colleges和merit aid，由此即可定位到原文第十四段。【篇章分析】原文第十四段指出：“David Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid”。原文和答案A项They would like to see it reduced意思一致，所以答案为A。 7. 【原题译文】为什么阿勒格尼学院不打算完全取消奖学金?

C【快速解题】本题的题干是Allegheny College和drop merit aid。由此即可定位到原文第十六段。【篇章分析】原文第十六段指出：“A complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don’t qualify for need-based aid, that many have to depend on it.”。原文中depend on和答案C选项中的rely on意思相同，所以答案为C。

8. qualified

【原题译文】每年是否可以继续享受学术奖学金取决于奖学金得主是否继续________。

【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是annual renewal，academic，merit scholarships和recipient，由此即可定位到原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分。【篇章分析】原文A few words about merit-based aid部分第四句指出：“These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify”。这些奖学金通常帮助学生交纳学费，只要他们继续符合条件，每年都可以继续享受。原文中的each year在本题中被换成了annual，原文中的renewed在本题中被换成了名词renewal，原文中的continue被转换成了remain，所以本题应该填形容词qualified。 9. recognizes

【原题译文】体育奖学金申请者要求有______其在运动方面有杰出表现的教练或裁判的推荐。

【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是athletic和a coach or a referee，由此即可定位到原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分第三段。【篇章分析】原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分第三段：“Recommendation for this scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee (裁判).”本奖学金必须有人推荐，因为杰出的运动表现必须得到教练或裁判的认可。题目把原文的被动结构变成了主动，而a coach or a referee是第三人称单数，所以本题应该填的答案是recognizes。 10. excellence

【原题译文】艺术奖学金要求申请者必须提交能表明其在某一领域______的证明。

【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是applicants，artistic merit scholarships，produce evidence和show，由此可定位到原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分第四段。

【篇章分析】原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分第四段指出：“Artistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area”。艺术奖学金要求申请者在一定艺术领域有突出表现。原文中的in a given artistic field和题目中的in a particular artistic field同义，题目中需要填的是动词show的宾语，即一个名词，而原句中对应的excel却是动词词性，需要变成名词形式，所以答案就是excel的名词形式excellence。全文精译

大学重新审视奖学金的价值

许多大学给予学生经济资助时，最重要的依据仍然是学生良好的评估等级和较高的试卷分数。

但是在未来几年里，预计低收入家庭的学生数占大学生总数的比例越来越大。一些学校正在重新考虑奖学金是否是利用大学宝贵的资金最有效的途径。

例如，华盛顿特区的乔治•华盛顿大学上周公布说将削减约三分之一的奖学金，减少奖学金得主数，而将节省下来的大约250万美元用于助学金。位于宾夕法尼亚州米德维尔的阿勒格尼学院三年前也做出了类似的决定。

纽约克林顿市的哈密尔顿学院说它将逐步淘汰奖学金。该规定不会使现有的奖学金得主失去奖学金，助学金制度将从2008年秋天入学的学生开始实行。

并不是所有的大学都提供奖学金;一般来说，淘汰率越高的学校，越不太可能提供奖学金。例如，哈佛大学和普林斯顿大学慷慨地提供了各种助学金，但是许多不符合助学条件的家庭为了上名牌大学不管付多少钱都愿意。

对于规模较小的地方性学院来说，他们只是努力填满空缺，奖学金只是财政收入的重要来源，因为许多奖学金得主仍需支付比奖学金金额更高的学费，而正是这些学费维持大学的运转。

但是对于有排名意识的学校，奖学金已经成为招收一流学生和改善他们的学术效益的一种主要工具。斯基德莫尔大学的经济学家桑迪•波美说，“他们试图购买学生”。

研究表明奖学金存在一种倾向，即大部分奖学金得主不依靠奖学金仍能支付得起学费。 “展望未来，更迫切需要的助学金投资”，汉密尔顿的入学和助学金办公室主任莫尼卡•英泽说。汉密尔顿大学已提供10年的奖学金。在这段时间里，在《美国新闻和世界报导》对最好的文学院的排名中，它从第25名上升到第17名。

奖学金每年帮助了大约75名学生，或大约4%的学生，花费大约为一年1百万美元，“奖学金给我们带来了好处”，英泽说，但“奖学金这种变相优惠学费的做法对不需要经济援助的家庭来说，似乎不妥。”

助学金目前仍是学生接受资助的主要方式，包括国家助学金、联邦助学金和机构助学金。但是，从总体上和大学层面上来看，主要由学校和州提供的奖学金增长速度很快。

一项由美国宾州州立大学教授唐纳德•海勒主持的研究报告表明，在1995-96和2003-04年之间，仅就大学的奖学金而言，增加了212%，而助学金增加了47%。至少有15个州也提供奖学金，通常是为了在公立大学中招收优等生。

但是近年来，越来越多的批评已经迫使大学开始减少这种做法。汉密尔顿和其他大学最近的决策可能是“一种迹象，表明人们开始意识到这种破坏性的竞争”，波美说。波美与他人合作，共同发表了一份《大学报告》，对于大学资助不是建立在需要的基础之上表示担忧。

明尼苏达私立大学委员会主席大卫•莱尔德认为，很多私立学校想减少奖学金，但害怕这样做，会使优秀学生流失到他们的竞争对手那里去。 “没有人可以采取单方面行动，”莱尔德说。他正在探索是否能获得联邦反托拉斯法的豁免，以使会员大学可以讨论如何共同降低奖学金。“这是一个跑得很快的旋转木马，没有大学相信他们能承受摆脱木马束缚的风险。”

一个复杂因素就是，奖学金已经在不符合助学金条件的中产阶级家庭中变得很受欢迎，结果许多家庭都依靠它。并且，随着学费不断增加，奖助学金之间的界限也变得模糊了。

这是阿勒格尼大学并不打算完全取消奖学金的理由之一。

“我们仍然相信对成绩优异者进行奖励的效用，好学生很重视奖学金”，阿勒格尼大学负责招生的副校长斯科特•弗利达霍夫说。

位于亚特兰大的艾莫利大学以拥有47亿美元的捐赠而自豪。同时该校拟采取新政策。今年，该大学宣布将取消特困生贷款，同时对中产阶级家庭的贷款进行限额，但它将扩大其已有28年历史的奖学金项目。 “是的，我们在玩奖学金游戏，”负责大学本科教育的副院长汤姆兰•卡斯特承认。但这也有它的优势，他说，“事实上，这不仅仅关系到低收入人群，它还关系到无缘问津助学金、普通的美国中产阶级家庭。” * 关于奖学金制度的几点补充

奖学金是向在某一领域杰出的学生提供的资助，通常是指学术、体育和艺术奖学金。

学术奖学金是以学生在高中阶段的分数，平均成绩和学术表现为基础。它们通常是专门为学生在高中毕业后直接进入大学而设置的。然而，还有为学习成绩格外突出的在校大学生准备的奖学金。这些奖学金通常帮助学生交纳学费，只要他们继续符合条件，每年都可以继续享受。某些情况下，学生在申请过程中可能需要学校或者一位教师推荐。

运动奖学金是为在任何一种体育运动中突出的学生设置的奖学金，从足球到田径项目。本奖学金必须有人推荐，因为杰出的运动表现必须得到教练或裁判的认

可。申请者需要寄送包含他们最佳表现的一盘磁带。

艺术奖学金要求申请者在一定艺术领域有突出表现。一般包括创作领域，如艺术、设计、时装、音乐、舞蹈或写作。申请艺术奖学金，通常要求学生提供一个选辑，它可以包括艺术作品集、音乐表演录像或舞蹈的视频 Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension Section A 试题详解

11. A) Get some small change. A)换取零钱。 B) Find a shopping center. B)找一个购物中心。 C) Cash a check at a bank. C)在银行兑现支票。 D) Find a parking meter. D) 找一个停车计费器。

【听音指导】选项均缺少主语，属于细节题加转折题型，预读时无需关注句意，直接找相似场景即可，并且按照听力短对话规律，重点仍然在女士话语当中，典型的“转折”出答案题型。

【正确项分析】由but后的money changer可知男生需要换零钱，可快速排除选项B (购物中心)和选项D (停车) 二个场景，答案应在选项A、C当中。C选项虽也和“钱”有关，但对话中对该选项中的银行只字未提，由此可知答案为选项A。【原文及译文】

M: Excuse me. Do you have change for a ten-dollar note? I need to pay the parking meter.

W: I’m sorry, but I think you can get it through the money changer in the shopping center across the street. Q: What is the man trying to do?

男士：打扰一下，你能给我换开一张10美元的钞票吗?我需要支付停车费。

女士：很抱歉，但我觉得你可以到马路对面的购物中心里的货币兑换中换取零钱。问题：男士要干什么?

【词汇点拨】parking meter 停车计费器;cash a check 支票兑现;change n. 零钱 12. A) Shopping with his son. A) 与儿子一起购物。 B) Buying a gift for a child. B) 给孩子买礼物。 C) Promoting a new product. C) 促销新产品。

D) Bargaining with a salesgirl. D) 与女售货员讨价还价。

【听音指导】预览选项，可发现均缺少主语，与11题一样，属于细节题加建议题型，直接寻找相似场景即可，可快速排除选项C，因为只有C选项是关于“出售”(促销)，而其它选项都和“购买”有关;答案应在选项A、B、D中。【正确项分析】女士话语仍具有绝对指导意义，非常简单的建议考点，竟然直接用到了suggest，其后必有答案，女生提到toy train和brand，加上男生说的school boy，可确定答案为选项B。

【干扰项分析】A选项中的son是无中生有，切忌主观猜测。选项D可在听时排除，原文中并无任何涉及关于“还价”或具体金额的内容。【原文及译文】

M: Can you recommend something that a school boy of 7 or 8 will really like?

W: I’d suggest this toy train, sir. It’s an excellent brand. Very popular all over the world these days. Q: What is the man doing?

男士：你能给我推荐一个七八岁学童真正喜欢的东西吗?

女士：我给你推荐这款玩具火车。这是一个优秀的品牌。在世界各地都非常受欢迎。问题：男士正在做什么?

【词汇点拨】recommend v. 推荐;brand n. 品牌;promote v. 促销;bargain v. 讨价还价 13. A) Taking photographs. A) 拍照。 B) Enhancing images. B) 突显形象。 C) Mending cameras. C) 修理相机。 D) Painting pictures. D) 画画。

【听音指导】选项仍均缺少主语，属于细节考查题。选项D与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。第一句由女士发出，需仔细聆听，原文提到taking pictures(拍照)，由此确定话题方向。

【正确项分析】女士说话中提到taking pictures，与选项A中的taking photographs一致，答案为A选项。【原文及译文】

W: Do you let people know when you’re taking pictures of them?

M: I try not to. You know any picture of a person who poses for the camera would look dull and unnatural. Q: What are the speakers talking about?

女士：你给人们拍照时，会让他们知道吗?

男士：尽量不让他们知道。你也知道一个人为拍照摆出的姿势看起来呆滞、不自然。问题：讲话人在谈论什么?

【词汇点拨】pose v. 摆姿势 n. 姿势，姿态;enhance v. 提高，加强;image n. 图像，形象 14. A) He moved to Baltimore when he was young. A) 他年轻的时候搬到巴尔的摩。 B) He can provide little useful information. B) 他提供不了太多有用信息。 C) He will show the woman around Baltimore. C) 他将领女士参观巴尔的摩。 D) He will ask someone else to help the woman. D) 他将找其他人来帮助女士。

【听音指导】此题考查意义解释题加转折题型，此类题型答案多为“听见什么不选什么”。本题需要对考生有一定的实力要求，属于可“失分”的题目。关注动词 move to，provide，show around和ask。

【正确项分析】经典转折考法，直接用but定位答案即可，男生说自己当时还很年轻，言下之意自己对当地情况不够了解。答案为B选项。【干扰项分析】根据四级听力中短对话“尾词错误原则”，即结尾内容听得越清楚越不能选，可顺利排除A选项。选项C没有提及。选项D与选项B为相似项，其中应有答案，男士并未主动提出找人帮忙，故排除选项D。【原文及译文】

W: I need to talk to someone who knows Baltimore well. I’m told you lived there. M: Oh, but I was really young at the time Q: What does the man mean?

女士：我需要找个非常了解巴尔的摩的人。我听说你曾在那里居住过。男士：哦，但是我那时候太年轻了。问题：男士是什么意思?

【词汇点拨】show around 领……参观 15. A) He is rather disappointed. A) 他非常失望。 B) He is highly ambitious. B) 他很有抱负。

C) He can’t face up to the situation. C) 他不能面对处境。 D) He knows his own limitation. D) 他知道自己的不足。

【听音指导】预读四个选项时只有B提到了“正面、积极”的方向，可初步排除。选项预读较难，但本题属于经典转折题型，关注相应标志词即可。but出现表示“前否后肯”，直接用but定位答案，就可选出正确选项。【正确项分析】原文是“承担责任前需要积累更多经验”，表明他知道自己的不足之处，与选项D同义。【干扰项分析】A选项中是rather，与原文的a little 不一致，可排除。C选项原文中未曾提及。【原文及译文】

W: Aren’t you disappointed that you didn’t get the promotion?

M: Maybe a little, but I know I need more experience before I’m ready for that kind of responsibility. Q: What do we learn about the man from this conversation? 女士：你没有被提升，不觉得失望吗?

男士：可能有一点，但我觉得承担责任前需要积累更多经验。问题：从此对话可以得知男士的什么信息?

【词汇点拨】disappointed a. 失望的;ambitious a. 有雄心的;promotion n. 晋升;responsibility n. 责任 16. A) She must have paid a lot for the gym. A) 她一定在健身房花了很多钱。 B) She is known to have a terrific figure. B) 她以身材好而闻名。

C) Her gym exercise has yielded good results. C) 她的健身锻炼取得了很好的效果。

D) Her effort to keep fit is really praiseworthy. D) 她努力健身的做法值得称赞。

【听音指导】预读四个选项，可知选项A与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。选项B、C都是关于锻炼效果极佳的表达，按照惯例其中应该有答案。本题为意义解释题，同义替换是答案。

【正确项分析】男士提到your effort has paid off，这与选项C中的has yielded good results一致，故选择C项。

【干扰项分析】男士赞扬女士身材好，但未曾提到她以此闻名，B选项可排除。男士也未称赞她的作法，故排除选项D。【原文及译文】

W: I’ve been working out the gym since January. I was a bit out of shape. M: You look terrific. It seems that your effort has paid off. Q: What does the man imply about the woman?

女士：我从一月份一直在健身房锻炼。我之前都有些走形了。男士：现在你看起来很棒。看来你的努力没有白费。问题：男士暗示女士什么?

【词汇点拨】gym n. 健身房;yield v. 产生;keep fit 保持体型;work out 体育锻炼;out of shape 走形，走样;pay off 得到好结果 17. A) Female students are unfit for studying physics. A) 女学生不适合学习物理。 B) He can serve as the woman’s tutor. B) 他可以担当女士的家庭教师。

C) Physics is an important course at school. C) 在学校，物理是一门很重要的学科。 D) The professor’s suggestion is constructive. D) 教授的建议是有建设性的。

【听音指导】本题选项预读最难，找不出明显的相反或相似选项，听前可暂时确定两组方向。选项A、C与物理有关，选项B、D是导师的建议，待场景明确后再排除。

【正确项分析】首句用到suggest接着说到tutor场景明确，和选项B、D有关，排除选项A、C。首句Professor Clark suggested I get a tutor for advanced physics，可知答案为选项D。【原文及译文】

W: Professor Clark suggested I get a tutor for advanced physics.

M: Well, that might help. Advanced physics is a pretty difficult course. Q: What does the man mean?

女士：克拉克教授建议我得为高等物理找个家庭教师。

男士：嗯，那可能有帮助。高等物理确实是一门比较难的科目。问题：男士的意思是什么?

【词汇点拨】tutor n. 家庭教师;constructive a. 有益的，建设性的 18. A) Indifferent. A) 漠不关心的。

B) Doubtful. B) 怀疑的。 C) Pleased. C) 高兴的。 D) Surprised. D) 惊奇的。

【听音指导】预读时可排除唯一的“积极”选项C。本题为加了“弦外之音” 意义解释题，同义替换是答案，此类题有较少的明显的语言点可以指示答案，难度较大。听音时关注说话者的语气。

【正确项分析】女士所谓的好消息是谈话的两个人都没有被炒鱿鱼。男士却既不兴奋，也没有表示怀疑，所以轻易排除选项B、C。因为他已经有点厌倦这份工作了，甚至想到要去辞职。与选项A意义相符。【原文及译文】

W: Bill, have you heard the latest news? It appears we two won’t be laid off after all.

M: Oh, I’m somewhat tired of working here. I’ve been wondering whether I should resign. Anyway, the news seems to be good for you. Q: How does the man feel about the news?

女士：比尔，知道最新消息吗?好像我俩都没有被炒鱿鱼。

男士：哦，我在这儿工作有些厌烦了，我一直在考虑我是否应该辞职。无论如何，这个消息对你来说是个好事。问题：男士对新闻是怎么看的?

【词汇点拨】indifferent a. 漠不关心的;doubtful a. 持怀疑态度的;lay off 解雇;resign v.辞职;be tired of … 对……厌倦 Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) He prefers the smaller evening classes. A) 他更喜欢晚上的小班课程。 B) He has signed up for a day course. B) 他已经报名参加白天课程。 C) He has to work during the day. C) 他白天上班。

D) He finds the evening course cheaper. D) 他发现晚上课程更便宜。

【听音指导】预览选项，选项A、D讨论evening class，选项B讲述day course，立刻可推测此长对话与课程有关，且该课程有day class和evening class之分。从这四个选项暗含的意义推测，男士应偏重于evening class，可初步推测，此题考查男士选择evening class的原因。

【正确项分析】原文中男士明确说明it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day，关键词在于since，正所谓“因果必考”，选项C与原文相符。

20. A) Learn a computer language. A) 学习一门计算机语言。 B) Learn data processing. B) 学习数据处理。

C) Buy some computer software. C) 买一些电脑软件。 D) Buy a few course books. D) 买一些课本。

【听音指导】行为动作考查题，根据19题推测，本对话涉及报班，由本题四个选项可知，所报课程与电脑有关，因为前三项均与computer有关。可知选项D与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。本题也为一细节题，在听力过程中，应适时记录相关信息。

【正确项分析】女士先提到了Have you taken any courses in data processing，在其后紧跟着又对其进行了解释data processing is a course you have to take before you can take computer programming。对于data processing在对话中重复出现，且与问题相符，故选择B选项。 21. A) Thursday evening, from 7:00 to 9:45. A) 周四晚，7点至9点45分。 B) From September 1 to New Year’s eve. B) 从9月1号至新年前夕。 C) Every Monday, lasting for 12 weeks. C) 每周一，持续12周。

D) Three hours a week, 45 hours in total. D) 一星期三小时，总共45小时。

【听音指导】由选项即可知本题考查数字的细节题，且考查的数字为持续的时间，初步推测为某一课程所持续的时间。所以如在听力过程中涉及数字都要作笔记，且应注意数字的上下文场景。

【正确项分析】对该问题的回答，信息较分散，最初提到了every Monday, from 7 to 9:45。接下来在let me see停顿之后出现答案12 weeks，from September 1 to Christmas eve. 整合以上信息，应选C。

【干扰项分析】选项A错在Thursday evening，原文中明确给出应该是Monday evening。选项B中的New Year’s eve也是偷梁换柱，应为Christmas eve。选项D涉及小计算，每晚3小时，持续12周，应大约总共36小时才正确。 22. A) What to bring for registration. A) 登记时需要带什么。 B) Where to attend the class. B) 到哪里去上课。

C) How he can get to Frost Hall. C) 去弗罗斯特大厅怎么走。 D) Whether he can use a check. D) 他是否能用支票。

【听音指导】根据“前二后二必考”原则，本题又为本对话的最后一题，此题必在文章后面出题。由四选项的形式可初步推测，本题考查的是问题的内容。【正确项分析】本题的问题直截了当，在原文中男士给出了明确的提问，Is there anything that I should bring with me? 与选项A同义。

【干扰项分析】许多考生按照常理或主观臆测选定选项B，此项在原文中恰恰没有提到。原文中男士也明确表明I know how to get there，选项C是多余的。文中虽提到checkbook，是女士对男士问题的回答，而非男士的发问，故排除。【原文及译文】

W: Hello, Parkson College. May I help you?

M: Yes. I’m looking for information on courses in computer programming. I would need it for the fall semester. W: Do you want a day or evening course?

M: Well, it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day. W: Aha. Have you taken any courses in data processing? M: No.

W: Oh! Well, data processing is a course you have to take before you can take computer programming. M: Oh, I see. Well, when is it given? I hope it is not on Thursdays. W: Well, there’s a class that meets on Monday evenings at 7.

M: Just once a week?

W: Yes. But that’s almost 3 hours from 7 to 9:45.

M: Oh! Well, that’s alright. I could manage that. How many weeks does the course last?

W: Mm, let me see. 12 weeks. You start the first week in September, and finish, oh, just before Christmas. December 21st. M: And how much is the course?

W: That’s 300 dollars including the necessary computer time. M: Ah-hum. Okay, Eh, where do I go to register?

W: Registration is on the second and third of September between 6 and 9 in Frost Hall. M: Is that the round building behind the parking lot? W: Yes, that’s the one.

M: Oh, I know how to get there. Is there anything that I should bring with me? W: No, just your checkbook. M: Well, thank you very much. W: You’re very welcome. Bye! M: Bye!

19: Why does the man choose to take an evening course?

20: What does the man have to do before taking the course of computer programming? 21: What do we learn about the schedule of the evening course? 22: What does the man want to know at the end of the conversation? 女士：你好。帕克森大学，有什么事需要帮忙吗?

男士：是的。我想咨询有关计算机程序设计课程的信息。我想在秋季学期上课。女士：白天上课还是晚上上课?

男士：哦，因为我白天工作，我想晚上上课。女士：嗯。你学过关于数据处理的课程吗? 男士：没有。

女士：哦! 好的，在学习计算机编程之前必须学习数据处理。

男士：哦，我明白了。数据处理什么时候上课? 我希望不是星期四。女士：哦，有一个班在周一晚上7点。男士：一周仅上一次?

女士：是的。从7点到9点45分，差不多3个小时。

男士：哦! 没关系，我可以做到。几个星期的课程?

女士：嗯，让我看看。12周。你从九月第一次周末开始，哦，圣诞节前夕12月21日结课。男士：这门课程多少钱?

女士：300美元，包括必要的上机时间。男士：好的，嗯，我到哪里去登记?

女士：在9月2号、3号6 点至 9点在弗罗斯特大厅登记。男士：是停车场后面的圆形大楼吗? 女士：是的，就是那儿。

男士：哦，我知道怎么到那儿去。我必须要带什么东西吗? 女士：不用，只要带着支票簿即可。男士：哦，太谢谢了。女士：不用客气。再见! 男士：再见!

19：为什么男士选择晚间上课?

20：在上计算机程序设计课程之前必须要做什么? 21：我们能从晚间课程了解到什么信息? 22：在谈话最后男士想了解什么信息?

【词汇点拨】course n. 课程;computer programming 计算机编程;data processing 数据处理;parking lot 停车场;schedule n. 时间表 Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23. A) A training coach. A) 教练员。 B) A trading adviser. B) 商业顾问。

C) A professional manager. C) 职业经理。 D) A financial trader. D) 金融交易商。

【听音指导】本题为本长对话的第一题，出题点必在对话开始，由选项可知，本题涉及职业，对于职业的考查也是前几年四级考试的重点。【正确项分析】男士在文中明确提及trading in financial markets，根据同义推断原理，可推断该男士的职业是financial trader. 24. A) He can save on living expenses. A) 他可以节省生活费用。 B) He considers cooking creative. B) 他认为烹饪是具有创新性的。 C) He can enjoy healthier food. C) 他喜欢健康食物。

D) He thinks take-away is tasteless. D) 他觉得外带食品不好吃。

【听音指导】预览选项，可知选项A与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。本题与食物或烹饪有关。所以在听音过程中，如提及cooking或food，应多加注意，

适时记录。

【正确项分析】听音过程中听到此句I always cook a meal rather than have a take-away，即可知答案就在附近，接下来的一句To do something my brain will regard as creative中，出现了关键词creative，选项B与之相符，故选择B选项。 25. A) It is something inevitable. A) 是某种不可避免的事情。 B) It is frustrating sometimes. B) 有时候令人沮丧。 C) It takes patience to manage. C) 它需要耐心来管理。 D) It can be a good thing. D) 它可能是件好事。

【听音指导】本题是细节加评论题，关键要弄清楚各选项中it所指代的内容。本文出现频率最多的词是stress，可大胆推测，此题考查的是对stress的评述。本题又是此长对话的最后一题，答案应在听力对话的后两句。

【正确项分析】I do actually enjoy an element of uncertainty. 只要抓住此句中的一个关键词uncertainty，此题便可轻易而解，选项A正确。【原文及译文】

W: So, why exactly does your job have a reputation for being stressful?

M: Stress is generally driven by the feeling of being out of control of a situation and the feeling of a situation controlling you. Trading in financial markets combines both. W: How do you relax in the evening?

M: I very rarely do anything work-related so it’s easy to escape the markets. I generally go to the gym or go for a run, especially if I’ve had a bad day. I always cook a meal rather than have a take-away. To do something my brain would regard as creative. W: Do you think what you do for relaxation is an effective way to beat stress?

M: I don’t think there is a specific rule about how to beat stress. I generally find out what I do is effective for me. W: Would you consider changing your job because of the high stress factor?

M: I have considered leaving my job due to stress-related factors. However, I do think that an element of stress is a good thing, and if used the right way, it can actually be a positive thing.

W: What do you enjoy about the stressful aspects of your job?

M: Having said all that, I do actually enjoy an element of uncertainty. I enjoy a mental challenge. Trading generates a wide range of emotions second by second. How you deal with and manage those emotions dictates short, medium and long term trading performance and success. 23: What is the man’s job?

24: Why does the man prefer to cook a meal rather than have a take-away? 25: What does the man say about an element of stress in his job? 女士：那么，到底为什么你的工作以紧张出名呢?

男士：当人们束手无策或感觉被控制时，就会有压力感。金融市场上的交易正是这两者的结合。女士：你晚上如何放松?

男士：我很少做与工作有关的事情，所以很容易逃脱市场。我通常去健身房或是出去跑步。尤其是在我感觉某天很糟糕的时候，更是如此。我总是做饭，而不是叫外卖。做点儿有创意的事。

女士：你认为你放松自己的方法对消除压力有效吗?

男士：消除压力没有特定的法宝。总的来说，我发现我所做的一切对我来说都是有效的。女士：你是否因压力大而考虑换工作呢?

男士：因为压力的因素我曾考虑过离开我的工作。但是，我认为压力是一件好事。如果运用得当，压力实际上是有益的。女士：你喜欢工作中的哪些压力?

男士：说了这么多，我的确喜欢不确定因素。我喜欢挑战。交易会在瞬间产生一系列大范围的情绪波动。你如何处理及管理这些情绪支配着中短期及长期交易业绩和成功。

23：男士的工作是什么?

24：为什么男士喜欢做饭，而不是叫外卖? 25：关于工作中的压力感，男士说了什么?

【词汇点拨】reputation n. 名声，名气;combine v. 合并;financial a. 金融的;take-away 外带食品;positive a. 积极的，有益的;uncertainty n. 不确定性 Section B

Passage One 篇章结构

本次四级听力篇章从内容难度上来讲，比2009年6月的更难。此篇文章属于天文类，讲的是除地球以外的星球上形成生命的可能性。曾经科学家们认为其他星球上存在生命的可能性不大，但是现在科学家在渐渐地定位那些有可能会形成生命的地方。文章对此举了一个例子，就是木星的一个卫星，叫木卫二。词汇点拨

fascinated a. 着迷的;surface n. 表面;bacteria n 细菌;automatically ad. 自动地;probe n.探头，探针;evolution n. 进化话题词汇

beneath prep. 在……之下 Jupiter n. 木星 moon n. 卫星，月球 nitrogen n. 氮 planet n. 行星，星球 volcanic activity 火山活动难句解析

1. Since early times, people have been fascinated with the idea of life existing somewhere else besides earth. 【解析】since early times作时间状语，主句主语为people，谓语为be fascinated with，即“对……着迷”，着迷的对象是idea of life，existing somewhere else besides earth为现在分词作定语修饰名词life。

2. The probes have also made scientists think that under its surface Europa has a rocky core giving off volcanic heat.

【解析】本句主句部分谓语成分为make sb. do sth.，让某人做某事，that引出think的从句。从句的主语为Europa，giving off volcanic heat作定语修饰has的宾语a rocky core。

试题详解

26. A) There were no planets without moons. A) 除了卫星外没有行星。 B) There was no air or water on Jupiter. B) 在木星上没有空气或水。 C) Life was not possible in outer space. C) 在外空是没有生命的。

D)The mystery of life could not be resolved D) 生命的奥秘是不能解决的。

【听音指导】预览选项，可知本题考查细节事实题。鉴于此题位于本短文的第一题，答案应在最初几句中找到，具体的说，是在开头30秒。选项D与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。听音时关注no planets，no air or water还是no life。

【正确项分析】第一题问的是科学家曾经(once)相信什么事实?那么根据我们的理解，应该是他们认为外太空不可能存在生命。这个答案出现在原文的第二句，原文是Until recently, scientists believed that life on other planets was just a hopeful dream，意为科学家们认为在其他星球上存在生命只不过是个充满希望的梦。故选择C项。

27. A) It has a number of active volcanoes. A) 有很多活火山。

B) It has an atmosphere like the earth’s. B) 有像地球上的大气层。 C) It has a large ocean under its surface. C) 在它的表面有一个大海洋。 D) It has deep caves several miles long. D) 有几英里长的深洞穴。

【听音指导】通过选项即可确定本题为对于某一事物的细节描述题，所以首先要解决各选项中it所指的内容。由第一题选项可初步推测，本题很可能考查的是对一个星球的描述。

【正确项分析】问题为科学家在木卫二星球上找到什么，那么应该是Space probes have provided evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its surface，意为航空观测镜发现了星球表面下有个大的海洋。C选项与原文一模一样。 28. A) Light is not an essential element to it. A) 光不是必备因素。

B) Life can form in very hot temperatures. B) 生命在很热的温度下能够形成。 C) Every form of life undergoes evolution. C) 每种生命的形成都需要进化。

D) Oxygen is not needed for some life forms. D) 氧在生命形成过程中没有必要。

【听音指导】根据惯例，最后一个问题答案出现在篇章结束前三十秒左右，选项均涉及生命形成因素，分别为light，hot temperatures，evolution和oxygen，根据这些信息，可轻易在短文结束前找到答案。

【正确项分析】注意转折连词but前后，原文为Until recently, scientists thought that light was essential. But now, places have been found on earth that are in total blackness such as caves several miles beneath the ocean. And bacteria, primitive forms of life, have been seen there。意为科学家一直以为光是很重要的，但是现在他们发现完全黑暗的地方—比如几英里深的洞里，也有生命，即细菌。可见，光不是必备因素，选项A正确。原文及译文

Since early times, people have been fascinated with the idea of life existing somewhere else besides earth. Until recently, scientists believed that life on other planets was just a hopeful dream. But now they are beginning to locate places where life could form. In 1997, they saw evidence of planets near other stars like the sun. But scientists now

think that life could be even nearer in our own solar system. One planet scientists are studying very closely is Europa, a moon of Jupiter. Space probes have provided evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its surface. The probes have also made the scientists think that under its surface Europa has a rocky core giving off volcanic heat. Water and heat from volcanic activity are two basic conditions needed for life to form. A third is certain basic chemicals such as carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. Scientists believe there might be such chemicals lying at the bottom of Europa’s ocean. They may have already created life or may be about to. You may wonder if light is also needed for life to form. Until recently, scientists thought that light was essential. But now, places have been found on earth that are in total blackness such as caves several miles beneath the ocean. And bacteria, primitive forms of life have been seen there. So the lack of light in Europa’s sub-surface ocean doesn’t automatically rule out life forming. 26. What did scientists once believe according to the passage? 27. What have scientists found about Europa, a moon of Jupiter?

28. What have scientists come to know recently about the formation of life?

从很早以前，人们一直迷恋着地球以外的地方也存在生命的想法。直到近来，科学家们认为在其他星球上存在生命只不过是个充满希望的梦。但是，现在他们开始查找可能有生命的地方。1997年，科学家们在恒星附近，例如太阳，发现了行星的踪迹。科学家们现在认为生命可能我们更近，就在太阳系内。科学家们正密切关注的地方是木卫二，木星的一个卫星。太空探测器提供了证据表明木卫二表层之下有一个海洋。探测器也让科学家们认为木卫二表层有散发出火山热的岩石核心。火山活动的水和热量是生命形成的两个基本条件。第三个是一些基本的化学物质，如碳、氧和氮。科学家们认为在木卫二海洋底部可能存在这样的化学成分。他们可能已经创造了生命或即将产生生命。你可能在想光也是生命形成的必要条件。直到最近，科学家们仍认为光是不可或缺的。但现在已经在地球上发现，海洋几英里之下的黑暗的洞穴内有细菌，即原始生命形式的存在。所以不能排除缺乏光的木卫二地下海洋有生命形成的可能性。 26. 根据短文，科学家曾相信什么?

27. 科学家们发现关于木卫二的什么信息? 28. 最近，科学家就生命的形成了解到什么? Passage Two 篇章结构

本篇讲述医生发现用纸记录下的东西比口语交流的信息更加准确和稳定。问题源自一位医生在对一个孩子的家庭口述交待了出院后的注意事项之后，发现这些亲属们竟然记不清到底医生讲了些什么，于是医生决定在以后交待注意事项的时候要把这些内容全印成纸质的东西，因为纸质的东西比口语更可靠。词汇点拨

suffer v. 遭受;confusing a. 令人迷惑的;episode n. 插曲;version n. 版本;challenge v. 挑战话题词汇

context n. 上下文 physician n. 内科医生 recover v. 恢复 stability n. 稳定性 act out 表演出来 emergency room 急诊室 oral communication 口头交际 tailored to 定制的难句解析

1. Also listening to her were a half a dozen other family members.

【解析】此句为倒装句，强调listening to her，主语为a half a dozen other family members。正常语序为：A half a dozen other family members were also listening to her. 2. All of them had heard the simple instructions I have given just a few hours before, but they have three or four different versions.

【解析】本句两分句由连词but连接，had heard为过去完成时，表示在家人问玛雅医生之前就发生了此动作。I have given just a few hours before做定语修饰the simple instructions，省略连接词that。试题详解

29. A) Whether they should take the child home. A) 他们是否应该将孩子带回家。 B) What Dr. Mayer’s instructions exactly were. B) 玛雅医生的医嘱到底是什么。 C) Who should take care of the child at home. C) 谁在家照顾孩子。

D) When the child would completely recover. D) 什么时候这个孩子能完全恢复。

【听音指导】浏览四个选项，应注意到都为wh-开头的疑问词，且提到了医生和孩子，take care of 以及recover，可初步推测此题涉及的场景为医院，病人为孩子。

【正确项分析】问题为孩子的家人因为什么而争论，原文为the family asked her to settle an argument they’d been having over exactly what advice she had given，意为亲属们就医生到底讲过什么建议争论不休，问医生如何解决。选项B中的instructions与原文的advice同义，选项B正确。 30. A) She encourages them to ask questions when in doubt. A) 她鼓励他们拿不准时就提问题。 B) She makes them write down all her instructions. B) 她让他们记下她的医嘱。

C) She has them act out what they are to do at home. C) 她让他们把将在家里做的事情表演出来。 D) She asks them to repeat what are supposed to do. D) 她让他们复述要做的事。

【听音指导】由第一题的选项可很有把握地推测she指代的是Doctor Myer，而与医生相对的多半为病人。注意关键词ask question，write down，act out和repeat。【正确项分析】玛雅医生如何确定病人完全明白了自己的建议呢?原文为She asks them to tell her what they think they are supposed to do，原文的 tell her与选项D中的关键词repeat一致，选项D为正确答案，

31. A) It lacks the stability of the printed word. A) 它缺乏印刷体的稳定性。 B) It contains many grammatical errors. B) 它包含许多语法错误。 C) It is heavily dependent on the context. C) 它十分依赖上下文语境。 D) It facilitates interpersonal communication. D) 它有助于人际交往。

【听音指导】本题为短文最后一题，应在文章最后出现。需要注意关键字stability，errors，context和communication。【正确项分析】此题是典型的篇章问题考法。答案出现在结尾处，问题是作者对于人类口语交流 (human speech) 总结了什么。原文为human speech lacks the stability and permanence of the printed word，与选项A一致。原文及译文

In her early days as an emergency room physician, Doctor Joanna Mayer treated a child who had suffered a second degree burn. After the child had been treated and was being prepared for discharge, Doctor Mayer talked to the parents about how they should care for the child at home. Also listening to her were a half a dozen other family

members. A few hours later, when she came to say goodbye, the family asked her to settle an argument they’d been having over exactly what advice she had given. “As I talked to them, I was amazed.” she said, “All of them had heard the simple instructions I have given just a few hours before, but they have three or four different versions. The most basic details were unclear and confusing. I was surprised, because these were intelligent people.” This episode gave Doctor Mayer her first clue to something every doctor learns sooner or later---- most people just don’t listen very well.

Nowadays, she says she repeats her instructions, and even conducts a reality check with some patients. She asks them to tell her what they think they are supposed to do. She also provides take-home sheets which are computer printouts tailored to the patients’ situation. Doc. Mayer’s listeners are not unusual. When new or difficult material is presented, almost all listeners are faced with a challenge because human speech lacks the stability and permanence of the printed word. Oral communication is fast-moving and impermanent.

29. What did the child’s family members argue about in the hospital?

30. What does Doc. Mayer do to insure her patients understand her instructions? 31. What does the speaker say about human speech?

乔安娜•玛雅是一名急诊室医生。早年，她曾医治了一名二度烧伤的孩子。这个孩子接受完治疗准备出院时，玛雅医生告诉孩子父母在家如何照顾孩子，在场的还有六位家庭其他成员。几小时后，当她来与孩子再见的时候，孩子一家请她解决争论，他们一直争论她的医嘱到底是什么。“因为我已经告诉过他们，所以我很惊讶。”她说，“他们所有的人都在短短几小时前听到了我给出的简单的医嘱，但是他们有三、四个不同的版本。最基本的细节都不清楚且很困惑。我很吃惊，因为这些是聪明人。”这一段插曲给了玛雅医生第一个线索，而这迟早每个医生都会懂得，即大多数人听的不准确。

如今，玛雅说她反复重复医嘱，甚至对一些病人进行现场核查。她要他们告诉她他们应该做的事。她还根据病人的情况提供可带回家的打印文本。玛雅医生的听众都是正常人。当面对新资料或难度较大的资料时，几乎所有的听众都会面临挑战，因为人类口语缺乏书面文字的稳定性和永久性。口头交流速度快但持续时间短。

29. 孩子的家庭成员在医院里争论的是什么?

30. 为确保病人明白她的医嘱，玛雅医生做了什么? 31. 说话者如何评述人类口语? Passage Three 篇章结构

此篇讲的是商务工作中对员工的激励机制。主要内容为公司对员工的激励机制并非是人们通常以为的工资或者工作环境，而是工作中的挑战。词汇点拨

challenging a. 挑战性的;logical a. 合理的;manually ad. 手动地;identify v. 认同;tedious a. 单调的，沉闷的话题词汇

arbitrarily ad. 专横地 mechanical a. 机械的 robotics n. 机器人学 by definition 当然 job security 职业安全感 labor relations 劳资关系难句解析

1. It’s logical to suppose that things like good labor relations, good working conditions, good wages and benefits and job security motivate workers, but one expert, Frederick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers.

【解析】此句结构是由转折连词but引导的两个分句。前面一个分句中，it做形式主语，后面的不定式to suppose是真正主语。That引导宾语从句，介词like以及其引导内容做things的后置定语。后面一个分句中，one expert 与Frederick Herzberg为同位语，that后引导宾语从句。

2. However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there’re always plenty of boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs and lots of unskilled people who have to do them.

【解析】本句主句为there be 句型，常见的短语with the development of作时间状语，意为“随着……的发展”。jobs和people为表语，三个并列形容词boring， repetitive 和 mechanical一起修饰jobs，who引导的定语从句修饰先行词unskilled people 试题详解

32. A) Job security. A) 职业安全感。

B) Good labor relations. B) 愉快的劳资关系。 C) Challenging work. C) 挑战性的工作。

D) Attractive wages and benefits. D) 有吸引力的工资和利益。

【听音指导】预览选项中的关键词job security，labor relation，work，和wages and benefits可知，此篇短文主旨与工作有关，可初步推测与人们对工作的满足感有关。

【正确项分析】此题问的是主题，到底什么可以真正激励员工好好工作呢。原文Motivators, in contrast, include things such as having a challenging and interesting job, recognition and responsibility，连接词in contrast附近出现了答案，意为起到激励作用的东西包括工作的挑战性和趣味性，以及工作中需承担的责任即最终获得的认可。所以选选项C，即挑战性的工作。

【干扰项分析】原文首句虽谈及选项A、B、D各项内容，但是but转折后全盘否定but one expert, Frederick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers。故可全部排除。

33. A) Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually. A) 许多单调工作继续由手工做。 B) More and more unskilled workers will lose jobs. B) 越来越多的非技术工人将失业。 C) Computers will change the nature of many jobs. C) 电脑将改变很多工作性质。 D) Boring jobs will gradually be made enjoyable. D) 无聊的工作将变得快乐。

【听音指导】从选项内容可知，本题考查的是工作的性质，应注意关键提示词—tedious，unskilled and lose job，computer和boring and enjoyable。【正确项分析】此题问到作者对电脑信息时代总结了什么。从原文中However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there’re always plenty of boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs and lots of unskilled people who have to do them.，连接词however后出现了答案。意为，尽管电脑和机器人技术不断发展，还是存在无聊的、重复的、机械性的工作，需要人力完成，对应到正确答案A选项中的tedious以及manually。 34. A) Offer them chances of promotion. A) 提供给他们晋升机会。 B) Improve their working conditions. B) 改善他们的工作条件。

C) Encourage them to compete with each other. C) 鼓励他们相互竞争。

D) Give them responsibilities as part of a team. D) 给他们责任，让他们成为团队一部分。

【听音指导】此题为一细节题。选项B与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。听音时，注意选项中的promotion，compete和team。【正确项分析】原文中激励超市员工工作是个案，但是问题本身针对的是总结性的答案。即出现在for example前的总结句：Give them some responsibilities, not as individuals, but as a part of a team。but后强调的是team，正确答案为选项D。

35. A) They will not bring real benefits to the staff. A) 他们将不能给员工带来真正利益。 B) They concern a small number of people only. B) 他们与少数人相关。 C) They are arbitrarily set by the administrators. C) 是管理人员随意制定的。

D) They are beyond the control of ordinary workers. D) 他们超出了普通工人的控制。

【听音指导】首先意识到最后一题的答案应在文章结束前几句找，由各选项可知，所描述的对象并不是积极的，而是有负面影响的。

【正确项分析】为什么金钱诱惑刺激不了工作热情，答案出现在结尾前30秒处，即Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets which automatically only concern a few people，意为团队精神更能激起工作热情，因为金钱利益最终只会与团队中的个别人相关。答案为选项B。原文及译文

It’s logical to suppose that things like good labor relations, good working conditions, good wages and benefits and job security motivate workers, but one expert, Frederick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers. They are merely satisfiers. Motivators, in contrast, include things such as having a challenging and interesting job, recognition and responsibility. However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there’re always plenty of boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs and lots of unskilled people who have to do them. So how do managers motivate people in such jobs? One solution is to give them some responsibilities, not as individuals, but as a team. For example, some supermarkets combine office staff, the people who fill the shelves, and the people who work at the checkout into a team, and let them decide what product lines to stock, how to display them and so on. Many people now talk about the importance of a company’s shared values or culture with which all the staff can identify, for example, being the best hotel chain, or making the best, the most user-friendly or the most reliable products in a particular field. Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets which ultimately only concern a few people. Unfortunately, there’s only a limited number of such goals to go around and by definition, not all the competing companies in an industry can seriously play in to be the best.

32: What can actually motivate workers according to Frederick Herzberg? 33: What does the speaker say about jobs in the computer era? 34: What do some supermarkets do to motivate employees?

35: Why does the speaker say financial targets are less likely to motivate workers?

认为良好的劳资关系、愉悦的工作环境、较高的工资和福利待遇、工作安全性好能够激励员工，这是完全符合逻辑的。然而，专家弗洛迪克•赫兹伯格认为这些条件并不能激励员工，只是让员工得到满足的物质条件而已。相反，激励因素包括挑战性和趣味性的工作、认可和责任等。然而，即使随着计算机技术和机器人技术的发展，仍有大量无聊的、重复的和机械的工作，并且还必须有大量做这些工作的非技术人员。所以管理人员如何激励从事这种工作的人呢? 一种解决办法就是让他们承担责任，不是作为个人，而是作为团队。例如，有些超市把办公室人员、填货人和收银员编成一组，让他们决定进什么货、产品如何陈列等。现在很多人

在谈论员工认同的公司的价值观和公司文化的重要性，如怎样成为最好的旅馆连锁，或在某一特定领域做最好的，用户最亲善的或者最可靠的产品。这样的价值观比那些只与少数人有关的财务目标更有可能激励员工。不幸的是，只有个别公司才会有这样的目标，当然，并不是所有的竞争公司在业界都能做成最好的。 32：根据弗洛迪克•赫兹伯格的观点，什么可以激励员工? 33：说话者就计算机时代的工作发表了什么观点? 34：一些超市为激励员工采取了什么措施? 35：为什么说财务目标不太可能激发员工? Section C

原文重现

In the humanities, authors write to inform you in many ways. These methods can be (36) classified into three types of informational writing: factual, descriptive, and process. Factual writing provides (37) background information on an author, composer or artist or on a type of music, literature, or art. Examples of factual writing include notes on a book jacket or (38) album cover and longer pieces, such as an article describing a style of music which you might read in a music (39) appreciation course. This kind of writing provides a (40) context for your study of the humanities.

As its name (41) implies, descriptive writing simply describes or provides an (42) image of, a piece of music, art or literature. For example, descriptive writing might list the colors an artist used in a painting or the (43) instruments a composer included in a musical composition, so as to make pictures of sounds in the readers’ mind by calling up specific details of the work. (44) Descriptive writing in humanity, particularly in literature is often mixed with critical writing.

Process writing explains a series of actions that bring about a result. (45) It tells the reader how to do something, for example, explaining the technique used to show a film. This kind of writing is often found in art, where understanding how an art has created a certain effect is important. (46)Authors may actually use more than one type of techniques in the given piece of informational writing. 篇章结构

此次复合式听写的话题比较专业，介绍了三类写作题材，即事实性的，描述性的和解说性的。短文结构，先总后分。原文中充斥了许多长难词，致使考生预读时就一头雾水。尤其是全文的首句：In the humanities, authors write to inform you in many ways. 关键是要正确理解humanities(人文学科)一词。词汇点拨

humanities n. 人文学科;context n. 环境，语境，上下文;technique n. 技巧话题词汇

composer n. 作曲家 book jacket 护封 instrument n. 乐器 background information 背景知识 music appreciation 音乐鉴赏 musical composition 乐曲试题详解

36.【听音指导】根据空前后内容，可推测此空意为“归类成……”，轻易可以联想到常考词classified，构成be classified into结构。

37.【听音指导】事实性写作方式会提供什么样的信息，在预读时，很容易将其推测为形容词，但background是常见词，而background information作为背景知识，在日常生活中常常用到。

38.【听音指导】此空中的内容与book，long piece并列，可知此空填写的词为名词，且与book等为一类。album发音特殊，一般不会与其他词相混，应注意拼写。

39.【听音指导】由题意很容易判断此部分应为音乐鉴赏课，此空的难点在于appreciation (“鉴赏”)这个词的拼写。appreciate作动词，意为鉴赏，此空需要其名词形式。

40.【听音指导】为研究人文学科提供环境，其中context是高频词，几乎在每次考试中都能考到，此题不易失分。 41.【听音指导】此句话应理解为“正如名字所显示的那样”，立刻可以联系到show等词，而原文中的imply在以往四级考试中也反复出现。 42.【听音指导】描述性的写作能提供什么?立刻就想到形象、印象。image这个词很容易填出。

43.【听音指导】作曲家所用的音乐器具，自然为musical instrument。然而此空需要注意的是它的复数形式。 44.【听音指导】此段讲述的是descriptive writing，此句位于本段的最后一句，应为总结性话语。答案为Descriptive writing in the humanities, particularly in literature is often mixed with critical writing。particularly可替换为especially，be mixed with意为“与……混合”。也可写为Descriptive writing is mixed with critical writing，那么既保留了句子的大意，而且也能规避如particularly这样的长难词。采分点为descriptive writing和critical writing。

45.【听音指导】此段讲述的是processing writing，按照惯例此句为对其的总结性解释。shoot a film，意为拍电影。采分点为how to do something和 technique。 46.【听音指导】整篇文章为总分式，先总述了三种写作题材，然后分别讲述每种写作题材的适用范围。此空独立成句，很可能论述三部分适用范围的交集。采分点为more than one type of technique is used in writing。全文精译

在人文学科中，作者可以通过多种写作方式告知读者信息。这些方法可分为三类信息写作题材：事实性的，描述性的和解说性的。事实性写作提供了一位作家、作曲家或艺术家或者是一种音乐、文学或艺术的背景信息。事实性写作包括封面上的说明和专辑封面，较长的作品如音乐鉴赏课中可能读到的描述一种音乐风格的文章。这种写作题材为人文学科研究提供了依据。

正如它的名字所暗示的，描写性写作指简单的描述或为一段音乐、一种艺术和文学树立一种形象。例如，描写性写作可能介绍一位艺术家在画中用过的色彩，或一位乐器作曲家在音乐作品中所用的乐器。通过具体描述，在读者的脑海里留下声音的图画。人文学科中的描写性写作，特别在文学中，经常与评论式写作共同使用。

解说性写作是解释会带来某种结果的一系列的行动。它告诉读者如何做某事，例如，拍电影的技术。这种写作往往用于艺术中，因为理解艺术家如何创造了一种特定效果是很重要的。在一篇指定的信息写作中，作者可以运用多种写作技巧。 Part IV Reading Comprehension Section A 篇章结构

全文共分为七段。第一段介绍了本文的主题——双职工家庭中，父亲可能比母亲对于孩子语言的发展有更大的影响力。第二至六段介绍研究者们对九十二个家庭的孩子的活动以及父母与之交流的语言进行了跟踪、调查，最后，当孩子们三岁时，研究者们对孩子进行了标准化的语言测试，并对他们的言语进行了分析。研究者们发现父亲而非母亲的言语对孩子更有影响。最后一段，那达亚•潘克索发说可能因为在研究中能力强的母亲已经对孩子的言语发展产生了很大的影响，或者可能母亲起作用的方式在研究中没有测量。

词汇热身

【名词】aspects 方面;characters 性质，特征;quality 质量

【动词】analyzed 分析;established确定的，证实的; quoted 引用;recruited 招聘，招募;contributing 贡献，捐献;describing 描述;recording 记录【形容词】total 总共的，总计的;unconscious 不知道的，无意识的;unsure不确定; 【副词】yet 还，仍旧;already 已经难句解析

4. Researchers recruited 92 families form 11 child care centers before their children were a year old, interviewing each to establish income, level of education and child care arrangements. 【解析】本句的主干是Researchers recruited 92 families，主干之后form 11 child care centers是介词短语作定语, 修饰families, 而before their children were a year old是时间状语从句。句子的第二部分interviewing each to… 是现在分词短语作谓语recruit的伴随状语。

【译文】研究者们从十一个幼儿护理中心招募了九十二个家庭，他们的孩子都不到一岁，并且逐一了解他们的收入、受教育状况、以及孩子的照顾情况。 5. “It’s well established that the mother’s language does have an impact,” said Nadya Pancsofar, the lead author of the study. 【解析】句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。其中It’s well established that…, 意为“大家公认……”，而真正的主语that the mother’s language does have an impact中的does用来表示强调，意为“的确，确实”。【译文】该研究的主要作者那达亚•潘克索发说：“大家公认母亲的语言的确有影响力。” 试题详解

47.【快速解题】动词辨义题。

K【火眼金睛】本句缺少谓语，根据句中before引导的时间状语从句中的过去时态，可以断定谓语动词应使用过去时。根据句意，备选动词中recruited符合题意。此外备选词中analyzed是强干扰项，但其实并不合适，因为“研究者们分析了92个家庭……，并且逐一询问了他们的收入、受教育状况、孩子的照顾情况。”其中“分析”与“逐一询问”在逻辑意义上不符。 48.【快速解题】动词辨义题。

J【火眼金睛】空格处在with短语中，且应该作宾语parents 的补足语。根据句意可知此处应为“研究人员将他们与父母双方在家自由玩耍的情景录制下来，并记录他们所有的谈话。”可以看出此处需填一个动名词，并含有“记录”的意思，备选动词中recording 符合题意。 49.【快速解题】动词辨义题。

L【火眼金睛】空格位于the 与number之间，可知此处需填入一个形容词作定语。备选形容词中total 符合题意，意为“父母亲话语总的数量”。 50.【快速解题】名词辨义题。

C【火眼金睛】空格位于other 之后，可知此处需填入名词，备选名词只有aspects符合题意，意为“科学家们测量了父母亲话语总的数量，使用不同词汇的数量，他们的语句的复杂程度以及他们语言的其他方面。” 51.【快速解题】动词辨义题。

B【火眼金睛】空格在主语the researchers之后，可知此处应填入谓语动词的过去时态。剩余的备选动词中analyzed 符合题意，意为“最后，当孩子们三岁时，

研究者们对孩子进行了标准化的语言测试，并对他们的语言进行了分析。” 52.【快速解题】名词辨义题。

H【火眼金睛】空格处前后分别为 the 与of，可知此处需填入名词，根据上下文可知该句意为“测试中，预测高分的指标包括母亲受教育的程度，养育孩子的质量，父亲使用不同词汇的数量。”备选名词中quality 符合题意。 53.【快速解题】形容词辨义题。

N【火眼金睛】空格位于be动词与why 从句之间，可知需填入形容词或过去分词，以构成系表结构。动词中的剩余词汇，均不能使句意通顺。备选形容词中unsure可使句意通顺，意为“令研究者们疑惑的是为什么父亲而非母亲的语言对孩子有影响。” 54.【快速解题】动词辨义题。 G【火眼金睛】空格处在is well和that从句之间，此处需要填入过去分词。备选动词中established 符合题意, 其中it is well established that…，意为“大家公认……”。 55.【快速解题】副词辨义题。

A【火眼金睛】本句结构完整，空格处需填入一个副词。空格前后的had并不相同，前面的had是构成过去完成时态的助动词，后面的had是短语have a strong influence on…，结合句意，备选副词中already符合题意。 56.【快速解题】动词辨义题。

E【火眼金睛】纵观全句，空格处应填入现在分词，与are构成现在进行时态。根据句意“最终对于整个学校的文化氛围都会产生有益的影响”。备选动词中contributing符合题意, 意为“可能母亲起作用的方式在研究中我们没有测量。” 全文精译

一项新的研究表明，父母都工作的家庭，父亲可能比母亲对于孩子语言的发展有更大的影响力。

研究者们从十一个幼儿护理中心招募了九十二个家庭，他们的孩子都不到一岁，并且逐一询问了他们的收入、受教育状况、孩子的照顾情况。总之，它们都是受过良好教育的中产阶级家庭，父母双亲都和孩子住在一起。

当孩子两岁时，研究人员将他们与父母双方在家自由玩耍的情景录制下来，并记录他们所有的谈话。该研究将发表在《应用发展心理学杂志》第十一期。科学家们测量了父母亲话语总的数量、使用不同词汇的数量、他们的语句的复杂程度以及他们语言的其他方面。通常，父亲比母亲说的少，但是在话语的长度和问问题的多少方面，他们没有差别。

最后，当孩子们三岁时，研究人员对孩子进行了标准化的语言测试，并对他们的语言进行了分析。测试中，预测高分的指标包括母亲受教育的程度、养育孩子的质量和父亲使用不同词汇的数量。

令研究者们疑惑的是为什么父亲而非母亲的语言对孩子有影响。该研究的主要作者那达亚•潘克索发说：“大家都公认母亲的语言的确有影响力。”也可能因为在研究中能力强的母亲已经对孩子的语言发展产生了很大的影响。她又讲到，“或者可能母亲起作用的方式在研究中我们没有测量。” Section B Passage One 篇章结构

本文是一篇议论文，选自《新闻周刊》2008年11月刊，题目为MICHELLE OBAMA IS A BLACK SKINNED BEAUTY!。全文共五段。第一段作者介绍作为黑人女性，她更关注米歇尔•奥巴马，因为作为准第一夫人，米歇尔代表的正是人们平时极少接触的非洲裔女性美国公民。第二至四段介绍过去人们对黑人女性带有成见的看法，因此米歇尔将代表所有黑人女性来改变世人对她们的看法。最后一段介绍米歇尔作为第一夫人，美国黑人对她的期望，以及她身上所具有的、黑人女性应该学习的品质。核心词汇

9. candidate n. 候选人，申请求职者

【文中实例】Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they’ll change America. 在这个持久而紧张的选举中，每个候选人都成为了众人的焦点，人们关注着他们如何来改变整个美国。

【实例拓展】He is running as a candidate for Liberal party。他作为民主党候选人参选。【举一反三】同义词applicant，seeker，nominee n. 申请者，候选人 10. fascinate v. 使着迷，使极感兴趣【文中实例】I’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, ….我更期待米歇尔•奥巴马，不止期待着她能够为这个国家做些什么，……。【实例拓展】Her beauty fascinated every boy. 她的美貌使所有的男孩子都着了迷。【举一反三】派生词 fascinated a. 着迷的;fascinating a. 令人着迷的;fascination n. 魅力 11. prevailing a. 普遍的，盛行的，流行的

【文中实例】The prevailing theory seems to be that we’re all hot-tempered single mothers who can’t keep a man. 时下流行的看法是大多黑人女性都是脾气暴躁的单身妈妈，吸引不住男人。

【实例拓展】a prevailing set of cultural values 一套盛行的文化价值观【举一反三】派生词prevail (over) v. 胜过，压倒，占优势 12. stereotype n. 陈规，固定的看法

【文中实例】Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can’t escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers. 在人们的想象中，黑人女性给人留下的刻板印象往往是：受人歧视，性交过度，通常被未婚的酒鬼老妈养大。【实例拓展】It’s wrong to stereotype people, as if they were all alike. 把人们看作都是一样的，这是错误的。【举一反三】派生词stereotype v. 使模式化 stereotyped a. 固定化的，老一套的 13. commit v. 承诺，使受约束

【文中实例】Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, …在有机会作为第一夫人去成就一番事业，去做慈善或办基金会之前，……。

【实例拓展】He has committed himself to support them. 他答应负担他们的生活。【举一反三】派生词committed a. 坚定的，忠诚的;commitment n. 承诺，诺言 6. feature n. 特写，专题报道

【文中实例】Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women,…. 因为主流的媒体们都未曾深入地报道过普通非洲裔美国女性，……。

【实例拓展】a frontpage feature on coal mining 头版上关于采煤的特写【举一反三】词义扩展feature n. 特征，容貌;v. 以……为特征，特写难句解析

1. For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the university’s budget. 【解析】when引导时间状语从句，其后是主句，该主句中的familiar with the state government是形容词短语作定语，修饰leader;而句末a major source of the university’s budget 是同位语来说明the state government。

【译文】例如，科罗拉多大学董事会在遴选新校长时，他们想聘用一个与州政府熟悉的领导人，因为州政府是学校的主要资金来源。

2. In 2003，when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “ a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.”

【解析】句首的when 从句是非限制性定语从句，补充说明2003。句子的主句是the university…stressed that…，其中that引出宾语从句。宾语从句中的主句为she had overseen a major strengthening。

【译文】2003年，剑桥大学任命前耶鲁大学教务长艾莉森•理查德为副校长。学校公开强调艾莉森之前的工作确保了“耶鲁大学财政状况良好”。

3. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind to promote international programs and attract a global student body.

【解析】本句的主干简单易懂，是The globalization of education means…。但其后的宾语从句的结构复杂，该从句的主干是more universities will be seeking heads，heads 之后的with international experience of some kind 是介词短语做定语。句末的to promote international programs and attract a global student body是目的状语。【译文】教育全球化意味着更多的大学将要聘用那些具有国际经验的校长，以促进国际间项目的合作，招收留学生。试题详解

62. What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage? 62. 文章中讨论的目前高等教育的趋势是什么? A) Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from the U.S. A) 世界范围的高校正在从美国聘请管理人员。 B) A lot of political activists are being recruited as administrators. B) 大量政治活动家被聘为管理人员。 C) American universities are enrolling more international students. C) 美国大学扩招留学生.

D) University presidents are paying more attention to funding-raising D) 大学校长更加注重筹措资金。

【快速解题】事实细节题。根据题干中the current trend in higher education，定位答案在第二段最后两句。

【正确项分析】根据这两句话Yet the talent flow isn’t universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction: outward from America. 如今，高等教育已成为极具竞争力的商业行为，并且日渐国际化。但是人才的流动并不是世界性的。高层的管理人员往往来自一个地方：美国。选项A意思与之相近，故选择A。【干扰项分析】根据第三段末“筹措资金的能力在很大程度上依靠经验，也是美国校长必须具备的能力”，D项表述与原文不符。B、C项文中均未提及。

63. What is the chief consideration of American universities when hiring top-level administrators? 62.在聘请高层管理人员时，美国大学主要考虑的问题是什么? A) The political correctness. A) 政治方向的准确性。 B) Their ability to raise funds. B) 筹措资金的能力。 C) Their fame in academic circles. C) 学术界的声誉。 D) Their administrative experience. D) 管理经验。

【快速解题】语义理解题。根据题干中the chief consideration，定位答案在第三段第三段。

【正确项分析】在第三段The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist who is likely to excel at the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising。选项B中的raise funds表示“筹款”。答案为B选项。

64. What do we learn about European universities from the passage? 64. 从文章中可以了解关于欧洲大学的哪些信息? A) The tuitions they charge have been rising considerably. A) 学费迅速上涨。

B) Their operation is under strict government supervision. B) 学校运转受到政府严格监督。 C) They are strengthening their position by globalization. C) 他们通过全球化强化自己的位置。 D) Most of their revenues come from the government. D) 大部分资金来源于政府。

【快速解题】语义理解题。根据题干European universities，答案可定位在第四段第一、二句。【正确项分析】根据第四段第一、二句Many European universities are still mostly dependent on government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number。即很多欧洲大学仍然依靠政府投入。而政府的投入却没能跟上不断扩大的学生规模。因此可知学校的大部分资金来源于政府，故选择D选项。【干扰项分析】B项是强干扰项，根据第四段第一、二句可知很多欧洲大学仍然依靠政府投入，但却没有提及学校运转受到政府的严格监督。A、C项文中均未提及。

65. Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor chiefly because _______? 65. 牛津大学为什么任命艾莉森•理查德为副校长? A) She was known to be good at raising money. A) 她在筹措资金方面有名

B) She could help strengthen its ties with Yale. B) 她可以加强与耶鲁大学的联系 C) She knew how to attract students overseas C) 她知道如何吸引海外学生。 D) she had boosted Yale’s academic status. D) 她提升了耶鲁大学的学术地位

【快速解题】事实细节题。根据题干中的Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor，答案可定位在第五段第二句。

【正确项分析】根据the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “ a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.”，学校公开强调艾莉森之前的工作确保了“耶鲁大学财政状况良好”。由此可知她有很强的筹措资金的能力，故选A选项。

66. In what way do top-level administrators from abroad contribute to university development? 66. 外国的高层领导从哪些方面促进了学校的发展? A) They can enhance the university’s image. A) 他们可以提升学校的形象

B) They will bring with them more international faculty. B) 他们可以带来更多国际化人才 C) They will view a lot of things from a new perspective. C) 他们将从新的角度审视问题。

D) They can set up new academic disciplines. D) 他们能创立新的学科

【快速解题】语义理解题。根据题干top-level administrators from abroad contribute to university development答案定位在末段末句。

【正确项分析】该句Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices，告诉读者外国人能够给学校业已成立的体系带来新的活力。此意与C选项的意思相近，故选C选项。全文精译

2009年毕业的高中生进入牛津大学的同时，他们也会迎来一个新的面孔，安德鲁 •汉密尔顿，55岁的耶鲁大学教务长。他将入主牛津，职位相当于美国大学的校长。

汉密尔顿并不是第一位跨越大西洋到外国任职的教育家。法国、埃及、新家坡等一些国家的学校近年来纷纷从国外聘请学校的高层管理人员。像其他商业活动一样，如今，高等教育已成为极具竞争力的商业行为，并且日渐国际化。但是人才的流动并不是世界性的。高层的管理人员往往来自一个地方：美国。

其主要原因是许多学校并不真地想从国外引进人才。例如，科罗拉多大学董事会在遴选新校长时，想聘用一个与州政府熟悉的领导人，因为州政府是学校的主要资金来源。“我们不会在全球范围内聘用校长”，帕特立夏•海说，该校最终聘用了布鲁斯•本森，69岁的科罗拉多州商人、政治活动家。他能够胜任现代大学校长的职务：筹措资金。筹措资金为美国大学所特有，因为美国大学的运转主要依赖捐款。筹措资金的能力在很大程度上依靠经验，也是美国校长必须具备的能力。与此同时，很多欧洲大学仍然依靠政府投入。而政府的投入却没能跟上不断扩大的学生规模。政府投入的减少，使得筹措资金成为学校管理部门的当务之急，于是对美国的人才求贤若渴。

在过去几年里，世界各地的优秀学校都加入了这一行列。2003年，剑桥大学任命前耶鲁大学教务长艾莉森•理查德为副校长。学校公开强调艾莉森之前的工作确保了“耶鲁大学财政状况良好”。

当然，这些外国管理者不仅只是筹措资金。教育全球化意味着更多的大学将要聘用那些具有国际经验的校长，以促进国际间项目的合作，招收留学生。外国人能够给学校业已成立的体系带来新的活力。 Part V Cloze 篇章结构

本次完形填空选自2009年1月20日www.guardian.co.uk网站的一则报道，题目是Older People’s Education ‘neglected’(‘被忽视的’老年教育)，选入本文时略有删减。从题材看，本次完形填空属于论说文体，主题为教育。阐述了教育对于每个阶段的人的重要性和终身学习的意义。全文共六段，第一段首先指出学习对于老年人的重要意义。接着讲述老年人教育面临的种种问题和阻力，与此同时也指出了对老年人进行教育投入的必要性。文章最后提出了一个发人深思的问题：应该有更多的资金来保证人们塑造个性和在“第三年龄段”发挥建设性作用。核心词汇

1. contribute v. 捐助，捐献，贡献

【搭】contribute for 为……捐助;contribute to 把……捐给【拓】contribution n. 贡献，捐献;contributing a. 贡献的 2. focus n. 集中，聚集

【搭】focus one’s attention 集中注意力;focus on/upon 强调，使集中于焦点;focus the camera on 把照相机的焦点对准…… 3. concentrate v. ①专心于，注意 ②集中，聚集

【搭】concentrate efforts 集中力量;concentrate one’s mind 专心【拓】concentration n. 集中，专心难句解析

4. The current approach which focuses on younger people and on skills for employment is not adequate to meet the challenges of demographic change. 【解析】该句的主语是The current approach，主语后跟了一个which引导的定语从句。“is not adequate”是谓语，其后为动词不定式作目的状语。【译文】现在的教育方法倾向于年轻人和技能性训练，难以应对人口结构变化的挑战。

5. The challenges include the fact that most people can expect to spend a third of their lives in retirement, that there are now more people over 59 than under 16 and that 11.3 million people are over state pension age.

【解析】该句看起来很长但结构并不复杂。是由一个主句The challenges include the fact和三个that引导的同位语从句构成的。

【译文】这些挑战包括：多数人生命的三分之一将在退休后度过;五十九岁以上人口数高于十六岁以下人口数;一千一百三十万人达到国家法定领取退休金年龄。 6. People need opportunities to make a “midlife review” to adjust to the later stages of employed life, and to plan for the transition to retirement, which may now happen unpredictably at any point from 50 to over 90.

【解析】本句主句成分为“People need opportunities”，其后是两个动词不定式作目的状语。划线部分是retirement的定语从句。

【译文】人们需要一个“中年回首”的机会来适应以后的工作生涯，规划退休后的角色转化。这种转化可以发生在五十岁到九十多岁的漫长时间内。试题详解

67. 【快速解题】本题考查动词词义辨析。

B【正确项分析】这四个动词都能够与介词on搭配，因此此处应在首段基础上着手分析该句句意。首段提出老年人学习的重要性，而该句“年轻人和技能性训练”指出了该项方法的侧重点。focus on“集中，针对”，因此确定答案为选项B。

【干扰项分析】根据句意可以比较容易地排除其他三此个干扰项，depend on依靠，依赖;count on依靠，指望;operate on对……实施手术。 68. 【快速解题】本题考查形容词词义辨析。

D【正确项分析】该空格所要填的词应该与前文内容相呼应，首段指出老年人需要学习，而本句侧重的是年轻人的职业技能。这说明该教育方法面临挑战，由此可见它是不充分的，因此确定答案为选项D。

【干扰项分析】superior高级的，出众的;essential基本的;regular有规则的，有秩序的。均不符合该句上下文的关系，故排除。【篇章分析】该句句意为“现在的教育方法倾向于年轻人和技能性训练，难以应对人口结构变化的挑战。”older people，younger people和demographic change之间的关系能够帮助考生迅速确定答案。另外从后句的表达也可以帮助找出该题的正确答案。 69. 【快速解题】本题为副词词义辨析题。

A【正确项分析】only 1%指出当前对老年人投入的教育资金之有限，符合题意的选项应为currently“通常，当前”。因此正确选项为选项A。【干扰项分析】barely表示“仅仅，刚刚”;heavily表示“沉重地”;anxiously表示“忧虑地，不安地”，均可轻易排除。 70. 【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。

C【正确项分析】该空在本句中作主语成分，其后面的内容均涉及老龄人口和退休人员的现状，结合前文教育状况，可以判断challenge“挑战”最符合该句句意。因此选C选项。

【干扰项分析】regulation规则，规章;obstacle障碍;guideline方针;用在本句均显勉强。

【篇章分析】虽然本题属于词义辨析题，但根据前后文信息复现能够迅速确定答案。如果考生细心的话，就会发现第二段曾经指出对“人口结构的挑战”，此处列举挑战的种种问题。

71. 【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。

B【正确项分析】解答本题除了能够辨析四个名词词义外，还要从句意入手推敲最符合题意的答案。该句说的是老龄人口的问题，同时指出他们退休后时间漫长，暗示对他们进行教育投入的必要性。所以正确答案为选项B。

【干扰项分析】enjoyment享受，享乐;stability稳定性;inability无能，无力;均不符合题意，故排除。【篇章分析】本题并非单纯的词义辨析，应该在篇章的基础上把握上下文暗示的信息。 72. 【快速解题】本题是介词词义辨析题。

A【正确项分析】从state pension age“领退休金的年龄”，和前文指出的老龄人口之众，可以判断over state pension age “达到国家法定领取退休金年龄”。故正确选项为选项A。

【能力拓展】age不仅仅指年龄，还有很多其他搭配，表示“时期“，如the Stone Age石器时代;the computer age电脑时代。 73. 【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。

B【正确项分析】前文一直在说老年人教育问题，同时强调对这些人进行教育投入的必要性。该句作为第四段主题句，承接上文指出“学习应贯穿人的一生“。所以正确选项为B。

【干扰项分析】practice练习，训练;instruct教导，命令;identify识别，鉴别。均可根据上下文排除。 74. 【快速解题】本题考查固定搭配。

D【正确项分析】该句主语为concentration“集中，专注”，其后常跟介词on，构成concentration on“集中于……”。因此答案为选项D。

【能力拓展】英语中蕴含着丰富的词语搭配，考生在备考过程中有意识地对这些固定搭配进行识记，考试时便可从容应对。例如：live on/by靠……生活，以……为食; lie in在于;appeal to呼吁，要求;aim at瞄准，针对。 75. 【快速解题】本题考查固定搭配。

C【正确项分析】该句要求考生选择动词meet的固定搭配，从其句意可以判断出是“满足要求”之意，meet the needs/requirements是常用的表达。因此正确选项为选项C。

【干扰项分析】realm领域;intention意图，目的;desire期望，欲望。均可排除。

【能力拓展】英语中有些动词常跟固定搭配的名词构成词组，如pay attention to注意;bring access to接近;lay emphasis on强调。考生应在备考中注意积累。 76. 【快速解题】本题为词汇辨析题。

D【正确项分析】该句句意为“大多数教育预算集中在二十五岁以下的年轻人身上。”portion意为“一部分”，故正确选项为选项D。【干扰项分析】measure度量标准;ratio比率;area区域;均不符合题意 77. 【快速解题】本题考查上下文逻辑关系。

A【正确项分析】该句为主从复合句，主句“处在各种年龄段的人们都渴望重新学习的机会”，从句作为一个时间状语指出当前的背景：人们工作和居住地不断

变化，生活伴侣和生活方式也不断更新。因此应该选择选项A。

【干扰项分析】whether引导让步状语从句，可迅速排除;until和before虽引导时间状语从句，但其表达的时间概念不符合本句句意。【篇章分析】该题所要填的是一个表示时间关系的连词，所以要从句意上着手分析。 78. 【快速解题】本题考查词义辨析。

C【正确项分析】通过对本句句式结构的分析可以看出，该空缺处应添一个与jobs，partners和lifestyles相并列的词汇，所以正确选项为选项C。【干扰项分析】mind思想;mood心情;neighbour邻居。比较起来，home更加贴近文中的事实，“人们工作和居住地不断变化”。 79. 【快速解题】本题考查固定搭配。

B【正确项分析】四个选项都有“之前”的意思，所以很难通过词义辨析选出正确答案。但与比较词than搭配时，应固定地使用ever，表示“比以前任何时候都……”，因此正确选项为选项B。

【干扰项分析】formerly“从前，以前”，一般常用former，较少使用formerly;previously“先前，以前”;ago常与某一过去时间段搭配。 80. 【快速解题】本题考查上下文逻辑关系。

A【正确项分析】本句是在前文基础上的一个例证，是为了更好地支撑前面的观点的。所以正确选项为A。

【干扰项分析】by contrast与……相对比;on average一般地;in particular尤其，特别。均与上下文逻辑关系不符，故排除。 81. 【快速解题】本题是词义辨析题。

C【正确项分析】本题不属于固定搭配的考查，因为四个选项都能与to构成搭配。此处说持续学习的重要性，中年阶段的学习会让人们更好地适应以后的生活。adjust“调整，调节，使适应”，因此正确选项为选项C。

【干扰项分析】transform 转换;suit 适应;yield 屈服。均不符合题意。 82. 【快速解题】本题考查固定搭配。

D【正确项分析】该题非常简单，属于对常见短语搭配的考查。与transition搭配的介词为to，表示“向……过渡“。所以正确选项为选项D。 83. 【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。

B【正确项分析】at any point表明上述事情发生的不确定性，unpredictably“不可预知地”。因此正确选项为选项B。【干扰项分析】indirectly间接地;unfairly不公平地;instantly立即地。可排除。 84. 【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。

C【正确项分析】本句句意“有足够支配的钱支撑……。”available“可用的”，因此正确选项为选项C。【干扰项分析】feasible可行的;reliable可靠的，可信赖的;considerable值得考虑的，相当可观的。故排除。 85. 【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。

A【正确项分析】此处表达的意思为“塑造个性感觉”。sense“感觉，感知”，因此确定正确选项为选项A。【干扰项分析】project计划，工程;definition定义;conscience良心，道德心。

【篇章分析】本题干扰项具有很大的迷惑性，很容易导致误选。这就要求考生平时对相关的近义词进行辨析，分清他们的侧重点，同时还要从语篇的角度分析空缺处的意义。

86. 【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。

D【正确项分析】此处为“发挥建设性作用”。因此正确选项为选项D。【干扰项分析】ideal理想;asset 资产，有用的东西;rank等级。故可排除。全文精译

今天发表的一项新的人口研究报告表明：老年人要想不成为社会的负担，继续发挥余热，就必须有更多学习机会。

该报告声称：现在的教育方法倾向于年轻人和技能性训练，难以应对人口结构变化的挑战。占人口总数三分之一的老年人只占有百分之一的教育预算。这些挑战包括：多数人三分之一的生命将在退休后度过;五十九岁以上人数高于十六岁以下人数;一千一百三十万人达到了国家法定领取退休金年龄。报告的作者史蒂芬•迈克威尔教授说：“学习应该贯穿人生的整个过程，我们以前的政策重心和资源配置更多偏重于年轻人，难以适应新的需求。

绝大多数教育预算集中在二十五岁以下的年轻人身上。当今社会，由于人们工作和居住地不断变化，生活伴侣和生活方式也不断更新，处在各种年龄段的人们都渴望重新学习的机会。”例如，该报告指出有些人到了五十多岁又重新开始创业。

人们需要一个“中年回首”的机会来适应以后的工作生涯，规划退休后的角色转化。这种转化可以发生在五十岁到九十多岁的漫长时间内。应该有更多的资金来保证人们塑造个性和在“第三年龄段”发挥建设性作用。 87. had followed my instructions/orders

【结构分析】本句的主语是You。谓语动词是would not have failed。if you had followed my instructions是if引导的条件状语从句。

【要点解析】本题考查的是虚拟语气的用法。①if从句的虚拟语气考查，根据语法规定，如果主句中出现would +have的形式，从句中应该采用had+过去分词的结构。②“按照……的指令”可表达为follow my instructions/orders。③ 根据主句的would not have failed 结构就可以推断这是对过去事实的虚拟，那么从句则是had+done 结构，所以答案为you had followed my instructions/orders。【原句精译】如果你按照我的指令去做，就不会失败了。 88. gave up pursuing knowledge

【结构分析】本句的主语是Mark。谓语是gave up pursuing knowledge。despite the hardship he encountered是despite引导的状语从句。

【要点解析】本题考查动词give的搭配。①“放弃”可译为give up。 ②encounter the hardship也是非常重要的固定搭配，意为“遇到困难”。需要填写的部分应该采用过去时。③“对知识的追求”可译为pursuing knowledge.

【原句精译】尽管马克遇到困难，但是他从未放弃对知识的追求。

【能力拓展】动词give的常见搭配。①give up放弃，交出例：When you graduate, will you give up your study? 你毕业后会不会放弃学习? ②give oneself up to献身于，沉溺于，热衷于例：The boy gives himself up to electronic games. 这个男孩沉溺于电子游戏。③give away泄露，出卖例：He gave my secret away. 他泄露了我的秘密。④give in屈服，让步例：You must give in your examination papers now. 你们现在必须把试卷交上来。 89. before we find the methods of curing cancers/ before we find the cure for cancer

【结构分析】本句的主语是Scientists，谓语是agree，that it will be a long time是that引导的宾语从句，before we find the methods of curing cancers是before引导的时间状语从句。【要点解析】“治愈”可译为cure，而不应译为treat，treat是“治疗”的意思。cure有疗法的意思，所以治愈癌症的方法还可以译为cure for cancer。根据句子

的已知部分，可以判断出填写的部分用一般现在时

【原句精译】科学家们认为，要过很长时间才能找到治愈癌症的方法。

【能力拓展】before引导的状语从句。①句型A：it+be+一段时间+before…：意思是“要过很久才会……”。例：The field research will take John and Mike about five months; it will be a long time before we meet them again. 实地考察要花约翰和迈克五个月的时间;他们过很久才会再见面。②句型B：it was some time before…：意思是“在……之前过了一段时间”。例：He was told that it would be at least three more months before he could recover and return to work. 他被告知至少过三个月才能康复，重返工作岗位。

90. keep pace with the constantly increasing demands of consumers或keep up with the constantly growing needs of consumers

【结构分析】本句的主语是Production，谓语是has to be increased，后面的to keep pace with the constantly increasing demands of consumers是目的状语。【要点解析】 ① 固定搭配“与……保持同步”，可以翻译为keep pace with 或keep up with。②“不断增长的”，可以翻译为increasing，growing或rising。③“需求”可翻译为demands或needs。④“消费者”翻译为consumer。

【原句精译】只有大幅提高产量才能与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步。

【能力拓展】①keep pace with和……并驾齐驱，跟上例：We must work hard to keep pace with the development of modern technology. 我们必须努力学习才能跟上现代科技的发展。②keep up with赶得上，和……保持联系例：Students must work hard to keep up with their school work. 学生必须努力学习才能跟上功课。 91. the fewer chances you will have of catching a cold

【结构分析】本句的前半部分是从句，后半部分是主句。主句的主语是You。谓语是will have。【要点解析】本题主要考查 the more，the less的用法。其用法与the more，the more一致，可翻译为“越……越……”。①固定搭配“可能做某事”，可翻译为be likely to do sth;②固定搭配“感冒”，可翻译为catch a cold。【原句精译】锻炼越多，你越不大可能感冒。

【能力拓展】“越……越……”句型：这种句型表达为：the+比较级+句子，the+比较级+句子。若the more修饰名词，则名词要提前，直接置于the more后，如试题中句子：The more exercise you take, the fewer chances you will have of catching a cold

注意：资料收集于网上，仅供参考。

2009年6月英语四级考试真题与答案

真题：

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should write at least 120

words following the outline given bellow:

1. 2. 3.

越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？也会带来一些问题你的看法？

Free admission to museums

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose

the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

How Do You See Diversity?

As a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for some of the positions with her company .During one interview, she noticed that the candidate never made direct eye contact. She was puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise.

He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,” so she decided to offer the job to her second choice.

“It wasn’t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized the person we passed over was the perfect person,” Tiffany confesses. What she hadn’t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate’s “different” behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding . He was an Asian-American raised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown by averting(避开) your eyes.

“I was just thrown off by the lack of ye contact; not realizing it was cultural,” Tiffany says. “I missed out ,but will not miss that opportunity again.” Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive as different. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse, it

is becoming essential to expand our under-standing of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions . Hire Advantage

At a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult ,employers who can eliminate invalid biases(偏爱) from the process have a distinct advantage .My company, Mindsets LLC ,helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots . A real estate recruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference such training can make .

“During my Mindsets coaching session ,I was taught how to recruit a diversified workforce. I recruited people from different cultures and skill sets .The agents were able to utilize their full potential and experiences to build up the company .When the real estate market began to change, it was because we had a diverse agent pool that we were able to stay in the real estate market much longer than others in the same profession.” Blinded by Gender

Dale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops on supervising a diverse workforce . “Through one of the sessions ,I discovered my personal bias ,” he recalls . “I learned I had not been looking at a person as a whole person , and being open to differences .” In his case , the blindness was not about culture but rather gender .

“I had a management position open in my department ;and the two finalists were a man and a woman . Had I not attended this workshop , I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel . My reasoning would have been that even though both candidates were great and could have been successful in the position , I assumed the woman would have wanted to be home with her children and not travel .”Dale’s assumptions are another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect thinking that limits an organization’s ability to tap into the full potential of a diverse workforce .

“I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation , I needed to present the full range of duties, responsibilities and expectations to all candidates and allow them to make an informed decision .” Dale credits the workshop , “because it helped me make decisions based on fairness .”

Year of the Know-It-All

Doug is another supervisor who attended one of my workshops .He recalls a major lesson learned from his own employee.

“One of my most embarrassing moments was when I had a Chinese-American employee put in a request to take time off to celebrate Chinese New Year . In my ignorance , I assumed he had his dates wrong , as the first of January had just passed . When I advised him of this , I gave him a long talking-to about turning in requests early with the proper dates .

“He patiently waited , then when I was done , he said he would like Chinese New Year did not begin January first , and that Chinese New Year ,which is tied to the lunar cycle ,is one of the most celebrated holidays on the Chinese calendar . Needless to say , I felt very embarrassed in assuming he had his

dates mixed up . But I learned a great deal about assumptions , and that the timing of holidays varies considerably from culture to culture .

“Attending the diversity workshop helped me realize how much I could learn by simply asking questions and creating dialogues with my employees , rather than making assumptions and trying to be a know-it-all ,” Doug admits . “The biggest thing I took away from the workshop is learning how to be more ‘inclusive’ to differences.” A better Bottom Line

An open mind about diversity not only improves organizations internally , it is profitable as well . These comments from a customer service representative show how an inclusive attitude can improve sales .”Most of my customers speak English as a second language . One of the best things my company has done is to contract with a language service that offers translations over the phone . It wasn’t until my boss received Mindsets’ training that she was able to understand how important inclusiveness was to customer service . As result , our customer base has increased .”

Once we start to see people as individuals . and discard the stereotypes , we can move positively toward inclusiveness for everyone . Diversity is about coming together and taking advantage of our differences and similarities . It is about building better communities and organizations that enhance us as individuals and reinforce our shared humanity .

When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past , from the media, peers , family , friends , etc , we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed(有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values . We need to train our-selves to think differently , shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opens doors for all of us ,creating opportunities in organizations and communities that benefit everyone .

1. What bothered Tiffany during an interview with her candidate?

A) He just wouldn’t look her in the eye. B) He was slow in answering her questions.

C) His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant. D) His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant .

2. Tiffany’s misjudgment about the candidate stemmed from . A) Racial stereotypes. C) Racial stereotypes.

B) Invalid personal bias . D) Emphasis on physical appearance

3. What is becoming essential in the course of economic globalization according to the author? A) Hiring qualified technical and management personnel. B) Increasing understanding of people of other cultures.

C) Constantly updating knowledge and equipment.

D) Expanding domestic and international markets. 4. What kind of organization is Mindsets LLC?

A) A real estate agency. C) A cultural exchange organization. B) A personnel training company. D) A hi-tech company

5. After one of the workshops ,account executive Dale realized that . A) He had hired the wrong person.

B) He could have done more for his company. C) He had not managed his workforce well. D) He must get rid of his gender bias.

6. What did Dale think of Mindsets LLC’s workshop? A) It was well-intentioned but poorly conducted. B) It tapped into the executives’ full potential. C) It helped him make fair decisions. D) It met participants’ diverse needs.

7. How did Doug, a supervisor, respond to a Chinese-American employee’s request for leave?

A) He told him to get the dates right. C)He flatly turned it down

B) He demanded an explanation. D)He readily approved it.

8. Doug felt when he realized that his assumption was wrong.

9. After attending Mindsets’ workshops, the participants came to know the importance of to their business.

10. When we view people as individuals and get rid of stereotypes , we can achieve diversity and benefit from the between us.

Part IV Reading Comprehension (reading in depth) (25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word

bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

Every year in the first week of my English class, some students inform me that writhing is too hard. They never write, unless assignments 47 it . They fine the writing process 48 and difficult.

How awful to be able to speak in a language but not to write in it- 49 English , with its rich vocabulary . Being able to speak but not write is like living in an 50 mansion(豪宅) and never leaving one small room . When I meet students who think they can’t write, I know as a teacher my 51 is to show them the rest of the rooms . My task is to build fluency while providing the opportunity inherent in any writing activity to 52 the moral and emotional development of my students . One great way to do this is by having students write in a journal in class every day.

Writing ability is like strength training. Writing needs to be done 53 , just like exercise ; just as muscles grow stronger with exercise , writing skills improve quickly with writing practice. I often see a rise in student confidence and 54 after only a few weeks of journal writing . Expressing oneself in writing is one of the most important skills I teach to strengthen the whole student. When my students practice journal writing, they are practicing for their future academic, political, and 55 lives . They build skills so that some day they might write a great novel, a piece of sorely needed legislation, or the perfect love letter. Every day that they write in their journals puts them a step 56 to fluency , eloquence (雄辩), and command of language .

A) closer I) painful B) daily J) performance C) emotional K) profession D) enhance L) remarkably E) enormous M) require F) especially N) sensitive G) hinder O) urge H) mission Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four

choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

The January fashion show, called FutureFashion , exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines.

The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to fine . “Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and shat your customers are used to,” he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic

cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents. Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs(企业家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable . It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewer than a dozen two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional(过渡型的) cotton at higher prices , thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material . “Mainstream is about to occur,” says Hahn.

Some analysts(分析师) are less sure . Among consumers, only 18%are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer, when asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied: “Not that I’m aware of.” Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she’s on the hunt for “cute stuff that isn’t too expensive.” By her own admission, green just isn’t yet on her mind. But –thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers –one day it will be.

57. What is said about FutureFashion?

A) It inspired many leading designers to start going green. B) It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far. C) It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized. D) It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be made durable.

58. According to Scott Hahn, one big challenge to designers who will go organic is that . A) much more time is needed to finish a dress using sustainable materials . B) they have to create new brands for clothes made of organic materials . C) customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organic materials . D) quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readily available . 59. We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers who undertake green fashion . A) can attend various trade shows free .

B) are readily recognized by the fashion world C) can buy organic cotton at favorable prices . D) are gaining more and more support .

60. What is Natalie Hormilla’s attitude toward ecofashion?

A) She doesn’t seem to care about it. C) She is doubtful of its practical value. B) She doesn’t think it is sustainable D) She is very much opposed to the idea 61. What does the author think of green fashion? A) Green products will soon go mainstream. B) It has a very promising future. C) Consumers have the final say. D) It will appeal more to young people. Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand(缕) of hair , a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims .

The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people’s hair.

“You’re what you eat and drink, and that’s recorded in you hair,” said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah.

While U.S diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as raid clouds move.

Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable , but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes (同位素) . The heaviest raid falls first .As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.

Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months.

Cerling’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a mop of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.

They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly corresponding to the movement of raid systems. “It’s not good for pinpointing (精确定位),” Cerling said . “It’s good for eliminating many possibilities.”

Kimiyuki Suda should be a perfect Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt customer for Japan’s car-makers. He’s a young, Lake.

successful executive at an Internet-services

The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of hair. company in Tokyo and has plenty of disposable

67 . He used to own Toyota’s Hilux Surf, a When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, sport utility vehicle. But now he uses 68 she moved about every two months.

subways and grains . “It’s not inconvenient at

She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming. all ,” he says 69 , “having a car is so 20th

century.” “It’s still a substantial area,” Park said “But it narrows it way down for me.”

Suda reflects a worrisome 70 in Japan;

62. What is the scientists’ new discovery? the automobile is losing its emotional appeal,

71 among the young ,who prefer to spend their A) One’s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.

money on the latest electronic devices. 72

B) A person’s hair may reveal where they have lived. mini-cars and luxury foreign brands are still

popular ,everything in between is 73 .Last C) Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.

years sales fell 6.7 percent, 7.6 percent 74

D) The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person. you don’t count the mini-car market . There have

been ’s personality development. 75 one-year drops in other 63. What does the author mean by “You’re what you eat and drink” (Line 1, Para.3)?A) Food and drink affect onenations :sales in Germany fell 9 percent in 2007

B) Food and drink preferences vary with individuals. 76 a tax increase . But experts say Japan is 77 in that sales have been decreasing steadily C) Food and drink leave traces in one’s body tissues.

78 time. Since 1990, yearly new-car sales have D) Food and drink are indispensable to one’s existence. fallen from 7.8 million to 5.4 million units in

72 2007.

64. What is said about the rainfall in America’s West?

A) There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah. B) The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland. C) Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas. D) It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward. 65. What did Cerling’s team produce in their research?

A) A map showing the regional differences of tap water. B) A collection of hair samples from various barber shops. C) A method to measure the amount of water in human hair. D) A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system. 66. What is the practical value of Cerling’s research?

A) It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions. B) It helps the police determine where a crime is committed. C) It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work. D) It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.

67. A) profit C) income B) payment D) budget 68. A) mostly C) occasionally

B) partially Part V Cloze (15 minutes) D) rarely 69. A) Therefore C) Otherwise B) Besides D) Consequently 70. A) drift C) current B) tide D) trend

71. A) remarkably C) specially 73

B) essentially D )particularly 72. A) While C) When B) Because D) Since

Alarmed

by this state of 79 , the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA)

79. A) mess 80

a comprehensive study of the market in 2006. B) boom It found

80. A) proceeded that a 81 wealth gap, demographic(人口 B)relieved 结构的

) changes and 82 lack of interest in cars 81. A) quickening led Japanese to hold their

B) widening 82. A) average 83

longer , replace their cars with smaller ones 84 B) massive give up car ownership altogether .JAMA

83. A) labels B) cycles 85 a further sales decline of 1.2 percent this

year. 84. A) or B) until Some experts believe that if the trend continues for

85. A) concludes much

longer , further consolidation (合并) in the B) predicts 86. A) distant automotive sector is 86 . B) likely

C) growth D) decay C) launched

D) revised

C) strengthening D) lengthening

C) abundant D) general C) vehicles

D) devices C) but D) then

C) reckons

D) prescribes C) temporary D) immediate

Part VI Translation (5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2. 87. Soon after he transferred to the new school , Ali found that he had (很难跟上班里的同学)in math and English. 88. If she had returned an hour earlier , Mary (就不会被大雨淋湿了).

89. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are (更有可能增加体重). 90. (很多人所没有意识到的) is that Simon is a lover of sports. and football in particular. 91.The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is (与缺乏锻炼密切相关) 参考答案

Part I Writing

Free Admission to Museums（满分版）

Nowadays, an increasing number of museums are admission-free to visitors home and abroad. The hidden reason behind this is not hard to analyze as there’s a growing awareness for the authorities regarding the urgency of popularization of culture, knowledge and history with every average person in our society. Only with free access to this live ‘database’, can most people fully enjoy what museums could offer to them.

However, free admission to museums might lead to some social problems as well. The most obvious problem is that it might give museums a very heavy economic burden which directly impedes the sustainable development of these organizations. As a result, our government has to work out other ways to collect funds from different channels, which might be difficult to operate or control. On the other hand, free admission attracts too many visitors, some of which might not be well-purposed and do some conscious or unconscious damage to the valuable treasures which used to be well-preserved in the museums.

As a university student, I am in favor of the free-admission conduct. Yet it is proposed that some measures should be taken to solve the potential problems caused by it. For example, museums can make some regulations to guide the behavior of visitors or set some ‘closed’ days for museums for regular maintenance. Only in this way can free-admission to museums become a long-lasting phenomenon and have sustainable development.

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

阅读答案

1. A. He just wouldn’t look her in the dye。 2. C cultural ignorance

3.B Increasing understanding of people of other cultures。 4.B A personnel training company。 5. D he must get rid of his gender bias 6.C It helped him make fair decisions。 7.A He told him to get the dates right。 8. embarrassed 9. inclusiveness

10. differences and similarities

47. M require 48. I painful 49.F especially 50. E enormous 51.H mission 52. D enhance 53. B daily 54.J performance

55. K profession 56 A daily 57 A it inspired many leading designers to start going gree 58 D quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readily available 59 D are gaining more and more support 60 A she doesn't seem to care about it 61 B it has a very promising future

62 B a person's hair may reveal where they have lived。 63 C food and drink leave traces in one's body tissues

64 B the water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland。 65 D a chart illustrating the movement of the rain system。

66 C it helps the police narrow down possibililities in detective work。完型：

67. D. budget 68. A. mostly 69. B. besides 70. D. trend 71.D. particularly 72. A. while 73. D. shaking 74. B. if

75. D. larger 76.D. in view of 77. A. unique 78. A. over 79. D. decay 80. A. proceeded 81.B. widening B. massive 83. C. vehicles 84. A. or 85. B. predict 86.B. likely 翻译

87. difficulty (in) catching up with his classmates

82.

88. wouldn’t have been caught by the rain 89. more likely to put on weight 90. What many people don’t realize 91. closely relative to the lack of exercise

注意：资料收集于网上，仅供参考。

2008年12月大学英语四级考试真题

Part I Writing

（30 minutes）

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1.一次性塑料袋的使用

2.使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题 3.限制一次性塑料袋的意义

Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8 -10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

That’s enough, kids

It was a lovely day at the park and Stella Bianchi was enjoying the sunshine with her two children when a young boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the ground.

“I’d watched him for a little while and my son was the fourth or fifth child he’d shoved,” she says.” I went over to them, picked up my son, turned to the boy and said, firmly, ’No, we don’t push,” What happened next was unexpected.

“The boy’s mother ran toward me from across the park,” Stella says,” I thought she was coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for disciplining

her child, All I did was let him know his behavior was unacceptable. Was I supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wanted, hurting other children in the process?”

Getting your own children to play nice is difficult enough. Dealing with other people’s children has become a minefield.

In my house, jumping on the sofa is not allowed. In my sister’s house it’s encouraged. For her, it’s about kids being kids: “If you can’t do it at three, when can you do it?” Each of these philosophies is valid and, it has to be said, my son loves visiting his aunt’s house. But I find myself saying “no” a lot when her kids are over at mine. That’s OK between sisters but becomes dangerous territory when you’re talking to the children of friends or acquaintances.

“Kids aren’t all raised the same,” agrees Professor Naomi White of Monash University.” But there is still an idea that they’re the property of the parent. We see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if you’re saying that my child is behaving inappropriately, then that’s somehow a criticism of me.”

In those circumstances, it’s difficult to know whether to approach the child directly or the parent first. There are two schools of thought.

“I’d go to the child first,” says Andrew Fuller, author of Tricky Kids. Usually a quiet reminder that ’we don’t do that here’ is enough. Kids nave finely tuned antennae (直觉) for how to behave in different settings.”

He points out bringing it up with the parent first may make them feel neglectful, which could cause problems. Of course, approaching the child first can bring its own headaches, too.

This is why White recommends that you approach the parents first. Raise your concerns with the parents if they’re there and ask them to deal with it,” she says.

Asked how to approach a parent in this situation, psychologist Meredith Fuller answers: “Explain your needs as well as stressing the importance of the friendship. Preface your remarks with something like: ’I know you’ll think I’m silly but in my house I don’t want…’”

When it comes to situations where you’re caring for another child, white is straightforward: “common sense must prevail. If things don’t go well, then have a chat.”

There’re a couple of new grey areas. Physical punishment, once accepted from any adult, is no longer appropriate. “A new set of considerations has come to the fore as part of the debate about how we handle children.”

For Andrew Fuller, the child-centric nature of our society has affected everyone:” The rules are different now from when today’s parents were growing up,” he says, “Adults are scared of saying: ’don’t swear’, or asking a child to stand up on a bus. They’re worried that there will be conflict if they point these things out – either from older children, or their parents.”

He sees it as a loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy (礼貌), and says that adults suffer form it as much as child.

Meredith Fuller agrees: “A code of conduct is hard to create when you’re living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last.”

“It’s about what I’m doing and what I need,” Andrew Fuller says. ”the days when a kid came home from school and said, “I got into trouble”. And dad said, ‘you probably deserved it’. Are over. Now the parents are charging up to the school to have a go at teachers.”

This jumping to our children’s defense is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells” feeling that surrounds our dealings with other people’s children. You know that if you remonstrate(劝诫) with the child, you’re going to have to deal with the parent. It’s admirable to be protective of our kids, but is it good?

“Children have to learn to negotiate the world on their own, within reasonable boundaries,” White says. “I suspect that it’s only certain sectors of the population doing the running to the school –better –educated parents are probably more likely to be too involved.”

White believes our notions of a more child-centered, it’ a way of talking about treating our children like commodities(商品). We’re centered on them but in ways that reflect positively on us. We treat them as objects whose appearance and achievements are something we can be proud of, rather than serve the best interests of the children.”

One way over-worked, under-resourced parents show commitment to their children is to leap to their defence. Back at the park, Bianchi’ intervention(干预) on her son’ behalf ended in an undignified exchange of insulting words with the other boy’ mother.

As Bianchi approached the park bench where she’d been sitting, other mums came up to her and congratulated her on taking a stand. “Apparently the boy had a longstanding reputation for bad behaviour and his mum for even worse behaviour if he was challenged.”

Andrew Fuller doesn’t believe that we should be afraid of dealing with other people’s kids. “look at kids that aren’t your own as a potential minefield,” he says. He recommends that we don’t stay silent over inappropriate behaviour, particularly with regular visitors. 1. What did Stella Bianchi expect the young boy’s mother to do when she talked to him? A) make an apology

B) come over to intervene C) discipline her own boy D) take her own boy away

2. What does the author say about dealing with other people’s children? A) it’s important not to hurt them in any way B) it’s no use trying to stop their wrongdoing C) it’s advisable to treat them as one’s own kids D) it’s possible for one to get into lots of trouble

3. According to professor Naomi white of Monash university, when one’s kids are criticized, their parents will probably feel___________________________ A) discouraged B) hurt C) puzzled

D) overwhelmed

4. What should one do when seeing other people’s kids misbehave according to Andrew fuller? A) talk to them directly in a mild way B) complain to their parents politely C) simply leave them alone D) punish them lightly

5. Due to the child-centric nature of our society, ______________________ A) parents are worried when their kids swear at them

B) people think it improper to criticize kids in public C) people are reluctant to point our kids’ wrongdoings D) many conflicts arise between parents and their kids

6. In a world where everyone is exhausted from over work and lack of sleep,____________________________ A) it’s easy for people to become impatient B) it’s difficult to create a code of conduct C) it’s important to be friendly to everybody D) it’s hard for people to admire each other

7. How did people use to respond when their kids got into trouble at school? A) they’d question the teachers B) they’d charge up to the school C) they’d tell the kids to clam down D) They’d put the blame on their kids

8. Professor white believes that the notions of a more child-centred society should be____________________ 9. According to professor white, today’s parents treat their children as something they___________________ 10. Andrew fuller suggests that , when kids behave inappropriately, people should not______________________

Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 11. A)Only true friendship can last long. B)Letter writing is going out of style.

C)She keeps in regular touch with her classmates. D)She has lost contact with most of her old friends. 12. A) A painter. C) A porter. B) A mechanic. D) A carpenter.

13. A) Look for a place near her office. C) Make inquiries elsewhere.

B) Find a new job down the street. D) Rent the $600 apartment. 14. A) He prefers to wear jeans with a larger waist. B) He has been extremely busy recently. C) He has gained some weight lately.

D) He enjoyed going shopping with Jane yesterday. 15. A)The woman possesses a natural for art.

B) Women have a better artistic taste than men. C) He isn’t good at abstract thinking. D) He doesn’t like abstract paintings.

16. A) She couldn’t have left her notebook in the library. B) she may have put her notebook amid the journals.

C) she should have made careful notes while doing reading. D) she shouldn’t have read his notes without his knowing it.

17. A)she wants to get some sleep C) she has a literature class to attend B) she needs time to write a paper D)she is troubled by her sleep problem 18. A)He is confident he will get the job. B)His chance of getting the job is slim.

C)It isn’t easy to find a qualified sales manager. D)The interview didn’t go as well as he expected.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. A)He can manage his time more flexibly. B)He can renew contact with his old friends. C)He can concentrate on his own projects. D)He can learn to do administrative work. 20. A)Reading its ads in the newspapers. B)Calling its personnel department. C)Contacting its manager. D)Searching its website.

21. A)To cut down its production expenses. B)To solve the problem of staff shortage.

C)To improve its administrative efficiency. D)To utilize its retired employees’ resources.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 22. A)Buy a tractor. B)Fix a house.

C)See a piece of property. D)Sing a business contract.

23. A)It is only forty miles form where they live. B)It is a small one with a two-bedroom house. C)It was a large garden with fresh vegetables. D)It has a large garden with fresh vegetables. 24. A)Growing potatoes will involve less labor. B)Its soil may not be very suitable for corn. C)It may not be big enough for raising corn. D)Raising potatoes will be more profitable.

25. A)Finances B)Equipment C)Labor D)Profits

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26 A) To introduce the chief of the city’s police force B)To comment on a talk by a distinguished guest C)To address the issue of community security D)To explain the functions of the city council

27 A)He has distinguished himself in city management B)He is head of the International Police Force C)He completed his higher education abroad

D)He holds a master’s degree in criminology 28 A)To coordinate work among police departments B)To get police officers closer to the local people C)To help the residents in times of emergency D)To enable the police to take prompt action 29 A)Popular

B)discouraging C)effective D)controversial

Passage Two

Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. 30 A)people differ greatly in their ability to communicate B)there are numerous languages in existence C)Most public languages are inherently vague

D)Big gaps exist between private and public languages 31 A)it is a sign of human intelligence B)in improves with constant practice C)it is something we are born with D)it varies from person to person

32 A)how private languages are developed B)how different languages are related C)how people create their languages D)how children learn to use language

Passage Three

Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 33 A)she was a tailor B)she was an engineer

C)she was an educator D)she was a public speaker 34.A)Basing them on science-fiction movies. B) Including interesting examples in them

C) Adjusting them to different audiences

D) Focusing on the latest progress in space science 35.A) Whether spacemen carry weapons B) How spacesuits protect spacemen C) How NASA trains its spacemen D) What spacemen cat and drink

Section C

Crime is increasing world wide. There is every reason to believe the (36)____will continue through the next few decades.

Crime rates have always been high in multicultural, industrialized societies such as the United States, but a new (37) ____has appeared on the world (38)____rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few(39)____. Street crimes such as robbery, rape (40) ___and auto theft are clearly rising (41)___in eastern European countries such as Hungary and in western European nations such as the united Kingdom.

What is driving this crime (42)____?There are no simple answers. Still，there are certain conditions(43) _______with rising crime increasing heterogeneity (混杂) of populations, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of government,(44) _________________________________________________.

These conditions are increasingly observable around the world. For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogeneous(同种类的) ,such as Japan, Denmark and Greece (45)_______________________.

Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of values. Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the twenty-first century, and (46)_______________________

Part IV Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）（25 minutes）

Section A

Question 47-56

A bookless life is an incomplete life. Books influence the depth and breadth of life. They meet the natural______47_____for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of life. Learners, therefore, must have books, and the right type of book, for the satisfaction of their need. Readers turn______48_____ to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to ____49 _____ from their own limited environment lead them to find in

books food for the mind and the spirit. Through their reading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the world as it was and it is now. They are presented with a __50 _____ of human experiences and come to ___51 ____ other ways of thought and living. And while ____52 ____ their own relationships and responses to life , the readers often find that the ___53__ in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own.

Books provide ___54 ____ material for readers’ imagination to grow. Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates achievement. While enriching their imagination, books __55 ____their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure ___56 ___. The social and educational significance of the readers’ books cannot be overestimated in an academic library.

A. Abundant B. Characters C. Communicating D. Completely E. Derive F. Desire G. Diversity H. Escape I. Establishing J. Narrow K. Naturally L. Personnel M. Properly N. Respect O. Widen

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

If you are a male and you are reading this ,congratulations: you are a survivor .According to statistics .you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman.

There are many reasons for this-typically, men take more risks than woman and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor.

“Men aren’t seeing doctors as often as they should, ” says Dr. Gullotta, “This is particularly so for the over-40s,when diseases tend to strike.” Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45,it should be at least once a year. Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old ma who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year.

“When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer” he says, “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged this life”

According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group. “A lot of men think they are invincible （不可战胜的）”Gullotta says “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think” Geez, if it could happen to him.

Then there is the ostrich approach,” some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know, ” says Dr. Ross Cartmill.

“Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,” Cartmill says .He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.

Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says.” But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death.”

57.Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage? A. They are more likely to survive serious diseases today. B. Their average life span has been considerably extended. C. They have lived long enough to read this article. D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live.

58.What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women? A. men drink and smoke much more than women B. men don’t seek medical care as often as women C. men aren’t as cautions as women in face of danger D. men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases

59. Which of the following best completes the sentence “Geez, if it could happen to him…’(line2,para,8)? A. it could happen to me, too B. I should avoid playing golf C. I should consider myself lucky D. it would be a big misfortune

60what does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach”(line q para.9) A. a casual attitude towards one’s health conditions B. a new therapy for certain psychological problems

C. refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved D. unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear 61. What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men? A.They may increase public expenses B.They will save money in the long run

C.They may cause psychological strains on men D.They will enable men to live as long as women

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

High-quality customer service is preached(宣扬) by many ,but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than done

Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will listen.

Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide t frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde group and Wharton school

“Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,” said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde group.” the store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement.”

On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four other, and will no longer visit the specific store for every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews. The resulting “snowball effect” can be disastrous to retailers.

According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most problems. ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers.

The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered (塞满了的) shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople. During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting（业余兼职的）local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces. This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.

Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions.

Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers.

“Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly.” said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.”

Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答

62. Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints?

A Most customers won’t bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiences. B Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them. C Few customers believe the service will be improved. D Customers have no easy access to store managers.

63. What does Paula Courtney imply by saying “ … the shopper must also find a replacement” (Line 2, Para. 4)? A New customers are bound to replace old ones.

B It is not likely the shopper can find the same products in other stores. C Most stores provide the same

D Not complaining to the manager causes the shopper some trouble too.

64. Shop owners often hire moonlighting police as parking attendants so that shoppers_____ A can stay longer browsing in the store B won’t have trouble parking their cars C won’t have any worries about security D can find their cars easily after shopping

65. What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers? A Manners of the salespeople B Hiring of efficient employees C Huge supply of goods for sale D Design of the store layout.

66. To achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to _________. A exert pressure on stores to improve their service B settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic way C voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directly D shop around and make comparisons between stores

Part V Cloze （15 minutes）

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Playing organized sports is such a common experience in the United States that many children and teenagers that them for granted. This is especially true__67__children from families and communities that have the resources needed to organize and__68__sports programs and make sure that there is easy__69__to participation opportunities. Children in low-income families and poor communities are__70__likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often__71__the resources needed to pay for participation__72__, equipment, and transportation to practices and games__73__ their communities do not have resources to build and__74__sports fields and facilities.

Organized youth sports__75__appeared during the early 20th century in the United States and other wealthy nations. They were originally developed__76__some educators and developmental experts__77__that the behavior and character of children were__78__influenced by their social surrounding and everyday experiences. This__79__many people to believe that if you could organize the experiences of children in__80__ways, you could influence the kinds of adults that those children would become.

This belief that the social__81__influenced a person’s overall development was very__82__to people interested in progress and reform in the United States__83__the beginning of the 20th century. It caused them to think about__84__they might control the experiences of children to__85__responsible and productive adults. They believed strongly that democracy depended on responsibility and that a__86__capitalist economy depended on the productivity of worker.

67. A. among B. within C. on D. towards 68. A. spread B. speed C. spur D. sponsor 69. A. access B. entrance C. chance D. route 70 A. little B. less C. more D. much 71. A. shrink B. tighten C. limit D. lack 72. A. bill B accounts C. fees D. fare 73. A. so B. as C. and D. but

74. A. maintain B. sustain C. contain D. entertain 75.A. last B. first C. later D. finally 76.A. before B. while C. until D. when

77.A. realized B. recalled C. expected D. exhibited 78.A. specifically B. excessively C. strongly D. exactly 79. A. moved B. conducted C. put D. led

80. A. precise B. precious C. particular D. peculiar 81.A. engagement B. environment C. state D. status

82.A. encouraging B. disappointing C. upsetting D. surprising 83.A. for B. with C. over D. at

84.A. what B. how C. whatever D. however

85.A. multiply B. manufacture C. produce D. provide 86.A. growing B. breeding C. raising D. flying

Part Ⅵ Translation (5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.

87.Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems______________(他们至今还没有答案) 88.______________________ (大多数父母所关心的) is providing the best education possible for their children. 89.You’d better take a sweater with you_____________________________________________ (以防天气变冷) 90.Throught the project, many people have received training and__________________________ (决定自己创业) 91.The anti-virus agent was not known___________________________________(直到一名医生偶然发现了它)

答案：（提示：答案来源于网络，仅供参考）

快速阅读

1. A 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. challenged 9. can be proud of 10. stay silent 听力：

11. D) She has lost contact with most of her old friends. 12. D) A painter.

13. C) Make inquires elsewhere.

14. C) He has gained some weight lately. 15. D) He doesn't like abstract paintings.

16. B) She may have put her notebook amid the journals. 17. A) She wants to get some sleep.

18. B) His chance of getting the job is slim.

19. A He can manage his time more flexible. 20. D Searching its website.

21. D To utilize its retired employee's resources. 22 C See a piece of property.

23. B It is a small one with a two-bedroom house. 24. C It may now be big enough for raising corn. 25. A Finances.

26. A) To introduce the chief of the city' police force. 27. D) He holds a master's degree in criminology. 28. B) To get police officers closer to the local people. 29. C) Effective.

30. B) There are numerous languages in existence. 31. C) It is something we are born with. 32. D) How children learn to use language. 33. B) She was an engineer.

34. C) Adjusting them to different audiences. 35. A) Whether spacemen carry weapons.

复合式听写

36 trend 37 phenomenon 38 scene 39 offenses 40 murder 41 particularly 42 explosion 43 associated

44changing national borders, greater economic growth, and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong 45 are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been common in America for most of its history

46 failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime problems Reading Comprehension 阅读理解 Section A

47. F/ desire 48. K/ naturally 49. H/ escape 50. G/ diversity 51. N/ respect 52. I/ establishing 53. B/ characters 54. A/ abundant 55. O/ widen 56. M/ properly 57 A they are more likely to survive serious diseases today. 58 B men don't seek medical care as often as women, 59 A it could happen to me, too

60 D unwillingness to find out about one's decease because of fear. 61 B they will save money in the long run.

62 B customer would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them. 63 C most stores provide the same kind of service. 64 B won't have to trouble parking their cars. 65 A manners of the salespeople

66 C voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directly. 完型填空

67. A. among 68. D. sponsor 69. A. access 70. B. less 71. D. lack 72. C. fees 73. B. as 74. A. maintain 75. B. first 76. D. when 77. A. realized 78. C. strongly 79. D. led

80. C. particular 81. B. environment 82. A. encouraging 83. D. at 84. B. how 85. C. produce 86. A. growing 翻译

87. (that/which) they haven't found solution to 88. What most parents concern 89. in case it (should) turn cold.

90. decided to launch their own enterprise

91. until a doctor discovered it by chance.

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Recreational Activities

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write A Letter of Apology according to the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1.娱乐活动多种多样

2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性 3.作为大学生，我的看法。

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Media Selection for Advertisements

After determining the target audience for a product or service, advertising agencies must select the appropriate media for the advertisement. We discuss here the major types of media used in advertising. We focus on attention on seven types of advertising: television, newspapers, radio, magazines, out-of-home, Internet, and direct mail.

Television

Television in an attractive medium for advertising because it delivers mass audiences to advertisers. When you consider that nearly three out of four Americans have seen the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? you can understand the power of television to communicate with a large audience. When advertisers create a brand, for example, they want to impress consumers with the brand and its image. Television provides an ideal vehicle for this type of communication. But television is an expensive medium, and not all advertisers can afford to use it.

Television’s influence on advertising is fourfold. First, narrowcasting means that television channels are seen by an increasingly narrow segment of the audience. the Golf Channel, for instance, is watched by people who play golf. Home and Garden Television is seen by those interested in household improvement projects. Thus, audiences are smaller and more homogeneous (具有共同特点的) than they have been in the past. Second, there is an increase in the number of television channels available to viewers, and thus, advertisers. This had also resulted in an increase in the sheer number of advertisements to which audiences are exposed. Third, digital recording devices allow audience members more control over which commercials they watch. Fourth, control over programming is being passed from the networks to local cable operators and satellite programmers.

Newspapers

After television, the medium attracting the next largest annual as revenue is newspapers. The New York Times, which reaches a national audience, accounts for $1 billion in ad revenue annually. It has increased its national circulation (发行量) by 40% and is now available for home delivery in 168 cities. Locally, newspapers are the largest advertising medium.

Newspapers are a less expensive advertising medium than television and provide a way for advertisers to communicate a longer, more detailed message to their audience than they can through television. Given new production techniques, advertisements can be printed in about 48 hours, meaning newspapers are also a quick way of getting the message out. Newspapers are often the most important form of news for a local community, and they develop a high degree of loyalty from local readers.

Radio

Advertising on radio continues to grow. Radio is often used in conjunction with outdoor bill-boards (广告牌) and the Internet to reach even more customers than television. Advertisers are likely to use radio because it is a less expensive medium than television, which means advertisers can afford to repeat their ads often. Internet companies are also

turning to radio advertising. Radio provides a way for advertisers to communicate with audience members at all times of the day. Consumers listen to radio on their way to school or work, at work, on the way home, and in the evening hours.

Two major changes—satellite and Internet radio—will force radio advertisers to adapt their methods. Both of these radio forms allow listeners to tune in stations that are more distant than the local stations they could receive in the past. As a result, radio will increasingly attract target audiences who live many miles apart.

Magazines

Newsweeklies, women’s titles, and business magazines have all seen increases in advertising because they attract the high-end market. Magazines are popular with advertisers because of the narrow market that they deliver. A broadcast medium such as network television attracts all types of audience members, but magazine audiences are more homogeneous. If you read Sports Illustrated, for example, you have such in common with the magazine’s other readers. Advertisers see magazines as an efficient way of reaching target audience members.

Advertisers using the print media—magazines and newspapers—will need to adapt to two main changes. First, the Internet will bring larger audiences to local newspapers. These audiences will be more diverse and geographically dispersed (分散) than in the past. Second, advertisers will have to understand how to use an increasing number of magazines for their target audiences. Although some magazines will maintain national audiences, a large number of magazines will entertain narrower audiences.

Out-of-home advertising

Out-of-home advertising, also called place-based advertising, has become an increasingly effective way of reaching consumers, who are more active than ever before. Many consumers today do not sit at home and watch television. Using billboards, newsstands, and bus shelters for advertising is an effective way of reaching these on-the-go consumers. More consumers travel longer distances to and from work, which also makes out-of-home advertising effective. Technology has changed the nature of the billboard business, making it a more effective medium than in the past. Using the digital printing, billboard companies can print a billboard in 2 hours, compared with 6 days previously. This allows advertisers more variety in the types of messages they create because they can change their messages more quickly.

Internet

As consumers become more comfortable with online shopping, advertisers will seek to reach this market. As consumers get more of their news and information from the Internet, the ability of television and radio to get the word out to consumers will decrease. The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads that audience members remember. Internet advertising will play a more prominent role in organizations’ advertising in the near future. Internet audiences tend to be quite homogeneous, but small. Advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reach these audiences and will have to adapt their persuasive strategies to the inline medium as well. Direct mail

A final advertising medium is direct mail, which uses mailings to consumers to communicate a client’s message. Direct mail includes newsletters, postcards, and special promotion. Direct mail is an effective way to build relationships with consumers. For many businesses, direct mail is the most effective form of advertising. 1. Television is an attractive advertising medium in that ________.

A) it has large audiences B) it appeals to housewives

2. With the increase in the number of TV channels, ________. A) the cost of TV advertising has decreased

C) advertisers’ interest in other media has decreased D) the number of TV ads people can see has increased A) earn a larger annual ad revenue B) convey more detailed messages

4. Advertising on radio continues to grow because _______. A) more local radio stations have been set up B) modern technology makes it more entertaining

5. Magazines are seen by advertisers as an efficient way to _______. A) reach target audiences B) appeal to educated people

6. Out-of-home advertising has become more effective because _______. A) billboards can be replaced within two hours B) consumers travel more now than ever before

7. The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads that are ________. A) quick to update B) pleasant to look at

8. Internet advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reach audiences that tend to be _______. 9. Direct mail is an effective form of advertising for business to develop ________. 10. This passage discusses how advertisers select ________ for advertisements.

11. A) Given his ankle a good rest.

B) Treat his injury immediately. 12. A) On a train. B) On a plane.

13. A) A tragic accident. B) A sad occasion.

14. A) Review the detail of all her lessons. B) Compare notes with his classmates.

15. A) The man blamed the woman for being careless. B) The man misunderstood the woman’s apology. 16. A) Extremely tedious. B) Hard to understand. 17. A) Attending every lecture. B) Doing lots of homework.

18. A) The digital TV system will offer different programs. B) He is eager to see what the new system is like. C) He thinks it unrealistic to have 500 channels. D) The new TV system may not provide anything better. 19. A) A notice by the electricity board. B) Ads promoting electric appliances. 20. A) Speaking with a proper accent.

B) Wearing an official uniform.

21. A) To be on the alert when being followed. B) Not to leave senior citizens alone at home. 22. A) She was robbed near the parking lot. B) All her money in the bank disappeared.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23. A) Marketing consultancy. B) Professional accountancy.

24. A) Having a good knowledge of its customs. B) Knowing some key people in tourism. 25. A) It will bring her potential into full play. B) It will involve lots of train travel.

Section B Passage One

26. A) The lack of time. B) The quality of life.

27. A) They were just as busy as people of today.

C) it helps build up a company’s reputation D) it is affordable to most advertisers

B) the number of TV viewers has increased

3. Compare with television, newspapers as an advertising medium _______. C) use more production techniques D) get messages out more effectively C) it provides easy access to consumers

D) it has been revolutionized by Internet radio C) attract diverse audiences D) convey all kinds of messages

C) such ads have been made much more attractive D) the pace of urban life is much faster nowadays C) easy to remember D) convenient to access

Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A C) Continue his regular activities. D) Be careful when climbing steps. C) In a theater. D) In a restaurant.

C) Smith’s unusual life story. D) Smith’s sleeping problem.

C) Talk with her about his learning problems. D) Focus in the main points of her lectures.

C) The woman offered to pay for the man’s coffee. D) The woman spilt coffee on the man’s jacket.C) Lacking a good plot. D) Not worth seeing twice. C) Reading very extensively. D) Using test-taking strategies.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. C) The description of a thief in disguise. D) A new policy on pensioners’ welfare. C) Making friends with them. D) Showing them his ID.

C) Not to let anyone in without an appointment. D) To watch out for those from the electricity board. C) The pension she had just drawn was stolen. D) She was knocked down in the post office.

C) Luxury hotel management.

D) Business conference organization. C) Having been to the country before. D) Being able to speak Japanese.

C) It will enable her to improve her Chinese. D) It will give her more chances to visit Japan.

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the conversation you have just heard. C) The frustrations at work.

D) The pressure on working families.

B) They saw the importance of collective efforts.

C) They didn’t complain as much as modern man.

28. A) To look for creative ideas of awarding employees. B) To explore strategies for lowering production costs. C) To seek new approaches to dealing with complaints. 29. A) Family violence.

B) The Great Depression. 30. A) His advanced age. B) His children’s efforts. 31. A) Love is blind. B) Love breeds love. Passage Three

32. A) It was located in a park.

B) Its owner died of a heart attack.

33. A) Planting some trees in the greenhouse. B) Writing a want ad to a local newspaper. 34. A) Opening an office in the new office park. B) Keeping better relations with her company. 35. A) Owning the greenhouse one day. B) Securing a job at the office park. D) They lived a hard life by hunting and gathering.

D) To find effective ways to give employees flexibility. Passage Two

Questions 29 to 31 are based on the conversation you have just heard. C) Her father’s disloyalty. D) Her mother’s bad temper.

C) His improved financial condition. D) His second wife’s positive influence.

C) Divorce often has disastrous consequences. D) Happiness is hard to find in blended families.

Questions 32 to 35 are based on the conversation you have just heard. C) It went bankrupt all of a sudden. D) Its potted plants were for lease only. C) Putting up a Going Out of Business sign. D) Helping a customer select some purchases. C) Developing fresh business opportunities. D) Building a big greenhouse of his own. C) Cultivating more potted plants. D) Finding customers out of town.

Section C We’re now witnessing the emergence of an advanced economy based on information and knowledge. Physical (36) ________, raw materials, and capital are no longer the key (37) ________ in the creation of wealth. Now, the (38) _______ raw material in our economy is knowledge. Tomorrow’s wealth depends on the development and exchange of knowledge. And (39) _______ entering the workforce offer their knowledge, not their muscles. Knowledge workers get paid for their education and their ability to learn. Knowledge workers (40) ________ in mind work. They deal with symbols: (41) ________, and data. What does all this mean for you? As a future knowledge worker, you can expect to be (42) ________, processing, as well as exchanging information, (43) _______, three out of hour jobs involve some form of mind work, and that number will increase sharply in the future. Management and employees alike (44)_______________________________________________________________________.

In the new world of work, you can look forward to being in constant training (45) _______________________________________________________________. And don’t wait for someone to “empower” you. You have to empower yourself.

Section A Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly _47_ to know my way around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was _48_ to a little college French.

I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, _49_ unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems, set up _50_ and do research? It seemed impossible, and with considerable _51_ I sat down to write a letter begging off. Halfway through, a thought can through my mind: you can learn if you don’t try. So I accepted the assignment.

There were some bad _52_. But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places, without guiders or even _53_ bookings, confident that somehow I will manage.

The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition _54_. But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world opens to you.

I’ve learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a _55_. And I know I’ll go on doing such things. It’s not because I’m braver or more daring than others. I’m not. But I’ll accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can _56_ wonders. I) manufacture J) moments K) news L) reduced M) regret N) scary O) totally

condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else’s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.

No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they’re “doing something.” Consider the Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn’t. But it hasn’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (签字国) didn’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.

The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.

The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it’s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don’t solve the engineering problem, we’re helpless. 57. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

A) accomplish B) advanced C) balloon D) claim E) constantly F) declare G) interviews H)limited

Section B Passage One

Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but regardless of whether it is or isn’t –we won’t do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.

Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth,” as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don’t know enough to relieve global warming, and –without major technological breakthroughs—we can’t do much about it.

From 2003 to 2050, the world’s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. but that’s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we A) It may not prove an environmental crisis at all. B) It is an issue requiring world wide commitments.

58. According to the author’s understanding, what is Al Gore’s view on global warming?

C) Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it. D) Very little will be done to bring it under control.

A) It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.

B) It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences. C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized. A) economic growth

B) the widening gap between the rich and poor

60. The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, ________. A) politicians have started to do something to better the situation B) few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy use

C) reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warming D) international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems 61. What is the message the author intends to convey?

A) Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one. B) The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology

C) The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs. D) People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.

Passage Two

Someday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the Websites you’ve visited. Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchase or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.

In fact, it’s likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen — the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.

Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it’s important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs (碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple Google search can reveal what A) Friends should open their hearts to each other. B) Friends should always be faithful to each other.

64. Why does the author say “we live in a world where you simple cannot keep a secret” (Line 5, Para.3)? A) Modern society has finally evolved into an open society. B) People leave traces around when using modern technology. C) There are always people who are curious about others’ affairs. C) They rely more and more on electronic devices.

66. According to the passage, privacy is like health in that ________. A) people will make every effort to keep it B) its importance is rarely understood

Part V Cloze (15 minutes)

Universities are institution that teach a wide variety of subjects at advanced levels. They also carry out research work aimed _67_ extending man’s knowledge of these subjects. The emphasis given to each of these functions _68_ from university to university, according to the views of the people in _69_ and according to the resources available. The smaller and newer universities do not _70_ the staff or equipment to carry out the _71_ research projects possible in larger institutions. _72_ most experts agree that some research activity is _73_ to keep the staff and their students in _74_ with the latest developments in 67. A) at B) by C) to 68.A) turns B) ranges

69.A) prospect B) place

70.A) occupy B) possess

71.A) maximum B) medium

72.A) But B) As C) While

73.A) natural B) essential C) functionalD) optional

74.A) coordination B) accordance C) touch D) grasp 75.A) acquire B) accept C) endure D) ensure

76.A) procession B) profession C) possession D) preference 77.A) typical B) true C) mere D) only 78.A) with B) under C) on D) through

79.A) prompt B) provoke C) encourage D) anticipate 80.A) histories B) expressions C) interests D) curiosities

D) It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.

59. Green house emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _______. C) wasteful use of energy

D) the rapid advances of science and technology

you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simple cannot keep a secret. The key question is: Does that matter?

When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is “slipping away, and that bothers me.”

But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths (收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon (优惠券).

But privacy does matter – at least sometimes. It’s like health: When you have it, you don’t notice it. Only when it’s gone do you wish you’d done more to protect it.

62. What does the author mean by saying “the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked ”(Lines 3-4, Para.2)? A) People’s personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge. B) In the 21st century people try every means to look into others’ secrets. C) People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age. D) Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.

63. What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends? C) There should be a distance even between friends. D) There should be fewer disputes between friends.

D) Many search engines profit by revealing people’s identities. 65. What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection? A) They change behaviors that might disclose their identity. B) They use various loyalty cards for business transactions. D) They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it.

C) it is something that can easily be lost D) people don’t cherish it until they lose it their subjects.

Most students attend a university mainly to _75_ the knowledge needed for their chosen _76_. Educationists believe that this aim should not be the _77_ one. Universities have always aimed to produce men and women _78_ judgment and wisdom as well as knowledge. For this reason, they _79_ students to meet others with differing _80_ and to read widely to _81_ their understanding in many fields of study. _82_ a secondary school course, a student should be interested enough in a subject to enjoy gaining knowledge for its own _83_. He should be prepared to _84_ sacrifices to study his chosen _85_ in depth. He should have an ambition to make some 86 contribution to man’s knowledge. D) in C) moves D) varies C) control D) favor C) involve D) spare C) virtual D) vast

81.A) broaden B) lengthen C) enforce D) specify

82.A) Amid B) After C) Over D) Upon 83.A) object B) course C) effect D) sake 84.A) take B) make C) suffer D) pay

85.A) field B) scope C) target D) goal

86.A) radical B) truthfu l C) meaningful D) init

Part VI Translation (5 minutes)

87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research ___________________(能应用于新技术的开发)。 88. I can’t boot my computer now. something ___________(一定出了什么毛病) with its operation system.

89. Leaving one’s job, ________________(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.

90. __________________________ (与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting. 91. _________________________________(直到他完成使命) did he realize that he was seriously ill.

Part Ⅱ 快速阅读答案

1. A) it has large audiences

2. D) the number of TV ads people can see has increased

3. B) convey more detailed messages

4. C) it provides easy access to consumers

5. A) reach target audiences

6. B) consumers travel more now than ever before

7. C) easy to remember

8. quite homogeneous, but small.

9. relationships with consumers

10. the appropriate media

Part Ⅲ 听力

11. A) Give his ankle a good rest.

12. C) In a theater.

13. B) A sad occasion.

14. D) Focus on the main points of her lectures.

15. D) The woman split coffee on the man’s skirt.

16. B) Hard to understand.

17. A) Attending every lecture.

18. D) The new TV program may not provide anything better. 长对话1

19. C) The description of a thief in disguise.

20. D) Showing them his ID.

21. C) Not to let anyone in without an appointment.

22. C) The pension she had just drawn was stolen.

长对话2

23. A) Marketing consultancy.

24. D) Being able to speak Japanese.

25. B)It will involve lots of train travel.

短文1

26. A) The lack of time.

27. A) They were just as busy as people of today.

28. D) To find effective ways to give employees flexibility.

短文2

29. B) The Great Depression.

30. D) His second wife’s positive influence.

31. B) Love breeds love.

短文3

32. B) Its owner died of a heart stroke.

33. C) Putting up a Going Out of Business sing.

34. C) Developing fresh business opportunities.

35. A. Owning the greenhouse one day.

复合式听写

36) labor 37) ingredients 38) vital 39) individuals 40) engage 41) figures

42) generating 43) Currently

44) will be making decisions in such areas as product development, quality control, and customer satisfaction. 45) to acquire new skills that will help you keep up with the improved technologies and procedures

46) Don't expect the companies to provide you with a clearly-defined career path.

Part Ⅳ 阅读理解

47. D) claim 48. H) limited 49. O) totally 50. G) interviews 51. M) regret

52. J) moments 53. B) advanced 54. N) scary 55. C) balloon 56. A) accomplish 57. D) Very little will be done to bring it under control. 58. C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized. 59. A) economic growth.

60. B) few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy use.

61. B) The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology.

62. A) People’s personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge. 63. C) There should be a distance even between friends.

64. B) People leave traces around when using modern technology. 65. D) They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it. 66. D) People don’t cherish it until they lost it. Part Ⅴ 完形

67. A) at 68. D) varies 69. C) control 70. B) possess 71. D) vast 72. A) But 73. B) essential 74. C) touch 75. A) acquire 76. B) profession 77. D) only 78. A) with 79. C) encourage 80. C) interests 81. A) broaden 82. B) After 83. D) sake 84. B) make 85. A) field 86. C) meaningful Part VI Translation

87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of the research can be applied to the development of new technology.（能应用于新技术的开发）

88. I can’t boot my computer now. Something must be wrong （一定出了毛病）with its operating system. 89. Leaving one’s job, no matter what job it is /whatever job it is, （无论是什么工作）is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.

90. Compared with the place (in which/where) I grow up, （与我成长的地方相比）this town is more prosperous and exciting.

91. Not until he finished his mission （直到他完成使命）did he realize that he was seriously ill.

2007年12月四级考试真题

Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)

注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Part Ⅱ Rading comprehension (Skimming and scanning) (15minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passsage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.

For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Univeraities Branch Out

As never before in their long story, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantages. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.

In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become More self-consciousy global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative （合作的）research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity.

Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades

the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.0 percent, from 8000,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2994. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries id growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at America’s best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty hired faculty members at the top research nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year.

American politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September 11,changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. Universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U .K. Objections from Americans university and business leaders led to universities received their graduate education abroad.

Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more

than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2, 2000 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in summer internships（实习）abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunity and providing the financial resources to make it possible.

Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Shanghai’s Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries;

Xu’s Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducing from a word-class scientist and his U.S. team.

As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led of the world in the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and integrated circuit of the 1960s to the internet infrastructure(基础设施)and applications software of

the 1990s.The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and

Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world ,governments have encouraged copying of his model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university.

For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research university model. Most politician recognize the link between investment in science and national

Economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003,but has risen more slowly than inflations since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the

improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline ,but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students.

Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nation’s well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students and like immigrants throughout history-strength the nation; and second, foreign students who study in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished(珍视) values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few Instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stability as welcoming international university students. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1．From the first paragraph we know that present –day universities have become A．more and more research-oriented

B．in-service training organizations C．more popularized than ever before

D．a powerful force for global integration

2．Over the past three decades, the enrollment of overseas students has increased A．by2.5 million B．by 800,000

C．at an annual rate of 3.9 percent D．at an annual rate of 8 percent

3．In the United States,how many of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born?

A．10% B．20% C．30% D．38%

4．How do Yale and Harvard prepare their undergraduates for global careers?

A．They organize a series of seminars on world economy B．They offer them various courses in international politics C．They arrange for them to participate in the Erasmus program

D．They give them chances for international study or internship

5．An example illustrating the general trend of universities’ globalization is

A．Yale’s collaboration with Fudan University on genetic research B．Yale’s helping Chinese universities to launch research projects C．Yale’s student exchange program with European institutions D．Yale’s establishing branch campuses throughout the world 6．What do we learn about Silicon Valley from the passage?

A．It houses many companies spun off from MIT and Harvard B．It is known to be the birthplace of Microsoft Company C．It was intentionally created by Stanford University D．It is where the Internet infrastructure was built up 7．What is said about the U.S. federal funding for research?

A．It has increased by 3 percent B．It has been unsteady for years C．It has been more than sufficient

D．It doubled between 1998 and 2003

8．The dramatic decline in the enrollment of foreign students in the U.S after September 11 was caused by 9．Many Americans fear that American competiveness may be threatened by foreign students who will 10．The policy of welcoming foreign students can benefit the U.S. in that the very best of them will stay and Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A

Direction: In his section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C) and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 11. A) She used to be in poor health.

C) She was somewhat overweight B) She was popular among boys. D) She didn’t do well at high school. 12. A) At he airport.

C) In a booking office.

B) In a restaurant.

D) At the hotel reception.

13. A) Teaching her son by herself.

C) Asking the teacher for extra help.

B) Having confidence in her son.

D) Telling her son not to worry. 14. A) Have a short break. C) Continue her work outdoors.

B) Take two weeks off.

D) Go on vacation with the man. 15. A) He is taking care of this twin brother. C) He is worried about Rod’s health.

C) He ha been feeling ill all week.

D) He has been in perfect condition.

16. A) She sold all her furniture before she moved house. B) She still keeps some old furniture in her new house. C) She plans to put all her old furniture in the basement.

D) She brought a new set of furniture from Italy last month.

17. A) The woman wondered why the man didn’t return the book. B) The woman doesn’t seem to know what the book is about. C) The woman doesn’t find the book useful any more.

D) The woman forgot lending the book to the man.

18. A) Most of the man’s friends are athletes. B) Few people share the woman’s opinion. C) The man doesn’t look like a sportsman.

D) The woman doubts the man’s athletic ability.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have heard.

19. A) She has packed it in one of her bags. B) She has probably left it in a taxi. C) She id going to get it the airport. D) She is afraid that she has lost it. 20) A) It ends in winter. B) It will cost her a lot. C) It will last one week. D) It depends on the weather. 21. A) The plane is taking off soon. B) There might be a traffic jam. C) The taxi is waiting for them. D) There is a lot of stuff to pack. 22. A) At home. B) In the man’s car. C) At the airport. D) By the side of a taxi.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23. A) She is thirsty for promotion. B) She wants a much higher salary. C) She is tired of her present work. D) She wants to save travel expenses. 24. A) Translator. B) Travel agent. C) Language instructor. D) Environment engineer.

25. A) Lively personality and inquiring mind. B) Communication skills and team spirit. C) Devotion and work efficiency. D) Education and experience.

Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. 30. A.He suffered from mental illness. B.He bought The washing on post.

C.He turned a failing newspaper into a success. D.He was once a reporter for a major newspaper.

In this section, you will hear 3 short passage. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a questions. , you must choose the best 31. A.She was the first woman to lead a big U.S.publishing company. B.She got her first job as a teacher at the University of Chicago. Section B

Directions:

answer from the four choices marked A）,B）,C）and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet

2 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

Passage One

Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26．A）They care a lot about children.

B）They need looking after in their old age. C）They want to enrich their life experience. D）They want children to keep them company. 27. A. They are usually adopted from distant places. B.Their birth infromation is usually kept secret.

C.Their birth parents often try to conceal their birth information. D.Their adoptive parents don’t want them to know their birth parents. 28. A.They generally hold bad feelings towards their birth parents. B.They do not want to hurt the feelings of their adoptive parents. C.They have mixed feelings about finding their natural parents. D.They are fully aware of the expenses involved in the search. 29. A.Early adoption makes for closer parent-child relationship. B.Most people prefer to adopt children from overseas. C.Understanding is the key to successful adoption. D.Adoption has much to do with love. Passage Two

C.She committed suicide because of her mental disorder. D.She took over her father’s position when he died. 32. A.People came to see the role of women in the business world. B.Katharine played a major part in reshaping Americans’mind. C.American media would be quite different without Katharine. D.Katharine had exerted an important influence on the world. Passage Three

Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 33. A.It’ll enable them to enjoy the best medical care. B.It’ll allow them to receive free medical theatment. C.It’ll protect them from possible financial crises. D.It’ll preent the doctors from overcharging them.

34．A）They can’t immediately get back the money paid for their medical cost.

B）They have to go through very complicated application procedures. C）They can only visit doctors who speak their native languages. D）They may not be able to receive timely medical treatment.

35．A）They don’t have to pay for the medical services. B）They needn’t pay the entire medical bill at once. C）They must send the receipts to the insurance company promptly. D）They have to pay a much higher price to get an insurance policy. Section C

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

More and more of the word’s population are living in towns or cities. The speed at which cities are growing in the less

The classroom 50 opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with 51 ,peaceful ones. It is in the classroom that caring and respect for each person empowers children to take a step 52 toward becoming peacemakers. Fortunately, educators have access to many online resources that are 53 useful when helping children along the path to peace. The Young Peacemakers Club, started in 1992, provides a Website with resources for teachers and 54 on staring a Kindness Campaign. The World Centers of Compassion for Children International call attention to children’s rights and how to help the 55 of war. Starting a Peacemakers’ Club is a praiseworthy venture for a class an one that could spread to other classrooms an ideally

developed countries is（36） . Between 1920 and 1960 big cities in developed countries（37） two and a half times in size, but in other parts of the world the growth was eight times their size.

They（38） size of growth is bad enough, but there are now also very（39） signs of trouble in the（40） affect the culture of the 56 school.

of percentages of people living in towns and percentages of people working in industry. During the nineteenth century cities grew as a result of the growth of industry. In Europe the（41） of people living in cities was always smaller than that of the （42） working in factories. Now, however, the（43） is almost always true in the newly industrialized world:（44） .

Without a base of people working in industry, these cities cannot pay for their growth;（45）

. There has been little opportunity to build water supplies or other facilities. （46）

a growth in the number of hopeless and despairing parents and starving children.

Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A

Directions: In this section．There is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

As war spreads to many comers of the globe, Children sadly have been drawn into the center of conflicts. In Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Colombia, however, groups of children have been taking part in peace education 47 .The children, after learning to resolve conflicts, took on the 48 of peacemakers. The Children’s Movement for peacemakers was even nominated(提名) or the Nobel peace prize in 1998. Groups of children 49 is peacemakers studied human rights an poverty issues in Colombia, eventually forming a group with five other schools in Bogota known a The Schools of Peace.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 A) acting

I) information B) assuming

J) offers C) comprehensive K) projects

D) cooperative L) respectively E) entire

M) role

F) especially N) technology G) forward

O) victims

H) images Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section . Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on following passage.

By almost any measure , there is a boom in Internet-based instruction . In just a few years , 34 percent of American universities have begun offering some form of distance learning (DL), and among the larger schools , it’s closer to 90 percent . If you doubt the popularity of the trend, you probably haven’t . It enrolls 90,000 student , a statistic used to support its claim to be the largest private university in the country.

While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, DL usually signifies a course in which the instructions post syllabi(课程大纲), reading assignments , and schedules on Websites , and students send in their assignments by e-mail . Generally speaking , face-to-face communication with an instructor is minimized or eliminated altogether.

The attraction for students might at first seem obvious . Primarily , there’s the convenience promised by courses on the Net: you can do the work, as they say , in your pajamas(睡衣). But figures indicate that the reduced effort results in a reduced commitment to the course . While dropout rates for all freshmen at American universities is around 20 percent , the rate for online students is 35 percent . Students themselves seem to understand the weaknesses inherent in the setup . In a survey conducted for eCornell , the DL division of Cornell University , less than a third of the respondents expected the quality of the online course to be as good as the classroom course.

Cleary form the schools perspective , there’s a lot of money to be saved . Although some of the more ambitious programs A) There is no strict control over the academic standards of the courses. B) The evaluation system used by online universities is inherently weak. C) There is no mechanism to ensure that they make the required effort. D) Lack of classroom interaction reduces the effectiveness of instruction.

61. According to the passage, universities show great enthusiasm for DL programs for the purpose of_____

A) building up their reputation C) upgrading their teaching facilities B) cutting down on their expenses D) providing convenience for students require new investments in servers and networks to support collaborative software , most DL courses can run on existing or minimally upgraded(升级)systems . The more students who enroll in a course but don’t come to campus , the more the school saves on keeping the lights on in the classrooms , paying doorkeepers , and maintaining parking lots , And there’s evindence that instructors must work harder to run a DL course for a variety of reasons , won’t be paid any more , and might well be paid less.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

57. What is the most striking feature of the University of Phoenix?

A) All its courses are offered online. B) Its online courses are of the best quality.

C) It boasts the largest number of students on campus D) Anyone taking its online courses is sure to get a degree.

58．According to the passage , distance learning is basically characterized by_____

A) A considerable flexibility in its academic requirements B) The great diversity of students’ academic backgrounds C) A minimum or total absence of face-to-face instruction D) t the casual relationship between students and professors

59. Many students take Internet -based courses mainly because they can_____

A) Earn their academic degrees with much less effort B) Save a great deal on traveling and boarding expenses C) Select courses from various colleges and universities D) Work on the required courses whenever and wherever

60. What accounts for the high drop-out rates for online students?

Passage Two

Questions62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

In this age of Internet chat, videogames and reality television, there is no shortage of mindless activities to keep a child occupied. Yet, despite the competition, my 8-year-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her leisure time writing short stories. She wants to enter one of her stories into a writing contest, a competition she won last yes.

As a writer I know about winning contest, and about losing them. I know what it is like to work hard on a story only to receive a rejection slip from the publisher. I also know the pressures of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous victories. What if she doesn’t win the contest again? That’s the strange thing about being a parent. So many of our own past scars and dashed hopes can surface.

A revelation（启示）came last week when I asked her, “Don’t you want to win again?” “No,” she replied, “I just want to tell the story of an angel going to first grade.”

I had just spent weeks correcting her stories as she spontaneously（自由地）told them. Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales. The story about a fearful angel starting first trade was quickly “guided” by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her fist music lesson. I had turned her contest into my contest without even realizing it.

Staying back and giving kids space to grow is not as easy as it looks. Because I konw very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting（借用）my daughter’s experence.

While stepping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough away to give her room but close enough to help if asked. All the while I will be reminding myself that children need room to experiment, grow and find their own voices. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 62. What do we learn from the first paragraph?

A) Children do find lots of fun in many mindless activites.

B) Rebecca is much too occupied to enjoy her leisure time. C) Rebecca draws on a lot of online materials for her writing. D) A lot of distractions compete for children’s time nowadays. 63. What did the author say about her own writing experience? A) She did not quite live up to her reputation as a writer. B) Her way to success was full of pains and frustrations. C) She was constantly under pressure of writing more. D) Most of her stories had been rejected by publishers. 64. Why did Rebecca want to enter this year’s writing contest? A) She believed she possessed real talent for writing. B) She was sure of winning with her mother’s help. C) She wanted to share her stories with readers. D) She had won a prize in the previous contest. 65. What’s the author’s advice for parents?

A) A writing career, though attractive, is not for every child to pursue. B) Children should be allowed freedom to grow through experience. C) Parents should keep an eye on the activities their opinions.

emotions which are usually more intense, 70 to specific circumstances, and often conscious.

70．A）related

C）attached

B）referred D）associated

C）In D）By C）even D）still C）view D）behavior C）unless D）provided C）negative

71 one sense, the effect of a consumer’s mood

71．A）On

B）Of

can be thought of in 72 the same way as can

72．A）thus

B）much

our reactions to the 73 of our friends—when our friends are happy and “up”, that tends to influence

73．A）signal

B）gesture

us positively, 74 when they are “down”, that can 74．A）for

B）but

have a 75 impact on us. Similarly, consumers

75．A）relative

B）decisive D）sensitive

C）fixed D）driven

operating under a 76 mood state tend to react to

76．A）given

B）granted

stimulate（刺激因素）in a direction 77 with that mood state. Thus, for example, we should expect to see 78 in a positive mood state evaluate

77．A）resistant C）insistent

B）persistent D）consistent

78．A）consumer C）retailers

B）businessmen D）manufacturers

C）serious D）favorable

Part V

Directions:

Cloze （15 minutes）

There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A），B）,C）and D）on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

products in more of a 79 manner than they

79．A）casual

B）critical

would when not in such a state, 80 mood states

80．A）However C）Moreover

B）Otherwise D）Nevertheless

C) raising D) cultivating C) cautiously D) currently C) band D) volume C) scope D) range C) reflections

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

One factor that can influence consumers is

67．A）as

C）by D）with C）to D）up C）divided

appear capable of 81 a consumer’s meomory. 81. A) lifting

B) enhancing Moods appear to be 81 influenced by mar- 82. A) readily keting techniques. For example, the rhythm, pitch, B) rarely and 81 of music has been shown to influence 83. A) step B) speed Behavior such as the 81 of time spent in 84. A) extent B) amount

their mood state. Mood may be defined 67 a temporary and mild positive or negative feeling

B）about

that is generalized and not tied 68 any particular

68．A）over

B）under

circumstance. Moods should be 69 from

69．A）derived

B）descended Ddistinguished Supermarkets or 81 to purchase products. In 85. A) facilities

Addition, advertising can influence consumers’ B) capacities moods which, in 81 , are capable of influencing 86. A) turn consumers’ reactions to products. B) total

D) intensions C) detail D) depth

9. take their knowledge and skills back home

10. strengthen the nation Part Ⅵ Translation (5 minutes)

Directions: Cmplete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on

Answer Sheet 2.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。

87. （多亏了一系列的新发明），doctors can treat this disease Successfully.

88. In my sixties, one change I notice is that （我比以前更容易累了）. 89. I am going to purchase this course, （无论我要作出什么样的牺牲）. 90. I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because （它更加方便和省时）.

91. Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life （是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的），not how much they can earn.

1. B. in service training organizations

2. C. at an annual rate of 3.9 percent

3. B. 20%

4. D. They give them chances for international study or internship

5. A. Yale's collaboration with Fudan University on genetic research

6. C. It is intentionally created by Stanford University.

7. B. It has been unsteady for years.

8. changes in the visa process

听力

11. C) She was somewhat overweight

12. D) At a hotel reception

13. B) Having confidence in her son

14. A) Have a short break

15. D) He has been in perfect condition

16. B) She still keeps some old furniture in her new house

17. D) The woman forgot lending the book to the man

18. C) The man doesn't look like a sportsman

19. A)She has packed it in one of her bags.

20. C) It will last one week. 21. B) The taxi is waiting for them.

22. A) At home. 23. C) She is tired of her present work. 24. A) Translator. 25. D) Education and experience.

26. A) They care a lot about children. 27. B) Their birth information is usually kept secret. 28. C) They have mixed feelings about finding their natural parents. 29. D) Adoption has much to do with love.

30. B) He bought The Washington Post.

31. A) She was the first woman to lead a big U.S publishing company. 32. D) Katharine had exerted an important influence on the world. 33. C) It'll protect them from possible financial crises.

34. A) They can't immediately get back the money paid for their medical cost. 35. B) They needn't pay the entire medical bill at once.

36. alarming. 37. increased 38. sheer 39. disturbing 40. comparison 41. proportion 42. workforce 43. reverse

44. The percentage of people living in cities is much higher than the percentage working in industry.

45. There is not enough money to build adequate houses for the people that live there, let alone the new arrivals.

46. So the figures for the growth of towns and cities represent proportional growth of unemployment and underemployment

阅读

47. K. projects 48. M. role 49. A. acting 50. J. offers 51. D. cooperative 52. G. forward 53. F. especially 54. I. Information 55. O. victims 56. E. entire. 57. A. All its courses are offered online.

58. C. a minimum or total absence of face-to-face instruction. 59. D. work on the required courses whenever and wherever.

60. C. There is no mechanism to ensure that they make the required effort. 61. B. cutting down on their expenses.

62. A. Children do find lots of fun in many mindless activities. 63. B. Her way to success was full of pains and frustrations. 64. C. She wanted to share her stories with readers.

65. C. she wanted to help Rebecca realize her dream of becoming a writer. 66. B. Children should be allowed freedom to grow through experience.

完型67. A as 68. C to 69. D distinguished 70. A related 71. C In 72. B much 73. D behavior 74. B but 75. C negative 76. A given 77. D consistent 78. A consumers 79. D favorable 80. C Moreover 81. B enhancing 82. A readily 83. D volume 84. B amount 85. D intentions 86. A turn

2007年6月23日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷及答案

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Welcome to our club. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:

欢迎辞，欢迎加入俱乐部。

标题：Welcome to our club

书写提纲：

1. 表达你的欢迎；

2. 对你们俱乐部作一个简要介绍。

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.

For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the

passage;N (for NO) if statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Protect Your Privacy When Job-hunting Online

Identity theft and identity fraud are terms used to refer to all types of crime in which someone wrongfully obtains and uses another person’s personal data in some way that involves fraud or deception, typically for economic gain.

The numbers associated with identity theft are beginning to add up fast these days. A recent General Accounting Office report estimates that as many as 750,000 Americans are victims of identity theft every year. And that number may be low, as many people choose not to report the crime even if they know they have been victimized.

Identity theft is “an absolute epidemic,” states Robert Ellis Smith, a respected author and advocate of privacy. “It’s certainly picked up in the last four or five years. It’s worldwide. It affects everybody, and there’s very little you can do to prevent it and, worst of all, you can’t detect it until it’s probably too late.”

Unlike your fingerprints, which are unique to you and cannot be given to someone else for their use, you personal data, especially your social security number, your bank account or credit card number, your telephone calling card number, and other valuable identifying data, can be used, if they fall into the wrong hands, to personally profit at your expense. In the United States and Canada, for example, many people have reported that unauthorized persons have taken funds out of their bank or financial accounts, or, in the worst cases, taken over their identities altogether, running up vast debts and committing crimes while using the victims’ names. In many cases, a victim’s losses may included not only out-of-pocket financial losses, but substantial additional financial costs associated with trying to restore his reputation in the community and correcting erroneous information for which the criminal is responsible.

According to the FBI, identity theft is the number one fraud committed on the Internet. So how do job seekers protect themselves while continuing to circulate their resumes online? The key to a successful online job search is learning to manager the risks. Here are some tips

for staying safe while conducting a job search on the Internet. primary mailbox. When naming your new email address, be sure that it doesn’t contain references to your name or other information that will give away your identity. The best solution is an email address that is relevant to the job you are seeking such as 1. Check for a privacy policy. *************************. If you are considering posting your resume online, make sure the job search site your are considering has a privacy policy, like 5. Protect your reference. CareerBuilder.com. The policy should spell out how your information will be used, stored and whether or not it will be shared. You may want to think twice about posting your resume on a site that automatically shares your information with others. You could be opening If your resume contains a section with the names and contact information of your references, take it out. There’s no sense in safeguarding yourself up to unwanted calls from solicitors (推销员). your information while sharing private contact information of your references. When reviewing the site’s privacy policy, you’ll be able to delete your resume just as easily as you posted it. You won’t necessarily want 6. Keep confidential (机密的) information confidential. your resume to remain out there on the Internet once you land a job. Remember, the longer your resume remains posted on a job board, the more exposure, both positive and not-so-positive, it will receive. Do not, under any circumstances, share your social security, driver’s license, and bank account numbers or other personal information, such as race or eye color. Honest employers do not need this information with an initial application. Don’t provide this even if they say they need 2. Take advantage of site features. it in order to conduct a background check. This is one of the oldest tricks in the book – don’t fall for it.

Lawful job search sites offer levels of privacy protection. Before posting your resume, carefully consider your job search objective and the 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 level of risk you are willing to assume. 1. Robert Ellis Smith believes identity theft is difficult to detect and one can hardly do anything to prevent it. CareerBuilder.com, for example, offers three levels of privacy from which job seekers can choose. The first is standard posting. This option gives job seekers who post their resumes the most visibility to the broadest employer audience possible. 2. In many cases, identity theft not only causes the victims’ immediate financial losses but costs them a lot to restore their reputation. The second is anonymous (匿名的) posting. This allows job seekers the same visibility as those in the standard posting category without 3. Identity theft is a minor offence and its harm has been somewhat overestimated. any of their contact information being displayed. Job seekers who wish to remain anonymous but want to share some other information may choose which pieces of contact information to display. 4. It is important that your resume not stay online longer than is necessary. The third is private posting. This option allows a job seeker to post a resume without having it searched by employers. Private posting 5. Of the three options offered by CareerBuilder.com in Suggestion 2, the third one is apparently most strongly recommended. allows job seekers to quickly and easily apply for jobs that appear on CareerBuilder.com without retyping their information. 6. Employers require applicants to submit very personal information on background checks. 3. Safeguard your identity. 7. Applicants are advised to use generic names for themselves and their current employers when seeking employment online. Career experts say that one of the ways job seekers can stay safe while using the Internet to search out jobs is to conceal their identities.

Replace your name on your resume with a generic (泛指的) identifier, such as “Intranet Developer Candidate,” or “Experienced Marketing 8. Using a special email address in the job search can help prevent your from receiving ________. Representative.” 9. To protect your references, you should not post online their ________. You should also consider eliminating the name and location of your current employer. Depending on your title, it may not be all that difficult to determine who you are once the name of your company is provided. Use a general description of the company such as “Major 10. According to the passage, identity theft is committed typically for ________. auto manufacturer,” or “International packaged goods supplier.” Part III Listing Comprehension (35 minutes) If your job title is unique, consider using the generic equivalent instead of the exact title assigned by your employer. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more 4. Establish and email address for your search. questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer, then mark Another way to protect your privacy while seeking employment online is to open up an email account specifically for your online job the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line though the centre. search. This will safeguard your existing email box in the event someone you don’t know gets hold of your email address and shares it with others. 注意：此部分答题在答题卡2上作答。

Using an email address specifically for you job search also eliminates the possibility that you will receive unwelcome emails in your 11. A) It could help people of all ages to avoid cancer.

B) It was mainly meant for cancer patients.

C) It might appeal more to viewers over 40.

D) It was frequently interrupted by commercials.（C）

12. A) The man is fond of traveling.

B) The woman is a photographer.

C) The woman took a lot of pictures at the contest.

D) The man admires the woman’s talent in writing.（D）

13. A) The man regrets being absent-minded.

B) The woman saved the man some trouble.

C) The man placed the reading list on a desk.

D) The woman emptied the waste paper basket.（B）

14. A) He quit teaching in June.

B) He has left the army recently.

C) He opened a restaurant near the school.

D) He has taken over his brother’s business.（A）

15. A) She seldom reads books from cover to cover.

B) She is interested in reading novels.

C) She read only part of the book.

D) She was eager to know what the book was about.（C）

16. A) She was absent all week owing to sickness.

B) She was seriously injured in a car accident.

C) She called to say that her husband had been hospitalized.

D) She had to be away from school to attend to her husband.（D）

17. A) The speakers want to rent the Smiths’ old house.

B) The man lives two blocks away from the Smiths.

C) The woman is not sure if she is on the right street.

D) The Smiths’ new house is not far from their old one.（D）

18. A) The man had a hard time finding a parking space.

B) The woman found they had got to the wrong spot.

C) The woman was offended by the man’s late arrival.

D) The man couldn’t find his car in the parking lot.（A）

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. A) The hotel clerk had put his reservation under another name.

B) The hotel clerk insisted that he didn’t make any reservation.

C) The hotel clerk tried to take advantage of his inexperience.

D) The hotel clerk couldn’t find his reservation for that night.（C）

20. A) A grand wedding was being held in the hotel.

B) There was a conference going on in the city.

C) The hotel was undergoing major repairs.

D) It was a busy season for holiday-makers.（B）

21. A) It was free of charge on weekends.

B) It had a 15% discount on weekdays.

C) It was offered to frequent guests only.

D) It was 10% cheaper than in other hotels.（A）

22. A) Demand compensation from the hotel.

B) Ask for an additional discount.

C) Complain to the hotel manager.

D) Find a cheaper room in another hotel.（C） C) He worked to become an executive. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. D) He was born with a limp.（B） 23. A) An employee in the city council at Birmingham. 28. A) She was fond of living an isolated life. B) Assistant Director of the Admissions Office. B) She was fascinated by American culture. C) Head of the Overseas Students Office. C) She was very generous in offering help. D) Secretary of Birmingham Medical School.（B） D) She was highly devoted to her family.（D） 24. A) Nearly fifty percent are foreigners. Passage Two B) About fifteen percent are from Africa. Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. C) A large majority are from Latin America. 29. A) He suffered a nervous breakdown. D) A small number are from the Far East.（A） B) He was wrongly diagnosed. 25. A) She will have more contact with students. C) He was seriously injured. B) It will bring her capability into fuller play. D) He developed a strange disease.（C） C) She will be more involved I policy-making. 30. A) He was able to talk again. D) It will be less demanding than her present job.（C） B) He raced to the nursing home. Section B C) He could tell red and blue apart. Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), D) He could not recognize his wife.（A） B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 31. A) Twenty-nine days. Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. B) Two and a half months. 26. A) Her parents thrived in the urban environment. C) Several minutes. B) Her parents left Chicago to work on a farm. D) Fourteen hours.（B） C) Her parents immigrated to America. 32. A) They welcomed the publicity in the media. D) Her parents set up an ice-cream store.（C） B) The avoided appearing on television. 27. A) He taught English in Chicago. C) They released a video of his progress. B) He was crippled in a car accident. D) They declined to give details of his condition.（D）

Sometimes parents regard their children as extensions of themselves and (45) ________________________________. In their involvement Passage Three and identification with their children, they forget that everyone is different and that each person must develop in his or her own way. They Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. forget that their children, (46) ________________________________. 33. A) For people to share ideas and show farm products. B) For officials to educate the farming community. Part IV Reading Comprehension (reading in depth) (25 minutes) Section A C) For farmers to exchange their daily necessities. Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is D) For farmers to celebrate their harvests.（A） identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 34. A) By bringing an animal rarely seen on nearby farms. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. B) By bringing a bag of grain in exchange for a ticket. Years ago, doctors often said that pain was a normal part of life. In particular, when older patients __47__ of pain, they were told it was a C) By offering to do volunteer work at the fair. natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it. D) By performing a special skill at the entrance.（B） Times have changed. Today, we take pain __48__. Indeed, pain is now considered the fifth vital sign, as important as blood pressure, temperature, breathing rate and pulse in __49__ a person’s well-being. We know that chronic (慢性的) pain can disrupt (扰乱) a person’s 35. A) They contribute to the modernization of American farms. life, causing problems that __50__ from missed work to depression. B) They help to increase the state governments’ revenue. That’s why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who __51__ in pain medicine. Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological C) They provide a stage for people to give performances. and social __52__ related to chronic pain. Such comprehensive therapy often __53__ the work of social workers, psychiatrists (心理医生) and psychologists, as well as specialists in pain medicine. D) They remind Americans of the importance of agriculture.（D） This modern __54__ for pain management has led to a wealth of innovative treatments which are more effective and with fewer side effects Section C than ever before. Decades ago, there were only a __55__ number of drugs available, and many of them caused __56__ side effects in older Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully people, including dizziness and fatigue. This created a double-edged sword: the medications helped relieve the pain but caused other for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the problems that could be worse than the pain itself. exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks,

you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答 for the third time, you should check what you have written. A) result I) determining B) involves J) limited C) significant K) gravely 注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上；请在答题卡2上作答。 D) range L) complained E) relieved M) respect F) issues N) prompting G) seriously O) specialize H) magnificent Students’ pressure sometimes comes from their parents. Most parents are well (36) ________, but some of them aren’t very helpful with the Section B problems their sons and daughters have in (37) ________ to college, and a few of them seem to go out of their way to add to their children’s Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them difficulties. there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. For one thing, parents are often not (38) ________ of the kinds of problems their children face. They don’t realize that the (39) ________ is keener, that the required (40) ________ of work are higher, and that their children may not be prepared for the change. (41) ________ to Passage One seeing A’s and B’s on high school report cards, they may be upset when their children’s first (42) ________ college grades are below that Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. level. At their kindest, they may gently (43) ________ why John or Mary isn’t doing better, whether he or she is trying as hard as he or she should, and so on. (44) ________________________________. I’ve been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously. The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While you need to employ both to

get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so. B) To choose an appropriate topic. Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter. If you are listening to that C) To get one’s ideas down. 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die. If you

capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and D) To collect raw materials.（C） then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is. 60. One common concern of writers about “free writing” is that ________. The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.” In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. The goal is to A) it overstresses the role of the creative mind get the words flowing. As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen. B) it takes too much time to edit afterwards Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you’ve persuaded to sit on the side and watch C) it may bring about too much criticism quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near. D) it does not help them to think clearly（B） Instead of staring at a blank start filling it with words no matter how bad. Halfway through you available time, stop and rework your raw 61. In what way does the critical mind help the writer in the writing process? writing into something closer to finished product. Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices. A) It refines his writing into better shape. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 B) It helps him to come up with new ideas. 57. When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind “cannot work in parallel” (Line 4, Para. 1) in the writing process, he C) It saves the writing time available to him. means ________. D) It allows him to sit on the side and observe.（A） A) no one can be both creative and critical Passage Two B) they cannot be regarded as equally important I don’t ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it’s like to work in a field dominated by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them C) they are in constant conflict with each other interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-time and the nature of black holes. D) one cannot use them at the same time（D） At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievement—jobs, research papers, 58. What prevents people from writing on is ________. awards—was viewed through the lens of gender (性别) politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind. A) putting their ideas in raw form Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I B) attempting to edit as they write don’t talk about that anymore. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn’t want to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? After all, I don’t study sociology or political C) ignoring grammatical soundness theory. D) trying to capture fleeting thoughts（B） Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women’s college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how may of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45. I know some of my students worry how they will 59. What is the chief objective of the first stage of writing? manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I don’t dismiss those concerns. Still, I don’t tell them “war” stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the A) To organize one’s thoughts logically. image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that’s a sight worth talking about.

62. Why doesn’t the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again?

A) She feels unhappy working in male-dominated fields.

B) She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination.

C) She is not good at telling stories of the kind.

D) She finds space research more important.（B）

63. From Paragraph 2, we can infer that people would attribute the author’s failures to ________.

A) the very fact that she is a woman

B) her involvement in gender politics

C) her over-confidence as a female astrophysicist

D) the burden she bears in a male-dominated society（A）

64. What did the author constantly fight against while doing her Ph.D. and post-doctoral research?

A) Lack of confidence in succeeding in space science.

B) Unfair accusations from both inside and outside her circle.

C) People’s stereotyped attitude toward female scientists.

D) Widespread misconceptions about nature and nurtured.（C）

65. Why does the author feel great satisfaction when talking about her class?

A) Female students no longer have to bother about gender issues.

B) Her students’ performance has brought back her confidence.

C) Her female students can do just as well as male students.

D) More female students are pursuing science than before.（D）

66. What does the image the author presents to her students suggest?

A) Women students needn’t have the concerns of her generation.

B) Women have more barriers on their way to academic success.

C) Women can balance a career in science and having a family.

D) Women now have fewer problems pursuing a science career.（C）

Part V Cloze (15 minutes)

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005. it took some 75,000 lives, __67__ 130,000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. __68__ overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed __69__ the region, tended by international aid organizations, military __70__ and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set __71__.

Mercifully, the season was mild. But with the __72__ of spring the refugees will be moved again. Camps that __73__ health care, food and shelter for 150,000 survivors have begun to close as they were __74__ intended to be permanent.

For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings __75__ emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of __76__ many as 10 people have had to shelter __77__ a single tent and share cookstoves and bathing __78__ with neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,” officials say. “They are __79__ of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start __80__ again.” But most will be returning to __81__ but heaps of ruins. In many villages, electrical __82__ have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers __83__ that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took __84__. And for the thousands of survivors, the __85__ will never be complete.

Yet the survivors have to start somewhere. New homes can be built __86__ the stones, bricks and beams of old ones. Spring is coming and it is a good time to start again.

67. A) injured B) ruined C) destroyed D) damaged（A） 68. A) Altogether B) Almost C) Scarcely D) Surely（B） 69. A) among B) above C) amid D) across（D） 70. A) ranks B) equipment C) personnel D) installations（C） 71. A) out B) in C) on D) forth（B）

72. A) falling B) emergence C) arrival D) appearing（C） 73. A) strengthened B) aided C) transferred D) provided（D） 74. A) never B) once C) ever D) yet（A）

75. A) puzzled B) contrasted C) doubled D) mixed（D） 76. A) like B) as C) so D) too（B） 77. A) by B) below C) under D) with（C）

78. A) facilities B) instruments C) implements D) appliances（A） 79. A) seeking B) dreaming C) longing D) searching（B） 80. A) producing B) cultivating C) farming D) nourishing（C） 81. A) anything B) something C) everything D) nothing（C） 82. A) lines B) channels C) paths D) currents（A） 83. A) aside B) away C) up D) evaluate（D） 84. A) aside B) away C) up D) out（B）

85. A) reservation B) retreat C) replacement D) recovery（C） 86. A) from B) through C) upon D) onto（A） Part VI Translation (5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write you translation on Answer

Sheet 2.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。

87. The finding of this study failed to ________________________ (将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内). 88. The prevent and treatment of AIDS is ________________________ (我们可以合作的领域). 89. Because of the leg injury, the athlete ________________________ (决定退出比赛).

90. To make donations or for more information, please ________________________ (按以下地址和我们联系). 91. Please come here at ten tomorrow morning ________________________ (如果你方便的话).

2007年6月23日四级参考答案

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

1. Y 2. Y 3. N. 4. Y. 5. NG 6. N 7. Y 8. unwelcome emails 9. names and contact information 10. economic gain

Part III Listening Comprehension

11. C 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C 16. D 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. B 21. A 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. D 36. meaning 37. adjusting 38. aware 39. competition 40. standards 41. accustomed 42. semester 43. inquire

44. at their worst ,they may threaten to take their children out of college or cut off funds 45. think it only right and natural that they determine what their children do with their lives

46. who are now young adults must, be the ones responsible for what they do and what they are 15.10 Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

47. L 48. G 49. I 50. D 51. O 52. F 53. B 54. M 55. J 56. C 57. D 58. B 59. C 60. B 61. A 62. B 63. A 64. C 65. D 66. C Part V Cloze

67. A 68. B 69. D 70. C 71. B 72. C 73. D 74. A 75. D 76. B 77. C 78. A 79. B 80. C 81. D 82. A 83. C 84. B 85. D 86. A

Part VI Translation (5 minutes)

87. take people’s sleep quality into account

88. the field (where) we can cooperate / the field in which we can cooperate 89. decided to quit the match

90. contact us at the following address

91. if it is convenient for you / at your convenience

2006年12月23日四级考试真题（最新整理版）

Part Ⅰ Writing （30 minutes）

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled. The Importance of Reading classics. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.

1、许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会 2、但有些人提出取消春节晚会 3、我的看法 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet1. For questions 1-4, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.

For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Six Secrets of High-Energy People

There’s an energy crisis in America, and it has nothing to do with fossil fuels. Millions of us get up each morning already weary over the day holds. “I just can’t get started.” People say. But it’s not physical energy that most of us lack. Sure, we could all use extra sleep and a better diet. But in truth, people are healthier today than at any time in history. I can almost guarantee that if you long for more energy, the problem is not with your body.

What you’re seeking is not physical energy. It’s emotional energy. Yet, sad to say life sometimes seems designed to exhaust our supply. We work too hard. We have family obligations. We encounter emergencies and personal crises. No wonder so many of us suffer from emotional fatigue, a kind of utter exhaustion of the spirit.

And yet we all know people who are filled with joy, despite the unpleasant circumstances of their lives. Even as a child I observed people who were poor or disabled or ill, but who nonetheless faced life with optimism and vigor. Consider Laura Hillenbrand, who despite an extremely weak body wrote the best-seller Seabiscuit. Hillenbrand barely had enough physical energy to drag herself out of be to write. But she was fueled by having a story she wanted to share. It was emotional energy that helped her succeed.

Unlike physical energy, which is finite and diminishes with age, emotional energy is unlimited and has nothing to do with genes or upbringing. So how do you get it? You can’t simply tell yourself to be positive. You must take action. Here are six practical strategies that work. 1. Do something new.

Very little that’s new occurs in our lives. The impact of this sameness on our emotional energy is gradual, but huge: It’s like a tire with a slow leak. You don’t it at first, but eventually you’ll get a flat. It’s up to you to plug the leak--even though there are always a dozen reasons to stay stuck in your dull routines of life. That’s where Maura, 36, a waitress, found herself a year ago.

Fortunately, Maura had a lifeline--a group of women friends who meet regularly to discuss their lives. Their lively discussions spurred Maura to make small but nevertheless life altering changes. She joined a gym in the next town. She changed her look with a short haircut and new black T-shirts. Eventually, Maura gathered the courage to quit her job and start her own business.

Here’s a challenge: If it’s something you wouldn’t ordinarily do, do it. Try a dish you’ve never eaten. Listen to music you’d ordinarily tune out. You’ll discover these small things add to your emotional energy. 2. Reclaim life’s meaning.

So many of my patients tell me that their lives used to have meaning, but that somewhere along the line things went state. The first step in solving this meaning shortage is to figure out what you really care about, and then do something about it.

A case in point is Ivy, 57, a pioneer in investment banking. \"I mistakenly believed that all the money I made would mean something.\" she says. \"But I feel lost, like a 22-year-old wondering what to do with her life.\" Ivy’s solution? She started a program that shows Wall Streeters how to donate time and money to poor children. In the process, Ivy filled her life with meaning.

3. Put yourself in the fun zone.

Most of us grown-ups are seriously fun-deprived. High-energy people have the same day-to-day work as the rest of us, but they manage to find something enjoyable in every situation. A real estate broker I know keeps herself amused on the job by mentally redecorating the houses she shows to clients. \"I love imagining what even the most run-down house could look like withy a little tender loving care,\" she says. \"It’s a challenge--and the least desirable properties are usually the most fun.\"

We all define fun differently, of course, but I can guarantee this: If you put just a bit of it into your day, you energy will increase quickly.

4. Bid farewell to guilt and regret.

Everyone’s past is filled with regrets that still cause pain. But from an emotional energy point of view, they are dead weights that keep us from us from moving forward. While they can’t merely be willed away, I do recommend you remind yourself that whatever happened is in the past, and nothing can change that. Holding on to the memory only allows the damage to continue into the present. 5. Make up your mind.

Say you’ve been thinking about cutting your hair short. Will it look stylish – or too extreme? You endlessly think it over. Having the decision hanging over your head is a huge energy drain.

Every time you can’t decide, you burden yourself with alternatives. Quit thinking that you have to make the right decision; instead, make a choice and don’t look back. 6. Give to get.

Emotional energy has a kind of magical quality; the more you give, the more you get back.. This is the difference between emotional and physical energy. With the latter. You have to get it to be able to give it. With the former, however, you get it by giving it.

Start by asking everyone you meet, “How are you?” as if you really want to know, then listen to the reply. Be the one who hears. Most of us also need to smile more often. If you don’t smile at the person you love first thing in the morning, you’re sucking energy out of your relationship. Finally, help another person—and make the help real, concrete. Give a massage (按摩) to someone you love, or cook her dinner, Then, expand the circle to work. Try asking yourself what you’d do if your goal were to be helpful rather than efficient.

After all, if it’s true that what goes around comes around, why not make sure that what’s circulating around you is the good stuff?

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1. The energy crisis in America discussed here mainly refers to a shortage of fossil fuels. 2. People these days tend to lack physical energy.

3. Laura Hillenbrand is an example cited to show how emotional energy can contribute to one’s success in life. 4. The author believes emotional energy is inherited and genetically determined.

5. Even small changes people make in their lives can help increase their emotional energy. 6. They filled her life with meaning by launching a program to help poor children. 7. The real-estate broker the author knows is talented in home redecoration.

8. People holding on to sad memories of the past will find it difficult to__________.

9. When it comes to decision-making. One should make a quick choice without_________.

10. Emotional energy is in a way different from physical energy in that the more you give, _________. Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A

each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 11. A. Plan his budget carefully B. Give her more information. C. Ask someone else for advice. D. Buy a gift for his girlfriend.

12. A. She’ll have some chocolate cake. B. She’ll take a look at the menu. C. She’ll go without dessert. D. She’ll prepare the dinner.

13. A. The man can speak a foreign language. B. The woman hopes to improve her English. C. The woman knows many different languages. D. The man wishes to visit many more countries. 14. A. Go to the library. B. Meet the woman. C. See Professor Smith. D. Have a drink in the bar.

15. A. She isn’t sure when Professor Bloom will be back B. The man shouldn’t be late for his class. C. The man can come back sometime later. D. She can pass on the message for the man. 16. A. He has a strange personality. B. He’s got emotional problems. C. His illness is beyond cure.

D. His behavior is hard to explain.

17. A. The tickets are more expensive than expected. B. The tickets are sold in advance at half price. C. It’s difficult to buy the tickets on the spot. D. It’s better to the tickets beforehand. 18. A. He turned suddenly and ran into a tree. B. He was hit by a fallen box from a truck. C. He drove too fast and crashed into a truck.

D. He was trying to overtake the truck ahead of him.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. What’s the woman’s main purpose of visiting Quebec?

A. To go boating on the St. Lawrence River B. To go sightseeing in Quebec Province C. To call on a friend in Quebec City D. To attend a wedding in Montreal

20. What does the man advise the woman to do before the trip?

A. Study the map of Quebec Province B. Find more about Quebec Province C. Brush up on her French

D. Learn more about the local customs

21. What does the man say about the Quebec City?

A. It’s most beautiful in summer B. It has many historical buildings.

C. It was greatly expanded in the 18th century. D. It’s the only French-speaking city in Canada.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just beared. 22. What do we learn from the conversation about Miss Rowling’s first book? A. It was about a little animal. B. It took her six years to write. C. It was adapted from a fairy tale. D. It was about a little girl and her pet.

23. Why does Miss Rowling consider her so very lucky?

A. She knows how to write best-selling novels.

B. She can earn a lot of money by writing for adults. C. She is able to win enough support from publishers. D. She can make a living by doing what she likes. 24. What dictates Miss Rowling’s writing?

A. The characters. B. Her ideas. C. The readers.

D. Her life experiences.

25. According to Miss Rowling where did she get the ideas for the Harry Porter books?

A. She doesn’t really know where they originated B. She mainly drew on stories of ancient saints. C. They popped out of her childhood dreams. D. They grew out of her long hours of thinking. Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) B) C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 Passage One

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26. What were teachers told to do in the experiment?

A. Monitor students’ sleep patterns. B. Help students concentrate in class. C. Record students’ weekly performance. D. Ask students to complete a sleep report.

27. According to the experiment, what problem can insufficient sleep cause in students?

A. Declining health. B. Lack of attention. C. Loss of motivation. D. Improper behavior.

28. What message did the researcher intend to convey to parents?

A. They should make sure their children are always punctual for school. B. They should ensure their children grow up in a healthy environment. C. They should help their children accomplish high-quality work. D. They should see to it that their children have adequate sleep.

Passage Two

Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. 29. What was the significant change in Patricia Pena’s life?

A. She stopped being a homemaker. B. She became a famous educator. C. She became a public figure. D. She quit driving altogether.

30.What had led to Pena’s personal tragedy?

A. A motorist’s speeding. B. Her running a stop sign.

C. Her lack of driving experience. D. A motorist’s failure to concentrate.

31. How did Pena feel when she began her first speech?

A. Nervous and unsure of herself. B. Calm and confident of herself. C. Courageous and forceful. D. Distracted and reluctant.

32. What could be expected as a result of Pena’s efforts?

A. More strict training of women drivers.

B. Restrictions on cell phone use while driving. C. Improved traffic conditions in cities.

D. New regulations to ensure children’s safety. Passage Three

Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

33. According to the passage, why haven’t scientists found a cure for the common cold?

A. They haven’t devoted as much energy to medicine as to space travel. B. Three are too many kinds of cold viruses for them to identify. C. It is not economical to find a cure for each for each type of cold. D. They believe people can recover without treatment.

34. What does the speaker say about the symptoms of the common cold?

A. They reveal the seriousness of the problem. B. They indicate how fast the virus spreads. C. They tell us what kind of medicine to take. D. They show our body is fighting the virus.

35. What do some scientists say about taking medicines for the common cold, according to the passage?

A. It actually does more harm than good.

B. It causes damage to some organs of our body

C. It works better when combined with other remedies. D. It helps us to recover much sooner.

Section C

You probably have noticed that people express similar ideas in different ways depending on the situation they are in. This is very (36)__________. All languages have two general levels of (37)__________: a formal level and an informal level. English is no (38)__________. The difference in these two levels is the situation in which you use a (39)___________ level. Formal language is the kind of language you find in textbooks, (40)__________ books and in business letters. You would also use formal English in compositions and (41)__________ that you write in school. Informal language is used in conversation with (42)__________, family members and friends, and when we write (43)__________ notes or letters to close friends. Formal language is different from informal language in several ways. First, formal language tends to be more polite. (44)______________________________________________________. For example, I might say to a friend or a family member “Close the door, please”, (45)_______

____________________________________________ Another difference between formal and informal language is some of the vocabulary. (46)____________________________________

_________________________________________________. Let’s say that I really like soccer. If I am talking to my friend, I might say “I am just crazy about soccer”, but if I were talking to my boss, I would probably say “I really enjoy soccer”. Part IV Reading Comprehension (reading in depth ) ( 25 minutes) Section A

Direction: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

The flood of women into the job market boosted economic growth and changed U.S. society in many ways. Many in-home jobs that used to be done 47 by women----ranging from family shopping to preparing meals to doing 48 work——still need to be done by someone .Husbands and children now do some of these jobs, a 49 that has changed the target market for many products. Or a working woman may face a crushing “poverty of time “and look for help elsewhere, creating opportunities for producers of frozen meals, child care centers, dry cleaners, financial services, and the like.

Although there is still a big wage 50 between men and women, the income working women 51 gives them new independence and buying power. For example, women now 52 about half of all cars. Not long ago, many cars dealers 53 women shoppers by ignoring them or suggesting that they come back with their husbands. Now car companies have realized that women are 54 customers. It’s interesting that some leading Japanese car dealers were the first to 55 pay attention to women customers. In Japan, fewer women have jobs or buy cars — the Japanese society is still very much male—oriented. Perhaps it was the 56 contrast with Japanese society that prompted American firms to pay more attention to women buyers.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答 A）scale B）retailed C）generate D）extreme E）technically F）affordable G）situation H）really I）potential J）gap K）voluntary L）excessive M）insulted N）purchase O）primarily Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One

Question 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Reading new peaks of popularity in North America is Iceberg Water which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada.

Arthur von Wiesenberger, who carries the title Water Master, is one of the few water critics in North America. As a boy, he spent time in the larger cities of Italy, France and Switzerland, Where bottled water is consumed daily. Even then, he kept a water journal, noting the brands he liked best. “My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water.” He says.

But is plain tap water all that bad? Not at all. In fact, New York’s municipal water for more than a century was called the champagne of tap water and until recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity. Similarly, a magazine in England found that tap water from the Thames River tasted better than several leading brands of bottled water that were 400 times more expensive.

Nevertheless, soft-drink companies view bottled water as the next battle-ground for market share-this despite the fact that over 25 percent of bottled water comes from tap water: PepsiCo’s Aquafina and Coca-Cola’s Dasani are both purified tap water rather than spring water.

As diners thirst for leading brands, bottlers and restaurateurs salivate (垂涎) over the profits. A restaurant’s typical mark-up on wine is 100 to 150 percent, whereas on bottled water it’s often 300 to 500 percent. But since water is much cheaper than wine, and many of the fancier brands aren’t available in stores, most dines don’t notice or care.

As a result, some restaurants are turning up the pressure to sell bottled water. According to an article in The Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands on the menu without prices, and pouring bottled water without even asking the dinners if they want it.

Regardless of how it’s sold, the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire for better health, our wish to appear cultivated, and even a longing for lost purity. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

57. What do we know about Iceberg Water from the passage?

A. It is a kind of iced water. B. It is just plain tap water. C. It is a kind of bottled water. D. It is a kind of mineral water.

58. By saying “ My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water” (Line 4, Para 2), von Wiesenberg wants to

convey the message that ________.

A. plain tap water is certainly unfit for drinking B. bottled water is clearly superior to tap water C. bottled water often appeals more to dogs taste D. dogs can usually detect a fine difference in taste 59. The “fancier brands” (Line 3 Para 5) refers to ________.

A. tap water from the Thames River

B. famous wines not sold in ordinary stores C. PepsiCo’s Aquafina and Coca-Cola’s Dasani D. expensive bottled water with impressive names

60. Why are some restaurants turning up the pressure to sell bottled water?

A. Bottled water brings in huge profits.

B. Competition from the wine industry is intense. C. Most diners find bottled water affordable.

D. Bottled water satisfied diners’ desire to fashionable. 61. According to passage, why is bottled water so popular?

A. It is much cheaper than wine. B. It is considered healthier.

C. It appeals to more cultivated people.

D. It is more widely promoted in the market.

Passage Two

As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease – especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight , but does not

eat very nutritious (有营养的) foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk , and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.

The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “ not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body’s special needs. Both types have simply been called “well”. In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well” and “wellness” only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health. People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise and they make a point of monitoring their body’s condition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be \"well,\" in this new sense, if they thoughts, 76 about the university the mind, love, dreams, or ordering a drink, It is an immensely complex 77 that we take for granted. Indeed, we are not aware of most 78 of our speech and understanding. Consider what happens when one person is speaking to 79 . The Speaker has to translate thoughts into 80 language. Brain imaging studies suggest that the time from thoughts to the 81 of speech is extremely fast. Only 0.04 seconds! The listener must hear the sounds to 82 out what the speaker means. He must use the sounds of speech to 83 the words spoken, understand the pattern of 84 of the words (sentences), and finally 85 the meaning. This takes somewhat longer, a minimum of about 0.5 seconds. But 86 started, it is of course a continuous process. 67. A. apart B. off C. up D. down 68. A. so B. but C. or D. for 69. A. transfer B. transmit C. convey D. communicate make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. \"Wellness\" may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life. 62.Today medical care is placing more stress on ________. A. keeping people in a healthy physical condition B. monitoring patients’ body functions C. removing people’s bad living habits

D. ensuring people’s psychological well-being

63. In the first paragraph, people are reminded that ________. A. good health is more than not being ill

B. drinking, even if not to excess, could be harmful C. regular health checks are essential to keeping fit D. prevention is more difficult than cure

64.Traditionally, a person is considered \"well\" if he ________. A. does not have any unhealthy living habits B. does not have any physical handicaps C. is able to handle his daily routines D. is free from any kind of disease

65. According to the author, the true meaning of \"wellness\" is for people ________. A. to best satisfy their body’s special needs B. to strive to maintain the best possible health C. to meet the strictest standards of bodily health D. to keep a proper balance between work and leisure

66. According to what the author advocates, which of the following groups of people would be considered healthy? A. People who have strong muscles as well as slim figures.

B. People who are not presently experiencing any symptoms of disease. C. People who try to be as possible, regardless of their limitations.

D. People who can recover from illness even without seeking medical care. 完形填空

Language is the most astonishing behavior in the animal kingdom. It is the species-typical behavior that sets humans completely 67 from all other animals. Language is a means of communication, 68 it is much more than that. Many animals can 69 . The dance of the honeybee communicates the location of flowers 70 other members of the hive(蜂群). But human language permits communication about anything. 71 things like unicorns(独角兽)that have never existed. The key 72 in the fact that the units of meaning, words, can be 73 together in different ways, according to 74 , to communicate different meanings.

Language is the most important learning we do. Nothing 75 humans so much as our ability to communicate abstract

70. A. to B. from C. over D. on 71. A. only B. almost C. even D. just 72. A. stays B. situates C. hides D. lies 73. A. stuck B. strung C. rung D. consisted 74. A. rules B. scales C. laws D. standards 75. A. combines B. contains C. defines D. declares 76. A. what B. whether C. while D. if 77. A. prospect B. progress C. process D. produce 78. A. aspects B. abstracts C. angles D. assumptions 79. A. anybody B. another C. other D. everybody 80. A. body B. gesture C. written D. spoken 81. A. growing B. fixing C. beginning D. building 82. A. put B. take C. draw D. figure 83. A. identify B. locate C. reveal D. discover 84. A. performance B. organization C. design D. layout 85. A. prescribe B. justify C. utter D. interpret 86. A. since B. after C. once D. until

Part VI Translation (5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. 87. Specialists in intercultural studies says that it is not easy to _______________(适应不同文化中的生活) 88. Since my childhood I have fond that _____________________(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力) 89. The victim _______________________(本来会有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time 90. Some psychologists claim that people___________________(出门在外时可能会感到孤独) 91. The nation’s population continues to rise __________________(以每年1200万人的速度)

参考答案A 卷：（官方答案将会在成绩公布后发表）

Part I Writing (15%) 参考范文：

The approach of the Chinese Lunar New Year poses a national issue concerning the necessity of holding the CCTV Spring Festival Gala. Its established status is being challenged by a growing number of people, especially by younger generations. It is increasingly difficult to cater for all tastes.

Some individuals deem that it should be canceled or replaced by other programs. These young people focus their attention on other forms of celebration instead of immersing themselves in TV. Despite that, the majority of mid-aged people and senior citizens uphold the importance of the traditional performance. The most striking feature of this gala is its traditionally close link with ordinary people’s lives. Most of people view this gala as an annual staple on the traditional Chinese Spring Festival Eve. They all have a restless night and glue their eyes on the television.

I am not supportive of the view that the grand gala should be abandoned. Undoubtedly, it plays a vital role in the

celebration of Chinese New Year. To increase its appeal and meet young adults’ need, the upcoming performance should invite some big names including super stars from Hong Kong and Taiwan. We are all eagerly anticipating this unforgettable evening show.

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning ) (10%) 1. N 2. N 3. Y 4. N 5. Y

Part III Listening Comprehension (35%) Section A

11. B Give her more information 12. C She’ll go without dessert

13. A The man can speak a foreign language 14. C See Prof. Smith

15. D She can pass on the message for the man 16. B He’s got emotional problems

17. D It’s better to buy the tickets beforehand 18. A He turned suddenly and ran into a tree 19. D to attend a wedding in Montreal 20. C Brush up on her French

21. B It has many historical buildings 22. A It was about a little animal

23. D She can make a living by doing what she likes 36. natural 37. usage 38. exception 39. particular 40. reference 41. essays 42. colleagues 43. personal

44. What we may find interesting is that it usually takes more words to be polite 45. but to a stranger, I probably would say \"would you mind closing the door?\"

46. There are bound to be some words and phrases that belong in formal language and others that are informal. Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth ) (25%) Section A

47. O) primarily 48. K) voluntary 49. G) situation 50. J) gap

51. C) generate 52. N) purchase 53. M) insulted 54. I) potential 55. H) really 56. D) extreme Section B

6. Y 7. NG

8. move forward 9. looking back

10. the more you get back 24. B Her ideas

25. A She doesn’t really know where they originated Section B

26. C Record students’ weekly performance 27. B Lack of attention

28. D They should see to it that their children have adequate sleep 29. C She became a public figure

30. D A motorist’s failure to concentrate 31. A Nervous and unsure of herself

32. B Restrictions on cell phone use while driving

33. B There are too many kinds of cold viruses for them to identify 34. D They show our body is fighting the virus 35. A It actually does more harm than good Section C

57. C) It is a kind of bottled water

58. B) bottled water is clearly superior to tap water 59. D) expensive bottled water with impressive names 60. A) Bottled water brings in huge profits 61. B) It is considered healthier

62. C) removing people’s bad living habits 63. A) good health is more than not being ill 64. D) is free from any kind of disease

65. B) to strive to maintain the best possible health

66. C) People who try to be as healthy as possible , regardless of their limitations

听力原文：

Section A: Conversations Short Conversations短对话

11. M: Christmas is around the corner. And I’m looking for a gift for my girlfriend. Any suggestions? W: Well you have to tell me something about your girlfriend first. Also, what’s your budget? Q: What does the woman want the man to do?

12. M: What would you like for dessert? I think I’ll have apple pie and ice cream.

W: The chocolate cake looks great, but I have to watch my weight. You go ahead and get yours. Q: What would the woman most probably do?

13. W: Having visited so many countries, you must be able to speak several different languages. M: I wish I could. But Japanese and of course English are the only languages I can speak. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

14. M: Professor Smith asked me to go to his office after class. So it’s impossible for me to make it to the bar at ten. W: Then it seems that we’ll have to meet an hour later at the library.

Q: What will the man do first after class?

15. M: It’s already 11 now. Do you mean I ought to wait until Mr. Bloom comes back from the class? W: Not really. You can just leave a note. I’ll give it to her later. Q: What does the woman mean?

16. M: How is John now? Is he feeling any better?

W: Not yet. It still seems impossible to make him smile. Talking to him is really difficult and he gets upset easily over little when I’m writing. The ideas come first. So it really depends on the ideas that grasp me next. M: where did the ideas for the “Harry Potter” books come from?

I’ve no ideas where the ideas came from. And I hope I’ll never find out. It would spoil my excitement if it turned out I just have a funny wrinkle on the surface of my brain, which makes me think about the invisible train platform. M: How did you come up with the names of your characters?

I invented some of them. But I also collected strange names. I’ve got one from ancient saints, maps, dictionaries, plants, things.

Q: What do we learn about John from the conversation? 17. M: Do we have to get the opera tickets in advance?

W: Certainly. Tickets at the door are usually sold at a higher price. Q: What does the woman imply?

18. M: The taxi driver must have been speeding.

W: Well, not really. He crashed into the tree because he was trying not to hit a box that had fallen off the truck ahead of him.

Q: What do we learn about the taxi driver?

Long Conversations: 长对话 Conversation 1

W: Hey, Bob, guess what? I’m going to visit Quebec next summer. I’m invited to go to a friend’s wedding. But while I’m there I’d also like to do some sightseeing.

M: That’s nice, Shelly. But do you mean the province of Quebec, or Quebec City?

W: I mean the province. My friend’s wedding is in Montreal. I’m going there first. I’ll stay for five days. Is Montreal the capital city of the province?

M: Well, Many people think so because it’s the biggest city. But it’s not the capital. Quebec City is. But Montreal is great. The Saint Royal River runs right through the middle of the city. It’s beautiful in summer.

W: Wow, and do you think I can get by in English? My French is OK, but not that good. I know most people there speak French, but can I also use English?

M: Well, People speak both French and English there. But you’ll hear French most of the time. And all the street signs are in French. In fact, Montreal is the third largest French speaking city in the world. So you’d better practice your French before you go.

W: Good advice. What about Quebec City? I’ll visit a friend from college who lives there now. What’s it like?

M: It’s a beautiful city, very old. Many old buildings have been nicely restored. Some of them were built in the 17th or 18th centuries. You’ll love there. W: Fantastic. I can’t wait to go. Questions:

19. What’s the woman’s main purpose of visiting Quebec? 20. What does the man advise the woman to do before the trip? 21. What does the man say about the Quebec City? Conversation 2

M: Hi, Miss Rowling, how old were you when you started to write? And what was you r first book?

W: I wrote my first Finnish (finished) story when I was about six. It was about a small animal, a rabbit, I mean. And I’ve been writing ever since?

M: Why did you choose to be an author?

W: If someone asked me how to achieve happiness. Step One would be finding out what you love doing most. Step two would be finding someone to pay you to do this. I consider myself very lucky indeed to be able to support myself by writing M: Do you have any plans to write books for adults?

W: My first two novels were for adults. I suppose I might write another one. But I never really imagine a target audience

war memoirs and people I met.

M: Oh, you are really resourceful. Questions:

22. What do we learn from the conversation about Miss Rowling’s first book? 23. Why does Miss Rowling consider her so very lucky? 24. What dictates Miss Rowling’s writing?

25. According to Miss Rowling where did she get the ideas for the Harry Porter books? Section B: Passages Passage 1

Reducing the amount of sleep students get at night has a direct impact on their performance at school during the day. According to classroom teachers, elementary and middle school students who stay up late exhibit more learning and attention problems. This has been shown by Brown Medical School and Bradley Hospital research. In the study, teachers were not told the amount of sleep students received when completing weekly performance reports, yet they rated the students who had received eight hours or less as having the most trouble recalling all the material，learning new lessons and completing high-quality work. Teachers also reported that these students had more difficulty paying attention. The experiment is the first to ask teachers to report on the effects of sleep deficiency in children. Just staying up late can cause increased academic difficulty and attention problems for otherwise healthy, well-functioning kids, said Garharn Forlone, the study’s lead author. So the results provide professionals and parents with a clear message: when a child is having learning and attention problems, the issue of sleep has to be taken into consideration. “If we don’t ask about sleep, and try to improve sleep patterns in kids’ struggling academically, then we aren’t doing our job”, Forlone said. For parents, he said, the message is simple, “getting kids to bed on time is as important as getting them to school on time”. Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. Question 26: What were teachers told to do in the experiment?

Question 27: According to the experiment, what problem can insufficient sleep cause in students? Question 28: What message did the researcher intend to convey to parents? Passage 2

Patricia Pena never wanted to be a public figure. All she wanted to be was a mother and home-maker. But her life was turned upside down when a motorist, distracted by his cell phone, ran a stop sign and crashed into the side of her car. The impact killed her 2-year-old daughter. Four months later, Pena reluctantly but courageously decided to try to educate the public and to fight for laws to ban drivers from using cell phones while a car is moving. She wanted to save other children from what happened to her daughter. In her first speech, Pena got off to a shaky start. She was visibly trembling and her voice was soft and uncertain. But as she got into her speech, a dramatic transformation took place. She stopped shaking and spoke with a strong voice. For the rest of her talk, she was a forceful and compelling speaker. She wanted everyone in the audience to know what she knew without having to learn it from a personal tragedy. Many in the audience were moved to tears and to action. In subsequent presentations, Pena gained reputation as a highly effective speaker. Her appearance on a talk show was broadcast three times, transmitting her message to over 40 million people. Her campaign increased public awareness of the problem, and prompted over 300 cities and several states to consider restrictions on cell phone use. Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. Question 29: What was the significant change in Patricia Pena’s life? Question 30: What had led to Pena’s personal tragedy?

Question 31: How did Pena feel when she began her first speech?

Question 32: What could be expected as a result of Pena’s efforts? Passage 3

Many people catch a cold in the spring time or fall. It makes us wonder if scientists can send a man to the moon, why can’t they find a cure for the common cold. The answer is easy. There’re actually hundreds of kinds of cold viruses out there. You never know which one you will get, so there isn’t a cure for each one. When a virus attacks your body, your body works hard to get rid of it. Blood rushes to your nose and causes a blockade in it. You feel terrible because you can’t breathe well, but your body is actually eating the virus. Your temperature rises and you get a fever, but the heat of your body is killing the virus. You also have a running nose to stop the virus from getting into your cells. You may feel miserable, but actually your wonderful body is doing everything it can to kill the cold. Different people have different remedies for colds. In the United States and some other countries, for example, people might eat chicken soup to feel better. Some people take hot bath and drink warm liquids. Other people take medicines to relieve various symptoms of colds. There was one interesting thing to note. Some scientists say taking medicines when you have a cold is actually bad for you. The virus stays in you longer, because your body doesn’t develop a way to fight it and kill it.

Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

Question 33: According to the passage, why haven’t scientists found a cure for the common cold? Question 34: What does the speaker say about the symptoms of the common cold?

Question 35: What do some scientists say about taking medicines for the common cold, according to the passage?

D) Helen is active.

10. A) Jimmy is not serious in making decisions. B) Jimmy is rich enough to buy a big house. C) Jimmy’s words are often not reliable.

D) Jimmy will regret marrying a Frenchwoman. Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

2006年6月四级试题

Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 1. A) They enjoyed the party better than the other guests. B) They knew none of the other guests at the party. C) They didn’t think much of the food and drinks. D) They went a long way to attend the party. 2. A) To the dentist’s. B) To the market. C) To the post office. D) To the bookstore.

3. A) She dislikes Dr. Andrews as much as the new physician. B) Dr. Andrews has been promoted for his thoroughness. C) She disagrees with Dr. Andrews on many occasions. D) Dr. Andrews used to keep his patients waiting. 4. A) Tom is usually talkative. B) Tom has a very bad temper.

C) Tom is disliked by his colleagues. D) Tom has dozens of things to attend to.

5. A) To find out more about the topic for the seminar. B) To make a copy of the schedule for his friend. C) To get the seminar schedule for the woman. D) To pick up the woman from the library.

6. A) The man doesn’t want to sell his textbooks to the woman. B) The woman has to get the textbooks in other ways.

C) The woman has sold her used textbooks to the bookstore. D) The man is going to buy his textbooks from a bookstore. 7. A) Give a speech. B) Meet his lawyer. C) Attend a conference. D) Make a business trip.

8. A) Jessie should know the marketing director better. B) Jessie is wrong to find fault with her boss. C) Jessie seems to have a lot on her mind. D) Jessie always says what she thinks. 9. A) Helen is quiet. B) Helen is talkative. C) Helen is sociable.

Passage One

Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard. 11. A) It has done more harm than good in the southern USA. B) It was brought to the northern USA by Asian farmers. C) It was introduced into the USA to kill harmful weeds. D) It can be used by farmers to protect large buildings. 12. A) They will become too hard to plough. B) They will soon be overgrown with kudzu. C) People will have to rely on kudzu for a living. D) People will find it hard to protect the soil. 13. A) The soil there is not so suitable for the plant. B) The factories there have found a good use for it. C) The farmers there have brought it under control. D) The climate there is unfavorable to its growth. Passage Two

Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard. 14. A) The universe as a whole

B) A society of legal professionals.

C) An association of teachers and scholars. D) A business corporation.

15. A) Provincial colleges were taken over by larger universities. B) Its largest expansion took place during that period. C) Small universities combined to form bigger ones. D) Its role in society went through a dramatic change. 16. A) Private donations. B) Fees paid by students. C) Government funding. D) Grants from corporations. Passage Three

Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard. 17. A) He was interested in the study of wild animals. B) He started the organization Heifer International. C) He was wounded in the Spanish civil war.

D) He sold his cows to many countries in the world.

18. A) To make plans for the development of poor communities. B) To teach people how to use new skills to raise animals.

C) To help starving families to become self-supporting. D) To distribute food to the poor around the world.

19. A) They should submit a report of their needs and goals. B) They should provide food for the local communities.

C) They should offer all baby animals to their poor neighbors. D) They should help other families the way they have been helped. 20. A) It has helped relieve hunger in some developing countries. B) It has improved animal breeding skills all over the world.

C) It has bridged the gap between the rich and the poor in America. D) It has promoted international exchange of farming technology.

Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)

Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each

of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage One

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Women’s education may be unusual territory for economists, but enhancing women’s contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue. And economics, with its emphasis on incentives (激励), provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education.

Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family: girls grow up only to marry into somebody else’s family and bear children. Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school-the prophecy (预言) becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle (恶性循环) of neglect.

An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. The education of her daughters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as of boys, will be educated and healthy. The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous circle.

Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well. Most obviously, there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments, but they are just the beginning. Educating women also has a significant impact on health practices, including family planning. 21. The author argues that educating girls in developing countries is _________. A) rewarding B) troublesome C) expensive D) labor-saving

22. By saying “…the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling…” (Lines 4-5, Para. 2), the author means that __________. A) girls will eventually find their goals in life beyond reach B) girls will be increasingly discontented with their life at home C) girls will be capable of realizing their own dreams D) girls will turn out to be less valuable than boys

23. The author believes that a vicious circle can turn into a virtuous circle when ________ A) women care more about education

B) parents can afford their daughters’ education C) girls can gain equal access to education D) a family has fewer but healthier children

24. What does the author say about women’s education?

A) It has aroused the interest of a growing number of economists.

B) It will yield greater returns than other known investments. C) It is now given top priority in many developing countries. D) It deserves greater attention than other social issues. 25. The passage mainly discusses __________.

A) unequal treatment of boys and girls in developing countries B) the major contributions of educated women to society C) the economic and social benefits of educating women D) the potential earning power of well-educated women Passage Two

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

Psychiatrists (精神病专家) who work with older parents say that maturity can be an asset in child rearing ---- older parents are more thoughtful, use less physical discipline and spend more time with their children. But raising kids takes money and energy. Many older parents find themselves balancing their limited financial resources, declining energy and failing health against the growing demands of an active child. Dying and leaving young children is probably the older parents’ biggest, and often unspoken, fear. Having late-life children, says an economics professor, often means parents, particularly fathers, “end up retiring much later.” For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream.

Henry Metcalf, a 54-year-old journalist, knows it takes money to raise kids. But he’s also worried that his energy will give out first. Sure, he can still ride bikes with his athletic fifth grader, but he’s learned that young at heart doesn’t mean young. Lately he’s been taking afternoon naps (午睡) to keep up his energy. “My body is aging,” says Metcalf, “You can’t get away from that.”

Often, older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological clock. Therapists who work with middle-aged and older parents say fears about aging are nothing to laugh at. “They worry they’ll be mistaken for grandparents, or that they’ll need help getting up out of those little chairs in nursery school,” says Joann Galst, a New York psychologist. But at the core of those little fears there is often a much bigger one: “that they won’t be alive long enough to support and protect their child,” she says.

Many late-life parents, though, say their children came at just the right time. After marrying late and undergoing years of fertility (受孕) treatment, Marilyn Nolen and her husband, Randy, had twins. “We both wanted children,” says Marilyn, who was 55 when she gave birth. The twins have given the couple what they desired for years, “a sense of family.”

Kids of older dads are often smarter, happier and more sociable because their fathers are more involved in their lives. “The dads are older, more mature,” says Dr. Silber, “and more ready to focus on parenting.” 26. Why do psychiatrists regard maturity as an asset in child rearing?

A) Older parents can better balance their resources against children’s demands. B) Older parents are usually more experienced in bringing up their children. C) Older parents are often better prepared financially. D) Older parents can take better care of their children.

27. What does the author mean by saying “For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream” (Lines 7-8, Para. 1)? A) They have to go on working beyond their retirement age.

B) They can’t get full pension unless they work some extra years. C) They can’t obtain the retirement benefits they have dreamed of. D) They are reluctant to retire when they reach their retirement age. 28. The author gives the example of Henry Metcalf to show that _________. A) many people are young in spirit despite their advanced age B) taking afternoon naps is a good way to maintain energy C) older parents tend to be concerned about their aging bodies

D) older parents should exercise more to keep up with their athletic children.

29. What’s the biggest fear of older parents according to New York psychologist Joann Galst? A) Being laughed at by other people.

B) Slowing down of their pace of life. C) Being mistaken for grandparents. D) Approaching of death.

30. What do we learn about Marilyn and Randy Nolen?

A) They thought they were an example of successful fertility treatment. B) Not until they had the twins did they feel they had formed a family. C) They believed that children born of older parents would be smarter. D) Not until they reached middle age did they think of having children. Passage Three

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

Interest in pursuing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by chronic (长久的) personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for talent.

Professionals seek career experience outside of their home countries for a variety of reasons. They may feel the need to recharge their batteries with a new challenge. They may want a position with more responsibility that encourages creativity and initiative. Or they may wish to expose their children to another culture, and the opportunity to learn a second language.

When applying for a job, one usually has to submit a resume or curriculum vitae (CV). The two terms generally mean the same thing: a one-or two-page document describing one’s educational qualifications and professional experience. However, guidelines for preparing a resume are constantly changing. The best advice is to find out what is appropriate regarding the corporate (公司的) culture, the country culture, and the culture of the person making the hiring decision. The challenge will be to embrace two or more cultures in one document. The following list is a good place to start.

 Educational requirements differ from country to country. In almost every case of “cross-border” job hunting, just

stating the title of your degree will not be an adequate description. Provide the reader with details about your studies and any related experience.

 Pay attention to the resume format you use---chronological or reverse-chronological order. Chronological order

means listing your “oldest” work experience first. Reverse-chronological order means listing your current or most recent experience first. Most countries have preferences about which format is most acceptable. If you find no specific guidelines, the general preference is for the reverse-chronological format.

 If you are submitting your resume in English, find out if the recipient (收件人) uses British English or American

English because there are variations between the two versions. For example, university education is often referred to as “tertiary education” in the United Kingdom, but this term is almost never used in the United States. A reader who is unfamiliar with these variations may assume that your resume contains errors.

31. Companies are hiring more foreign employees because___________. A) they have difficulty finding qualified personnel at home. B) they find foreign employees are usually more talented C) the need original ideas from employees hired overseas D) they want to expand their business beyond home borders

32. The author believes that an individual who applies to work overseas ___________. A) is usually creative and full of initiative B) aims to improve his foreign language skills

C) seeks either his own or his children’s development D) is dissatisfied with his own life at home

33. When it comes to resume writing, it is best to __________ A) know the employer’s personal likes and dislikes B) follow appropriate guidelines for job hunting C) learn about the company’s hiring process D) take cultural factors into consideration

34. When writing about qualifications, applicants are advised to ________.

A) provide a detailed description of their study and work experiences B) give the title of the university degree they have earned at home C) highlight their keen interest in pursuing a “cross-border” career D) stress their academic potential to impress the decision maker

35. According to the author’s last piece of advice, the applicants should be aware of ________ A) the recipient’s preference with regard to the format B) the different educational systems in the US and the UK C) the differences between the varieties of English

D) the distinctive features of American and British cultures Passage Four

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.

Speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in for an unwelcome surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobiliser (锁止器), and a radio signal from a control centre miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again.

The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car contains a mini-cellphone, a microprocessor and memory, and a GPS (全球定位系统) satellite positioning receiver. If the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the control centre to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine being restarted.

In the UK a set of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves. “The pattern of vehicle crime has changed,” says Martyn Randall, a security expert. He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old.

Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer won’t allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition (点火) key. In the UK, technologies like this have helped achieve a 31% drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.

But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars, often by getting hold of the owner’s keys. And key theft is responsible for 40% of the thefts of vehicles fitted with a tracking system.

If the car travels 100 metres without the driver confirming their ID, the system will send a signal to an operations centre that it has been stolen. The hundred metres minimum avoids false alarms due to inaccuracies in the GPS signal.

Staff at the centre will then contact the owner to confirm that the car really is missing, and keep police informed of the vehicle’s movements via the car’s GPS unit.

36. What’s the function of the remote immobiliser fitted to a car? A) To allow the car to lock automatically when stolen. B) To prevent the car thief from restarting it once it stops. C) To help the police make a surprise attack on the car thief.

D) To prevent car theft by sending a radio signal to the car owner.

37. By saying “The pattern of vehicle crime has changed” (Lines 1-2, Para.3), Martyn Randall suggests that _________. A) self-prepared tools are no longer enough for car theft B) the thief has to make use of computer technology

C) it takes a longer time for the car thief to do the stealing D) the thief has lost interest in stealing cars over 10 years old 38. What is essential in making a modern car tougher to steal? A) A GPS satellite positioning receiver B) A unique ID card

C) A special cellphone signal D) A coded ignition key

39. Why does the tracking system set a 100-metre minimum before sending an alarm to the operations centre?

A) To give the driver time to contact the operations centre B) To allow for possible errors in the GPS system C) To keep police informed of the car’s movements

D) To leave time for the operations centre to give an alarm 40. What will the operations centre do first after receiving an alarm? A) Start the tracking system. B) Locate the missing car. C) Contact the car owner. D) Block the car engine.

A) held out B) held on C) held forth D) held back

56. The technological advances made it possible for the middle classes to enjoy what had once been _________ only to the very rich.

A) manageable B) acceptable C) affordable D) measurable

57. After working all day, he was so tired that he was in no ________ to go to the party with us. A) mood B) emotion C) sense D) taste

58. It is clear that the dog has a much greater _________ of its brain devoted to smell than is the case with humans. A) composition B) proportion C) compound D) percent

59. There is already clear _________ to show that plants and animals are being affected by climate change. A) witness B) evidence C) identity D) certification 60. Numerous studies already link the first meal of the day to better classroom _________. A) function B) behavior C) performance D) display

61. In the US. 88 percent of smokers had started before they were 18, despite the fact that it is __________ to sell cigarettes to anyone under that age. A) illegal B) irrational C) liberal D) liable

62. Although many experts agree that more children are overweight, there is debate over the best ways to __________ the problem. A) relate B) file C) attach D) tackle

63. Sadly, as spending on private gardens has _________, spending on public parks has generally declined. A) lifted B) flown C) heightened D) soared

64. It’s good to know that quite a few popular English expressions actually _________ from the Bible. A) acquire B) derive C) result D) obtain

65. According to the key witnesses, a peculiarly big nose is the criminal’s most memorable facial __________. A) feature B) signature C) hint D) spot

66. An important factor in determining how well you perform in an examination is the _______ of your mind. A) case B) circumstance C) state D) situation 67. Brazil’s constitution ________ the military use of nuclear energy. A) withdraws B) interrupts C) objects D) forbids 68. Tom, did it ever ________ to you that you would be punished for cheating on exam?. A) strike B) happen C) occur D) reflect

69. Lung cancer, like some other cancers, often doesn’t produce _________ until it is too late and has spread beyond the chest to the brain, liver or bones. A) symbols B) symptoms C) trails D) therapies

70. Research shows that there is no__________ relationship between how much a person earns and whether he feels good about life.

A) successive B) sincere C) significant D) subsequent

Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)

Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).

Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

41. A special feature of education at MIT is the opportunity for students and faculty to _________ together in research activities. A) involve B) participate C) specialize D) consist

42. American college students are increasingly __________ with credit card debt and the consequences can be rather serious. A) discharged B) dominated C) boosted D) burdened

43. Some people argue that the death ___________ does not necessarily reduce the number of murders. A) penalty B) plot C) pattern D) practice

44. A study shows that students living in non-smoking dorms are less likely to __________ the habit of smoking. A) turn up B) pick up C) make up D) draw up

45. The most successful post-career athletes are those who can take the identity and life skills they learned in sports and ___________ them to another area of life. A) apply B) utilize C) employ D) exert

46. Many personnel managers say it is getting harder and harder to ________ honest applicants from the growing number of dishonest ones. A) dissolve B) disguise C) discount D) distinguish 47. Almost all job applicants are determined to leave a good _______ on a potential employer. A) illusion B) impression C) reflection D) reputation

48. Being out of work, Jane can no longer ______ friends to dinners and movies as she used to. A) treat B) appeal C) urge D) compel

49. Although they lost their jobs, savings and unemployment benefits allow the couple to _______ their comfortable home. A) look forward to B) catch up with C) hold on to D) come in for

50. The findings paint a unique picture of the shopping habits of customers, plus their motivation and __________. A) possessions B) possibilities C) privileges D) preferences

51. With the increasing unemployment rate, workers who are 50 to 60 years old are usually the first to be __________. A) laid aside B) laid up C) laid out D) laid off

52. People’s expectations about the future may have more influence on their sense of well-being than their __________ state does.

A) primitive B) modern C) current D) initial

53. __________ by the superstars on television, the young athletes trained hard and played intensely. A) Imitated B) Insured C) Imposed D) Inspired

54. The physical differences between men and women can be ________ directly to our basic roles as hunters and child-bearers. A) switched B) traced C) pursued D) followed

55. Many women still feel that they are being ________ by a male culture, particularly in the professional services sector.

100

Part IV Cloze (15 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on

the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

The part of the environmental movement that draws my firm’s attention is the design of cities, buildings and products. When we designed America’s first so-called “green” office building in New York two decades 71 , we felt very alone. But today, thousands of people come to green building conferences, and the 72 that buildings can be good for people and the environment will be increasingly influential in years to 73 . Back in 1984 we discovered that most manufactured products for decoration weren’t designed for 74 use. The “energy-efficient” sealed commercial buildings constructed after the 1970s energy crisis 75 indoor air quality problems

caused by materials such as paint, wall covering and carpet. So for 20 years, we’ve been focusing on these materials 76 to the molecules, looking for ways to make them 77 for people and the planet.

Home builders can now use materials----such as paints that release significantly 78 amounts of organic compounds ----that don’t 79 the quality of the air, water, or soil. Ultimately, 80 , our basic design strategy is focused not simply on being “less bad” but on creating 81 healthful materials that can be either safely returned to the soil 82 reused by industry again and again. As a matter of 83 , the world’s largest carpet manufacturer has already 84 a carpet that is fully and safely recyclable (可循环利用的).

Look at it this way: No one 85 out to create a building that destroys the planet. But our current industrial systems are 86 causing these conditions, whether we like it or not. So 87 of simply trying to reduce the damage, we are 88 a positive approach. We’re giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices that have a 89 effect on the world.

It’s not just the building industry, either, 90 cities are taking these environmentally positive approaches to design, planning and building. Portland, Seattle and Boston have said they want to be green cities. Chicago wants to be the greenest city in the world. 71. A) off B) away C) before D) ago 72. A) practice B) idea C) outlook D) scheme 73. A) go B) continue C) come D) arrive 74. A) relevant B) indoor C) flexible D) inward 75. A) revealed B) displayed C) exhibited D) discovered 76. A) back B) near C) down D) next 77. A) cautious B) comfortable C) stable D) safe 78. A) reduced B) revised C) delayed D) descended 79. A) destroy B) deny C) dissolve D) depress 80. A) anyway B) besides C) anyhow D) however 81. A) exactly B) completely C) partially D) superficially 82. A) and B) nor C) or D) but 83. A) principle B) course C) interest D) fact 84. A) developed B) sketched C) researched D) constructed 85. A) looks B) pulls C) starts D) makes 86. A) originally B) traditionally C) basically D) inevitably 87. A) instead B) because C) out D) regardless 88. A) adjusting B) adopting C) adapting D) admitting 89. A) functional B) sensible C) beneficial D) precious 90. A) Full B) Entire C) Total D) Complete

2006年6月四级试题详解

21. A 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. C 36. B 37. A 38. B 39. B 40. C 41. A 42. D 43. A 44. B 45. A 46. D 47. B 48. A 49. C 50. D 51. D 52. C 53. D 54. B 55. D 56. C 57. A 58. B 59. B 60. C 61. A 62. D 63. D 64. B 65. A 66. C 67. D 68. C 69. B 70. C 71. D 72. B 73. C 74. B 75. A 76. C 77. D 78. A 79. A 80. D 81. B 82. C 83. D 84. A 85. C 86. D 87. A 88. B 89. C 90. B 【听力原文】 Section A

1. M: I think the hostess really went out of her way to make the party a success.

W: Yes, the food and drinks were great , but if only we had known a few of the other guests. Q: What did the two speakers say about the party?

2. M: Can you stop by the post office and get me some envelopes and 39 cents’ stamps?

W: Well, I am not going to stop by the post office, but I can buy you some at the bookstore after I see the dentist on Market

street.

Q: Where will the woman go first?

Part V Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled An announcement for a voluntary program. You should write at Least 120 words following the outline given below: 1.校学生会组织依次暑假志愿活动现招聘志愿者 2.本次志愿都活动的目的内容及安排 3.报名条件和联系方式

An announcement for a voluntary program

101

3. M: How do you like the new physician who replaced Dr. Andrews?

W: He may not seem as agreeable or as thorough as Dr. Andrews, but at least he doesn’t keep patients waiting for hours. Q: What can we infer from the woman’s answer?

4. W: Tom must be in a bad mood today. He hasn’t said half a dozen words all afternoon. M: Oh, really? That’s not like the Tom we know. Q: What does the man imply?

5. W: Do you have the seminar schedule with you? I’d like to find out the topic for Friday.

M: I gave it to my friend, but there should be copies available in the library. I can pick one up for you. Q: What does the man promise to do?

6 W: I wonder if you could sell me the Psychology textbooks. You took the course last semester, didn’t you? M: As a matter of fact, I already sold them back to the school bookstore. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

7. W: Here is this week’s schedule, Tony. On Monday, there is the board meeting. Your speech to the lion’s club is on Tuesday

afternoon. Then on Wednesday you have an appointment with your lawyer and… M: Wait, you mean the business conference on Tuesday is cancelled? Q: What will the man do this Tuesday?

8. M: Can you believe it? Jessie told her boss he was wrong to have fired his marketing director W: Yeah, but you know Jessie. If she has something in mind, everyone will know about it. Q: What does the woman mean?

9. M: We’ve got three women researchers in our group: Mary, Betty and Helen. Do you know them?

W: Sure. Mary is active and sociable. Betty is the most talkative woman I’ve ever met. But guess what? Helen’s just the

opposite.

Q: What do we learn from the woman’s remark about Helen?

10. W: Jimmy said that he was going to marry a rich French businesswoman.

M: Don’t be so sure. He once told me that he had bought a big house. Yet he’s still sharing an apartment with Mark. Q: What does the man imply? Section B Passage 1

Unless you have visited the southern United States, you probably have never heard of Kudzu. Kudzu, as any farmer in the south will sadly tell you, is a super-powered weed. It is a strong climbing plant. Once it gets started, Kudzu is almost impossible to stop. It climbs to the tops of the tallest trees. It can cover large buildings. Whole barns and farm houses have been known to disappear from view. Wherever it grows, its thick twisting stems are extremely hard to remove. Kudzu was once thought to be a helpful plant. Originally found in Asia, it was brought to America to help protect the land from being swallowed by the sea. It was planted where its tough roots which grow up to five feet long could help hold back the soil. But the plant soon spread to places where it wasn't wanted. Farmers now have to fight to keep it from killing other plants. In a way, Kudzu is a sign of labor shortage in the south. Where there is no one to work the fields, Kudzu soon takes over. The northern United States faces no threat from Kudzu. Harsh winters kill it off. The plant loves the warmth of the south, but the south surely doesn't love it. If someone could invent some use for Kudzu and remove it from southern farmland, his or her fortune would be assured.

11. What do we learn about “Kudzu” from the passage?

12. What will happen if the fields are neglected in the southern United States? 13. Why isn't Kudzu a threat to the northern United States? Passage 2

The word “university” comes from the Latin word “universities”, meaning “the whole”. Later, in Latin legal language, “universities” meant a society or corporation. In the Middle Ages, the word meant “ an association of teachers and scholars”. The origins of universities can be traced back to the 12th to14th centuries. In the early 12th century, long before universities

102

were organized in the modern sense, students gathered together for higher studies at certain centers of learning. The earliest

centers in the Europe were at Bolonia in Italy, founded in 1088. Other early centers were set up in France, the Czech Republic, Austria and Germany from 1150 to 1386. The first universities in Britain were Oxford and Cambridge. They were established in 1185 and 1209 respectively. The famous London University was founded in 1836. This was followed by the foundation of several universities such as Manchester and Birmingham, which developed from provincial colleges. It was in the 1960's that the largest expansion of higher education took place in Britain. This expansion took 3 basic forms: existing universities were enlarged, new universities were developed from existing colleges and completely new universities were set up. In Britain, finance for universities comes from three source: the first, and the largest source, is grants from the government, the second source is fees paid by students and the third one is private donations. All the British universities except one receive some government funding. The exception is Buckingham, which is Britain's only independent university. 14. What did the word \"Universities\" mean in the Middle Ages? 15. Why was the 1960s so significant for British Higher Education? 16. What is the main financial source for British universities? Passage 3

One of the biggest problems in developing countries is hunger. An organization called Heifer International is working to improve the situation. The organization sends farm animals to families and communities around the world. An American farmer Dan West developed the idea for Heifer International in the 1930s. Mr. West was working in Spain where he discovered a need for cows. Many families were starving because of the Civil War in that country. So Mr. West asked his friends in the Unites States to send some cows. The first Heifer animals were sent in 1944. Since that time more than 4 million people in 115 countries have had better lives because of heifer animals. To receive a Heifer animal, families must first explain their needs and goals. They must also make a plan which will allow them to become self-supporting. Local experts usually provide training. The organization says that animals must have food, water, shelter, health care and the ability to reproduce. Without them, the animals will not remain healthy and productive. Heifer International also believes that families must pass on some of their success to others in need. This belief guarantees that each person who takes part in the program also becomes a giver. Every family that receives a Heifer animal must agree to give that animal's first female baby to other people in need. Families must also agree to pass on the skills and training they receive from Heifer International. This concept helps communities become self-supporting.17: What does the speaker tell us about Mr. West?18: What is the ultimate goal of Heifer International?19: What are families required to do after they receive support from Heifer International?20: What is the major achievement of Heifer International?

1. C) They knew none of the other guests at the party. 2. B) To the dentist's.

3. C) Dr. Andrews used to keep his patients waiting. 4. A) Tom is usually talkative.

5. D) To get the seminar schedule for the woman.

6. A) The woman has to get the textbooks in other ways. 7. B) Give a speech.

8 A) Jessie always says what she thinks. 9. D) Helen is quiet.

10. D) Jimmy's words are often not reliable.

11. C) It has done more harm than good in the southern USA. 12. B) They will soon be overgrown with kudzu. 13. C) The climate there is unfavorable to its growth. 14. D) An association of teachers and scholars.

15. A) Its largest expansion took place during that period. 16. B) Government funding.

17. C) He started the organization Heifer International.

18. A) To help starving families to become self-supporting.

19. A) They should help other families the way they have been helped. 20. B) It has helped relieve hunger in some developing countries. PartⅡ Reading Comprehension

21. C) they want to expand their business beyond home borders 22. D) seeks either his own or his children's development 23 A) take cultural factors into consideration

24. C) provide a detailed description of their study and work experiences 25. B) the differences between the varieties of English 26. C) rewarding

27. A) girls will turn out to be less valuable than boys 28. B) girls can gain equal access to education

29. C) It will yield greater returns than other known investments. 30. D) the economic and social benefits of educating wom 31.C) To prevent the car thief from restarting it once it stops. 32. B) self-prepared tools are no longer enough for car theft 33. B) A unique ID cord.

34. D) To allow for possible errors in the GPS system. 35. B) Contact the car owner.

36B) Older parents can take better care of their children.

37. C) They can't get full pension unless they work some extra years. 38. C) older parents tend to be concerned about their aging bodies 39. A) Approaching of death.

40. D) They believed that children born of older parents would be smarter. Part III?? Vocabulary (20 minutes) 4l. B) initial 42. B) mood 43. D) evidence 44.. A) held back 45.D) preferences 46.C) derive 47 B) occur 48. D) illegal 49. A) feature 50 B) forbids 51.C) penalty 52. A) distinguish 53. D) pickup 54. C) impression 55. B) participate 56. D) hold on to 57.. B) tackle 58. A) state

59. C)significant 60. D) soared 61. C) symptoms

62. A) laid off

63. B) traced 64. D) proportion 65. B) burdened 66. A) performance 67. C) apply 68. D) affordable 69. B) treat 70. D) Inspired 完型

71. A) ago 72. C) idea 73. B) come 74. A) indoor 75. D) revealed 76. B) down 77. C) safe 78. A) reduced 79. D) destroy 80. B) however 81. C) completely 82.A)or 83. B) fact

84. D) developed 85. A) starts 86. D) inevitably 87. C) instead 88. D) adapting 89. B) beneficial 90. B) Total

2006年1月四级试题

Part 1

Listening Comprehension

(20 minutes)

Section A

B) Stay in bed for a few days.

C) Get treatment in a better hospital. D) Make a phone call to the doctor. 2. A) The 2:00 train will arrive earlier.

B) The 2:30 train has a dining car.

103

C) The woman prefers to take the 2:30 train.

D) they are gong to have some fast food on the train. 3. A) She has been longing to attend Harvard University.

B) She’ll consider the man’s suggestion carefully. C) She has finished her project with Dr. Garcia’s help.

D) She’ll consult Dr. Garcia about entering graduate school. 4. A) Alice didn’t seem to be nervous during her speech.

B) Alice needs more training in making public speeches. C) The man can hardly understand Alice’s presentation. D) The man didn’t think highly of Alice’s presentation. 5. A) It’s worse than 30 years ago.

B) It remains almost the same as before. C) There are more extremes in the weather.

D) There has been a significant rise in temperature. 6. A) At a publishing house.

B) At a bookstore. C) In a reading room

D) In Prof. Jordan’s office

7. A) The man can stay in her brother’s apartment.

B) Her brother can help the man find a cheaper hotel. C) Her brother can find an apartment for the man.

D) The man should have booked a less expensive hotel. 8. A) Priority should be given to listening.

B) It’s most helpful to read English newspapers every day. C) It’s more effective to combine listening with reading. D) Reading should come before listening. 9. A) It can help solve complex problems.

B) It will most likely prove ineffective C) It is a new weapon against terrorists. D) It will help detect all kinds of liars.

10. A) Help the company recruit graduate students.

B) Visit the electronics company next week.

C) Get a part-time job on campus before graduation. D) Apply for a job in the electronics company Section B

Directions: in this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B) C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

Passage One

Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard. 11. A) It ha been proven to be the best painkiller.

B) It is a possible cure for heart disease.

C) It can help lower high body temperature effectively. D) It reduces the chance of death for heart surgery patients. 12. A) It keeps blood vessels from being blocked.

104

B) It speeds up their recovery after surgery.

C) It in creases the blood flow to the heart. D) It adjusts their blood pressure.

13. A) It is harmful to heart surgery patients with stomach bleeding.

B) It should not be taken by heart surgery patients before the operation. C) It will have considerable side effects if taken in large doses.

D) It should not be given to patients immediately after the operation. Passage Two

Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard. 14. A) They strongly believe in family rules.

B) They are very likely to succeed in life.

C) They tend to take responsibility for themselves D) They are in the habit of obeying their parents. 15. A) They grow up to be funny and charming.

B) They often have a poor sense of direction. C) They get less attention from their parents. D) They tend to be smart and strong-willed. 16. A) They usually don’t follow family rules.

B) They don’t like to take chances in their lives. C) They are less likely to be successful in life. D) They tend to believe in their parent’s ideas. Passage Three

Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard. 17. A) They wanted to follow his example.

B) They fully supported his undertaking. C) They were puzzled by his decision.

D) They were afraid he wasn’t fully prepared. 18. A) It is more exciting than space travel.

B) It is much cheaper than space travel. C) It is much safer than space travel.

D) It is less time-consuming than space travel. 19. A) They both attract scientists’ attention

B) They can both be quite challenging C) They are both thought-provoking.

D) They may both lead to surprising findings.

20. A) To show how simple the mechanical aids for diving can be.

B) To provide an excuse for his changeable character. C) To explore the philosophical issues of space travel. D) To explain why he took up underwater exploration.

Part II Reading comprehension (35 minutes)

Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B, C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage One

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. Just five one-hundredths of an inch thick, light golden in color and with a perfect “saddle curl,” the Lay’s potato chip seems an unlikely weapon for global domination. But its maker, Frito-Lay, thinks otherwise.” Potato chips are a snack food for

the world,” said Salman Amin, the company’s head of global marketing. Amin believes there is no corner of the world that can resist the charms of a Frito-Lay potato chip. Frito-Lay is the biggest snack maker in America. owned by PepsiCo. And accounts for over half of the parent company’s $3 billion annual profits. But the U.S. snack food market is largely saturated, and to grow, the company has to look overseas. Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first, a global product offers economies of scale with which local brands cannot compete, and second, consumers in the 21st century are drawn to “global” as a concept. “Global” does not mean products that are consciously identified as American, but ones than consumers-especially young people-see as part of a modern, innovative (创新的) world in which people are linked across cultures by shared beliefs and tastes. Potato chips are an American invention, but most Chinese, for instance, do not know than Frito-Lay is an American company. Instead, Riskey, the company’s research and development head, would hope they associate the brand with the new world of global communications and business. With brand perception a crucial factor, Riskey ordered a redesign of the Frito-Lay logo (标识).The logo, along with the company’s long-held marketing image of the “irresistibility” of its chips. would help facilitate the company’s global expansion. The executives acknowledge that they try to swing national eating habits to a food created in America, but they deny that amounts to economic imperialism. Rater, they see Frito-Lay as spreading the benefits of free enterprise across the world. “We’re making products in those countries, we’re adapting them to the tastes of those countries, building businesses and employing people and changing lives,” said Steve Reinemund, PepsiCo’s chief executive. 21. It is the belief of Frito-Lay’s head of global marketing that_____.

A) Potato chips can hardly be used as a weapon to dominate the world market B) Their company must find new ways to promote domestic sales.

C) The light golden color enhances the charm of their company’s potato chips D) People all over the world enjoy eating their company’s potato chips 22. What do we learn about Frito-Lay from Paragraph 2?

A) Its products used to be popular among overseas consumers. B) Its expansion has caused fierce competition in the snack marker. C) It gives half of its annual profits to its parent company. D) It needs to turn to the word market for development.

23. One of the assumptions on which Frito-Lay bases its development strategy is that_____.

A) consumers worldwide today are attracted by global brands

B) local brands cannot compete successfully with American brands C) products suiting Chinese consumers’ needs bring more profits

D) products identified as American will have promising market value 24. Why did Riskey have the Frito-Lay logo redesigned?

A) To suit changing tastes of young consumers.

B) To promote the company's strategy of globalization. C) To change the company’s long-held marketing image. D) To compete with other American chip producers.

25. Frito-Lay's executives claim that the promoting of American food in the international market_____.

A) won't affect the eating habits of the local people B) will lead to economic imperialism

C) will be in the interest of the local people D) won’t spoil the taste of their chips Passage Two

Question 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

In communities north of Denver, residents are pitching in to help teachers and administrators as the Vrain School District tries to solve a $13.8 million budget shortage blamed on mismanagement. ”We’re worried about our teachers and principals, and we really don’t want to lose them because of this,” one parent sail. “If we can help ease their financial burden, we will. ”

105

Teachers are grateful, but know it may be years before the district is solvent (有偿付能力的). They feel really good about

the parent support, but they realize it’s impossible for them to solve this problem.

The 22,000-student district discovered the shortage last month. “It’s extraordinary. Nobody would have imagined something happening like this at this level,” said State Treasurer Mike Coffman.

Coffman and district officials last week agreed on a state emergency plan freeing up a $9.8 million loan that enabled the payroll (工资单) to be met for 2,700 teachers and staff in time for the holidays.

District officials also took $1.7 million from student-activity accounts in its 38schools.

At Coffman’s request, the District Attorney has begun investigating the district’s finances. Coffman says he wants to know whether district officials hid the budget shortage until after the November election, when voters approved a $212 million bond issue for schools.

In Frederick, students’ parents are buying classroom supplies and offering to pay for groceries and utilities to keep first-year teachers and principals in their jobs.

Some $36,000 has been raised in donations from Safeway. A Chevrolet dealership donated $10,000 and forgave the district’s $10,750 bill for renting the driver educating cars. IBM contributed 4,500 packs of paper.

“We employ thousands of people in this community,” said Mitch Carson, a hospital chief executive, who helped raise funds. “We have children in the schools, and we see how they could be affected.”

At Creek High School, three students started a website that displays newspaper articles, district information and an email forum (论坛).“Rumors about what’s happening to the district are moving at lighting speed,” said a student. “We wanted to know the truth, and spread that around instead.” 26. What has happened to the Vrain School District?

A) A huge financial problem has arisen. B) Many schools there are mismanaged.

C) Lots of teachers in the district are planning to quit. D) Many administrative personnel have been laid off.

27. How did the residents in the Vrain School District respond to the budget shortage?

A) They felt somewhat helpless about it. B) They accused those responsible for it. C) They pooled their efforts to help solve it. D) They demanded a through investigation.

28. In the view of State Treasurer Mike Coffman, the educational budget shortage is_________.

A) unavoidable B) unthinkable C) insolvable D) irreversible

29. Why did Coffman request an investigation?

A) To see if there was a deliberate cover-up of the problem. B) To find out the extent of the consequences of the case. C) To make sure that the school principals were innocent. D) To stop the voters approving the $212 million bond issue.

30. Three high school students started a website in order to__________.

A) attract greater public attention to their needs

B) appeal to the public for contributions and donations C) expose officials who neglected their duties D) keep people properly informed of the crisis Passage Three

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

“Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or exercise.” said Dr. Hans Selye, the first physician to document the effects of stress on the body. While here’s on question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you’re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you..

In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they couldn’t get the job done.

Stress that you can manage may also boost immune (免疫的) function. In a study at the Academic Center for Dentistry in Amsterdam, researchers put volunteers through two stressful experiences. In the first, a timed task that required memorizing a list followed by a short test, subjects believed they had control over the outcome. In the second, they weren’t in control: They had to sit through a gory (血淋淋的) video on surgical procedures. Those who did well on the memory test had an increase in levels of immunoglobulin A, an antibody that’s the body’s first line of defense against germs. The video-watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody.

Stress prompts the body to produce certain stress hormones. In short bursts these hormones have a positive effect, including improved memory function. “They can help nerve cells handle information and put it into storage,” says Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University in New York. But in the long run these hormones can have a harmful effect on the body and brain.

“Sustained stress is not good for you,” says Richard Morimoto, a researcher at Northwestern University in Illinois studying the effects of stress on longevity (长寿), “It’s the occasional burst of stress or brief exposure to stress that could be protective.”

31. The passage is mainly about______ A) the benefits of manageable stress B) how to avoid stressful situations C) how to cope with stress effectively D) the effects of stress hormones on memory

32. The word “shun”(Line 1,Para.1) most probably means________. A) cut down on B) stay away from C) run out of D) put up with

33. We can conclude from the study of the 158 nurses in 2001 that_______ A) people under stress tend to have a poor memory B) people who can’t get their job done experience more stress C) doing challenging work may be good for one’s health D) stress will weaken the body’s defense against germs

34. In the experiment described in Paragraph 3,the video-watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody because______. A) the video was not enjoyable at all B) the outcome was beyond their control C) they knew little about surgical procedures D) they felt no pressure while watching the video

35. Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University believes that______. A) a person’s memory is determined by the level of hormones in his body B) stress hormones have lasting positive effects on the brain C) short bursts of stress hormones enhance memory function D) a person’s memory improves with continued experience of stress. Passage Four

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.

If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own

106

children. But how you say it can be quite tricky.

If you say to your children “I’m sorry I got angry with you, but …” what follows that “but” can render the apology ineffective:” I had a bad day” or “your noise was giving me a headache ” leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology. Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say “I’m sorry you’re upset” ; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done. Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying “I’m useless as a parent” does not commit a person to any specific improvement. These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies. But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition (悔悟), children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other children’s expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parent’s clothes without permission is not. 36. If a mother adds ”but” to an apology,________. A) she doesn’t feel that she should have apologized. B) she does not realize that the child has been hurt C) the child may find the apology easier to accept D) the child may feel that he owes her an apology

37. According to the author, saying “I’m sorry you’re upset” most probably means”_______” A) You have good reason to get upset B) I’m aware you’re upset ,but I’m not to blame C) I apologize for hurting your feelings D) I’m at fault for making you upset

38. It is not advisable to use the general, all-covering apology because______. A) it gets one into the habit of making empty promises B) it may make the other person feel guilty

C)it is vague and ineffective D) it is hurtful and insulting

39. We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry______. A) the complexities involved should be ignored B) their ages should be taken into account C) parents need to set them a good example D) parents should be patient and tolerant

40. It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is _________. A) a social issue calling for immediate attention B) not necessary among family members C) a sign of social progress D) not as simple as it seems

Part III Vocabulary (20minutes)

Directions: there are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.\\

41. Some people believe that since oil is scarce, the ____of the motor industry is uncertain.

A) terminal B) benefit C) fate D) estimate

42. To speed up the ______of letters, the Post Office introduced automatic sorting.

A) treatment B) delivery C) transmission D) departure 43. These overseas students show great ______ for learning a new language.

A) enthusiasm B) authority C) convention D) faith

44. The defense lawyer was questioning the old man who was one of the ______of the murder committed last month.

A) observers B) witnesses C) audiences D) viewers

45. Politically these nations tend to be ______, with very high birth rates but poor education and very low levels of literacy.

A) unstable B) reluctant C) rational D) unsteady

46. The chairman was blamed for letting his secretary ________too much work last week.

A) take to B) take out C) take away D) take on 47. \"You try to get some sleep. I'll _____the patient's breakfast, \"said the nurse.

A) see to B) stick to C) get to D) lead to

48. The London Marathon is a difficult race.______, thousands of runners participate every year.

A) Therefore B) Furthermore C) Accordingly D) Nevertheless

49. The bank refused to ______him any money, so he had to postpone buying a house.

A) credit B) borrow C) loan D) lease

50. The more a nation's companies _______ factories abroad, the smaller that country's recorded exports will be.

A) lie B) spot C) stand D) locate 51. Being ignorant of the law is not accepted as a (n)______for breaking the law.

A) excuse B) intention C) option D) approval

52. Within two days, the army fired more than two hundred rockets and missiles at military _____in the coastal city.

A) goals B) aims C) targets D) destinations

53. It is said in some parts of the world, goats, rather than cows, serve as a vital _____of milk.

A) storage B) reserve C) resource D) source

54. \"This light is too______ for me to read by. Don’t we have a brighter bulb somewhere？\" said the elderly man.

A mild B) dim C) minute D) slight

55. We have arranged to go to the cinema on Friday, but we can be _____and go another day.

A) reliable B) probable C) feasible D) flexible

56. We are quite sure that we can ______our present difficulties and finish the task according to schedule.

A) get across B) get over C) get away D) get off 57. ______recent developments we do not think your scheme is practical.

A) In view of B) In case of C) In memory of D) in favor of

58. Jessica was ______from the warehouse to the accounting office, which was considered a promotion.

A) delivered B) exchanged C) transferred D) transformed

59. Mr. Smith asked his secretary to ____a new paragraph in the annual report she was typing.

A) inject B) install C) invade D) insert 60. There's the living room still to be _____,so that's my next project.

A) abandoned B) decorated C) dissolved D) assessed 61. The old paper mill has been ______to make way for a new shopping centre.

A) cut down B) kept down C) torn down D) held down

62. It may be necessary to stop ______ in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons.

A) at a distance B) at intervals C) at case D) at length

63. You can hire a bicycle in many places. Usually you'll have to pay a _________.

A) fare B) fund C) deposit D) deal

64. My grandfather had always taken a _______interest in my work, and I had an equal admiration for the stories of his time.

A) splendid B) weighty C) vague D) keen

65. ________quantities of water are being used nowadays with the rapid development of industry and agriculture.

A) Excessive B) Extensive C) Extreme D) exclusive 66. John cannot afford to go to university, _______ going abroad.

A) nothing but B) anything but C) not to speak of D) nothing to speak of

67. Most laboratory and field studies of human behavior ______taking a situational photograph at a given time and in a given

place.

A) involve B) compose C) enclose D) attach 68. If you don’t like to swim, you _____as well stay at home.

A) should B) may C) can D) would

69. Dr. Smith was always __ the poor and the sick, often providing them with free medical care.

A) reminded of B) absorbed in C) tended by D) concerned about

70. Thomas Jefferson and John Adams died on July 4,1826,the fiftieth ______of American Independence.

A) ceremony B) occasion C) occurrence D) anniversary

Part Ⅳ Cloze ( 15 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. As a physician who travels quite a lot, I spend a lot of time on planes listening for that dreaded “Is there a doctor on board?” announcement. I’ve been 71 only once – for a woman who had merely fainted. But the 72 made me quite curious about how 73 this kind of thing happens. I wondered what I would do if 74 with a real midair medical emergency-without access 75 a hospital staff and the usual emergency equipment. So 76 the New England Journal of Medicine last week 77 a study about in–flight medical events. I read it 78 interest. The study estimated that there are a(n) 79 of 30 in-flight medical emergencies on U.S. flights every day. Most of them are not 80 ; fainting and dizziness are the most frequent complaints. 81 13% of them –roughly four a day – are serious enough to 82 a pilot to change course. The most common of the serious emergencies 83 heart trouble, strokes, and difficulty breathing. Let’s face it: plane rides are 84 . For starters, cabin pressures at high altitudes are set at roughly 85 they would be if you lived at 5,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level. Most people can tolerate these pressures pretty 86 , but passengers with heart disease 87 experience chest pains as a result of the reduced amount of oxygen flowing through their blood. 88 common in-flight problem is deep venous thrombosis – the so-called economy class syndrome (综合症). 89 happens, don’t panic. Things are getting better on the in-flight-emergency front. Thanks to more recent legislation, flights with at 90 one attendant are starting to install emergency medical kits to treat heart attacks 71. A) called B) addressed C) informed D) surveyed 72. A) accident B) condition C) incident D) disaster 73. A) soon B) long C) many D) often 74. A) confronted B) treated C) identified D) provided 75. A) for B) to C) by D) through 76. A) before B) since C) when D) while 77. A) collected B) conducted C) discovered D) published 78. A) by B) of C) with D) in 79. A) amount B) average C) sum D) number 80. A) significant B) heavy C) common D) serious 81. A) For B) On C) But D) So 82. A) require B) inspire C) engage D) command

107

83. A) include 84. A) enjoyable 85. A) who 86. A) harshly 87. A) ought to 88. A) Any 89. A) Whatever 90. A) most

B) confine B) stimulating B) what B) reluctantly B) may B) One B) Whichever B) worst

C) imply C) tedious C) which C) easily C) used to C) Other C) Whenever C) least

D) contain D) stressful D) that D) casually D) need D) Another D) Wherever

D) best

Q: What does the man say about the weather?

6. M: Excuse me, I am looking for the textbook by Professor Jordon for the Marketing course.

W: I am afraid it’s out of stock. You’ll have to order it.

And it will take the publisher 3 weeks to send it to us. Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?

7. M: I am going to New York next week, but the hotel I booked is really expensive.

W: Why book a hotel? My brother has 2 spare rooms in his apartment. Q: What does the woman mean?

8. W: In my opinion, watching News on TV is a good way to learn English. What do you think?

M: It would be better if you could check the same information

in English newspapers afterwards.

Q: What does the man say about learning English?

9. M: I hear a newly-invented drug can make people tell the truth

and it may prove useful in questioning terrorists. Isn’t it incredible? W: Simple solutions to complex problems rarely succeed.

As far ad I know, no such drugs are ever known to work. Q: What does the woman think of the new day?

10. M: You know the electronics company is coming to our campus

to recruit graduate students next week.

W: Really? What day? I'd like to talk to them and hand in my resume. Q: What does the woman want to do? Section Two Passage one

A new study reports the common drug aspirin greatly reduces life threatening problems after an operation to replace blocked blood vessels to the heart more than 800,000 people around the world have this heart surgery each year. The doctors who carried out this study say giving aspirin to patients soon after the operation could save thousands of lives. People usually take aspirin to control pain and reduce high body temperature. Doctors also advise some people to take aspirin to help prevent heart attacks. About 10-15 percent of these heart operations end in death or damage to the heart or other organs. The new study shows that even a small amount of aspirin reduced such threats. The doctors said the chance of death for patients who tool aspirin would fall by 67%. They claimed this was true if the aspirin was given within 48 hours of the operation. The doctors believe aspirin helps heart surgery patients because it can prevent blood from thickening and blood vessels from being blocked. However, the doctors warned that people who have stomach bleeding or other bad reactions from aspirin should not take it after heart surgery.

Q11. What is the finding of the new study of aspirin?

Q12. In what way can aspirin help heart surgery patients according to the doctors? Q13. What warning did the doctors give about the use of aspirin? Passage Two

Were you the first or the last child in you family? Or were you a middle or an only child? Some people think it matters where you were born in you family. But there are different ideas about what birth order means. Some people say that oldest children are smart and strong-willed. They are very likely to be successful. The reason for this simple parents have a lot of time for their first child, they give him or her a lot of attention. So this child is very likely to do well. An only child will succeed for the same reason. What happens to the other children in the family? Middle children don’t get so much attention, so they don’t feel that important. If a family has many children, the middle one sometimes gets lost in the crowd. The youngest child, though, often gets special treatment. He or she is the baby. Often this child grows up to be funny and charming. Do you believe this idea of birth order too? A recent study saw things quite differently. The study found that first children believed in family rules. They didn’t take many chances in their lives. They usually followed orders. Rules didn’t mean as much to later children in the

108

Part V Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should the University Campus Be Open

to Tourists? You should write at Least 120 words following the outline given below : 1．名校校园正成为旅游新热点

2．校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同 3．我认为……

Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?

2006年1月四级试题详解

2006年1月参考答案

1.A 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.D 11.D 12.A 13.A 14. B 15.C 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.D 听力原文

Part I Listening Comprehension Section A

1. W: Carol told us on the phone not to worry about her.

Her left leg doesn’t hurt as much as it did yesterday. M: She’d better have it examined by a doctor anyway. And I will call her about it this evening. Q: What does the man think Carol should do?

2. M: There is a non-stop train for Washington and it leaves at 2:30.

W: It is faster than the 2 o’clock train. Besides, we can have something to eat before getting on the train.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 3. M: Hi, Melissa, how is your project going?

Have you thought about going to graduate school?

W: Everything is coming along really well. I have been thinking about graduate school. But I’ll talk to my tutor Doctor Garseer first and see what she thinks.

Q: What do you learn about the woman from the conversation? 4. W: Did you attend Alice’s presentation last night?

It was the first time for her to give a speech to a large audience.

M: How she could be so calm in front of so many people is really beyond me! Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

5. W: You’ve been doing weather reports for neatly 30 years.

Has the weather got any worse in all these years?

M: Well, not necessarily worse. But we are seeing more swings.

family. They went out and followed their own ideas. They took chances and they often did better in life.

Q14. According to common belief, in what way are the first child and the only child alike? Q15. What do people usually say about middle children?

Q16. what do we learn about later children in a family from a recent study of birth order? Passage Three

When my interest shifted from space to the sea, I never expected it would cause such confusion among my friends, yet I can understand their feelings. As I have been writing and talking about space flight for the best part of 20 years, a sudden switch of interest to the depth of the sea doer seem peculiar. To explain, I’d like to share my reasons behind this unusual change of mind. The first excuse I give is an economic one. Underwater exploration is so much cheaper than space flight. The first round-trip ticket to the moon is going to cost at least 10 billion dollars if you include research and development. By the end of this century, the cost will be down to a few million. On the other hand, the diving suit and a set of basic tools needed for skin-diving can be bought for 20 dollars. My second argument is more philosophical. The ocean, surprisingly enough, has many things in common with space. In their different ways, both sea and space are equally hostile. If we wish to survive in either for any length of time, we need to have mechanical aids. The diving suit helped the design of the space suit. The feeling and the emotions of a man beneath the sea will be much like those of a man beyond the atmosphere.

Q17. How did the speaker’s friends respond to his change of interest?

Q18. What is one of the reasons for the spears to switch his interest to underwater exploration? Q19. In what way does the speaker think diving is similar to space travel? Q20. What is the speaker’s purpose in giving this talk?

21.D 22.D 23.A 24. B 25.C 26.A 27.C 28.B 29.A 30.D 31.A 32.B 33.C 34. B 35.C 36.D 37.B 38.C 39.B 40.D 41.C 42.B 43.A 44. B 45.A 46.D 47.A 48.D 49.C 50.D 51.A 52.C 53.D 54. B 55.D 56.B 57.A 58.C 59.D 60.B 61.C 62.B 63.C 64. D 65.B 66.C 67.A 68.B 69.D 70.D 71.A 72.A 73.D 74. A 75.B 76.C 77.D 78.C 79.B 80.D 81.C 82.A 83.A 84. D 85.B 86.C 87.B 88.D 89.A 90.C

109

因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容

查看全文