The Temptation of a Respectable Woman
Period：2 periods Teaching Objectives: 1. 2. 3.
Words, Phrases and Expressions of the Text ( stress on the word-formation, and the usage of the phrases and the expressions).
Sentence Structure ( the usage of “might have done or could have done”; and “So +Subject +V or So + V +Subject”).
Text Structure (story-writing in chronological order).
Teaching Procedure:
A. Pre-reading Activity (10minutes)
What does it mean by the word “temptation” and “respectable”? What does it mean by the title “The Temptation of a Respectable Woman”? (Group work) B. While-reading Activity
1. Ask students some sign post questions to each paragraph to see how well the students
understand each paragraph. (Some of the questions are on P.8 Comprehension of the text) 2. Language Points: (refer to teachers’ book)
1). Mrs. Baroda was a little annoyed to learn…
Please note that “ annoyed: is modified by “ a little”. “ annoyed” can also be modified by other adverbs, like “ somewhat/ very/ a bit/ pretty/ much/rather/ quite”, etc.
e.g. I was a bit annoyed, for I forgot to put your name on .
2). … she could understand him no better than at first.
Here “ no” mans “not at all”, and can be used as an adverb before comparatives.
e.g. The exam is no more difficult than the tests you’ve been doing in class. 3). … she imposed her company upon him,…
impose one’s company/oneself/upon/on sb.; force one’s company or oneself on sb. e.g. Don’t impose your company/yourself on people who don’t like you. 4) “ You are full of surprises,” he said to her.
Be full of surprises: do unexpected things
e.g. She’s always full of surprises.
6). … the last thing he would desire or expect.
The last thing: ( 1). sth. that is desired in the least
e.g. The last thing he needed right then was more bad news about his son. (2) sth. that is taken as the last one
e.g. My feeling was that if this was the last thing I was going to do, I wanted to be of some value.
7). But the poor fellow is run down by too much work now.
Run down: (cause to) decline in physical condition; weaken or exhaust in mind or vigor e.g. His health ran down to a dangerous level.
…made some routine observations upon the unhealthy effect…
8). …. A meaningless succession of verbs nouns, adverbs and adjectives…
a succession of: a number of people or things following each other closely
e.g. The reason is that a succession of statistics suggest a rapidly weakening economy. 9). She wanted reach out her hand in the darkness and touch him ___ which she might
have done if she had not been a respectable woman.
Note the structure “might have done: is used to say that if a particular thing had
happened, then there was a possibility of something else happening. The structure “could have done” can also be used in this way.
e.g. She said it might have been all right, if the weather had been good.
He could have got tickets if he had arrived there earlier. 10). But she did not yield to the temptation.
Yield to: give in to; decide to do sth. because one cannot resist the temptation.
e.g. Plenty of mysteries have lasted for centuries and finally yielded to explanation. 11). … she was also a very sensible one.
sensible: reasonable, practical and able to judge things well
e.g. I think it’s a very sensible suggestion.
Compare: sensitive: (of people) easily upset, esp. by things that are said or done; (of things) causing people to be upset or producing a difficult or embarrassing situation e.g. Her reply showed that she was very sensitive to criticism. 12). …truly he did not deserve it.
Deserve:(not used in the progressive tenses) if sb,/sth. deserves sth., it is right that they should have it, because of the way they have behaved or because of what they are
e.g. The report deserves careful consideration.
One player in particular deserves a mention.
He deserves to be locked up forever for what he did.
C. Post-reading Activity
1. Ask students to sum up the main idea of the text and to analyze the writing techniques of the text.
Text Structure Analysis
Writing in chronological order is common in narrative, where events are presented according to time sequence. This kind of writing is much used in telling stories, in brief biographical and autobiographical sketches. This reading passage is made up of several episodes arranged according to time sequence even though the author employs many different writing techniques, especially cause-and-effect in developing the episodes. Look at the following chart and you will find that the story is structured according to time sequence as a whole. 1. The first part o f the passage is Paragraph 1, which is the general situation of the story and also the starting point of the story. Mrs. Baroda was a little annoyed that her husband’s friend, Gouvernail, was to spend a week or two on their plantation. 2. The second part consists of 9 paragraphs, from Paragraph 2 to Paragraph 10, telling us what happened and informing us about Mrs. Baroda's impressions of her guest — Gouvernail. The descriptions are presented in chronological order. Paragraph 2 deals with Mrs. Baroda’s impression of her guest — she was feeling puzzled, not being able to penetrate her silent guest. Paragraphs 3 to 10 are about a conversation between Mr. and Mrs. Baroda concerning their guest — Gouvernail. Mrs. Baroda was troubled to find Gouvernail a terrible nuisance — not a man of wit, but a dull man difficult to understand. Time markers: after a few days, then, one day, in the morning, until, etc. 3. The third part is made up of 9 paragraphs,
from Paragraph 11 to Paragraph 19, concentrating on what happened “that night”. The author uses a succession of verbs and adverbs to describe what happened that night in chronological order. In this part, the author also describes some sort of emotional change in Mrs. Baroda but all this came along with a succession of actions. Time markers: that night, the next morning, then, when, etc. 4. The fourth part is Paragraph 20 only. Paragraph 20 is about what happened the day after “that night”. The next morning, Mrs. Baroda took an early train without even saying farewell. She did not return until Gouvernail was gone. Time markers: the next morning, not return until 5. The fifth part is Paragraph 21. Paragraph 21 describes what happened during the time after “that night”. During the summer that followed, Mr. Baroda greatly desired that his friend should come to visit them again but this was vigorously opposed by Mrs. Baroda. Time marker: during the summer that followed 6. The sixth part consists of Paragraph 22 to Paragraph 24, which is the continuing part of the story, still, according to time sequence. Before the year ended, Mrs. Baroda proposed to have Gouvernail visit them again as she had overcome everything. Time marker: before the year ended
2.Homework: Learn the words and phrases by heart and next week there will be a dictation; Do all the exercises on the book with translation done on the exercise book.
(2)
Period：2 periods
Teaching Material：New Horizon College English Teaching Procedure:
1. Dictation of the words and phrases
2. comment on and appraise the exercises.
3. Reading Skills (Section B) The Obligations and Responsibilities to Marriage
Reading between the lines: using context clues, common sense and your knowledge of the world to guess the possible answers to the questions between the paragraphs.
1) Introduction of the skill (P. 16) 2) Reading the samples ( P. 16) 3) Practice the skill and (P.17) 4) Doing the exercise on it (P.23)
Note: There are three levels among the students. The students are given the tasks in terms of their levels.
Unit 2, book 4
Charlie Chaplin (Section A )
Period：2 periods
Teaching Objectives：The students will be able to: Teaching Objectives
1. 2.
Words, Phrases and Expressions of the Text ( stress on the word-formation, and the usage of the phrases and the expressions).
Sentence Structure ( a: inversion of the sentence; b: It is + adj. to do…).
3. Text Structure (a central topic/idea supported by different aspects/details). Teaching Procedure:
A. Pre-reading Activity (10minutes) What do you know about Charlie Chaplin?
What do you want to know about Charlie Chaplin? (Pair work) B. While-reading Activity
1 Ask students some sign post questions to each paragraph to see how well the students
understand each paragraph and train Ss skimming ability. (Some of the questions are on P.37 Comprehension of the text)
2 Language Points: (refer to teachers’ book)
1). cut down: reduce the size of (sth. such as clothing, writing, etc.) e.g.
I could cut your father's trousers down for the boy. Your article will have to be cut down to fit into the book.
They've cut her hours down at work so she doesn't have much money. If an article is too long for the space allocated, you have to cut it down. 2). . for good: permanently; forever e.g.
This time she's leaving for good. 这一次她将是永远地离开了。
I'd like an excuse to get rid of him for good. 我需要一个借口将他永久开除。 A few shots of this drug cleared up the disease for good. 3). revolt: v.
1) (against) take violent action against the people in power e.g.
Finally the people revolted against the military dictatorship.
The people revolted against their oppressors. 人民反抗其压迫者。
2) reject the authority of a person or reject sth.; make (sb.) feel unpleasantly shocked or disgusted e.g.
She revolted against her ballet training at sixteen. 她16岁的时候开始拒绝练芭蕾。
4). trip (up): catch sb.'s foot and make him fall or almost fall; make a mistake; deliberately make sb. do this e.g.
As I passed, he stuck out a leg and tried to trip me up. 5). coarse: a. rude and offensive, esp. about sex
coarse manners 粗鲁的举止
coarse language 粗俗的语言 coarse speech 粗俗的讲话
a jacket made of very coarse cloth 用粗布做的夹克 a beach of coarse sand 粗沙的海滩
6). postpone: v. delay (an event), esp. arranging for it to take place at a later date or time e.g.
The trial has been postponed indefinitely. 审判无限期地延期了。
About 1,000 operations had been postponed and even cancer patients were being delayed.大约1, 000个左右的手术延期了，甚至连癌症患者的手术也推迟了。
House purchase is the biggest decision that most people make and the easiest one to postpone. 7). come / go down in the world: have less money and a worse social position than one had before e.g.
He has really come down in the world. 他真的过着穷困潦倒的生活。 8). rouse: v.—raise; arise; rise; 9). in advance: beforehand, earlier
e.g.
They had to pay the rent two weeks in advance.他们必须预付两周房租。 If you're going to come, please let me know in advance. 10). execute: v. e.g.
1) do a piece of work, perform a duty, put a plan into action, etc.
The crime was very cleverly executed. 此次犯罪实施得非常巧妙。
In March 1676, the King commanded them to execute the laws with renewed vigour. 1676年3月，国王命令他们以全新的热情来执行这个法律。
Check that the computer has executed your commands.
11). incident: n. sth. that happens, esp. sth. unusual or unpleasant; a serious or violent event, such as a crime, an accident or an attack
His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident. 他的不良行为只是一次孤立的事件。
She was brought here several days ago following a mysterious incident at her home. 她是几天前家里发生了神秘事件以后被带到这里来的。
Police are treating the incident as murder. 警方将这一事件作为谋杀案来处理。 accident?
C. Post-reading Activity
1. Ask students to sum up the main idea of the text and to analyze the writing techniques of the text.
Text Structure Analysis
In this reading passage the author introduces us a famous figure — Charlie Chaplin from different aspects: the introduction, his professional success, his emotional life and the end of his life story. Look at the following chart and you will find:
1. The first part of the passage is made up of Paragraphs 1 and 2, which is the general
introduction to Charlie Chaplin.
2. The second part consists of 4 paragraphs, from Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6. This part is about
Charlie Chaplin’s professional success. The 4 paragraphs deal with Chaplin’s success from his
famous comedy The Tramp, to sound movies and his secrets in making successful comedies. 3. The third part is made up of 2 paragraphs, which are about his personal or emotional life.
Chaplin’s emotional collision resulted in personal disaster in his early marriages but in his later years he found stability and affection in Oona O’Neill Chaplin, who gave him the love he needed. 4. The last part is Paragraph 9. After his death, his dead body was once stolen and the incident is
taken as a memorial to the great comic of world fame.
2.Homework: Learn the words and phrases by heart and next week there will be a dictation; Do all the exercises on the book with translation done on the exercise book.
(2)
Period：2 periods
Teaching Material：New Horizon College English Teaching Procedure:
1 Dictation of the words and phrases
2 comment on and appraise the exercises.
3 Reading Skills: The Political Career of a Female Politician ( section B)
Reading skills: Mixture of Fact and Opinion
developing the ability to read in a critical way involves the ability to distinguish between facts on the one hand and the writer’s opinions or interpretations on the other.
a) Introduction of the skill (p 45) b) Reading the samples ( P. 46-48) Doing the exercise on it (p 52-53)
Unit 3, book4
Longing for a New Welfare System
Period：2 periods
Teaching objectives: Students should be able to
1. master new words, phrases and expressions used in the text. (Put the stress on the word
building, collocation and the usage of the phrases and expressions) 2. understand the text correctly and grasp the main idea
3. learn about the sentence structure and the text structure
4. conduct a series of reading, listening ,speaking, translating and writing activities concerning the theme of the text Teaching Procedure
A. Pre-reading Activity (10minutes)
1. Who are the main characters in the text? (Pair work )
(John Callahan: welfare client; Suzanne: social worker/caseworker)
2. From the title, “Longing for a New Welfare System” can you predict what the author will talk
about?
1). Problems of the present welfare system; 2)new system 3. Which part does the author give more space? (first one) 4. Background information of the text Social welfare：
Public assistance programs, commonly called “welfare”, provide cash or in-kind benefits for particular categories of the financially needy. The U.S. welfare system operates on both the federal and state levels. The federal welfare program is known as Social Security that provides benefits or assistance for childcare, disability, food and medical assistance (also known as Medicaid ). The state welfare programs, on the other hand, provide assistance to both individuals and local communities with state schooling and social insurance. U.S. welfare programs grew significantly in the decades following World War II, but increases in welfare costs during the 1960s and 1970s brought into question the extent and quality of public assistance. In the early 1980s the Reagan Administration reduced welfare expenditures and suggested turning responsibility for welfare funding over to the states. The cuts in federal funding that took effect during the Reagan Administration did in fact effectively place the responsibility for maintaining funding levels on the states — and, in some cases, on the larger cities. The result has been a widening of the already existing disparities in social services spending between states, and between cities and regions within a state.
Social welfare is an integrated part of a country's social policy. The website offers definitions of such concepts as welfare and welfare state and discussions on welfare systems of other countries (in addition to the U.S.).
B. While-reading Activity
1 Ask students some sign post questions to each paragraph to see how well the students
understand each paragraph and train Ss skimming ability. (Some of the questions are on P.66 Comprehension of the text)
2 Language Points:
A welfare client is supposed to cheat. (Para.1)
Meaning: People believe that a welfare client cheats / is cheating. be supposed to:
1) be generally believed or expected to be or do
I haven't seen it myself, but it's supposed to be a great movie. 我还没有看过这部影片，但据说它挺不错的。
She's supposed to have had five hundred pairs of shoes. 据说她有500双鞋。
2) be expected or required to do or be sth. according to a rule, a custom, an arrangement, etc.
You're supposed to buy a ticket, though not many people do. 尽管没有多少人买票，但你应该买。
You're supposed to ask the teacher if you want to leave the room. 如果你要离开教室，得跟老师说。
Faced with sharing a dinner of raw pet food with the cat, many people in wheelchairs I know bleed the system for a few extra dollars. (Para.1)
Meaning: In the face of sharing uncooked pet food with the cat, many of my wheel-chaired acquaintances have to lie about their circumstances, thus getting a little extra money from welfare givers.
face with：meet (sth. bad or difficult)
Faced with the evidence, he had to confess. 面对证据，他不得不坦白。
„bleed the system for a few extra dollars…(Para.1) Meaning: force the system to pay a few extra dollars
I have opted to live a life of complete honesty. So instead, I go out and drum up some business and draw cartoons. (Para. 2)
Meaning: I have chosen to live a completely honest life. So I don't lie to get some extra welfare money, but I go out and try hard to get some business and draw cartoons.
opt to do sth.: choose to do sth.; decide to do sth. in preference to anything else
When he left school, he opted to go to college and study for a degree, rather than getting a job straight away. 毕业后他选择上大学读学位，而不是直接工作。
„drum up some business … (Para.2)
drum up: try hard to get support, customers, business, etc.
He had flown to the north of the country to drum up support for the campaign. 他飞到 该国北方去为竞选争取支持。
The department store is offering big discounts to drum up business. 这家百货商店正提供很大的
折扣来招揽生意。
Oh, I'm tempted to get paid under the table. (Para. 2)
Meaning: I feel a desire to make money secretly /to be paid without being known to others.
under the table: in a secret way
They were charged with taking money under the table. 他们被指控私下拿钱。
Capitals will be the major consideration under table.资金将是需私下考虑的主要内容。
Note: This expression is used mainly in American English; the usual British expression is \"under the counter\".
But even if I yielded to that temptation, big magazines are not going to get involved in some sticky situation. (Para.2)
Meaning: But even if I couldn't resist / gave in to that temptation and wanted to be paid without being known to caseworkers, big magazines I am working for won't agree to get themselves into trouble by telling lies for my sake.
yield to:
1) stop resisting (sth.)
I yielded to an impulse. 我听凭一时的冲动行事了。
The government refused to yield to the hostage takers' demand. 政府拒绝答应人质挟持者的要求。
2) (formal) be replaced by sth.
Old-fashioned methods yielded to new technology. 老式的方法已被新技术所取代。 Radio has long been under pressure to yield to television. 收音机长期处于被电视机 取代的压力之中。
Very high-profile. (Para.2)
Meaning: The big magazines appear to be open and above-board as they honestly report to the welfare caseworkers the amount of money I make. Please note the sarcastic tone of the writer.
When we refer to somebody as a high-profile person or something as a high-profile event, we mean they attract a lot of attention or publicity
Deep down, caseworkers know that they are being made fools of by many of their clients, and they feel they are entitled to have clients bow to them as compensation. (Para.3)
Meaning: In their true feelings, caseworkers know that their clients are fooling them for extra money, and, in return, they feel they have the right to get these welfare beneficiaries to behave humbly.
deep down: in sb.'s true feeling; in fact rather than by appear under the table
Deep down (inside you), I know you love me really. 在你心底里，我知道你是真心爱我的。 He knew, deep down, that he would have to admit his guilt. 他心里明白他将不得不认罪。
„ they are being made fools of by many of their clients … (Para. 3) make a fool of sb.: trick sb. into behaving foolishly He'd been made a fool of. 他被人骗了。
Your brother is making a fool of you. 你兄弟在愚弄你。
Compare:
make a fool of oneself: behave in a way that makes other people think that one is silly or lacking in good judgment
He was drinking and making a fool of himself. 他喝酒时，出尽了洋相。
„feel they are entitled to have clients … (Para.3)
be entitled to: have the right to have or do sth.
You will be entitled to your pension when you reach 65. 你到65岁时，可以享受养 老金。
Everyone's entitled to his or her own opinion. 每个人都有权发表自己的意见。 She read a poem entitled \"The Apple Tree\". 她读了一首名为《苹果树》的诗歌。
I'm not being bitter. (Para. 3)
Meaning: I am not feeling angry deliberately / on purpose.
The structure “be being + adjective / noun” is used to talk about action and behavior. You're being stupid. (= You're doing stupid things.)
I was being very careful. (= I was doing something very carefully.) We do not use this structure to talk about feelings. For example：
I'm happy just now. (Not I'm being happy just now.)
I was very depressed when you phoned. (Not I was being depressed…)
„ a detective in shorts. (Para. 3)
shorts: n. trousers that end above the knees or reach the knees, which is often
worn by children or by adults in hot weather, and when relaxing or playing sports tennis shorts 网球短裤
She put on a pair of shorts and a T-shirt.她穿上运动短裤和T恤衫。
„saw some new posters pasted on the wall. (Para.4) see sth. done Compare:
see sb. do(doing) sth.
This was my cue to beg. (Para.7)
Meaning: This remark was a signal made by Suzanne for me to ask for forgiveness.
„I talked back. (Para.7)
talk back: answer sb. rudely, esp. sb. in authority Don't talk back. It's rude. 别顶嘴，不礼貌。
Children who talk back are regarded as cheeky and disrespectful. 顶嘴的孩子被认为 是又厚脸皮又不懂礼貌。
Suzanne tries to lecture me about repairs…(Para.9)
lecture: v.
criticize sb. or tell them how one thinks they should behave, esp. when it is done in an annoying way
Don't start lecturing me! 别开始教训我！
He's always lecturing me about the way I dress. 他老说我穿着不得体。 n. a long angry talk that sb. gives to one person or a group of people when they have done sth. wrong
I know I should stop smoking — don't give me a lecture about it. 我知道我应该戒 烟——别跟我长篇大论。
„which is always breaking down…(Para.9)
break down: (of a machine or vehicle) stop working because of a fault The telephone system has broken down. 电话线路出故障了。
The car broke down on the way to the airport, and I had to get a taxi. 轿车在去飞机 场的途中抛锚了，我只好叫了一辆出租车。
„ I've heard that you put a lot more miles on that wheelchair than average. (Para.9) Meaning: I've heard that you use your wheelchair more often than the average clients do. No wonder that's why your wheelchair is always breaking down.
I'm an active worker, not a vegetable. (Para.10) vegetable: n.
1) (figurative) a person who is physically alive but not capable of much mental or physical activity, for example because of an accident or illness (This usage can be offensive.) Severe brain damage turned him into a vegetable. 严重的大脑损伤使他变成了植物人。 2) a person who has a boring life
Since losing my job I've felt like a vegetable. 丢了工作后，我觉得人都变呆了。
„so I can get around in a wheelchair. (Para.10)
get around: (BrE also get about) move from place to place or from person to person She gets around with the help of a stick. 她拄着拐杖，四处走动。 Bad news gets around quickly. 坏消息传播得很快。
Government cuts in welfare have resulted in hunger and suffering… (Para.11) result in: make sth. happen
The cyclone has resulted in many thousands of deaths. 这场龙卷风使几千人丧生。 These policies resulted in many elderly and disabled people suffering hardship. 这些 政策导致许多老年人和残疾人生活艰难。
She looked into every corner in search of unreported appliances, … (Para.13) look into: examine
Police are looking into the disappearance of two children. 警察正在调查两名儿童失踪的事情。
in search of: looking for
Many of the refugees are traveling to the north of the region in search of food and shelter. 许多难民正奔向该地区北部，寻找食物和庇护所。
but there was always a thick pile of forms to fill out at the end of each visit, accounting for every penny. (Para.13)
Meaning: … but I had to fill out a lot of forms at the end of each visit, explaining how I spent the money I had got from the welfare system.
fill out: (also fill in) complete (a form, etc.) by writing information
The policeman filled out a parking ticket. 警察填好一张违章停车罚款单。
account for: be or give a reason for (sth. or doing sth.)
He accounted for the missing items as lost but found them later. 他解释说那些不见了的东西丢失了，但后来又找到了。
I find it very difficult to account for the fact that two of our best students failed the exam. 我觉得很难解释为什么两名最好的学生考试不及格。
„building up my market. (Para.14)
build up: create or develop
She's built up a very successful business. 她建立起一家成功的企业。
We've built up good relationships with our clients. 我们与客户建立了良好的关系。
It's impossible to jump off welfare… (Para. 14)
Meaning: It is not possible to shift away from welfare and depend on oneself all of a sudden.
„not have to go through an embarrassing situation… (Para.14)
go through: experience or suffer
He would go through fire and water for his country.为了国家他赴汤蹈火也在所不惜。 He has already gone through many sufferings. 他已经受了许多苦难。
There needs to be a lawyer who can act as a champion for the rights of welfare clients, because the system so easily lends itself to abuse by the welfare givers as well as by the clients. (Para.15) Meaning: Welfare clients need a lawyer who can enthusiastically support, defend and fight for their rights, as the system can be so easily abused by both parties — the welfare givers and the clients.
There needs to be a lawyer who can act as a champion for the rights of welfare clients, … (Para.15)
Notice the word “there” is followed by the verb “needs”. Some other verbs can also be used in this way. For example: There seems to be some problems.
Could you be quiet? There happens to be a lecture going on.
There tends to be jealousy when a new little brother or sister comes along. In a small town in Germany there once lived a poor shoemaker.
There remains nothing more to be done.
Suddenly there entered a strange figure dressed all in black. There followed an uncomfortable silence.
With some verbs (e.g. say, think, feel, report, understand, presume), the passive structure is possible with “there”.
There are thought to be more than 3, 000 different languages in the world.
There was said to be disagreement between the Prime Minister and the Home Secretary.
„ so easily lends itself to abuse … (Para.15)
lend oneself to: be easily used for a particular activity or result Her voice doesn't really lend itself well to blues singing. 她的嗓音不太适合唱蓝调歌曲。
Some problems do not lend themselves to financial solutions. 有些问题不适合用钱来解决。
sit on: be an official member of a group of people that represent or control an organization She sat on the company's board for five years. 她在公司的董事会当了5年董事。 He sits on a number of committees. 他是好几个委员会的委员。
How many people sit on the commission? 这个委员会有多少委员？
„ one step at a time? (Para.16)
one / a step at a time: going slowly
Let's take things a / one step at a time. 让我们一步一步地做这些事。 One step at a time, you'll finally go through the whole thing. 慢慢来，你会做完整件事的。
Someday people like me will thrive under a new system that will encourage them, not seek to convict them of cheating. (Para.17)
Meaning: One day in the future, disabled people like me living on welfare will do well and get successful if the old system is transformed into a new one that encourages its clients instead of seeking to prove them to be cheating.
„ not seek to convict them of cheating. (Para.17) convict sb. of
He was convicted of fraud / robbery / theft. 他被判犯有诈骗罪/抢劫罪/盗窃 n. a person who has been found guilty of a crime and sent to prison an escaped convict 一名逃犯 Compare:
accuse, charge
If you accuse somebody of doing something wrong, you say that they did it. For example, somebody can be accused of being dishonest, or of having a fault like laziness. If somebody has done something against the law, they can be accused of a crime and put on trial in a court of law. When the police charge somebody or charge him or her with committing a crime, they formally accuse them of it. The police charge a person with a crime when they have evidence that the
person was responsible for it. You can also charge somebody with things like not doing their duty or lying. You do not use charge\" when referring to minor faults. Understanding Figurative Language
In Unit 5, Book 2, we mentioned many different ways of using figurative language.
a) Similes (明喻, 直喻). These are figurative expressions that directly compare one thing to another by using the words as or like.
b) Metaphors (暗喻), in which comparisons are only implied, without using as, like and the like. c) Personification (拟人), figurative expressions which compare non-human things to humans. Of course, there are many more figures of speech than has been mentioned.
Here are some tips for you to recognize figurative ways of saying things:
1. Make sure that you are aware that the writer is making a comparison.
2. Keep clearly in your mind just what is being compared to what. Don't lose the basic point by getting confused about the comparison and forgetting what the writer is explaining in the first place.
3. Look for such words as like and as, which often introduce comparison. 4. Try to figure out why the writer has made the comparison.
Now here are some examples from Reading Passage A to help you understand figurative language. Example 1
Oh, I'm tempted to get paid under the table. (Para. 2, Reading Passage A, Unit 3) Explanation: under the table — without others knowing that I'm being paid. Example 2
But even if I yielded to that temptation, big magazines are not going to get involved in some sticky situation. (Para. 2, Reading Passage A, Unit 3)
Explanation: sticky situation — situation that one can not get rid of or get out of Example 3
But after a few years in a system that practically requires people to lie, they become like the one I shall call “Suzanne”, a detective in shorts. (Para. 3, Reading Passage A, Unit 3)
Explanation: a detective in shorts — the caseworker is being compared to a detective who wears shorts like a sportsman, chased the clients and tried to find out faults with the clients. Example 4
Friends and family. (Para. 9, Passage A, Unit 3)
Explanation: Friends and family are clearly not parallel to each other. Here “family” is a substitution of whole for parts. The “family” here means members of the family. Example 5
I've heard that you put a lot more miles on that wheelchair than average. (Para. 13, Passage A, Unit 3)
Explanation: “Put a lot more miles on” is clearly providing an image that the wheelchair is used too often or even overused. Example 6
I'm an active worker, not a vegetable. (Para. 14, Passage A, Unit 3)
Explanation: “A vegetable” here is a comparison to someone who cannot move and has no feelings.
Example 7
She looked into every corner in search of unreported appliances, or maids, or a roast pig in the oven, or a new helicopter parked out back. (Para. 17, Passage A, Unit 3)
Explanation: Here we feel the force of exaggeration and ironic tone to the effect that the client disliked the caseworker's “visits”. Of course nobody would actually have a new helicopter in their backyard.
C. Post-reading Activity
1.Ask students to sum up the main idea of the text and to analyze the writing techniques of the text. Analyze the structure of the text
The reading passage explores the problems of the present welfare system and expresses the desire to have a new system. The passages can be broadly divided into three parts: how people behave under the present welfare system and what the problems are with it and what should be required of the new system. Look at the following chart and you will find:
The first part of the passage is made up of 3 paragraphs: from Paragraph 1 to Paragraph 3, focusing on how the people concerned behave under the present welfare system.
Paragraph 1 is about the welfare clients: they are always cheating more out of the welfare. Paragraph 2 tells us, with one example offered, that there are welfare clients who choose to live a life of complete honesty, telling welfare caseworkers how much they make. Paragraph 3 is about the relationship between welfare clients and welfare caseworkers: Welfare clients have to bow to caseworkers respectfully, and the latter feel they deserve it. Welfare caseworkers, under the present welfare system, become detectives.
The second part of the passage consists of 11 paragraphs, from Paragraph 4 to Paragraph 14. This part deals with the problems of the present welfare system: welfare caseworkers, like detectives, trying to find anything unreported, welfare clients’ difficulties in obtaining help, the embarrassing situation for welfare clients when trying to make money and lastly the problem of the welfare system and the legal system.
Paragraphs 4 to 8 are about welfare caseworkers like detectives trying to convict welfare clients of cheating, with one example offered. From Paragraphs 9 to 12 we learn how extremely difficult it is for welfare clients to have their wheelchairs repaired, with one example offered, too. Paragraph 13 describes the welfare clients’ embarrassing situation of being questioned to account for every penny when making money out of their own abilities. Paragraph 14 indicates the problem with the welfare system that the law does not encourage clients to work part time and make a gradual shift away from welfare.
The third part of the passage has 3 paragraphs, from Paragraph 15 to Paragraph 17, dealing with what should be done with the present welfare system.
Paragraph 15 demands that welfare clients should have lawyers to protect their rights. Paragraph 16 suggests that the welfare system should help those who want to earn part or all of their own livings. And Paragraph 17 expresses a desire for a new system that will encourage welfare clients to develop their talents without feeling guilty or fearful, a new system that will not
seek to convict welfare clients of cheating.
2.Homework: Learn the words and phrases by heart and next week there will be a dictation; Do all the exercises on the book with translation done on the exercise book.
(2)
Period：2 periods
Teaching Material：New Horizon College English Teaching Procedure:
1. Dictation of the words and phrases
2. Comment on and appraise the exercises.
3.Teach students the way to translate sentences and compare their version with that of the text in order that they can gain a better understanding of its nature.
Unit 4, book 4
Unit 4 The Telecommunications Revolution
Period：2 periods
Teaching Material：New Horizon College English Teaching Objectives: The students will be able to:
A: learn to use some important words such as: condense, recession, revenue, desperate, promote etc.
B: learn to use “rather than” and “twice as…as, three times as…as”; C: master the prefix “super-, auto-”
Teaching Procedure:
A. Pre-reading Activity (10minutes)
Students listening to a short passage and answering the following questions
B. While-reading Activity
1. Ask students some sign post questions to each paragraph to see how well the students
understand each paragraph and train Ss skimming ability. (Some of the questions are on 95
Comprehension of the text) 3. Language Points:
boost living standards… (Para.1) boost: v.
1) make sth. increase, or become better or more successful
There is nothing like winning to boost the morale of players. 没有什么比获胜更能提高运动员的士气。
Getting that job did a lot to boost his ego. 得到那份工作大大增强了他的自信。
2) praise and publicize to make sth. more popular
Her books have been boosted in The Observer recently. 她的书近来得到了《观察者》杂志的推介。
n.
1) sth. that helps or encourages sb. or sth. else
The tax cuts will give a much needed boost to the economy. 减税将使经济得到急需的增长。 Winning the competition was a wonderful boost for her morale.竞赛获奖对她的士气而言是极好的鼓励。
2) (esp. AmE) an act of pushing sb. up from behind
He gave her a boost over the fence. 他从身后把她推过栏杆。
as a way to leap over whole stages of economic development. (Para. 2)
Note the difference between economic and economical. Both words are adjectives. Economic describes things relating to the economy of a country and economics. When economic has this meaning, it always comes before a noun. If an activity is economic, it makes a profit or saves money.
When economic has this meaning, it can either be in front of a noun or after a verb. For example: Economic conditions are more favorable. 经济形势更加有利。
Have you ever read something about the economic theories of Ricardo? 你读过李嘉图的一些经济理论吗？
It is not always practical or economic to recover energy from organic matter. 从有机物质中提取能量并非总是很实用或经济的。
Something that is economical does not cost a lot of money to operate or use. If a person is economical, they are careful not to waste money, effort or time. For example:
This system was extremely economical because it ran on half-price electricity. 这个系统非常省钱，因为它用的是半价的电。
People are having to be as economical as possible. 人们只好尽可能地节省。 …to condense the time required… (Para.2) condense: v.
1) reduce (esp. sth. written) to a smaller or shortened form
I tried to condense the report into as few words as possible. 我努力把报告压缩得尽可能短一些。
He managed to condense his letter of application to one page.他设法将他的申请信压缩成一页。 2) (of a gas) become liquid or sometimes solid, esp. by becoming cooler
When a gas or vapor condenses, it changes into liquid. 气体或水蒸气冷凝时变成液体。 …a huge advantage over countries stuck with old technology. (Para.2)
an advantage over: a condition or circumstance that puts one in a favourable position compared to other people
His height and reach give him an advantage over other boxers. 他的身高和臂长使他比其他拳击手更具优势。
His connections gave him an advantage over the others.他有门路，所以比别人占优势。 Her working experience gave her a big advantage over the others for the job.她的工作经历使她比其他申请这项工作的人占有更大的优势。
…countries stuck with old technology. (Para.2)
be stuck with: have no choice about dealing with (sb., sth.) or doing (sth. unwanted or unpleasant) Why am I always stuck with the dirty work? 我为什么老是得干脏活？
Jim always got stuck with cleaning the garage. 吉姆总是不得不干打扫车库的活。
Compare: Let's just make a decision, and then stick with it. 让我们做个决定，然后坚持这一决定。
I'd rather stick with a way of doing things that I know will work.我宁愿坚持用我认为能起作用的方法做事。
… desperate for any phones, period.(Para.3)
desperate: a.
1) (~for sth. or ~to do sth.) needing or wanting sth. very much I was absolutely desperate to see her. 我简直太想见到她了。 I'm desperate for a cigarette. 我非常想抽烟。
2) showing a willingness to take risks, esp. because one is in a bad situation that he / she wants to change
The prisoners grew more desperate in despair. 囚徒们在绝望中更加不顾死活了。
His increasing financial difficulties forced him to take desperate measures.他日益恶化的经济状况迫使他采取孤注一掷的措施。
3) (of a situation) extremely serious or dangerous
The children are in desperate need of love and attention. 孩子们急需得到照顾和关爱。 They face a desperate shortage of water. 他们面临严重缺水的局面。
To lick this problem,… (Para.4)
lick: vt.
1) (informal) easily defeat sb. or deal with sth.
It was a tricky problem but I think we've licked it.问题很棘手，但我认为我们已经解决了。 I think we've finally got the problem licked. 我认为我们最终算是解决了那个问题。 2) move one's tongue over the surface of sth. in order to eat it, make it wet or clean it He licked the ice cream left on his fingers. 他舔掉了沾在手指上的冰淇淋。 The cat licked up the milk from its bowl. 猫从碗里舔喝牛奶。 She licked the honey off the spoon. 她舔净了汤匙上的蜜。
To offer peak performance…(Para.6)
peak: a. used to describe the highest level of sth., or a time when the greatest number of people are doing or using sth.
The Information Age is a time of peak demand for computers.信息时代是大量需求电脑的时期。 March is one of the peak periods for our business. 三月份是我们业务的高峰期。 n. [C] the point when sb. or sth. is best, most successful, strongest, etc.
Demand for coal is at its peak in January and February. 一、二月份是对煤的需求量最大的月份。
Membership of the club has fallen from a peak of 600 people in 1990.俱乐部会员的人数已从1990年600人的高峰跌落下来。 v. reach the highest point or value
Oil production peaked in the early 1980s. 石油生产于20世纪80年代初达到颠峰。 Unemployment peaked at 17% during the recession. 萧条时期失业率高达17%。
…at your disposal. (Para.8)
disposal n.
1) [U] the power or authority to use freely
We will use all the means at our disposal to solve this dispute. 我们将运用我们能支配的一切手段来解决这一争端。
During their visit I put my car at their disposal. 在他们来访期间，我把汽车交给他们随意使用。 2) [U] the act of getting rid of sth.
Please see to the disposal of that rubbish. 请把那堆垃圾清理掉。
Locals are objecting to the land being used as a disposal site for household waste. 当地人反对把这块土地用作家庭垃圾的处理场。
…annual revenue… (Para.8)
revenue: n. [C] the money that a government receives from taxes or that an organization, etc. receives from its business
Advertising revenue finances the commercial television channels. 广告收入资助商业电视频道。 The company's annual revenues rose by 30%. 公司的年收入增长了30%。 Taxes provide most of the government's revenue. 政府的大部分收入是税款。
Government revenues have fallen dramatically with four million people out of work.随着400万人失业，政府岁入已急剧下降。
That's partly because Latin American customers talk two to four times as long on the phone as people in North America. (Para. 8)
Note the structure \"two to four times as long as\" in the sentence. We can use this structure to indicate the size or extent of something by comparing it to something else. Expressions such as \"twice\ Water is eight hundred times as dense as air.
This animal is three times as popular with girls as with boys. Their house is about three times as big as ours.
…they'll persist … (Para.11)
persist: v.
1) (~in sth., ~in doing sth. or with sth.) continue to do sth. in spite of difficulties or opposition, in a way that can seem unreasonable
Why do you persist in blaming yourself for what happened? 你为什么要不停地为所发生的事责备自己呢？
She persisted in her search for the truth. 她持之以恒地寻求真理。
He persisted with his questioning. 他坚持追问。 2) continue to exist
The belief that the earth was flat persisted for many centuries. 认为地球是平面的观念延续了数个世纪。
If the symptoms persist, consult your doctor.如果症状持续下去就要去看医生。 C. Post-reading Activity
1.Ask students to sum up the main idea of the text and to analyze the writing techniques of the text.
Structural analysis of the text
The reading passage deals with one of the popular and current topics of today — telecommunications revolution. The passage explores the topic from different aspects:
the advantages of telecommunications technologies, questions that should be considered in developing the new technologies for developing countries, different countries trying to solve different problems with different resolutions, and lastly the conclusions. Look at the following chart and you will find:
1. The first part is made up of 2 paragraphs, Paragraphs 1 and 2. The 2 paragraphs focus on the overwhelming advantages of telecommunications revolution, esp. for developing countries: boosting living standards and promoting internal and foreign investment; stepping directly into the information age and leaping over whole stages of economic development; changing from labor-intensive model to high-tech intensive model to give developing countries a huge advantage over countries stuck with old technology.
2. The second part is 1 paragraph only: Paragraph 3. T agraph leading to specific countries in their efforts to develop telecommunications technologies.
3. The third part is the biggest part of the passage, consisting of 7 paragraphs, from Paragraph 4 to Paragraph 10. This part deals with 6 different countries or regions, such as
Russia, China, Hungary, Latin American countries, Thailand and Vietnam in the transformation of telecommunications technologies. Different countries have different backgrounds and they seek different ways out of their respective problems to realize telecommunications transformation. Russia needs to invest in information technology a huge amount of money to update its ancient telephone system but it is unlikely due to a poor economy. China, taking advantage of its backwardness, invests a huge amount of money to become a major part of the information superhighway. And Shanghai plans telecommunications networks as powerful as those in Manhattan. Hungary sold a 30% stake in its national phone company and leased rights to Western companies to overcome the problem of funding and to speed up the import of Western technology. Hungary also finds that it is worth doing so. While Hungary is trying to find the money through various ways for telecommunications equipment, Latin American countries are making money out of the new technologies. People in Thailand are happy to accept the new technologies as they can make better use of all the time they spend stuck in traffic with mobile phones. And Vietnam, despite its backwardness, plans to invest more money in op ber,tical fi digital switches, and decades. transmission systems annually to keep pace with anyone in Asia in new technology for 4. The fourth part is 1 paragraph, Paragraph 11 and it is a conclusion full of confidence. The passage concludes to say that developing countries can catch up with Americans and Western Europeans in telecommunications technologies if they persist in their efforts even though they will make mistakes in the process of transformation
2.Homework: Learn the words and phrases by heart and next week there will be a dictation; Do all the exercises on the book with translation done on the exercise book.
(2)
Period：2 periods
Teaching Material：New Horizon College English Teaching Procedure:
1. Dictation of the words and phrases 2. comment on and appraise the exercises.
Reading skills: recognizing paragraph patterns: Cause and Effect, Comparison and Contrast, Time Sequence, a Set of Sequential Actions, a General Point Supported by Details/ Examples/ a List of Things, a Problem-Solution Pattern, etc. (Section B)
Unit 5, book 4
Choose to be Alone on Purpose
Period：2 periods
Teaching Material：New Horizon College English
Teaching Objective: The students will be able to:
A: learn to use some important words such as: dictate, humble, choke,
justice, supreme, slippery etc. B: learn to use “ the more…, the more…” “may/might as well”. C: Master the prefix “over-, under-”
Teaching Procedure:
A. Pre-reading Activity (20minutes)
1. Introduce the three literary giants in American literature, William Wordsworth, John Milton, and Henry David Thoreau, including their life story, contributions, and their masterpieces in order to arouse students’ interest. Refer to the teachers’ book.
2. Ss are required to listen to the short passage carefully (using the CD) and answer some questions. Why are American heroes, poets and philosophers admired for their solitude? Why do people need to talk? How do lonely people deal with having no one to talk to?
3. Ask students to look at the title Choose to Be Alone on Purpose. Predict the contents of the passage.
B. While-reading Activity
4. Ask students some sign post questions to each paragraph to see how well the students
understand each paragraph and train Ss skimming ability. (Some of the questions are on P.124 Comprehension of the text)
5. Language Points: (refer to teachers’ book)
1). e we are, all by ourselves, all 22 million of us by recent count, alone in our rooms, some of us liking it that way and some of us not. (Para. 1)
Meaning: We are here, living all alone — according to recent statistics up to 22 million of us are living alone in our rooms; some like the solitary way of life and some don't like it.
2). Translate the sentence: They all speak highly of themselves for seeking it out, at least
for an hour or even two before they hurry home for tea.
3). Inspiration in solitude is a major commodity for poets and philosophers. They're all for it. (Para. 3)
Meaning: Inspiration in solitude is the most useful thing for poets and philosophers. They are all in favor of it.
4). No doubt about it, solitude is improved by being voluntary. (Para. 5)
Meaning: Undoubtedly, one can even find pleasure in living alone if he or she chooses to stay
alone of his or her own free will.
5). …before they silently creep away, so he can create poetry. (Para. 6)
poetry: n. poems in general as a form of literature
The actor will be reading from contemporary poetry and prose.这演员将朗诵当代诗歌和散文的选段。
She started writing poetry at a young age.她年纪很小的时候就开始写诗了。
Compare:
poem: n. a piece of writing in which the words are chosen for their sound and the images and ideas they suggest, not just their obvious meaning, and the words are arranged in separate lines, often ending in rhyme
The poet will recite some of her recent poems. 这位诗人要背诵她最近写的几首诗。
6). Perhaps there's a message here. The larger the ego, the less the need for other egos around. The more modest and humble we feel, the more we suffer from solitude, feeling ourselves inadequate company. (Para. 10)
Meaning: Perhaps here the most important idea is: if a person's sense of his own value and importance is stronger, he is less likely to stay with others. On the contrary, if we think less of our own values and abilities and think us less important than others, we are more likely to find unbearable the state of being alone and be discontented with staying all by ourselves. We want to stay with others.
Translate Paragraph 10: Thoreau had his own self-importance for company. Perhaps
there's a message here. The larger the ego, the less the need for other egos around. The more modest and humble we feel, the more we suffer from solitude, feeling ourselves
7). Translate:
(1) If you live with other people, their temporary absence can be refreshing. (2) The condition of loneliness rises and falls, but the need to talk goes on forever.
It's more basic than needing to listen. Oh, we all have friends we can tell important things to, people we can call to say we lost our job or fell on a
slippery floor and broke our arm. It's the daily succession of small complaints
and observations and opinions that backs up and chokes us.
(3) Scientific surveys show that we who live alone talk at length to ourselves and
our pets and the television.
(4) It's important to stop waiting and settle down and make ourselves
comfortable, at least temporarily.
8). But when you live alone, the temporary absence of your friends and acquaintances leaves a vacuum; they may never come back. (Para. 11) Meaning: But if you live in solitude and your friends and acquaintances leave for the time being, you will have the feeling of emptiness, and they may never come back
9). It's the daily succession of small complaints and observations and opinions that backs up and chokes us. (Para. 12)
Meaning: It's the daily series of our complaints and observations and views on various issues that stuffs us and makes us feel uneasy, filling us with the desire to talk to others.
C. Post-reading Activity
1. Ask students to sum up the main idea of the text and to analyze the writing techniques of the text.
The reading passage focuses on a social phenomenon — choosing to be alone on purpose. The passage can be broadly divided into four main parts: what living alone is, what people think of living alone, who prefer living alone, the author’s comments on living alone and what he advises for living in solitude. Look at the following chart and you find:
2.Homework: Learn the words and phrases by heart and next week there will be a dictation; Do all the exercises on the book with translation done on the exercise book.
(2)
Period：2 periods
Teaching Material：New Horizon College English Teaching Procedure:
1. Dictation of the words and phrases
2. comment on and appraise the exercises.
Exercise III. Let students pay attention to grammatical functions as well as sentence meaning
when filling words in blanks. Exercise IV. Remind students of remembering words and phrases that share the similar meaning.
Exercise V. Draw students’ attention to the collocation of a specific verb to the nouns.
Exercise VI and VII. Explain the importance of suffix and prefix. Give more examples so as to help students to enlarge their vocabulary.
Exercise VIII and IX. Students should use the structure flexibly.
Exercise X. Explain the trick to translate a sentence into English with the use of these sentences.
Skill development. Focus on Section B. first; explain the skill — recognizing paragraph patterns. Then, students are required to read the passage independently, after that, they can work in pairs to find out the pattern. Homework. Ask students to finish Section B and Section C after class, and prepare for oral English.
Unit 6 book 4
Period：2 periods
Teaching Material：New Horizon College English Teaching Objectives：The students will be able to:
A: learn to use some important words such as: negotiation, substantial,
commission, donation impose, secure, withdraw etc. B: learn to use “It is +adjective + to do / that-clause” and “suppose”
Teaching Procedure:
A. Pre-reading Activity (10minutes)
A question will be asked: Suppose you were a businessman, what would you do if you were doing business with a country where bribery has been a way of life? (Group work) B. While-reading Activity
1. Ask students some sign post questions to each paragraph to see how well the students
understand each paragraph and train Ss skimming ability. (Some of the questions are on P.31 Comprehension of the text)
2. Language Points: (refer to teachers’ book)
1. Bribery and Business Ethics (Title) bribery: n. the act of offering money or
sth. valuable to sb. in order to persuade them to do sth. for you
The organization was rife with bribery and corruption. 该组织内部充斥着行贿受贿和腐败。
He was jailed on charges of bribery. 他因行贿受贿罪而入狱。
Compare:
bribe: v. try to make (sb.) do sth. for you by giving them money, presents or sth. else that they want
He escaped and fled to England after his family bribed officials. 在他家族贿赂官员之后，他逃往了英国。
They bribed the waiter to find them a table. 他们贿赂服务员，让他找一张桌子。
n. money, etc. that is given to sb. such as an official to persuade him/ her to do sth. esp. sth. dishonest
He was accused of accepting /taking bribes from wealthy businessmen. 他被控收受富商的贿赂。
He admitted taking bribes. 他承认受贿。 2. Bribery and Business Ethics (Title) ethics: n.
1) (pl.) moral rules or principles of behavior governing a person or group
Medical ethics do not permit doctors to advertise. 医德不允许医生登广告。 2) (sing.) science that deals with morals
Bribery and Business Ethics
(1)
Ethics is a branch of philosophy. 伦理学是哲学的分科。
Compare:
ethic: n. system of moral principles
The puritan ethic was being replaced by the Hedonist ethic, right there in the heartland. 就在中心区域，清教徒伦理观被享乐主义伦理观所取代。 3. They often do not realize that bribery in various forms is on the increase in
many countries and, in some, has been a way of life for centuries. (Para. 1) Meaning: They often don’t realize that various forms of bribery are becoming more frequent and that in some countries it is traditional to bribe people in some ways.
4. …that bribery in various forms is on the increase…(Para. 1) on the increase:
becoming more frequent or greater in number or intensity
In Britain some 14 per cent of families with dependent children are headed by a lone parent, and figures for one-parent families are on the increase in
Britain and the U.S.A. 在英国，大约14%需要抚养的儿童长在单亲家庭，单亲家庭的数目在英国和美国仍在增长。
Large-scaled drug smuggling was on the increase, and a more professional approach to combat this was being used by the law-enforcement teams. 大规模毒品走私在增长，执法队正在使用更专业的手段对其进行打击。 5. …in some, has been a way of life for centuries. (Para. 1) a way of life: how
people do things or live
Sleeping in doorways, begging for food and money — it's not a very enviable way of life. 睡在门口，乞讨食物和金钱——这并不是一种令人羡慕的生活方式。
Watching football on Saturdays and cleaning the car on Sundays are all part of the British way of life. 周六观看足球，周日清洗汽车都是英国人生活方式的一部分。
6. … the Minister of Trade makes it clear to you that if you offer him a
substantial bribe, you will find it much easier to get an import license for your goods, and you are also likely to avoid “procedural delays”, as he puts it. (Para.
2) Meaning: …the Minister of Trade says clearly to you that if you bribe him with a large sum of money, you will get an import license for your goods more easily and quickly, because some of the procedures will go quickly and smoothly without delay.
7. …offer him a substantial bribe, … (Para. 2) substantial: a.
1) large in amount or value
There are substantial differences between the two groups. 这两组之间存在重大差异。
It's reported that he has secured the release of a substantial number of political prisoners. 据报道他已保证释放大批政治犯。
2) important, large enough to be noticeable or to have an important effect DuPont's second-quarter earnings rebounded from a loss the year before, and the chemical giant said it expected “substantial” improvement in the second half of the year. 杜邦公司今年第二季度的收入已摆脱去年的亏损，这个化
工巨人表示他们预计今年下半年将有重大改进。
The trade negotiating authority has substantial support in the Senate, where its passage appears likely. 贸易谈判当局受到参议院的实质性支持，因此通过（该决议）显然是可能的。
8. … as he puts it. (Para. 2) put: v. express or state sth. in a particular way
To put it simply, we accept their offer or go bankrupt. 简单地说，我们要么接受他的提议，要么破产。
He was too trusting — or, to put it another way, he had no head for business. 他太相信别人，换句话说，他毫无商业头脑。
You can't put that sort of fear into words. 你无法用语言表达那种恐惧。 9. Now, the question is: do you pay up or stand by your principles? (Para. 2)
Meaning: Now you must decide whether to pay the officials a large sum of money to bribe them or to stick to your principles.
10. …do you pay up…(Para. 2) pay up: pay (a debt) in full, often unwillingly
If you pay up now, you will not be taken to court. 你如果现在付清，就不会送你上法庭。
Eventually, they paid up, but only after receiving several reminders. 最后他们总算全部付清了，但那是在收到好几张催款单之后。
But don't expect your travel insurance to pay up unless you're injured or get your luggage damaged in the storms. 除非你受了伤，或在风暴中你的行李受损，否则别指望你的旅行保险会支付赔偿。
11. …stand by your principles? (Para. 2) stand by:
1) still believe or agree with sth. said, decided or agreed earlier
He continues to insist that all he wrote in the book is nothing but the truth, and that he will stand by his words. 他一直坚持说他书里写的都是真的，而且他会信守诺言。
She still stands by every word she said. 她仍然信守自己所说的每一句话。 2) help sb. or be friends with them, even in difficult situations
I wouldn't break the law for a friend, but I would stand by her in need. 我不会为了朋友而违背法律，但如有需要的话，我会支持她的。
I owe so much to my family for standing by me through all this. 我非常感激我的家人，他们支持我经历了所有这一切。
3) be present while sth. bad is happening but not do anything to stop it
How can you stand by and see him accused of something he didn't do? 看着他无辜受到指控，你怎能袖手旁观？
The Secretary of Defense has said he would not stand by and let democracy be undermined. 国防部长说他不会眼看着民主制度被破坏而无动于衷。 4) be ready for action
British and American warships are standing by to evacuate their citizens if necessary. 英美军舰已经处于准备状态，以便在必要的时候撤走侨民。 The troops are standing by. 军队正严阵以待。
12. It is easy to talk about having high moral standards but, in practice, what
would one really do in such a situation? (Para. 3) Meaning: Talking about having high standards of good behavior and honesty is easy. But, in reality,
what would one actually do in such a situation?
13. …but, in practice, what would one really do in such a situation? (Para. 3) in
practice: What happens in practice is what actually happens, in contrast to what is supposed to happen.
It seemed like a good idea before we started, but in practice it was a disaster. 开始前这似乎是个好主意，但实际上却是个灾难。
Officially, Robert's in charge, but in practice Hannah runs the office. 按规定应由罗伯特负责这间事务所，但实际上却是汉娜在管理。
I can't see how your plan is going to work in practice. 我看不出你的计划在实践中如何行得通。
14. Some time ago a British car manufacturer was accused of operating a fund to
pay bribes, and of other questionable practices such as … and making
payments to numbered bank accounts in Switzerland. (Para. 3) Meaning: Some time ago a British car manufacturer was accused of using a sum of money to bribe someone, and it was also accused of some other practices which are likely to be morally wrong, such as … making payments to numbered bank accounts in Switzerland.
15. …a British car manufacturer was accused of operating a fund…(Para. 3)
accuse of: blame (sb.) saying that they have done sth. morally wrong, illegal,
unpleasant or unkind
He is accused of making a false statement prior to entering the U.S., which carries a sentence of up to five years in jail. 他被指控在进入美国前作了一项不实的申报，这可判高达五年的监禁。
The press began to be accused of being one-sided, unfair, of not giving a
balanced picture. 人们开始指责报纸立场偏颇，不公正，没有进行全面的描述。
16. …other questionable practices… (Para. 3) questionable: a. having doubts
about (sth.) because you think it is not accurate or correct; likely to be dishonest or morally wrong
The conclusions that they come to are highly questionable. 他们得出的结论很值得怀疑。
It is questionable whether this is a good way of solving the problem. 这是不是解决问题的好办法还很值得怀疑。
It's questionable whether the expenditure on this project is really justified. 这个工程的支出是否合理值得怀疑。
The Prime Minister received questionable political contributions for four
years before taking office. 首相在执政前的四年里收受了可疑的政治捐款。 17. …numbered bank accounts… (Para. 3) numbered bank accounts: A
numbered bank account is a bank account which is opened by using a number
instead of the name of the depositor to keep secret.
18. …making payments to numbered bank accounts in Switzerland. (Para. 3)
number: v. give a number to sth. as part of a series or list
All the seats in the stadium are numbered. 体育馆里的座位都编了号。 Number the car's features from 1 to 10 according to importance. 将汽车的特
性按照重要程度从1到10编号。
I couldn't work out the numbering system for the hotel rooms. 我搞不懂酒店房间的编号体系。
19. The company rejected these charges and they were later withdrawn. (Para. 3)
Meaning: The company denied that they have done anything illegal, and later
all the charges against it were dropped.
20. …rejected these charges…(Para. 3) reject: v. refuse to accept or consider sth.
The Prime Minister rejected any idea of reforming the system. 首相拒绝考虑任何改革体制的建议。
The British government is expected to reject the idea of a state subsidy for a new high-speed railway. 人们预计英国政府不会接受由国家补贴修建新的高速铁路的意见。
The children of Eastern European immigrants had rejected their parents'
political and religious beliefs. 东欧移民的子女已抛弃了他们父母的政治和宗教信仰。
21. …they were later withdrawn. (Para. 3) withdraw: v. remove sth. or take it
away; move back or away from a place or situation; recall or retract
Once in court, he withdrew the statement he'd made to the police. 一到法庭，他就撤回了对警察所作的陈述。
All charges against him were withdrawn. 所有对他的指控都撤回了。 He withdrew his remarks and explained that he had meant to say “discreet” instead of “decent”. 他收回了自己的话，并且解释说他本来是要说“discreet”而不是“decent”。 The UN withdrew its representation from the town after three of its
employees were killed. 联合国在其三名雇员被杀之后从这个城市撤回了它的代表。
But as the case entered its seventh day, she withdrew her claim with both sides agreeing to pay their own costs. 但当案子进入第七天，双方同意支付他们的费用后，她撤回了她的索赔要求。
22. …there were people in the motor industry in Britain who were prepared to say
in private… (Para. 3) Meaning: …some people in the motor industry in Britai n are willing to say, when there were no other people being present … 23. …to have enough legal power to make companies behave themselves. (Para.
10) behave oneself: act in a way that people think is correct or proper
As far as I know my boy doesn't have to do much on stage and I'm keeping my fingers crossed he'll behave
himself. 就我而言，我儿子在舞台上不一定要做得非常出色，我希望他能发挥出自己的水平。
He is now 20; it's time that he started behaving himself. 他现在20了，该是规矩行事的时候了。
C. Post-reading Activity
1.Ask students to sum up the main idea of the text and to analyze the writing techniques
of the text. Talk about the main idea of the text in groups and answer the following
questions (see exercise 2).
The essay can be structurally divided into three parts.
Part 1: This part consists of 4 paragraphs, from Paragraph 1 to Paragraph 4. It tells us thatBribery and other questionable payments are on the increase in many countries. They seem to be based not on lack of business ethics but on business interests.
Part 2: This part is made up of 4 paragraphs, from Paragraph 5 to Paragraph 8. It tells us that The questionable payments are divided into three categories: payments made for political purposes or to secure major contracts; to obtain quicker official approval; and made to people who help with the passage of a business deal.
Part 3: This part is made up of 3 paragraphs, from Paragraph 9 to Paragraph 11. To ban bribery, a code of conduct is favored by ICC, and even a council was proposed to manage it. But, its members are of different opinions. Anyway, bribery seems inevitable.
2.Homework: Learn the words and phrases by heart and next week there will be a dictation; Do all the exercises on the book with translation done on the exercise book.
(2)
Period：2 periods
Teaching Material：New Horizon College English Teaching Procedure:
1. Dictation of the words and phrases
2. comment on and appraise the exercises.
Further discussion: In your opinion, what should be done to prevent bribery from increasing in modern society?
Unit 7 book 4
Research into Population Genetics
(1)
Period：2 periods
Teaching Material：New Horizon College English Teaching Objectives：The students will be able to:
A: learn to use some important words such as: superficial, confine,
descend, feature, confront, assume, exploit, discount, resemble etc. B: learn to use “more than” and “nothing less than”.
Teaching Procedure:
A. Pre-reading Activity (10minutes)
Questions will be asked: What do you know about population genetics?.
Am I a Born Genius (Group work)
B. While-reading Activity
1. Ask students some sign post questions to each paragraph to see how well the students
understand each paragraph and train Ss skimming ability. (Some of the questions are on P.31 Comprehension of the text)
2. Language Points: (refer to teachers’ book)
** the second sentence in Para 1: It stands as the most extensive survey to date on how humans vary at the level of their genes. Meaning: The book marks itself out as a survey that has so far obtained the fullest information on human genetic evolution. ** the phrase “more than” in the first sentence in Para 2. meaning: “having greater value or importance than sth. else” or “not only…, not just…”. More examples: 1)“More than” followed by a noun phrase:
Learning English is more than attending the classes and taking notes.学习英语不只是来上课和记笔记。
2)“More than” followed by a verbal phrase:
We more than waited from morning till night; we were worried. 我们不只是从早一直等到晚，还担心受怕。
3)“More than” followed by an adjective phrase:
She was more than glad to hear the news. 听到这个消息她非常高兴。
**line 21 in Para 3: And to ensure the populations were \"purehe study was confined to groups that were in their present locations as of 1492, before the first major movements from Europe began — in effect, a genetic photo of the world when Columbus sailed for America. Meaning: And to make sure the survey participants were not mixed with outsiders, the study was limited to districts where people had been living since 1492 and were not affected by the first major movements from Europe due to Columbus's discovery of America. In fact, what the scientists drew was a genetic map of the world in 1492.
** the second sentence in Para 5: One of them jumps right off the book’s cover:… the
meaning of the sentence is: One of the discoveries was right on the book's cover — a color map of world's genetic change, showing that Australians are most distant from the Africans in genes.
**in the middle of Para 5: But their genes tell a different story. Meaning: But the genes from Australians and Africans prove the wide assumption wrong.
C. Post-reading Activity
1.Ask students to sum up the main idea of the text and to analyze the writing techniques of the text.
2.Homework: Learn the words and phrases by heart and next week there will be a dictation; Do all the exercises on the book with translation done on the exercise book.
(2)
Period：2 periods
Teaching Material：New Horizon College English Teaching Procedure:
1. Dictation of the words and phrases 2. comment on and appraise the exercises. Writing techniques: Listing (P.184-185)
Unit 8 book 4
Slavery Gave Me Nothing to Lose
(1)
Period：2 periods
Teaching Material：New Horizon College English Teaching Objectives：The students will be able to:
A: learn to use some important words such as: cautiously, tendency, depression, disapprove, register, guarantee etc. B: learn to use “mind + If-clause/-ing”
Teaching Procedure:
A. Pre-reading Activity (10minutes)
What do you know about racial conflicts? Have you seen any films on racial discrimination? If so, state its main idea. (Group work) B. While-reading Activity
1. Ask students some sign post questions to each paragraph to see how well the students understand each paragraph and train Ss skimming ability. (Some of the questions are on P.31 Comprehension of the text)
2. Language Points: (refer to teachers’ book)
1). Up to my thirteenth year I lived in the little Negro town of Eatonville, Florida. (Para. 1) Negro: n. a person who belongs to a dark-skinned, esp. African race; black people
The word is now considered offensive by many people and words such as “black” and “African-American” are used instead, especially in formal situations such as newspapers or government statements. The word “colored” is sometimes also considered offensive. 2. It is exclusively a black town. (Para. 1)
Meaning: This is a town with only black residents.
exclusively: ad. involving only the things mentioned, and nothing else
There is now a trend away from an exclusively academic curriculum towards teaching more practical subjects in schools. 现在很多学校出现了由仅仅教授纯理论的课程转向教授更实用的学科的趋势。
The selfish man looks out for himself exclusively. 那自私的人只顾他自己。 Compare:
Exclusive: a. used only by one person or group, and not shared by other people; if two things are mutually exclusive, they can not exist together
These experts have exclusive use of the office and the equipment. 这间办公室及设备专供这些专家使用。
There is no reason why these two functions should be mutually exclusive. 没有理由说明这两个功能为什么不能同时存在。
3). But the Northerners were something else again. (Para. 1)
Meaning: When the people in the town saw the Northerners, their reactions would be quite different from those toward the Southerners.
9. They were peered at cautiously from behind curtains by the timid. (Para. 1)
Meaning: The shy people would look out through their curtains at the Northerners carefully. 10. They were peered at cautiously from behind curtains by the timid. (Para. 1)
peer: v. (at) look closely or carefully at sth., esp. when you cannot see it clearly He peered closely at the tag to see the price. 他细看标签以辨认价格。
Marian peered at him over the top of the evening paper; her eyes were shifty with guilt. 玛丽安越过晚报的上方凝视着他，眼神里闪现着内疚。
The driver was peering into the distance, trying to read the road sign. 司机费力地看着前方，想要看清路标。
4). They were peered at cautiously from behind curtains by the timid. (Para. 1) Cautiously: ad. Carefully; in a careful manner to avoid danger or mistakes
They are cautiously optimistic because of the constructive atmosphere in which the talks will take place. 他们保持谨慎的乐观，因为会谈将在积极的气氛中举行。
Allen and Marian passed the beast cautiously, keeping as far away as possible, with their swords ready in hand. 艾伦和玛丽安手里握着刀，小心翼翼地经过那头野兽，尽可能远离它。 Compare:
Cautious: a. careful, taking care to avoid risks
I'm always more cautious than any one of them, because I'm never absolutely certain what happens next. 我总是比他们任何一个人都谨慎，因为我从不确定接下来会发生什么。 They took a cautious approach to the issue. 对这个问题，他们采取了谨慎策略。
Note in the sentence “from” is followed by “behind curtains”. After a preposition, you can sometimes use another prepositional phrase:
I had taken his drinking bowl from beneath the kitchen table. 我已经把他的酒碗从厨房桌子的下面拿走了。
the timid: the shy and nervous people
Timid: a. shy and nervous; lacking confidence
I would have been as timid as the girl herself, if she had looked at me! 假如那个女孩子看我的话，我会跟她一样害羞。
My horse is a bit timid and is easily frightened by traffic.我的马有点胆小，容易被车辆惊吓。 5). Not only did I enjoy the show, but I didn't mind the actors knowing that I liked it. (Para. 2) Meaning: I enjoyed watching travelers coming and going and what was happening, I did not mind these people's knowing that I loved it.
11. „The conversation would be rudely broken off. (Para. 2)
Break off: end esp. suddenly
He broke off his holiday to attend a business meeting.他中止休假，去参加一个商务会议了。 Britain threatened to break off diplomatic relations. 英国威胁要中断外交关系。
No matter what it might cost her, even if it meant social ruin, she would break off her engagement. 不论付出什么代价，即使意味着毁坏自己的社会盛誉, 她都会取消这个婚约。
He was so angry that he broke off his friendship with her. 他太愤怒了，断绝了与她的友谊。 12. „and gave me generously of their small silver for doing these things, „ (Para. 3) give of (one's money /time, etc.): give (one's money / time, etc.), esp. in a way that seems
generous
We thanked all the people who have given of their money. 我们对所有那些捐出钱款的人深表谢意。
We're very grateful to all the people who have given of their time. 我们对所有那些献出他们时间的人深表谢意。
But he would give generously of his time to such organizations as the British Council, helping to audition young people with ambitions to dance. 但是他愿为英国文化委员会这样的组织慷慨地献出时间，帮助面试那些在舞蹈方面有抱负的年轻人。
13 „and gave me generously of their small silver for doing these things, „ (Para. 3)
Generously: ad. (esp. of a person) in a way one is willing to give money, help, kindness, etc. esp. more than is usual or expected, or (of an object) larger than usual or expected
Please give generously to children in need.请慷慨赠与那些需要帮助的孩子们。
The farmer generously allowed us to camp on his land.农场主慷慨地让我们在他的土地上露营。 We were entertained most generously both in people's homes and in some splendid restaurants. 我们在人们的家里和一些豪华宾馆都受到了最慷慨的款待。 Compare:
generous: a.
It was most generous of you to lend me the money.你真是大方，把钱借给我。
She's very generous with her time — always ready to help other people. 她很舍得花时间——总是乐于帮助别人。
14. I became a permanent brown — like the best shoe polish, „ (Para.4)
permanent: a. lasting for a long time or for ever
However, incorrectly stretching your wounded leg can cause untold damage and even permanent injuries in extreme cases. 但是，不正确地拉伸你的伤腿会引发意料不到的损伤，在极端情况下甚至会导致永久性损伤。
Are you looking for a temporary or a permanent job? 你是想找一个临时的还是长期的工作？ His work is on permanent display in the gallery. 他的作品在画廊永久陈列。
15. Someone is always at my elbow reminding me that I am the granddaughter of slaves. (Para. 5) at one's elbow: nearby, close by
A virtue of this cottage is that the ocean is at your elbow. 这座别墅的好处之一是临近大海。 Don't worry about the trip; you will have friends at your elbow. 别担心旅行；你会有朋友在身边。
During the visit, the interpreter was always at her elbow. 在参观过程中，翻译一直在她身边。 But within seconds Tom Watt was at my elbow, his large black umbrella overarching us both. 几秒钟内汤姆·沃特就来到我身边，用他大大的黑伞遮住我俩。 16. It fails to register depression with me. (Para. 5)
register: v.
1) show or express a feeling
Her face registered disapproval. 她的面部露出不同意的神情。
The surprise and shock registered on Owen's face were so real that even I would have thought them genuine. 欧文脸上流露的诧异和震惊的表情是那么真实，连我都差点信以为真。 2) if a measuring instrument registers an amount or sth. registers an amount on a measuring instrument, the instrument shows or records that amount
The Geiger counter registered a dangerous level of radioactivity. 盖革计数器显示出放射性危险程度。
The earthquake registered 3 on the Richter scale. 地震仪显示为里氏三级。
17. Slavery is the price I paid for civilization, and the choice was not with me. (Para. 5)
Meaning: Slavery is a stage in the long history of human civilization for which I suffered a loss, but it is something beyond my choice.
40. Slavery is the price I paid for civilization, and the choice was not with me. (Para. 5) pay a / the price for: do or give sth. in order to get what one wants
This is the price we must pay for freedom. 这是我们为自由必须要付出的代价。
Maybe uniformity is one of the prices we have to pay for sociability in a more mobile society. 在一个更为流动的社会中，统一性也许是我们为社交活动必须要付出的代价之一。 18. It is thrilling to think, to know, that for any act of mine, I shall get twice as much praise or twice as much blame. (Para. 5)
Meaning: It is very exciting to think and understand this fact: if I did something good, I would get praise from both the black people and the white people, but once I did something wrong, I would receive blame from both the black world and the white world as well.
19. I do not always feel colored. Even now I often achieve the unconscious Zora of that small village, Eatonville. (Para. 6)
Meaning: I am not always aware of the fact that I am black. Sometimes I even feel that I am still the naïve little girl of the small village — Eatonville, not having any fear or worry.
20. Perhaps that is how the Great Stuffer of Bags filled them in the first place — who knows? (Para. 7)
Meaning: Maybe at the very beginning the creator of nature loves the world to be the way it is. Here the Great Stuffer of Bags probably refers to God, and many unexplainable things can be attributed to God. Why not accept it as it is? Everyone is equal.
C. Post-reading Activity
1. Ask students to sum up the main idea of the text and to analyze the writing techniques of the
text.
1.The first part consists of 3 paragraphs, from Paragraph 1 to Paragraph 3, concentrating on how I felt about the white people when I was a child. Paragraph 1 presents detailed descriptions about how I, as a child, watched the white people passing my village with pleasure. Paragraph 2 offers some details about how I responded to the white as a child. Paragraph 3 comes to a general statement that I did not feel any difference from the white though I was a black Zora.
2. The second part is one paragraph, Paragraph 4. It was when I was thirteen that I found out in my heart as well as in the mirror that I was a little black girl. This is a transitional paragraph in the sense that it links my childhood to my adulthood.
3. The third part is made up of 3 paragraphs, from Paragraph 5 to Paragraph 7. This part deals with how I feel about being colored as an adult. Paragraph 5 tells us how I look at the problem of slavery. I never feel depressed for slavery is something in the past. I think that I am just like in a foot race: I am off to a flying start and I must not halt in the middle to look into the past and weep. I have nothing to lose but a world to win. In Paragraph 6 the author tells us with one example that
I do not always feel colored. Paragraph 7 offers a general conclusion about my feelings about being black. The author is making a comparison here that people of different colors are just like bags, made by the God, of different colors, but containing similar contents. And being black is just like belonging to a brown bag among many different colored ones such as white, yellow and red. So being colored does not make any difference to me.
2.Homework: Learn the words and phrases by heart and next week there will be a dictation; Do all the exercises on the book with translation done on the exercise book.
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