改革后的全国大学英语四级听力理解部分占35％的分值, 共36题, 分为三节, 考试时间为35分钟。Section A是听力对话, 占15％的分值, 由8个短对话和2个长对话构成, 共15题。短对话为传统题型；长对话为新增题型, 对话后有三至四个问题, 对话内容和问题只播音一次。这部分对话内容主要是学生所熟悉的日常生活中的话题, 口语性强。Section B是选择题型的短文理解, 共3篇短文, 10个问题, 占10％的分值。这部分题材广, 篇幅长, 信息量大, 主要测试考生在语篇层面的理解能力, 短文和问题只播音一次。Section C是复合式短文听写(Compound Dictation), 1篇短文, 共11题, 占10％的分值, 为主观类题型。短文中留有11个空格, 空格1～8内要准确填人所听到的单词, 空格9～11内要填人所听到的句子的原文或大意。这部分是对考生综合听力理解能力的考核, 全文播音三遍。
短对话
短对话内容为日常生活中的一般对话。问题类型可分为时间、数字、地点、人物身份及人物关系、辨认细节、推理判断等六类。新的四级考试更倾向于后两类题型, 主要测试学生从有声句子中获取信息的能力和日常口语表达用语及语言功能的掌握情况和熟练程度。 1. 时间类题型
时间类题型(Time)包括直接型和计算型。直接型时间题无需计算, 只需记住有关时间的细节并听清楚问题所问即可。计算型时间题需要考生在听懂对话的基础上做简单的加、减、乘、除运算。对于此类题型, 考生需熟悉其提问方式, 基本上是由when, what time, at what time, how long等疑问词引导的疑问句。同时也要熟悉一些时间的表达法, 如a quarter, a couple of hours, half an hour, ten (o’ clock) sharp, 5 a.m./p.m., decade, score, a fortnight等；还有一些经常出现的表示提前或延后的词语, 如early, delay, postpone, late, in advance, ahead of等。请看例子： 例子1:
M: Tony and I were supposed to meet here at the gate at 7 o'clock, but he hasn't shown up yet. W. Are you sure? He told me you would meet at half past six. Now it's already 7:10. I guess he has seated down in the auditorium.
Q: When did Tony think they were supposed to meet? A) At 7:10. B) At 7:00. C) At 6:30. D) At 6:00.
答案为C。这是一道直接型时间题。对话中出现了多个时间, 只要听清楚第二位说话者的意思和对话后的提问就很容易得出答案。
例子2:
M: I think there is still time for us to catch the train to Paris. Now it's only 2 o' clock. W: I thought it was half past two. Thank goodness, we have 40 minutes left. Let's hurry. Q: When will the train leave for Paris?
A) At 2:00. B) At 2:30. C) At 2:40. D) At 3:10.
答案为C。这是一道加法题。根据第一位说话者, 现在的时间是两点, 根据第二位说话者, 他们还有40分钟的时间赶火车, 把两个时间相加就是火车的离站时间。
2. 数字类题型
数字类题型(Number)跟时间类题型一样, 包括直接型和计算型, 涉及价格、年龄、人数、速度、时间、电话号码、尺寸、距离、重量、频率等。考生需要仔细听清楚与数字有关的信息, 必要时作一些运算。对于此类题型, 考生需熟悉其提问方式, 基本上是由how many, how much, how old, how quick, how far, how big, how heavy等引导的疑问句。同时考生要在平时的训练中总结一些经常出现的与特定的话题有关的信号词。比如, 有关价格的试题经常涉及的词语与表达方式有：change, on sale, 10％ discount, on special, rate, price等；有关速度的试题常出现的词语与表达方式有：speed, limit, mph等。此外, 考生也要熟悉一些与数字或数字
运算有关的表达方式, 如two-thirds, quarter, half, twice, double, triple等。请看例子：
例子1:
M: I'd like a single room and a large room with a double bed for two days. W: A single room is $ 30 a day, and a double-bed room is $ 50 a day. Q: How much would the man pay for the rooms? A) $ 30. B) $ 50. C) $ 80. D) $ 160.
答案是D。这是一道涉及加法和乘法运算的计算型数字题。单人房是一天30美元, 双人房是一天50美元, 那么住两天总共要160美元。
例子2:
W: How many people enrolled in our club this year? Eighty? M: We have expected sixty, but the number has doubled. Q: How many people enrolled in the club? A) Sixty. B) Eighty.
C) One hundred and twenty. D) One hundred and sixty.
答案是C。这是一道乘法题, 关键是抓住double(两倍)。
3. 地点类题型
地点类题型(Place)主要考查学生对对话地点和人物去向的判断能力, 考生需要根据对话的情节内容及暗示性的词汇进行判断。对于此类题型, 考生需熟悉其提问方式, 基本上是由where, which place等引导的疑问句。同时考生要在平时的训练中总结一些经常出现的与地点有关的信号词。比如：
school: class, freshmen, sophomore, junior, senior, assignment, campus, lecture, professor, full-time, essay, textbook
library: borrow, return, renew, be due, overdue, fine, librarian, reference book
hotel: room service, check-in, check-out, book a room, single room, double room, rate, reception desk, porter
post office: mail, envelope, letter, package, registered letter, postage, send hospital: doctor, nurse, operation, medicine, headache
other places: restaurant, bank, railway station, airport, cinema
例子:
W: Do you think my problem is serious?
M: Don' t worry. Just keep taking the medicine, and do some exercise, and you'll feel better soon. Q: Where does the conversation take place? A) In a classroom. B) In a hospital.
C) In a gym. D) In a lawyer's office.
答案为B。根据problem, medicine, feel better几个词可得出答案。
4. 身份及关系类题型
身份及关系类题型(Identity and Relationship)的对话提供一个情节, 考生需要捕捉与讲话人身份、讲话人关系相关的线索词进行推断。对于此类题型, 考生需熟悉其提问方式, 基本上是由who, what kind off job, what’s the profession／occupation, what’s the relationship等引导的疑问句。考生要熟悉各种职业场所和人物关系方面的词汇, 比如：师生之间(assignment, exam, course, lecture, professor, credit等), 同学之间(textbook, class, students center, students’ union, dormitory等), 医生与病人之间(fever, cold, cancer, surgeon, what’s the matter with you?等), 顾客与侍从之间(menu, order, restaurant, table, beef, desert等), 以及夫妻, 顾客与销售员, 主人与客人, 检察与司机, 老板与职员等等。
请看例子：
W: Hello, Doctor Smith. I'm with the Medical Newspaper. Could you spare some time today for me to ask some questions?
M: Sure. How about at lunch break? Q: Who is the woman?
A) A patient. B) A journalist. C) A student. D) A waitress.
答案是B。根据I’m with medical newspaper, ask some questions即可找出答案。
W: Did you see my sports bag?
M: Have you checked back in the classroom? I didn't see you with it when you came out. Q: What's the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A) Colleagues. B) Classmates. C) Neighbors. D) Relatives.
答案是B。根据classroom即可得出答案。
5. 细节类题型
细节类题型(Detail Identification)旨在考查考生筛选与所问问题相关的信息的能力。通常对话双方就某一个话题展开谈论, 提出多个信息, 考生需要听懂并记住细节, 回答时通常无需引申、推理。对于此类题型, 考生需熟悉其提问方式, 基本上是由what, when, where, why, which等引导的疑问句。做此类细节辨认题时, 常常听到所提问的问题时才知道哪些细节是重要的, 哪些是次要的。因此, 考生(1)在听之前先快速浏览四个选项, 做初步估计；(2)听时做笔记, 以免遗忘一些重要信息。例如：
M: How was the drama that you went to watch last Sunday? I know you were keen on it.
W: I just couldn't wait to watch it, and I was hoping for something wonderful. But it turned out to be rather dull.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation? A) The woman thinks the drama was good. B) The woman thinks the drama was boring.
C) The woman didn't expect the drama to be good. D) The man thinks the drama was worth watching.
答案为B。根据对话内容，第二位说话者认为那部戏剧dull，虽然她本来对它充满期待。这个对话中出现了多处对那部戏剧的修饰词和说话者对戏剧的态度词，只有分辨出哪些是说话者的期望，哪个是真实情况，才能找出正确答案。
6. 推理判断类题型
推理判断类题型(Inference and Judgment)是短对话听力理解中比较难的一类，占的比重也较大。考生不仅要听懂关键信息，而且要进行深层次的逻辑推理，即从对话中获得“已知”信息，再对“已知”信息进行推理判断，来推测说话人的态度、真实意图、事件发生的原因和后果等。考生要熟悉此类题型的提问方式，基本上是由what，why，how等引导的疑问句。常见的推理方式有：根据虚拟语气(用反向思维方式)，根据语音语调(说话人的态度、心情往往表露在这里)，根据成语、习语(keep my eyes and ears open for you，go in one ear and out the other等)，根据句型(why not，couldn’ t agree with you more，the last thing I would do，anything but，nothing but，I’d like to but等)。例如：
W: Romeo and Juliet is the most tragic story I've ever heard. M: I can't agree with you more. Q: How does the man mean?
A) He doesn't agree with the woman.
B) He thinks the story is the most tragic one. C) He thinks the story is more than tragic. D) He didn't read the story.
答案是B。抓住句型can’t agree with you more，只要明白这个结构的意思是“非常同意你的观点”便可找出答案。
7. 常用英语日常对话
常用英语日常对话是考生必须熟练掌握并运用的语言知识与技能，它有助于日常口语的提高以及短对话听力的理解。以下所列的日常对话摘自《大学英语课程教学要求[教学大纲]》(试行)，是大学英语课程教学要求学生掌握的基本对话，也是大学英语四级短对话听力测试中常见的口语表达形式。
Greetings 1) How are you? 2) How do you do? 3) How are you doing? 4) How' s everything? 5) How's it going?
6) I've been looking forward to meeting you. 7) I have heard so much / a lot about you. 8) Glad / Nice to meet / see you! 9) Fancy meeting you here! 10) Long time no see. 11) You look great today. 12) Give me a hug.
Introduction 13) I would like to introduce myself. I'm... 14) Mary, let me introduce... 15) Allow me to introduce... 16) May I have your name?
17) John, may I introduce Mary to you? 18) I'd like you to meet Mary. 19) This is my friend John.
20) Can I have your business card? 21) Here is my business card.
22) Melinda, this is Roger. Roger, this is Melinda. 23) Sorry I didn't catch your name.
Farewells 24) See you (later). 25) See you soon.
26) See you tomorrow /next year! 27) So long.
28) Hope to see you again.
29) I am afraid that I must be leaving. 30) I am sorry but I have to go now. 31) I've got to go now.
32) Have a pleasant journey.
33) Have a good journey, and all the best.
34) Take care of yourself and don't forget to keep in touch. 35) I am looking forward to seeing you again.
36) Remember the good times we shared!
Thanks 37) Many thanks.
38) I'm much obliged to you. 39) Thanks a lot.
40) Thanks ever so much.
41) 1 can never thank you enough.
42) Thank you for all you've done for me.
43) Thanks for the trouble you have taken for me. 44) I appreciate your help.
45) I'm truly grateful for your help. 46) I couldn't have done it without you. 47) You saved my life. 48) You're one in a million.
Apologies 49) I' m really sorry. 50) I apologize for...
51) Please accept my heart-felt apology. 52) I beg your forgiveness.
53) I feel really bad /sorry about...
54) I'm really sorry for not keeping my promise.
55) I'm not sure how to put it, but I'm sorry that I have done something wrong to you. 56) It must have been very embarrassing to... 57) I'll never forgive myself. 58) Will you ever forgive me?
59) How could I be so thoughtless? 60) It's all my fault. 61) I didn't mean it.
Invitation 62) Would you like to join... ?
63) I was wondering if you'd like to go to the... 64) I' 11 be happy if you can come to the..,
65) I'd like to have dinner with you next Tuesday. 66) I wonder if you two would like to come to... 67) Let's go and have something.
68) We should be delighted if you could...
69) Would you be free to a concert on Sunday? 70) What about going to... ? 71) Why not join... ?
72) Why don't you come on a holiday with us?
Asking for Permission 73) Is it all right if I... ?
74) Do you mind my doing... ? 75) Would you mind my doing... ?
76) Can I possibly have the book for a moment? 77) Do you have any objection to my doing... ?
78) Would I be in a position to express my opinion on this?
79) Would it be possible for me to put off the work till a later day? 80) I wonder whether I could take it away.
81) I'd like to make a phone call here, if you permit me.- 82) Am I allowed to make a suggestion?
Wishes and Congratulations 83) Wish you every success! 84) Good luck to you.
85) Wishing you good luck (forever).
86) Wish you peace and happiness (during the holidays). 87) Let me wish you the best of everything. 88) May you succeed at whatever you try. 89) May all your wishes come true.
90) I wish you every fortune and every success.
91) May your Christmas be filled with joy and warmth! 92) Hope the holidays find you happy and healthy. 93) If only I had more time, I could do it.
94) Keep my fingers crossed that I'll win the first prize. 95) I'm sure you'll be happy together. 96) You make a great couple.
97) Congratulations! I knew you'd pass it with flying colors. 98) I want to congratulate you with all my heart. 99) I think no one deserves it more than you! 100) Please send him my congratulations. 101) What marvelous news!
Offering or Asking for Help 102) What can I do for you?
103) Is there anything I can do for you? 104) Let me help you with... 105) Let me give you a hand.
106) Don't worry. I'll do it for you. 107) Why don't you use my... ? 108) I'll give you a lift if you like. 109) I'd like to help if I can. 110) Would you please... ? 111) Could you do me a favor?
Making Appointments 112) What time is convenient for you? 113) What's the best place to meet? 114) What about Saturday evening?
115) Would tomorrow morning suit you? 116) May I expect you at five?
117) I was wondering if you'd like to go to a movie with me.
118) I'm going to see the film with a group of my friends. Would you like to join us? 119) I'm afraid I won't be able to see you today.
120) I'm awfully sorry that I have to postpone my appointment with the dentist on Saturday. 121) Something urgent happened. I'd like to change our appointment to the day after tomorrow. 122) I really want to, but I have got hundreds of things to do. 123) Count me in if you are to meet on Sunday. 124) Glad you could make it.
Making Telephone Calls 125) May I speak to...?
126) Speaking.
127) Is Roger there? 128) Yes, speaking.
129) Hi, my hands are tied. I'll get back to you in a minute. 130) Can I call back? Something has come up. 131) Can I have your name and telephone number? 132) I have to take your number and call you back. 133) Can you connect me with... ?
134) I'm afraid you've got the wrong number.
135) Can we continue this later? My other line is ringing. 136) Hang on a second / a moment. 137) Would you like to hold? 138) Hold the line, please. 139) He's not here right now. 140) He's in a meeting now,
141) He's out on his lunch break right now. Would you like to leave a message? 142) He's not available now. Can I take a message?
143) When he comes back, can you have him call me at 55561212? 144) May I leave a message?
145) Of course. Hold on for just a second so I can grab a pen and paper. 146) Can you put Daisy back on again? I forgot to tell her something. 147) Sure. I'll go and get her. 148) Long-distance call from...
149) Should I tell him you'll call back, or do you want him to call you?
150) If you leave your name and number, 1' 11 have him call you back as soon as he's available. 151) Have you got the telephone directory? Can you help me get Mr. Li's telephone number? 152) John is on another line now. Can you hold on?
Having Meals 153) Could you show us the menu? 154) Would you like to see the menu? 155) Are you ready to order? 156) What do you recommend? 157) Which do you prefer?
158) How would you like that prepared /done? 159) What would you like to drink, tea or coffee? 160) I prefer noodles to rice.
161) I prefer to drink coffee without sugar. 162) What is your favorite... ?
163) What about having western food today? 164) Let's grab something to eat!
165) It is very delicious, but I can't eat any more. 166) We will go Dutch. 167) Tonight's on me.
168) I'll take care of the bill / check. 169) Would I have the bill? 170) We'd like the bill, please.
171) Bring me the bill /check, please.
Seeing the Doctor 172) What's the matter?
173) What's the trouble with you? 174) What seems to be the trouble?
175) I don't feel like eating.
176) How long have you been like this? 177) I've been sick for a day. 178) It hurts me when I breathe. 179) I feel feverish.
180) I'd like to run some tests.
181) I'd like to take a blood sample. 182) Have you had this problem before? 183) How's your blood pressure?
184) Give up smoking and keep on taking more exercises. 185) I'm going to write a prescription. 186) What sort of medicine do you take? 187) Take the medicine, and you'll be better. 188) Take these pills every four hours. 189) He is up and about now.
Shopping 190) May / Can I help you?
191) Are you looking for something particular? 192) We have a clearance sale today. 193) The price will go down.
194) I heard other stores were having great mark-downs on this item. 195) Please try it on.
196) I've seen this cheaper in other places. 197) Could you bring the price down? 198) That is a steal.
199) I'd buy this if it were cheaper. 200) It's a little overpriced.
201) Do you know what size you are? 202) I'm afraid we're out of that item. 203) I'm afraid we don't have it in stock. 204) Where is the men's shop? 205) Do you have this in stock7 206) Do you have this in blue?
207) How are you going to pay? Cash, check or charge. 208) How will you pay for this? 209) Cash back? 210) What a deal!
211) Bring your receipt to the customer service, and they will refund you. 212) Can you give the invoice?
Asking the Way 213) Excuse me, can you tell me the way to... ? 214) Could you tell me where I can find a hospital?
215) Sorry to trouble you, but can you direct me out of this building? 216) Which direction is it to... ?
217) Excuse me, is this the right way to... ?
218) Tell me, please, where is No.27 on this street? 219) Excuse me, how can I get to... ? 220) Excuse me, does this bus go to... ? 221) How long does it take to walk there? 222) How can I find... ?
Talking about the Weather 223) Have you heard the weather forecast? 224) What does the weather forecast say?
225) We'll have fine weather for the next few days. 226) What will it be after the clear weather? 227) It says a storm may come soon. 228) How long will this hot weather last? 229) I hope it stays nice for the whole month. 230) It's wonderful after the rain. 231) Autumn is the best season here.
232) It's hot like oven now in this part of the country.
233) The weather is terribly changeable at this time of the year.
234) We don't know what's going to be tomorrow until we listen to the latest weather report. 235) It has turned out to be a nice day. 236) It seems to be clearing up.
Advice and Suggestions 237) If I were you, I'd phone him now. 238) What do you think I should do? 239) I advise you to see a doctor. 240) I would try again if I were you.
241) You'd better go through your test paper again. 242) Should we go now?
243) What do you think I should do? 244) Why don't you go to bed earlier?
245) Don't you think it might be a good idea to have a picnic this weekend? 246) How about going to a concert? 247) I don't think it is very practical.
248) I recommend you to give up smoking.
249) May I suggest leaving a message with his secretary? 250) Isn't there anything else I could do?
Showing Attitude 251) It's cool! / Cool. 252) It is neat!
253) It is righteous! 254) That's great!
255) That' s incredible!
256) The house is gorgeous!
257) You are brilliant /great /terrific! 258) It is a terrific game.
259) I am sick and tired of doing homework. 260) The movie was a turn-off. 261) You scared me! 262) That' s so stupid ! 263) It's a piece of cake. 264) No ifs, or buts.
Expressing Anger 265) What do you think you are doing? 266) 1 simply can't bear to see her behavior. 267) I'm very annoyed at... 268) I'm fed up with...
269) That's what gets me down. 270) 1 will not put up with...
271) It makes me sick the way he laughs / speaks... 272) You're getting on my nerves. 273) I've had enough of you. 274) Who do you think you are? 275) It makes me sick!
276) I've had enough of your...
Expressing Disappointment 277) I'd expect it to be more exciting. 278) It wasn't as good as I'd expected.
279) Her performance could have been better. 280) I don't think much of the painting / story...
281) I was really looking forward to having a good time there. 282) That's a real let down.
283) I must say I had hoped for twelve percent discount at least. 284) I must admit I had expected you to tell me the truth. 285) I wish I'd realized it.
286) The story wasn't up to much. 287) I've never felt so let down before.
Expressing Complaint 288) I want to make a complaint about... 289) What's the point of talking about it? 290) I've just had enough of that! 291) She is all talking.
292) Couldn't you speak a bit slowly / turn down the radio a little bit? 293) I wish you would come here earlier next time. 294) You should have seen the mess.
Expressing Sympathy 295) I'm sorry to hear about it.
296) You must be feeling bad / terrible / awful about... 297) Don't take it too much to heart. 298) Don't let it get you down.
299) It's no use crying over spilt milk. 300) It could have happened to anybody. 301) You can't win them all the time. 302) You must be annoyed about...
303) I am deeply sorry to learn / hear about... 304) I do hope it's nothing serious. 305) What bad luck !
306) Is there any way I can help?
Expressing Encouragement 307) Come on, be a man!
308) That's better than I can do. 309) I believe you can improve it. 310) I think you should go ahead.
311) If at first you don't succeed, try, try, and try again. 312) You have my whole-hearted support. 313) There is no reason to feel discouraged.
314) The longest road must have an end. 315) Keep it up!
316) I’ll be always there for you!
Making a Request 317) I was wondering whether you could... 318) May I trouble you to (do)... ? 319) May I have the pleasure of... ? 320) Do you mind if I ...?
321) I'd appreciate it if you could help me with... 322) Do you think it would be possible to (do)... 323) Would you be so kind as to... ?
324) It would help me a great deal if you... 325) I'd be feeling grateful to you if you...
Expressing Surprise 326) My goodness! 327) That' s incredible ! 328) What a surprise!
329) I can't believe my eyes.
330) Wow! What a beautiful lake! 331) Good heavens!
332) How astonishing / amazing! 333) Who knows? God knows! 334) It's too good to be true!
335) Who could have thought /expected it!
Expressing Certainty or Uncertainty 336) Are you sure about... ?
337) Is there any doubt about... ? 338) I am sure about...
339) I am absolutely positive about... 340) I have no doubt about... 341) I'm quite convinced of ...
342) There is little doubt in my mind about... 343) There is no question about...
344) I'm a hundred percent certain about... 345) I really can't tell about... 346) I have no idea about...
347) There is surely some doubt about... 348) It's not likely that... 349) It's hard to say. 350) It's obvious that...
351) I' m certain / sure that..,
352) I couldn't say for certain, but I suspect that...
Agreeing and Disagreeing 353) Sure. / Absolutely. 354) You got it. 355) By all means. 356) That's true / right. 357) That's for sure.
358) I couldn't agree with you more.
359) I don't think so. 360) That's not right.
361) I couldn't disagree with you more. 362) That's out of the question. 363) You've got it all wrong.
364) I don't think you've got your facts straight. 365) Next time get the facts first. 366) Don't jump to conclusions.
长对话
1. 题型分析
长对话是大学英语四级考试新题型中一个新增题型，而且不少的考生以往的学习中对长对话的听力训练往往少于短对话，所以对于广大的考生来说，难度相对较大，应该给予足够的关注。
长对话听力理解部分一般有两篇，每个对话后有3到4个问题。一般对话的长度在两百多个字左右。问题采用多项选择的形式。对话的内容、题材的选取更具真实性，更具多样化，如欧美国家的政治、经济、文化、教育、社会问题及科普知识等等。出题的重点往往在于推理判断、辨认信息及总结中心思想等等。 请看样题中的一个长对话：
W. Hello, Gary. How're you? M: Fine! And yourself?
W. Can't complain. Did you have time to look at my proposal? M: No, not really. Can we go over it now?
W: Sure. I've been trying to come up with some new production and advertising strategies. First of all, if we want to stay competitive, we need to modernize our factory. New equipment should have been installed long ago. M: How much will that cost?
W: We have several options ranging from one hundred thousand dollars all the way up to half a million.
M: OK. We'll have to discuss these costs with finance.
W: We should also consider human resources. I've been talking to personnel as well as our staff at the factory.
M: And what's the picture?
W: We'll probably have to hire a couple of engineers to help us modernize the factory. M: What about advertising?
W: Marketing has some interesting ideas for television commercials.
M: TV? Isn't that a bit too expensive for us? what's wrong with advertising in the papers, as usual? W: Quite frankly, it's just not enough anymore. We need to be more aggressive in order to keep ahead of our competitors.
M: Will we be able to afford all this?
W: I’ll look into it, but I think higher costs will be justified. These investments will result in higher profits for our company.
M: We'll have to look at the figures more closely. Have finance draw up a budget for these investments.
W: All right. I'll see to it.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. What are the two speakers talking about?
A) The benefits of strong business competition. B) A proposal to lower the cost of production.
C) Complaints about the expense of modernization. D) Suggestions concerning new business strategies.
20. What does the woman say about the equipment of their factory?
A) It cost much more than its worth. B) It should be brought up-to-date. C) It calls for immediate repairs. D) It can still be used for a long time.
21. What does the woman suggest about human resources?
A) The personnel manager should be fired for inefficiency.
B) A few engineers should be employed to modernize the factory. C) The entire staff should be retrained.
D) Better-educated employees should be promoted. 22. Why does the woman suggest advertising on TV?
A) Their competitors have long been advertising on TV. B) TV commercials are less expensive.
C) Advertising in newspaper alone is sufficient. D) TV commercials attract more investments.
Key: 19. D 20. B 21. B 22. C
2. 解题技巧
对于长对话，广大考生首先要克服对这个全新题型的担心和忧虑。在充分准备的基础上，以一种放松的状态面对考试，做到排除杂念，沉着冷静，集中注意力，发挥出自己最好的水平。在平时的复习训练和考试时，应该注意： 1)精听和泛听的相结合。听力对话部分，有的题目是考察考生对对话整体意思和中心的把握，有的则是要求考生精确的听出某些人名、地名、年代、数据和一些重要的细节。所以考生应注意，既要注重对细节的把握，又不能“只见树木，不见森林”。
2)提高从上下文猜测词义的能力。对于大部分考生来说，听力对话部分会有一些生词，遇到这种情况，应该不要紧张，学会从上下文的相关信息中推断其意思。一般来说，如果这个词是关键词(keyword)，它往往会在篇章中反复出现。
3)善于从选项出发，预测问题。预测在听力理解中是一种非常重要的技巧。预测能帮助提高识别速度，而识别速度是听力理解的关键之一。考生要学会从卷面的题目选项预测对话的主题和可能提出的问题，提高解题的正确率。 4)注意分析对话的场景。任何对话都离不开具体的语言环境和在某种情景里必然要交流的信息。考生在听的过程中集中精力，对对话的场景进行推测和判断，提高对整体篇章的理解。 5)特别注意对话的言外之意。长对话中，有很多是含蓄性的试题，所以要求考生不仅要理解对话的表层意义，还需体会言外之意。
6)平时注意对英美文化背景的了解。在听力长对话中常常涉及到一些英美的历史、地理、文化、体育、风土人情、名人轶事以及科普知识等。因此考生平时就应注意扩大背景知识面并记住相关的词汇，这样在考试中，就可以利用自己这方面的知识和逻辑推理能力，根据所听到的内容，较有把握地做出正确的选择。 7)在选项中，正确选项往往是对原文相关内容的rephrasing或paraphrasing，主要测试的还是考生的语言能力，需要平时的积累。例如在上述长对话样题中，21题正确答案B)“A few engineers should be employed to modernize the factory.\"就是对原文中\" We'll probably have to hire a couple of engineers to help us modernize the factory.\"的paraphrasing。 同样的22题正确答案C)中的sufficient是对原文中\"it’s just not enough anymore”的“enough”的rephrasing。
短文听力
1. 题型分析
短文听力部分一般由三篇短篇材料组成，样题中每篇词数约在200、300词之间(比以往四级考试的文章略长)，其后有10道题，每篇材料有3—4题。短文只朗读一遍。短文材料的题
材较广，对学生的综合素质要求很高。主要的体裁有记叙文和说明文。小故事是较为常见的题材，比较有趣，浅显易懂。人物传记也属于记叙文，一般是对真人真事的记叙，大都是一些杰出的政治家、科学家的生平事迹和事业的成就。除此以外还有说明文，通常用来说明一些科普知识、生活常识、社会问题或风土人情等，其中每次考试一般都有一篇科普类短文。听力短文所用词汇一般不超出《大学英语课程教学要求(试行)》的范围。每段短文都集中一个主题，篇幅较长，但内容一般较为平铺直叙，很少拐弯抹角，因此只要加强训练，注重一定的答题技巧，这部分便能顺利通过。 2. 答题技巧 一、技巧概述
首先，考生要充分利用问题选项做好相关的必要的预测，包括短文的题材、体裁、话题以及各题的题型和可能的问题。此外选项中的内容必然以某种形式出现在短文中，考生通过这种预测，便能做好充分的心理准备，针对性的带着问题去听。如所听的材料是个小故事或人物传记，这类题材主要是对一些细节的考察，因此听的时候对文中所出现的时间、数字一定要特别敏感。 其次，要听懂主题句。这类问题主要是测试文章的中心思想，提问方式有What’s the main idea of the passage? What is the best title for the passage? What is the passage mainly about?等，做这类题时一定要注意集中精力听好短文的开头，因为主题句往往出现在段首，当然有时也会出现在段末，而不少考生由于仓促紧张，开头部分容易忽略。 第三，有些题要求对文章的信息能进行分析推断，才能做出正确的选择。提问的方式有what can be inferred from the passage? What does the speaker think about the problem? What is the speaker most concerned about?等，做这类题时一定要注意与短文内容一样的不是推断，而且一定要根据短文的观点而不是根据自己的观点来推断。
第四，要从语篇水平上去听和理解短文，不要纠缠个别生词。遇到生词应尽量根据上下文的关系去猜测其在短文中的大意。另外，考生要博览多学，积累知识。听力理解中的短文有些会涉及政治、经济、文化和科学等方面的知识，对这些知识的了解常常会有助于回答的问题。 二、如何进行预测
为了帮助大家掌握答题技巧，以便在乎时的训练与做题时培养好的做题习惯，下面举几个例子说明如何在答题前做好预测。
The following questions are based on the passage you have just heard. 1. A) A shirt. B) An alarm clock.
C) A woolen blanket. D) A suitcase. 2. A) Because he forgot one of his suitcases.
B) Because he was suspected of carrying something dangerous. C) Because he wanted to go out to smoke. D) Because he had lost his passport. 3. A) They felt surprised. B) They felt funny.
C) They felt curious D) They felt shocked.
当看到这样的选项时，考生可预测即将听到的短文是一个小故事，第一题可能涉及到一件物品，第二题可能问到发生事情的原因，第三题可能问文中人物的心情。带着这样的问题去听，考生就有一定的心理准备。当短文结束后听到提问时考生就能较容易地选出正确答案。 三个问题分别是：
1. What present did the woman buy for her sister?
2. Why did the woman get off the plane ten minutes later?
3. How did the two officials feel when they saw the contents of the suitcase?
短文一开始就说明了这个妇女为不同的人买的礼物；而二、三两题则在文章最后点明了。 When I placed the alarm clock on the table, the two officials looked at each other and smiled. Hearing the clock ticking away merrily, I suddenly understood. Someone must have heard the ticking noise coming from my suitcase and thought there was a time bomb hidden in it.
例子2 The following questions are based on the passage you have just heard. 1. A) To eat nothing. B) To work hard.
C) To have surgery. D) To cost a lot of money. 2. A) 30 million. B) 13 million.
C) 20 million. D) 70 million. 3. A) Bookstores are keeping their promises.
B) Diet books are not always effective. C) Diet books are usually helpful.
D) There are lots of ways of losing weight.
从以上的选项中特别是diet和losing weight这两个词中可以预测所听的短文内容可能是关于减肥。所以当听到第一个问题 “Which of the following is mentioned as a way of losing weight?”时很容易选出答案为C)，因为文中提到过，另外常理也告诉我们其他三项是错误的。第二题是数字题\"How many Americans weigh at least 20 percent more than their ideal weight?\"只要事先作了预测，听的过程中必然对数字非常敏感。第三题\"What can be inferred from the passage?\"是道推理题，根据文章最后一段Losing weight妇a hard work，but most people want to find a fast and easy way to take off fat．Bookstores sell lots of diet books．These books tell readers how to lose weight．Each year，dozens of new books like these are written．Each one promises to get rid of fat．答案应为B。这类题一定要根据短文的观点，切勿根据自己的观点来推断。
复合式听写
1. 题型分析
新题型中复合式听写成为了听力理解的必考题型，每次考试中都会出现。考生将听到一篇250字左右的短文，短文中有11个空要求考生补全，其中前8个空为单词填空，后3个空为句子填空。短文共朗读三遍，第一遍中间没有任何停顿；第二遍在单词填空部分也没有任何停顿，在句子填空部分则根据应填人内容的长短，每个空后面有大约70—100秒的停顿；第三遍朗读也不作任何停顿。单词填空部分要求考生填人所听到的原词；句子填空部分除填人所听到的原句之外，也可以根据句子的意思用自己的方式表达。
从考试委员会公布的样题来看，新题型中的复合式听写的难度比传统题型有了明显的提高。首先是单词填空的数量由原来的7个增加到了8个。更主要的是句子填空部分的长度有了较大的增加，样题中三个句子的平均长度为19.3个词，最长的空共21个词；而传统四级题型中最近一次出现复合式听写是在2005年1月，其中三个句子的平均长度为14个词，最长的一句共18个词。此外，样题中的短文体裁是一篇新闻通稿，而传统题型中的听写短文多为说明文(exposition)，大学非英语专业的学生对新闻体裁大都不熟悉。这些变化都对考生提出了新的挑战。 2. 答题技巧
复合式听写考察考生的语言综合能力，除了听的能力以外，还有拼写，语法，记录和书面表达等多方面的能力。因此考生在平时的英语学习中，应重视基本功的训练，比如对词汇的掌握不能仅仅只停留在阅读过程中能够知道词义，还要掌握正确的读音和拼写；在平常的英语学习中，要重视课文的朗读和背诵，培养自身的语感；在朗读和背诵的基础上，坚持做一些句子和段落的听写练习。这些对于复合式听写部分答题能力的提高，都是有直接帮助的。 复合式听写虽然对考生的能力要求较高，考的是“硬功夫”，但就题型本身而言，一篇短文读三遍，而且大部分文字已经提供，因此在临场技巧上还是有一些可以注意的地方。首先，考生应利用播放指令的时间(大约60秒左右)通读全文，了解文章的大意，这对后面听写句子时做出合理的推测是至关重要的。在第一遍朗读时，考生可重点完成单词听写部分，如果感到写的时间不够，可以先写下每个单词的前几个字母，到后面再来补足；第一遍朗读时建议不要急于做句子听写，还是要把注意力放在“听”上。尽量听懂句子的大意，如果没有听懂句子的大意，即使写出了几个支离破碎的单词，也是不能得分的。可以一边听一边读，将上下文中的关键词划出，这些词在要求听写的句子中很可能还会出现。第二遍朗读时考生应重点完成句子听写，此时还是要把句子大意放在第一位，如果不能将句子完整无缺的写下，可先尽量写出句子的主干部分，修饰性成分可到第三遍朗读时在添加。第三遍朗读时主要做一个查漏补缺的工作，尽量将句子和单词补全，此外还要仔细检查已写下的部分，重点放在拼写、名词单复数、动词时态等方面。
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容