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2022届高考英语一轮复习语法复习:冠词讲解及提升练习(有答案)

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高考语法复习:冠词讲解及巩固提升练习考点一:1.不定冠词的基本用法(1)用在可数名词单数前,泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。Itisgenerallyacceptedthataboymustlearntostandupandfightlikeaman.人们普遍认为男孩子必须学会像男人那样站起来战斗。(2)用在专有名词前表示“某一个”,相当于acertain。—Excuseme,wouldyoupleasegivetheiPadtoJohn?——打扰一下,请你把这个iPad给约翰好吗?—Sorry,butIdon'tthinkthere'saJohninourclass.——对不起,但是我认为在我们班里没有叫约翰的。(3)用在“be+of+a/an+名词”结构中,表示“同一,相同”时,相当于ofthesame+名词。Thetwoplantslookdifferent,buttheyareofakind(=ofthesamekind).这两种植物看上去不同,但属于同一类。2.不定冠词的活用(1)用于序数词前,表示“又一,再一”。Firstimpressionsarethemostlasting.Afterall,younevergetasecondchancetomakeafirstimpression.最初的印象最持久。毕竟,你不可能有机会给别人再留下一个第一印象。(2)不定冠词可以用于某些具体化的抽象名词前,常考的具体化的抽象名词:success,failure,surprise,pleasure,beauty,pity,danger,comfort,honour等。Beingabletoaffordadrinkwouldbeacomfortinthosetoughtimes.在艰苦的时期,能够买得起一杯饮料是一件令人感到欣慰的事。(3)有些不可数名词如knowledge,collection,understanding等后面加of...时,前面需用不定冠词a/an。havea(good)knowledgeof...“精通……”;havea(clear/good)understandingof...“了解……”。Ifyoudon'thaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish,it'soutofthequestionforyoutouseitflexiblyandfluently.如果你不精通英语,那么何谈灵活而流利地运用它呢!3.用于固定搭配中allofasudden突然地ataloss不知所措;困惑be/goonadiet节食makeafoolof愚弄makealiving谋生onceinawhile偶尔asamatteroffact事实上payavisitto参观;拜访givesb.alift让某人搭便车inahurry匆忙地awasteof...浪费keepaneyeon留意;留神haveagiftfor在……方面有天赋haveawordwith与……谈话inaway从某种意义上说asaresult/consequence因此考点二定冠词1.定冠词的基本用法(1)指双方都知道的人或物,或特指的人或物的名词前。IjustheardthebankwhereDoraworkswasrobbedbyagunmanwearingamask.我刚刚听说多拉工作的那家银行被一名持蒙面人抢劫了。(2)用于某些形容词或分词前,表示一类人。We'renotsayingthateveryoneneedstocontributetheirlivestothepoor.我们并不是说每个人都需要为穷人贡献自己的一切。(3)用于序数词、形容词、副词的最高级以及形容词only,very,same前,以及对两个人或物进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前。Asisknowntoall,thePeople'sRepublicofChinaisthebiggestdevelopingcountryintheworld.众所周知,中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。Thisbookisthebetteroneofthetwo.这本书是这两者中较好的那一本。[易错提醒]a与most连用,位于形容词前时,most是表示程度的副词,意为“非常”;the与most连用,位于形容词或副词前时,most是最高级的标志,意为“最……的”。(4)用于“by+the+表示计量单位的名词(day/hour/dozen等)”结构中,表示“按……计算”。但size,weight这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。Hewassurprisedtofindthatbooksaresoldbyweightinthisbookstore,thatis,bythekilogram.他惊奇地发现在这家书店书是按重量来卖,也就是说是按公斤来卖的。(5)用于“动词(hit,strike,pull,take等)+sb.+介词+the+表示身体部位的名词”结构中,其中的the不可用物主代词代替。hitsb.onthehead打某人的头pull/takesb.bythehand拉/抓住某人的手strikesb.intheface打某人的脸2.用于固定搭配中atthemoment此刻,目前intheway阻碍;挡路notintheleast一点也不bytheway顺便说一下inthedistance在远处theotherday几天之前onthecontrary与此相反;恰恰相反ontheotherhand另一方面tothepoint中肯;切题taketheplaceof代替gotothecinema/theater去看电影/戏剧inthehabitof有……的习惯makethemost/bestof充分利用totell(you)thetruth(跟你)说实话forthetimebeing暂时考点三零冠词[要点解读]1.零冠词的基本用法(1)用于不含普通名词的纯专有名词或表示泛指的抽象名词、物质名词、不可数名词或复数名词前。Humanlifeisregardedaspartofnatureand,assuch,theonlywayforustosurviveistoliveinharmonywithnature.人类生活被认为是自然的一部分,因此我们生存的唯一方式就是要与自然和谐相处。TheSmithsdon'tusuallylikestayingathotels,butlastsummertheyspentafewdaysataverynicehotelbythesea.史密斯夫妇通常不喜欢住旅馆,但去年夏天他们在海边的一个很舒适的旅馆住了几天。(2)名词前已有this,that,my,your,some,each,no,any等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词作定语时不用冠词。Eachstudentmusthandinhis(her)exercisebookbytheendofthisweek每个学生必须在本周末交作业本。.(3)表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补语时,其前通常用零冠词。Dr.PeterSpence,headmasteroftheschool,toldus,“AfifthofpupilsheregoontostudyatOxfordandCambridge.”这所学校的校长彼得·斯彭斯博士告诉我们说,“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习。”(4)用于表示无特指意义的季节、月份、日期、星期和三餐的名词,及球类、棋类和学科名词前。Ofallthesubjects,Ilikehistorybestbecauseitgivesusausefulknowledgeofthingsinthepast.在所有科目中,我最喜欢历史,因为我们可以从中了解许多过去的有益的知识。2.用于固定搭配中on/catchfire着火bychance/accident碰巧underrepair在维修中doharmto对……有害inplace在正确位置inreturn作为回报aheadoftime提前loseheart灰心atdawn/dusk/night在黎明/黄昏/夜晚makeroomfor为……让出空间3.有无冠词意义不同的搭配attable在吃饭atthetable在桌子旁inhospital住院inthehospital在医院里outofquestion毫无疑问outofthequestion不可能在语法填空中:atschool在上学attheschool在学校inchargeof掌管inthechargeof在……掌管之中bymistake错误地inhistory在历史上handinhand手拉手onpurpose故意地indanger在危险中atpresent目前inadvance提前outofcontrol失控1.观察空格后部分的中心词是否是名词或相当于名词的词或短语,因为冠词的作用通常就是用来修饰名词。2.准确理解语境,确定空格所填词表示泛指还是特指。3.理解空格所在句子的意义,分析所填词是否是冠词活用或固定用法。巩固提升:一、单项选择1.BeyondA./...thestarsthereisnothingbutB.the.../space.C./.../D.the...the2.Asanamateurartist,whovisitsgalleriesathomeandabroadon______regularbasis,heknowswelltoadmireoilpaintingmasterpiecesfrom______distance.A.a…theB.the…aC.the…theD.a…a3.Thekingofheartsistheonlyoneofthekingsinasetofplayingcardswho______mustache.A.doesn’thaveB.don’thaveC.doesn’thaveaD.don’thavea4.Firstimpressionsarethemostlasting.Afterall,youneverget______secondchancetomakeafirstimpression.A.aB.theC./D.one5.Lifeislikeanocean;only_______strong-willedcanreachtheothershore.A.aB.theC./D.that6.Additionally,China’stotalexpresswaycoveragereached136,400kilometersbytheendof2017,rankingfirstintheworld,covering97percentofcitieswith_____populationof200,000orabove.A.theB.aC.herD.its7.Asamatteroffact______,weraiseathomearecollectedfromthewildforest.A.mosttheplantsB.mostofplantsC.mostoftheplantsD.mostofplantnicedinner8.ItisacommonphenomenonthatsomestudentswillinvitetheirteacherstoaftertheyleaveA.a:aC.\\;aschoolB.the;theD.a;\\9.________goodknowledgeofseverallanguagesisessentialto________studyofcomparativeliteraturebecausewithoutitonecanreadbooksonlyintranslation.A.A…theB.A…/C.The…theD./…/10.Idon’tliketalkingon_____telephone,Ipreferwriting____letters.A.atheB.the/C.thetheD.a/11.Wehavenoextramoney.Soforthetimebeing,wecan’tmoveto______apartment.A.aniceB.thenicestC.anicerD.thenice12.—Didyouenjoythedramalastnight?—Yes.I’veneverseenA.themoreinspiringC.themostinspiringonebefore.B.amoreinspiringD.amostinspiring13.Therewas_______accidenthereyesterday.Acarhitatreeand_______driverwasbadlyinjured.A.an;anB.an;theC.a;aD.a;the14.Hemissed______goldinthehighjump,butwillget_____secondchanceinthelongjump.A.the;theB./;aC.the;aD.a;/15.Indiaattained________independencein1947,after________longstruggle.A.不填;aC.an;不填16.FourandB.the;aD.an;thehalfhoursofdiscussiontookusuptomidnight,andbreakforcheese,chocolateandteawithsugar.A.a;a17.SarahlookedatA.不填;a18.WhatIneedisA.a;不填B.the;thefinishedpaintingwithB.a;thebookthatcontainsB.the;不填C.不填;thesatisfaction.C.the;不填D.the;aD.a;不填ABCofoilpainting.C.the;anD.a;the答案:1.B2.D3.C4.A5.B6.B7.C8.D9.A10.B11.C12.B13.B14.C15.A16.A17.C18.D

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