阐述型议论文5层作文

【篇一：读写任务“阐述观点型”议论文】

读写任务“阐述观点型”议论文1

阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。 training course inspires childrens ingenuity (独创性)

a boy demonstrates（演示） his invention which can cut an apple into pieces in harbin, capital of northeast chinas

heilongjiang province, jan. 20, 2009. since a training course opened in november,2008 at the science palace in harbin, children have made more than 16 creations.

invention course has been widely promoted(发扬) in our

society. some people think it can help to stimulate(刺激; 激励) kids ability to learn, while some take the opposite side,

expressing their worries about distraction(精神涣散) from kids school studies.

as to the kids, most of them are interested in invention and can be inspired by their surroundings to make more inventions after taking the course. childrens ability to learn can also be strengthened(加强,增强) during their invention.

as to the parents, they dont concern much about kids interest and inspiration (灵感)in invention. some even ignore their guidance(指导) for the children. [写作内容]

①以约30个词概括上面的短文的内容要点；

②然后以约120个词写一篇以“儿童的创造发明能力“为题的议论文并包括以下要点：

(1)你认为是否应该培养儿童的创造发明能力； (2)你认为家长们应该怎么做。 [写作要求]

①你可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的观点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不要抄 袭阅读材料中的句子； ②标题自定。

一．阅读上面这篇文章，然后讨论如下几个问题： 1． 文章的类型：（议论文）

2． 这类文章的结构：（论点、论据、结论）

3． 概括这类文章大意的技巧：（段意合并法，抓中心句，关键词） 4.找出文章的中心句。（文章的每段首句）一般来说议论性文章的第一段均为主题段，每

段还有一个中心句，有关键词，把中心句意思串起来，就可以写出摘要。也可以用自己的

话表达中心句的意思。（写摘要不能抄袭原文，所以要学会自己重组语句）(本文的主题在第三段) .二．如何写作?

i.文章的类型：“阐述观点型”议论文

? 标题是段落中心思想的精练表达形式。根据所写短文的内容，概括出中心思想然后

加以提炼，拟定标题； ? 要注意以下要点： 1

? （1）位置：第一行的中部，如标题过长，就写成两行，第二行应比第一行短，写

在第一行下方的中部。

? （2）大写：题目中每个单词的首字母都大写，介词、连词和冠词（即虚词）通常

可不大写，例如：one day in the university life。但如标题中的介词是五个以

上字母构成的(如：through，between，above，beyond，against，among等)，这

个介词通常大写，例如：to learn english through reading.

? （3）符号：标题一般不用引号或括号；即使是完整的一句话，也不用句号，但可

以使用问号和感叹号。如：what a hero he was!／how do you like the film?

? （4）原则：标题是文章内容的集中与概括。要求：①准确②醒目③简练。 ? 例如

? is time more valuable than money ? on smoking(万能标题) ? how to make friends ? happiness

? is watching tv a good thing?

? my view on money / time / pollution(万能标题) my attitude toward building a car factory

Ⅱ. 摘要/概括：议论文的阅读短文,要尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。 可以这 样开头

1.the passage mainly tells us (talks about) … 2. we can know from the passage … 3. the writer states that…

e.g. the passage mainly tells us that reading can influence a person both positively and negatively.） i.文章的类型：阐述观点型

ii写作模板：1. 摘要（第一段）

2.正文①.（第二段） 由阅读材料引出观点.

②.（第三段）论证：递进阐述型（模版见下面）(正文第二段 、第三段也可合并 为一段)

③.（第四段）总结/结尾点题 “阐述观点型” 写作模板 模版一：

when it comes to(说到) the issue( 问题 )about… (主题)，i think that…（论 点）.

the reasons are obvious. for one thing,…（论据1）.for another,…（论据2）.last

but not least,…, （论据3）.

to sum up/ in conclusion/ in brief/ in a word/ all in all, we should…（总 结）

（注：模版句型例句when it comes to the topic about students’ smoking at school, i think that it happens from time to time. /when it comes to the issue about reading, i think that it really benefits me a lot.） 2

模版二：

can you imagine what the world would be if…(主题)? the answer is simple and

obvious. for my part,…（论点）.

on one hand, there is no denying the fact(无法否认)that…（论据）.because…

(正面分析).on the other hand, without…（反面分析）.

therefore, it goes without saying（不用说） that…(结论)或it is high time that… (结论).

( 注1：用第二个结论句型必须用虚拟语气。e.g. obviously, it is high time that we took /should take some measures to solve the problem.)（注2：模版句型例句

there is denying the fact that a good education is of vital（adj. 极为重要的）importance to a person．it goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours. 不用说，早睡早起是值得的） Ⅲ.本篇论述时借鉴模版，可从下面几点考虑：1.以 “儿童的创造发明能力” 为主题，

然后正面论述应该培养儿童的创造发明能力或提出反面观点 （正面论述可从以下几方面

考虑：1.可以培养儿童解决问题的能力；2.可以培养儿童提出新想法3.发明、创造、革新

是一个国家的基础）；家长们应该怎么做，可从以下几方面考虑：父母应鼓励孩子参加活

动，例如上发明课，看相关的电视节目，参观有关展览等。（注意：概括及议论部分动词一律用一般现在时） Ⅳ．参考词汇、句型

1. 创造性的能力：creative ability 2.发明课：invention course3.培养

develop/cultivate/train4.有创造力的，创造性的creative 5.解决问题：settle/solve the problem 6. 创造性的思想：creative thinking 7.想到发明come up with invention8.创造、发明和革新creation ， invention and innovation 9. 一个国家的基础the

foundation of a country10.创造性活动 creative activities 11.鼓励某人做某事：

encourage sb. to do sth.12.创造性活动 creative activities13.上发明课 take

invention course14.看相关的电视节目watch related tv programmes 15. 参观有关发

明和科技的展览visit exhibitions on inventions and new technology.

Ⅴ注意：在发表你的opinion之前要有过渡词或过渡句。常见的过渡句有：

1．表达自己的意见

in my opinion，…; as far as i am concerned, …; as for me,… 2．表示赞同

i agree with the statement that…; i fully support the statement above

because i am very sure…；i firmly support… 3．表示不赞同

i feel such an attitude is negative，and it can bring…;some people a rgue

as if it is a general truth that…; but to be frank, i cannot agree with them. Ⅵ.过渡词

1）first, second, third, last

2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally 3

3）the first, the second, the third, the last

4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly

5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐） 6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐）

7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐） 8）most important of all, moreover, finally

9）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况） 10）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况）

Ⅶ.关于段落划分 常见的，也是老师比较容易接受的结构安排是四段式（开头概括，中间两段，加总

结），中间写两段是为了清晰地向阅卷老师表明题目给你的要求你都写了。

Ⅷ.卷面书写

卷面书写给评卷老师的第一印象非常重要，也是作文能拿到高分的第一道门槛，

所谓 “印象分”。在高考作文备考过程中，要特别注意书写训练,切忌书写不清、

涂涂抹抹。具体要求如下：

（1）用纯黑色或颜色均匀的签字笔或钢笔；

（2）贴底线书写，保持字母大小基本一致，字母主体部分占行线约一半大小为宜；

（3）保持单词间距基本一致，一般为两个字母的位置；

（4）错词只用一条横线或斜线划掉，尽量不重复涂写同一字母或单词；

（5）每段前空格约4个字母的位置。 温馨提示：

写作模版及其他写作材料应该用好、保管好，他们是你今后写作复习的重要依据！ 4 5

【篇二：阐述说明型议论文】

阐述说明型议论文备课材料 一、导入部分

介绍本次课的主要内容：

复习辩论型议论文，学习阐述说明型议论文，课堂写作 二、复习辩论型议论文

1. 简单复习辩论型议论文的三段式

some people think/ believe / support / agree / favor…. others …

in my opinion…

2. 给出一个此类作文题目，如 should the spring festival gala be canceled?首先，给同学时间思考该文的结构，并设计每段的主题句，之后提问

其次，给同学时间思考正反两方的论点，每个观点找出3名同学回答，并以接龙的形式做口头作文。

3. 总结上次作文写作中出现的问题 三、新学习内容:

1. what is induction? 可参考教科书90页 (归纳法)induction a. the process of deriving general principles from particular facts or instances. b. a conclusion reached by this process.

c. the act or process of reasoning from a part to a whole, from particulars to generals, or from the individual to the universal; also, the result or inference so reached.

归纳法使一种逻辑推理方法，使用归纳法组织素材是从具体到抽象或从特殊到一般，由 特定的事实到结论的思维过程。通常需借助具体事例得出结论，即把具体的内容至于段落的前面，然后根据这些事实引伸出一个符合逻辑的结论。 例1：

there are four major ethnic groups in new york city: whiltes, blacks, indians and chicanos. in addition, some

neighborhoods have large japanese, jewish, chinese, vietnamese or korean populations. the city is a culturally diverse community. 2. what is deduction? (演绎法) deduction

a. the process of reasoning in which a conclusion follows necessarily from the stated premises; inference by reasoning from the general to the specific. b. a conclusion reached by this process.

c. that which is deduced or drawn from premises by a process of reasoning; an inference; a conclusion.

演绎法是与归纳法相对的另外一种逻辑推理方法，使从抽象到具体的思维过程。在使用演绎法组织文章时，把带有普通性或概括性的句子至于段首，即段首主题词。然后以此为依据，通过具体事实加以说明和推理论证。 例文2：

new york city is a culturally diverse community. there are four major ethnic groups in new york city: whiltes, blacks, indians and chicanos. in addition, some neighborhoods have large japanese, jewish, chinese, vietnamese or korean populations. 3. what is inductive and deductive essay? 阐述说明型议论文 参考教材319页

阐述说明型议论文是将议论和说明结合在一起进行阐述的一种议论文体，要求就某一问 题或现象，正面阐述自己的观点，并分析说明其理由，通常要用例证对其重要性、必要性、利弊关系或正误关系等进行论证说明，有时还需要提出解决问题的办法或建议。 归纳法三段式：

第一段：引入主题，介绍背景信息 第二段：对题目和提纲进行说明阐述 第三段：归纳主题，得出结论 演绎法三段式：

第一段：引入主题，介绍背景信息，提出要论证的观点 第二段：进行具体的说明和论证

第三段：再次提出和强调论点，与开首密切呼应 4 例文及模板 例文3：

演绎法 参见书上321页

good health (test for ma/ms candidates, 1996年题) 1. importance of good health 2. ways to keep fit 3. my own practices

the desire for good health is universal. in our competitive society it is important to maintain good health. on the one hand, people with good health can do work with full

confidence and their progress in work in turn contributes to their health and happiness. on the other hand, a sick person is usually not interested in everything around him and therefore he loses many opportunities to become successful.

there are many ways to keep it. first, those who are always on the go from morning till night should find time to relax because too much stress will affect their health. second, enough time should be left for sleep because that will help one become

rested and refreshed. finally, regular physical exercises benefit ones health a lot. so one should always keep in mind that a certain amount of exercise is not a waste of time.

as for me, i like playing tennis in the morning. i also attach much importance to enough sleep and relaxation. i believe this will ensure my good health for the rest of my life. 例文4：

归纳法 参见书上321页 no pains, no gains 1. introduce the topic

2. use examples to support the point 3. draw a conclusion many people admire the successful achievements of other people and wish to accomplish the same. however, not many people are aware of what is often behind others’ fame and success.

for a champion athlete, all the success of a ballet dancer is preceded by many years of hard training and much self-discipline. a scientist may be famous for creating a new

invention, highly rewarded and praised for it. however, nobody can imagine how many sleepless nights he spent doing experiments in his laboratory, and how many holidays he missed engaged in his research. only the scientist himself knows the true meaning of reputation, reward and praise.

just as the proverb goes, “no pains, no gains.” the experience of pain may be a prelude to success which is to be achieved through a person’s unswerving determination and uemitting efforts. 模板一

it pays to be honest

it is true that most of us value honesty highly. however, nowadays we often confront confidence crisis such as

cheating, overcharging, fake commodities, etc. i think that we should be honest because being honest is not only the whole society. the reasons can be listed as follows.firstly, only honest people can be truly respected by the others and can make more friends over a long period of time. secondly,

honesty, which is the traditional virtue of the chinese people, can make our life easier and more harmonious. for example, consumers will not be afraid of being overcharged if dealers are honest, and on the contrary dealers can win more

customers. thirdly, honesty can make our society. a case in point is that singapore which is a society of trustworthiness and integrity has a comparatively low criminal rate.

it goes without saying that being honesty is of benefit to both the same and the individual. there is no doubt that we should foster the spirit of honesty. in conclusion, laying stress on honesty will become the public morals in our society. 2.模板二 it pays to be honest

some people believe that many dishonesties, such as

cheating, overcharging, fake commodities, etc. ruin our normal life, and they maintain that being honest is not only beneficial to others but also to oneself. the truth is deep and profound. as we know, if one is honest, other people will deeply respect him or her, and are willing to make friends with him or her. in addition, being honest can make people’s life easier and more harmonious.

there are numerous examples supporting the argument. a case in point is that singapore which is a society of

trustworthiness and integrity has a comparatively low criminal

rate. this is close to suggest that honesty can make our society more stable, and all people can live a peaceful life there. for another example, buyers usually like to make a deal with the dealers they trust. moreover, the dealer, such as tongrentang herbal medicine shop which runs business

honestly is more likely survive the fierce market competition. all mentioned above tell us that it is high time that we took action to fight against dishonesty. but one thing we have to notice is that sometimes we need white lies to comfort the

patients who have suffered serious illness. in short, we should let the dishonesty have no place to stay in our society. 5.句型： 开篇

1. recently, the problem of … has aroused people’s concern. 最近,…问题已引起人们的关注. 2. nowadays, (overpopulation) has become a problem we have to face.

如今,(人口过剩)已成为我们不得不面对的问题了.3. it is commonly believed that… / it is a common belief that… 人们一般认为…4. many people insist that… 很多人坚持认为… 结尾

1. taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that… 把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论…

2. taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that…

考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论…3.

hence/therefore, we’d better come to the conclusion that… 因此,我们最好得出这样的结论…

4. there is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits.

毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点.

5. all in all, we cannot live without… but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to

cope with the problems that would arise.

总之,我们没有…是无法生活的.但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题. 提出建议:

it is high time that we put an end to the (trend). 该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了.

it is time to take the advice of … and to put special emphasis on the improvement of …该是采纳…的建议,并对…的进展给予特殊重视的时候了.

there is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of …毫无疑问,对…问题应予以足够的重视.

obviously,…. if we want to do something… , it is essential that…显然,如果我们想做某事,很重要的是…

only in this way can we… 只有这样,我们才能… it must be realized that… 我们必须意识到… 四、当堂练习：

a. every coin has two sides. 归纳型1) 给出成语的定义2) 举例说明论证

3) 结论/总结

b. on doing part time jobs 归纳型

1) 很多大学生都希望在读大学期间有份兼职工作2）做兼职工作可能带来的好处3）结论

c. on happiness 演绎型1) 快乐的人生是很重要的2）如何保持快乐3）我的做法

d. industry is the parents of success

【篇三：高考议论文“五段三论式”写作模式初探】

高考议论文“五段三论式” 写作模式初探 殷喜来

【摘 要】写高考议论文,应当熟悉几种议论文模式,供考场写作时借鉴参照。“‘五段三论’,主论‘三分’”是写作规范议论文的一种基本模式。 【关键词】高考议论文 写作模式 写作要诀

眼中有样,写作不慌;心中有型,写作就赢。朱熹说过:“古人作文作诗,多是模仿前人而作之。盖学之既久,自然纯熟。”借鉴和模仿比较成熟的作文范型,是重要的写作方法,也是创新作文的基础。因此,写高考议论文,应当熟悉几种议论文模式,供考场写作时借鉴参照。“‘五段三论’,主论‘三分’”是写作规范议论文的一种基本模式。 [范例展示] 熟悉

心理学上有个理论,人对未知具有天生的恐惧,随着对未知事物熟悉程度的加深,恐惧会逐渐下降。熟悉,让人感到安全。 [概述生活常识或生活现象,以引出论题或论点。]

但是,熟悉往往也预示着危险。 [反向立意,确立中心论点。]

熟悉是一种危险,因为它往往让人失去警惕。小时候喜欢游泳,自恃水性还不错。但是家人从来不准我私自下河游泳,说“淹死的都是

会水的”。我不以为然。有一次去虹口,来到河边玩水,我自恃水性好,熟悉,便想下河一试。没想到刚一下水,就发现河中看似平静的水面下竟湍急异常,一不留神就被冲倒了,转眼就被冲走十多米。所幸在河道拐弯处被一位游客拉上来才没葬身江底。上岸后,惊魂甫定的我想起家人的话,一阵彻骨的寒意袭上心头。熟悉,让人失去警惕,陷于危险的境地。

[从“为什么”的角度,由中心论点引出分论点。按照完全段的要求展开论述:分论点+自身经历+结论。]

熟悉是一种危险,因为它往往让人失去冷静。前秦国主苻坚在建国之时,与前凉、前燕等国展开了旷日持久的战争,一生可谓戎马倥偬,并最终取得胜利。当全国只剩下偏安一隅的东晋未统一时,他以为自己久娴战阵,对征战之事无比熟悉,便不顾东晋君臣团结的事实,不听自己群臣的谏诤,执意发动对晋作战。在战争中,又自以为勇猛过人,恃勇轻进,不等后方几十万集结就率领先锋八万余人进逼淝水,结果大败而还。熟悉,让人失去冷静,最终导致失败。

[确立分论点二,按完全段的要求,引用历史故事展开论述。] 熟悉是一种危险,因为它往往让人陷入思维定式。物理学家泊松主要研究光的本质,支持“粒子说”。他做了各种各样的光学实验无数次,自以为已熟悉所有的试验结果。当青年科学家菲涅耳提出验证光的波动性的一种方法时,泊松通过计算表明光在通过圆形障碍物时会在阴影中心出现亮斑,他立刻想到自己曾做过的实验没有亮斑出现,于是撰文对菲涅耳大加嘲笑,认为其理论荒谬。但是菲涅耳在竞赛的关

键时刻,通过最新的观察手段观察到了那个亮斑,证实泊松错误!最终竞赛以“波动说”胜利而告终,而那个亮斑被人们称为“泊松亮斑”,以此嘲笑泊松的自负。熟悉,让人陷入思维定式,不能发现真理。

[确立分论点三,按完全段的要求,引用科学研究故事展开论述。] 当我们在感受着熟悉给我们带来的安全感和方便时,同时也要想想,这些“熟悉”有没有让我们失去警惕,有没有让我们失去冷静,有没有让我们陷入思维定式。只有处理好这些问题,我们才能获得成功。

[结论段总结上文论述,向人们提出告诫,照应开头部分的中心论点。]

[评点剖析]这篇作文有三个亮点。一是观点新。“熟悉是一种危险”,立意角度有新意,让人眼前一亮。二是思路明。三个分论点紧扣中心,思路清楚,主旨突出。三是材料新。三个材料分别取自生活、历史、科学,具有典型性。我们把这样的议论文归结为“‘五段三论’,主论‘三分’”或者叫“五段三论+1式”。“五段”就是文章写足五段(也可超过五段,但仍为五部分);“三论”既指全文分引论、本论、结论三大部分,又指本论部分主要论述段分立三个分论点,每一个分论点展开论述分起始、展开和终结三部分。本论部分的这一特点又称为“主论三分法”。“+1”指主体三论之后还可以加一个“当然”段。 “五段三论式”要点如下:

首段:引论,针对生活现象、作文材料,引出论题或论点;或者针对论题,在介绍论题含义的基础上引出论点。这里,生活现象与作文材料概述要简练,突出要点。同时,概述生活现象、材料,要有过渡句,然后再引 出论点。过渡一般有三个方向:对概述材料的分析肯定,正面引出论点;对概述材料的分析否定,从反面引出论点;对材料分析后换一个角度引出新的观点。

中间三段:本论,全文的论述主体。首先围绕中心论点确立几个分论点,一般是三个分论点。一般有三种方法:一是分解中心论点或中心论题,构成总分关系;二是多层次、多侧面设计问题,使中心论点具体化、立体化,一般从概念内涵、条件、原因的角度设问,或通过假设设问;三是逐层深入设计问题,或围绕“是什么”、“为什么”、“怎么样”三个问题来确定分论点,或从时间先后或依人的认识过程来确定分论点。

确立了分论点,以分论点引领主论的每一段。每一段应包括三个论述层次:起始部分,摆出本段分论点(也可以是某一角度的论题),称为“段首中心句”;展开部分,围绕中心句提供事例论据或道理论据;终结部分,对论据进行分析并得出结论。具有三部分的论述段,我们称之为“完全段”。

“当然”段:以“当然”领起,或者论述论点的另一方面,或者辨析表面相似概念内涵的区别,使全文论述显得辩证。这一段可有可无,看中心论点和论述而定;文字要简短,两三句话即可。

结尾段:结论,或总结上文,突出中心论点;或提出希望,给人启发、鼓励;或发出号召,抒发感叹,感染读者。

这一模式的本论三段可灵活运用,一是三段内容上可以并列,可以递进,也可以正反对照;二是三段的前两段尽量运用完全段,按“起始、

展开、终结”来写,后一段可以议论分析或概括举例,写成不完全段。 “五段三论”模式结构:

引论段:或开门见山解释概念,提出论点;或概述现象、事实,引出论题;或引述前人观点、别人看法、材料观点要点,从而引出自己的观点。 论述段1:分论点1+论述(因果或事例)+结论(完全段,正面) 论述段2:分论点2+论述(名言加列举)+结论(完全段,正面)

论述段3:分论点3+论述(事例加分析)(可以不完全段,可以反面) (“当然”段:针对论点,从另一方面说,简要进行辩证论述。) 结论段:或总结上文,突出中心论点;或指出希望,给人启发、鼓励;或发出号召,抒发感叹,感染读者。引论段要精彩,结尾段要有力。 如果引论段及论点包含两方面观点,论述段1与论述段2是相对照的两部分,可以省略论述段3。

“五段三论”议论文写作中要特别重视三点:

①论点包括分论点正确鲜明:具有针对性,表明自己对现象与问题的见解和认识,对论题的判断或推断。分论点指向中心论点。 ②论据典型:观点与材料一致,有说服力。

③议论突出:在论点表述、论据叙述和论据分析表达三个方面都要体现出议论的意味。