高考英语阅读理解和任务型阅读课堂综合练习十

一、 阅读理解：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

A

A punctual person is in the habit of doing a thing at the proper time and is never late in keeping an appointment.

The unpunctual man, on one hand, never does what he has to do at the proper time. He is always in a hurry and in the end loses both time and his good name. A lost thing may be found again, but lost time can never be regained. Time is more valuable than material things. In fact, time is life itself. The unpunctual man is for ever wasting and mismanaging his most valuable asset (财产) as well as other’s. The unpunctual person is always complaining that he finds no time to answer letters, or return calls or keep appointments promptly. But the man who really has a great deal to do is very careful of his time and seldom complains of want of it. He knows that he can not get through his huge amount of work unless he faithfully keeps every piece of work when it has to be attended to.

Failure to be punctual in keeping one’s appointments is the sign of disrespect towards others. If a person is invited to dinner and arrives later than the appointed time, he keeps all the other guests waiting for him. Usually this will be regarded as a great disrespect to the host and all other guests present.

Unpunctuality, moreover, is very harmful when it comes to do one’s duty, whether public or private. Imagine how it would be if those who are put in charge of important tasks failed to be at their proper place at the appointed time. A man who is known to be habitually unpunctual is never trusted by his friends or fellow men.

1. What does the author think is the main difference between a punctual person and an unpunctual person?

A. A punctual person does everything ahead of time while an unpunctual person does everything behind schedule.

B. A punctual person does everything at the right time while an unpunctual person seldom does anything at the correct time.

C. A punctual person has a lot of appointments while an unpunctual person has few appointments.

D. A punctual person has much time to do everything while an unpunctual person has little time to do anything.

2. According to the passage, the main reason that a person is always unpunctual is that _______.

A. he has more work to do than other people B. he is always in a hurry when he works C. he doesn’t care much about time

D. he always mismanages and wastes his time

3. According to the third paragraph, when you are invited to dinner, you should arrive there _______.

A. after other guests have arrived

B. before all other guests C. at the appointed time

D. after the host has got things ready

4. Which of the following statements best describes the harm of unpunctuality? A. If you are an unpunctual person, you cannot be in charge of any important task. B. If your friends know that you are unpunctual, they may not see you again. C. Unpunctuality may bring about heavy losses for both public and private affairs. D. Unpunctuality may make you miss a lot of appointments and lose friends.

B

Five years ago, David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. “I was a clothes addict,” he jokes. “I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled.” Today David wears casual clothes-khaki pants and sports shirt-to the office. He hardly ever wears a necktie. “I’m working harder than ever,” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.”

More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work in the United States. The change from formal to casual office wear has been gradual. In the early 1990s, many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday(but only on Friday). This became known as “dress-down Friday” of “casual Friday”. “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” said business consultant Maisly Jones.

Why have so many companies started allowing their employees to wear casual clothes? One reason is that it’s easier for a company to attract new employees if it has a casual dress code. “A lot of young people don’t want to dress up for work,” says the owner of a software company, “so it’s hard to hire people if you have a conservative dress code.” Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes. In a study conducted by Levi Strauss and Company, 85 percent of employers said that they believe that casual dress improves employee morale. Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative impact on productivity. Supporters of casual office wear also argue that a casual dress code helps them save money. “Suits are expensive, if you have to wear one every day,” one person said. “For the same amount of money, you can buy a lot more casual clothes.”

5. David Smith refers to himself as having been “a clothes addict,” because _______.

A. he often wore khaki pants and a sports shirt B. he couldn’t stand a clean appearance

C. he wanted his clothes to look neat all the time D. he didn’t want to spend much money on clothes 6. David Smith wears casual clothes now, because _______.

A. they make him feel at ease when working B. he cannot afford to buy expensive clothes C. he looks handsome in casual clothes D. he no longer works for any company

7. According to this passage, which of the following statements is false?

A. Many employees don’t like a conservative dress code. B. Comfortable clothes make employees more productive. C. A casual clothes code is welcomed by young employees. D. All the employers in the U. S. are for casual office wear. 8. According to this passage, which of the following statements is true?

A. Company workers started to dress down about twenty years ago. B. Dress-down has become an everyday phenomenon since the early 1990s. C. “Dress-down Friday” was first given as a favor from employers. D. Many workers want to wear casual clothes to impress people.

9. In this passage, the following advantages of casual office wear are mentioned in the passage except _______. A. saving employees’ money

B. making employees more attractive C. improving employees’ motivation D. making employees happier

C

Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human conditions is our possibility to give and receive support from one another under stressful(有压力的) conditions. Social support makes up of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to deal with major life changes and daily problems. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over types of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, show that the presence of social support helps people defend themselves against illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.

Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others in spite of our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Taking part in free-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting(转移注意力) us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support — money aid, material resources, and needed services — that reduces stress by helping us resolve and deal with our problems.

10. Interpersonal relationships are important because they can _______.

A. make people live more easily B. smooth away daily problems C. deal with life changes D. cure types of illnesses

11. The researches show that people's physical and mental health _______.

A. lies in the social medical care systems which support them B. has much to do with the amount of support they get from others C. depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles D. is related to their courage for dealing with major life changes

12. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “cushions” ?

A. takes place of

B. makes up of

D. gets rid of

C. lessens the effect of

13. Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work in spare time is an example of _______.

A. instrumental support C. social companionship

B. informational support

D. the strengthening of self-respect

14. What is the subject discussed in the text? A. Interpersonal relationships. C. Ways to deal with stress.

B. Kinds of social support.

D. Effects of stressful conditions. D

LONDON — Life for Cathy Hagner and her three children is set to permanent(永久的) fast-forward.

Their full school day and her job as a lawyer's assistant are busy enough. But Hanger also has to take the two boys to soccer or hockey or basketball while dropping off her daughter at piano lessons or Girl Scout Club.

Often, the exhausted family doesn't get home until 7 pm. There is just time for a quick supper before homework. In today's world, middle-class American and British parents treat their children as if they are competitors racing for some finishing line.

Parents take their children from activity to activity in order to make their future bright. It seems that raising a genius has become a more important goal than raising a happy and well-balanced child.

“Doctors across the country are reporting a growing number of children suffering from stomachaches and headaches due to exhaustion and stress,” says child expert William Doherty of the University of Minnesota.

Teachers are dealing with exhausted kids in the classroom. It's a very serious problem. Many children attend after-school clubs by necessity. But competitive pressures also create an explosion of activities. They include sports, language, music and math classes for children as young as four.

“There is a new parenting trend(趋势) under way which says that you have to tap all your child’s potential(潜能) at a young age; otherwise you will let him down,” says Terry Apter, a Cambridge-based child and adolescent psychiatrist(青少年精神病专家).

“It isn't entirely new： there have always been pushy parents. But what was previously(以前) seen as strange behavior is now well accepted.”

15. From the second paragraph of this passage we can find that _______.

A. Hagner wastes much time helping her children's lessons B. Hagner doesn't spend much time on her full-time job C. Hagner is interested in sports and music D. Hagner busies herself by following a trend

16. British parents, as the writer described in this passage, _______.

A. treat their children as sports players B. pay no attention to their children's lessons C. bring up their children in a simple way

D. give their children little time to develop freely

17. The writer's opinion about after-school clubs is that ________.

A. activities in the country are too competitive B. children should attend four clubs at a time C. some clubs result in competitive pressures

D. clubs should have more subjects for school children 18. The last paragraph tells us that in Britain _______.

A. parents used to take their children to every club B. parents used to be wise on how to raise children C. parents have all benefited from children’s clubs D. parents have come to know the standard of education 二. 任务型阅读

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。 注意：每空格1个单词。

任务型阅读2010--007 Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.

The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situation—for example, family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year.

The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic（the opposite of “temporary”）usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.

Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person’s social contacts, for example, friends, family members, co-workers, etc. we depend on

various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their popularity.

Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons： they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness as heart disease, while temporary and situational loneliness can be a sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.

Loneliness and Disease

The most common type is 2 . It disappears quickly and 3 no Three different types _1_ special attention. The second type is situation, which usually lasts for 4 than a of year. The third kind is chronic, which means if people experience habitual loneliness, they’ll have problems 5 with others With the help of 6 , we know a person’s social contact is one An important factor loneliness important factor. We depend on a wide 7 of people for different reasons. For in instance, our families give us emotional support. 8 people may have many social contacts, but they sometimes feel they should have more. The reasons One is that they are unhappy and unable to socialize. for finding ways to help The 9 reason is that temporary and situational loneliness can the lonely be a 10 condition, sometimes dangerous too. people

一、 阅读理解：

A【答案与解析】本文论述了守时的重要性。

1. B。推断题。根据文章第 1 段及第 2 段第 1 句可推知此题答案为 B。

2. D。推断题。根据文章第2段第5句 The unpunctual man is for ever wasting and

mismanaging his most valuable asset (财产) as well as other’s 可推知此题答案为 D。

3. C。推断题。根据文章第 3 段第 1 句 Failure to be punctual in keeping one’s appointments is sign of disrespect towards others 及后面的内容可推知此题答案为 C。

4. C。推断题。根据文章最后一段可推知此题答案为 C。

B【答案与解释】从20世纪90年代起，美国很多公司开始允许员工星期五能够不统一着装上班。现在越来越多的公司许可领员工穿便装上班了，这对调节他们的心情，调动其工作热情有一定的作用。

5. C。语义理解题。大卫自嘲以前是服装爱好者，衣服一起皱，他就得换上备穿的服装。 6. A。语义理解题。从第 1 段最后一句话 “I’m working harder than ever,” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.” 可找到答案。

7. D。细节判断题。根据最后一段中的 Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative impact on productivity 可知还有一些雇主不赞同穿便装上班。 8. C。细节判断题。从第 2 段最后 1 句 “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” 能够做出准确判断。 9. B。推断题。通读最后一段可知选项A(为雇员省钱)、B(提升雇员的工作热情)、D(使雇主高兴)在原文中均被提到，只有A未被提到。

C【答案与解释】现代社会中的人们各方面的压力很大，所以融洽的人际关系显得很重要。它能够缓解部分压力，增加信息，协助解决一些日常困难。

10. A。主旨题。虽然选项B、C、D的内容在文章中都谈到了，但选项A更全面。另一方面，

根据文章第1段的第1句也可推知答案为A。

11. B。判断题。从第 1 段的最后一句话能够做出准确判断。

12. C。语义猜测题。文章第2段告诉我们人与人之间互相支持和协助能够从几个方面缓解人的压力。注意文章最后一句中的 reduce 与选项C中的 lessen 大致同义。 13. C。细节题。从文章第 2 段内容，采用排除法，能够得知答案为 C。 14. A。主旨题。通读全文可知答案。

D【答案与解析】现在的英、美中产家庭的父母亲让孩子们参加各种课外俱乐部，学习体育、语言、音乐、数学等，把孩子们变成了学习的机器。

15. D。语义理解题。因为第 2 段就是第 1 段内容的具体化。

16. D。判断题。从文章内容能够看出，在英国，孩子们在学校已经够累了，回到家里，父母亲还要他们参加课外俱乐部的一个又一个活动，孩子们自己发展的空间当然没有了。 17. C。判断题。第 6 段第 4 句话 But competitive pressures also create an explosion of activities 把俱乐部不好的作用讲得清楚明了。

18. B。判断题。从本段第 2 句话 But what was previously(以前) seen as strange behavior is now well accepted 能够判断出，在英国，过去家长们是知道怎样教育孩子们的。

二. 任务型阅读

1. loneliness 2. temporary 3. requires/needs 4. less 5. socializing 6. psychologists 7. variety 8. Lonely 9. other 10. sad