高级口译11-15单元

来源：爱go旅游网

Unit Eleven Catering Culture 饮食文化 (1)我国悠久的历史.广褒的国土.与世界各国和海外文化的广泛接触，孕育中餐烹饪的独特艺术。中国有一句古话至今还广为流传，叫做―民以食为天‖。

几千年的推陈出新和不断累积，使中餐受到越来越多的海外人士的青睐，成了我国对外文化交流的一个友好使者。

(2)现代中国已享有―烹饪王国‖之美誉，精致的烹调艺术盛行全球，中餐烹饪已名列世界顶尖菜系之林。中餐烹调所用的天然配料，品种繁多，几无穷尽；烹调方法，亦层出不穷，不可悉数。这些无与伦比的中餐烹饪特点，足说明中餐馆及中餐烹调之所以名扬海外的缘由。

(1)China‘s long history, vast territory and extensive contact with other nations and cultures have given birth to t distinctive art of Chinese Culinary(中餐烹调).

An ancient Chinese saying, still pop today, ―Food is t paramount necessity of t people.‖ With several thousand years of creative and accumulative efforts,

t Chinese cuisine has become increasingly popular among M&M overseas gourmets, serving as an envoy of friendship in China‘s external cultural exchanges. (2)Modern China enjoys a WW reputation as t ―kingdom of cuisine‖, t exquisite Chinese Culinary Art，has prevailed all over t world and regarded indisputably as one of t world‘s finest culinary traditions,

T nearly endless variety o natural ingredients & methods of preparation employed in Chinese cuisine stand out unequaled elsewhere in t world, which may very well account for t universal popularity of Chinese restaurants and Chinese cooking overseas. (3)评判中餐烹调的优劣可依据中餐的三大要素，即―色香味‖。

―色‖作为―色香味‖三要素中的首要标准，充分体现在宴会菜肴的装盘.摆放和图案上。最能显示色彩的是首先上桌的那道煞费苦心而精心制作的冷盘。

―香‖不仅是指鼻子对食物的直接感受，它还包括所选原料的新鲜程度以及佐料的合理调配。 ―味‖则体现恰到好处的调味艺术，当然它也包括食物的质地，及切菜的刀工。

色香味三要素高品质，只有通过选料.调料.适时烹调.把握火候.装盘上桌微妙步骤细心协调才能取得. 8人一桌标准晚餐含四道冷盘.四道热炒，外加汤和米饭。外国宾客见之，常常惊叹不已，将其视为一次丰盛晚宴。

(3)T 3 essential elements,by which CCg is judged r known as ―color, aroma & taste‖.

T ―color‖ of Chinese food, t first o these elements which is so evident in a Chinese banquet, includes t layout & design of dishes.

Best exemplified by t large elaborately-prepared cold dish served at t beginning of t dinner. ―Aroma‖implies more than what one‘s nose can detect directly;

it also includes t freshness of t raw materials and t blending of seasonings.

―Taste‖ is t art o proper seasoning,it also involves t texture o food & fine slicing techniques. These 3 essential elements, color, aroma, taste,

are achieved by t careful coordination of a series of delicate steps:

selecting ingredients, mixing flavor, timing the cooking, controlling the heat and finally, laying out the food on t plate for t table.

Visitors to China are often surprised when a typical dinner for a table of 8 people consists of 4 courses of cold dishes, 4 courses of hot dishes, coupled with soup & steamed rice; they consider this a lavish spread.

(4)但在中国人眼里，以这种规格的晚餐招待宾客，只是一种起码的标准。准备 10 道份量适中的菜肴并不为过，即使献上 16道菜，亦不足为奇。在中国，一桌标准宴席包括4至8个事先制作好的冷盘，八道现做的热炒。两道观赏性大菜（如全鱼.乳猪.全鸡等），此外还有汤.米饭和点心。晚宴结束前还有一道水果。来华访问的海外宾客应记住，赴宴不可贪吃，每道菜―浅尝辄止‖。

从此角度，中国宴席犹如西方国家的冷餐招待会。

(5)中国宴席餐桌上的酒通常为啤酒.黄酒和烈性白酒三种。人们往往以―干杯‖的方式互相敬酒。

干杯意思是一口喝干杯中酒。―干‖了―杯‖中的酒，可以表示心诚和欢乐。当然，外国宾客与中国东道主敬酒时，小啜一口也未尝不可。

(4)But in t Chinese mind, a dinner prepared as above for guests is t minimum requirement. 10 courses of dishes, not necessarily prepared in huge quantities, would not be considered excessive, and few people would blink at 16.

A standard banquet will consist of 4 to 8 prepared cold dishes, 8 hot dishes served one at a time, two whole-size showpiece dishes (such as a whole fish, a suckling pig or a chicken), in addition to soups, steamed rice and pastries. The dinner finishes up with fruit.

Overseas visitors should remember that it is often unnecessary to eat more than a single mouthful of a dish at a Chinese banquet.

In this way, a Chinese banquet takes on the character of a western buffet reception. (5)Often beer, yellow rice wine & strong white liquor are served at a Chinese banquet. People at a table will usually ―Gan Bei‖ when toasting each other.

―GB‖ means to raise up 1‘s WG & drink it all t way down so t glass is ―dried up to t last drop‖. People dry up their glasses to communicate message to others that they are sincere & joyful. It is quite acceptable for a foreign guest to take a sip instead of emptying the glass when toasting with his or her Chinese host. (6)但中国普通家餐却完全不同于宴席。

成年人平时在家就餐时，通常只吃两小碗米饭，或一大碗面条，或几只馒头，外加几个荤素炒菜，而非以菜为主，以米饭或面食为辅。

对大多数中国人说，一餐饭中所摄取热量有75%来自谷粮。

(7)世代相袭传统，中国人就餐围桌而坐，人人手里一碗主食，炒菜放在桌子，大家一起食用。这一古老风俗习惯反映食物在中华文明史上的重要地位：

占据餐桌中心位置是炒菜，而不是鲜花，晚餐的主要话题常常是食物。

菜肴的各种色彩和材料搭配，给人以美享受，共食一碗菜的习俗有助于家庭成员之间的团结和友谊。当然在一些卫生意识较强地方，人们在共食放在餐桌的菜肴时，必须使用―公筷‖或―公用‖汤匙，以防疾病传染。

(6) HE, an average Chinese HM is quite dif in composition from a Chinese banquet. At an everyday HM, an adult may consume 2 small bowls of steamed rice, or a large bowel of noodles, or several pieces of steamed bread,

accompanied by several meat or vegetable dishes，but not t other way round.

For most Chinese, about 75% of an average HM‘s calories come from grain sources. (7)Traditionally, at t Chinese dining table everyone has his or her own bowl of staple food, that is, steamed rice, noodles or steamed bread,

while t dishes are placed in t middle of t dinning table to be shared by all.

This age-old custom is one manifestation of the importance of food in Chinese civilization: It‘s t cooked dishes, rather than flowers, that serve as centerpieces on a Chinese table; food is frequently t main topic of dinnertime conversation.

Variety in t color & material of t dishes serves aesthetic ends, while t ritual of sharing t food from t same dishes is conducive to family togetherness & friendship.

HE,In some more health-conscious environments, only ―public‖ chopsticks and spoons are used to remove food from the plates in t middle of t dining table, so as to prevent any possible spread of diseases.

(8)以上所介绍的情况对外国客人来说，虽不应是一种离奇的―天方夜谭‖，

却也说明中国人在饮食方面所持的价值观与西方人有很大的不同。不过中国人民与世界各族人民都有一个相同基本观念，即亲朋好友相聚，美味佳肴相敬，实属人生之最大快乐也。 (8)While none o t above observations should be consider as particularly strange or exotic for a foreign visitor,

they demonstrate that t value concept of catering of t Chinese is very dif from those in t West. HE,There is one key concept, which t Chinese share with t rest of t world. That is, fine food & drink, taken in t company of good friends, constitute one of supreme pleasures in life.

(1)Many changes are taking place in Americans‘ food styles.

The US is traditionally famous for its very solid and unchanging diet of meat and potatoes. Now we have many different alternatives to choose from: various ethnic foods, nutrition-balanced health food,

and convenient and delicious fast food, in addition to the traditional home-cooked meal. Ethnic restaurants are commonplace in the US. (1)美国人的饮食方式正在发生诸多的变化。

美国多年来那种丰盛的.一成不变的肉制品加土豆的传统餐早已为世人所熟知。而今，我们美国人可以有多种不同的选择，

除了传统的家常菜以外，我们可享受到各种帮派的民族风味餐，营养合理的保健餐，以及方便可口的快餐。民族餐馆在美国比比皆是。

(2)Bec t US is a country of immigrants, there is an immense variety in its catering cultures. Any large American city is filled with restaurants serving international cooking. Many cities even have ethnic sections: Chinatown, Little Italy, or Germantown. With this vast ethnic choice, we can enjoy food from all over the world. This is a pleasant thought for those who come here to travel or to work; they can usually find their native specialties.

(2)因为美国是由移民组成的国家，因此它有着丰富多彩的饮食文化。在美国任何一个大城市，外国风味餐馆随处可见。

许多城市甚至还有一些少数民族聚集区，如中国城.小意大利城.德国城等。有如此多的民族餐馆可供选择，我们可吃遍天下菜。

对于那些来美国旅游或工作人说，一想到这点便会深感愉快，他们可在美国找到自己家乡的特色菜。 (3)Besides those sections,

there are regions which are well known for certain food because of t people settle there. For eg, southern California has many Mexican restaurants, Louisiana has a strong Creole accent to its food.

Creole is mixture of French, African, & Caribbean Island food.

Health food gained popularity when people began to tk more about their physical well-being. (3)除少数民族聚集区外，还有一些地区也因其在当地定居的外族人开设了民族风味餐馆而闻名。

例如，在南加利福尼亚可以看到许多墨西哥餐馆，路易斯安娜州的食物则带有浓重的克里奥尔口味。克里奥尔风味菜一种兼收并蓄法国菜.非洲菜和加勒比海岛菜风味的混合新菜系。保健餐因人们开始重视自身健康备受青睐。

(4)The very term ―health food‖ is ironic bec it implies that there is also ―unhealthy‖ food. Health food includes natural food with minimal processing, ie,

there are no preservatives to help it last longer or chemicals to make it taste or look better. Most health food enthusiasts are vegetarians:

They eat no meat; they prefer to get their essential proteins from other sources, such as beams, cheese, eggs. Fast-food restaurants can be seen all over t country.

(4) ―保健餐‖这种说法本身就具有一种讽刺意味，因为其言下之意还有一种―非健康餐‖。保健餐的食物包括那些尽量不予以加工的天然食品，也就是说，

食品里不含延长食物保鲜期的防腐剂，不含以改善食物味道的香精，不含以美化食物的食用色素。热衷食用保健餐的大多数属素食者。

他们不吃肉类食物，喜从豆类. 奶酪和鸡蛋等食物中获取人体所需的蛋白质。快餐饮食店在美国随处可见。

(5)Speed is a very important factor in the life of an American.

People usually have a short lunch break or they just do not want to waste their time eating. Bec fast-food restaurants are places which take care of hundreds of people in a short time, there is usually very little waiting. And t food is always cheap. Some examples are burger, pizza and fried chicken places. (5)速度是美国人生活中的非常重要因素。

通常人们的午餐休息时间很短，即使午餐时间充裕，美国人也不愿在用餐上花费过多时间。由于快餐饮食店可以在很短时间里向数以百计客人供餐，所以人们通常无需排队。快餐饮食店的价格总是低廉。烹制汉堡包.比萨馅饼和炸鸡餐馆均属这类快餐饮食店。 (6)Americans‘ attitude toward food is changing, too. The traditional big breakfast is losing popularity.

People are rediscovering the social importance of food.

Dinner with family or friends is again becoming a very special way of enjoying and sharing. Like so many people in other cultures, many Americans are taking time to relax & enjoy t finer tastes at dinner, even if they still rush through lunch at a hamburger stand.

(6)美国人对饮食看法也在发生变化。早餐需丰盛的传统饮食习惯已为越来越多的人所抛弃。人们正在重新认识饮食的社会意义。

与家人或朋友共同进餐成了即可享受人生乐趣，又可分享信息的一种非常特殊方式。

美国人同其他国家的许多人一样，虽然许多美国人仍然会站在汉堡包摊前匆匆打发自己的午餐，但是在晚餐时，会静下心来从容不迫地品尝菜肴的美味。

(1)如果某人说―我喜欢中国菜‖，这种说法似乎过于简单了。其实并不存在所谓的―中国菜‖这一简单的概念。

确切的说法应该是喜欢某种菜系，或者喜欢某地区的中国菜。

像中国这样幅员辽阔.历史悠久而又复杂的国家，千百年来必然会形成具有鲜明地方烹饪特色的帮菜. (1)If u hear someone say ―I love Chinese food‖, he or she is taking too much for granted. As a matter of fact, there is no such simple thing as the so-called ―Chinese food‖.

A more accurate statement should be such that expresses one‘s preference for a particular Chinese cuisine or a particular regional way of cooking.

With a territory as large and a history as long and complex as China‘s,

It‘s inevitable distinct regional differences in cuisine have evolved over t course of centuries. (2)这种不可避免的差异是由地理位置.气候条件.交通状况.人口迁移.海外文化影响等因素所决定的。虽然中国究竟有多少种地方菜系并无定论，

但是有关人士认为，中国有鲁菜.川菜.粤菜和扬州菜等四大地方菜系。福建-菜通常被列为第五种地方菜系。

必须指出，这种区域划分并无严格的地理界线。

例如，北京菜虽属鲁菜，却也融入一些川菜的特色，并受到蒙古菜的影响。

又如扬州菜系范围，覆盖人口居住密集的整个长江三角洲地区，汇集无锡.苏州.上海和杭州等菜式。 (2)Numerous factors are involved in this inevitable distinction:

geography, climate, transportation, migration, external culture influence, etc.

Although there is no agreement on the precise number of Chinese regional cuisine,

those concerned with such matters agree that the 4 principal culinary regions are SD, SC, GD

and YZ, with FJ-TW most commonly listed as a fifth.

It must be pointed out these designations are not hard & fast geographical boundaries. Beijing food, for instance, falls within the realm of SD cooking,

but includes some SC dishes and Mongolian-influenced specialties,

while the cuisine of the entire densely populated Yangtze River delta area, including WX, SZ, SH and HZ dishes, falls under the category of Yangzhou cuisine. (3) 一般来说，各地的菜系都有讲究鲜嫩.用料精选.做工细腻之特点。

而全国各地的地方风味小吃以及少数民族风味餐，则数以千计，甚至难以计数。由于地方菜系间存在着频频交覆现象，以及相互借鉴的情况，

人们因而认为区分地方菜系最为简便方法是按菜知名度，而不是按菜的烹调风格或口味进行辨别。 (3)Generally speaking, t various cuisine across China invariantly emphasize freshness and tenderness of the food, cooked with choice materials and fine craftsmanship.

All over China, local delicacies and foods unique to various ethnic groups are in number of several thousands, or simply numerous.

T frequent overlapping & borrowing among t regional cuisine leads one to the conclusion that they are most conveniently distinguished by their popularity, ather than by any prevailing style or taste. (4)中国四大菜系大致可按以下这些特点区分：

鲁菜通常较咸，汁色普遍较浅。鲁菜注重选料，精于刀工，善于炊技。作为我国北方菜系的代表，鲁菜烹饪技术广泛用于明清两代的宫廷菜。

川菜选料范围大，调味及炊技变化多样。据统计，川菜品种在五千种以上。川菜最大的特点是口味重，以麻辣著称。

(4)T four major cuisine traditions in China can be roughly distinguished by these generalities: SD cuisine is generally salty, with the prevalence of light-colored sauces.

SD cuisine feature choice of materials, fine slicing technique and perfect cooking skills.

SD cuisine is representative of northern China‘s cooking and its technique has been widely absorbed by the imperial dishes of the Ming and Qing dynasties.

SC cuisine features a wide range of materials, various seasonings and different cooking techniques. Statistics show that the number of SC dishes has surpassed 5K.

With a rich variety of strong flavors, SC cuisine is best known for being spicy-hot. (5)最难归类粤菜强调轻炒浅煮，选料似乎不受。

粤茶源于明清，在发展中不仅吸收借鉴中国北方烹调和西餐烹调的精华，同时保持自己传统特色。扬州菜以江苏省境内的扬州.南京.苏州等地的地方菜式为基础之大成。

扬州菜注重选料的原汁原味，在菜的装饰上讲究形态的艺术性和颜色的鲜艳性，扬州菜实际上糅合了南北菜系之精华。

也有人以八个字来归纳这四大菜系的口味特点，即―南淡北咸，东甜西辣‖。

(5)Cantonese cuisine, t hardest to categorize, emphasizes light cooking with seemingly limitless range of ingredients.

Cantonese cuisine took shape in the Ming and Qing dynasties.

In the process of its development, it has borrowed the culinary essence of northern China and of the Western-style food, while maintaining its traditional local flavor.

Yz cuisine bases itself largely on t 3 local cooking styles o Yz, Nj&Sz, all within Js Province. While emphasizing the original flavors of well-chosen materials, it featres carefully selected ingredients.

Also, the artistic shape and bright colors of the dishes and more ornamental value.

Yz cuisine is essentially a combination of t best elements of northern and southern cooking. According to some others, t characteristic flavors of China‘s four major cuisines can be summed up in the following expression:

“The light southern (Canton) cuisine, and the salty northern (SD) cuisine; t sweet eastern (YZ) cuisine, & t spicy western (SC) cuisine.‖

(1)You will find restaurants for every situation in the US.

If u r in a hurry, u may just want to grab some ―junk food‖ at a grocery store, or u can get a bite to eat at one of t many Fast Food chains,

like McDonald‘s, Burger King, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Pizza Hut, or Taco Bell.

Or u can get a hero or submarine sandwich ―to stay‖ or ―go‖ from a sandwich shop or deli. Some of these places have tables, but many don‘t. (1)在美国你可以找到任何一种餐馆。

你若来去匆匆，可以去食品杂货店随手买些―方便食品‖，

也可从麦当劳.汉堡王.肯德基炸鸡店.―必胜客‖比萨饼屋，或玉米卷这些快餐连锁店中挑上一家，买些食物权且充饥。

你可上三明治店或者熟食店买一块―英雄‖型或―潜水艇‖型的大三明治，你可―堂吃‖，也可―外卖‖。这类快餐店有的甚至连餐桌都没有。

(2) People eat in their cars or take their food home, to their offices or to parks.

If you prefer sitting down but still don‘t want to spend much, you can try a cafeteria.

At all of these places, you pick and choose your own food and then pay at a cash register, but you usually have to clear the table when you finish!

Coffee shops are usually less expensive and less dressy than fine restaurants. So are pizza places, pancake house, sandwich shops and family restaurants.

But t name of a restaurant won‘t tell u much about t kind of place it is or t food it serves. (2)人们买份快餐后，有的拿到自己车里吃，有的拿回家吃，也有的拿到办公室或公园里吃。如果您既想坐在餐桌边上吃，同时又不愿多破费，那么你可以去自助餐厅。在那里，你可以先挑选自己喜欢的食物，然后到柜台付钱。不过通常用完餐后，你得自己清理餐桌。

咖啡馆通常比高级餐馆便宜，装潢也没有高级餐馆那么讲究。

比萨馅饼店.薄煎饼店.三明治店和家庭餐馆等，都属于价格便宜.装潢朴素的餐饮场所。当然一家餐馆的名称不一定能告诉你这家餐馆的情况及那里食物的品质。

(3)Like most FF restaurants & cafeterias, many restaurants don‘t serve alcoholic beverages. This is often because they want people to feel comfortable bringing their children. Minors can eat at restaurants that serve beer and wine,

but they are not allowed to enter pubs, taverns, cocktail lounges or bars.

You may be asked to show some ID that proves your age before you go into a bar.

In the US, the law forbids people under the age of 21 from drinking alcoholic beverages. (3)同大多数快餐饮食店和自助餐厅一样，许多餐馆不供应烈性酒。这样做的目的常常是为使带孩子上餐馆的客人可以无所顾忌。

未成年人可进供应啤酒和果子酒餐馆就餐，但他们不可进小酒店.酒菜馆.鸡尾酒室或酒吧这些场所。你可能会被要求出示某张可以表明自己年龄的身份证，然后方可进入这些场所。在美国，法律规定 21岁下者不得饮酒。

Unit Twelve China and Its Reform 中国改革

(1)女先们：这次到贵国访问，我深感朋友们对中国的改革与发展情况十分关心。借此机会，我作一个简要的介绍。

中国的改革开放已经走过了26个年头。26年来，中国发生了翻来覆去的变化。中国经济持续快速增长，国内生产总值从不到1500亿美元增长到1.65万亿美元。进出口总额从206亿美元增长到1.15万亿美元。

中国经济在世界经济总量中的比重从1%左右提高到近4%。对外贸易在全球贸易的的排名上升到第三位。 (1)Ls&Gs, During this visit,

I‘ve been deeply impressed by t keen interest of our friends in China's R&D. So let me take this opportunity to give you a brief account on the topic. China‘s Reform & Opening up Policy has undergone for 26 years. Earthshaking changes have taken place here. Thanks to the sustained, rapid economic growth,

China's GDP has gone up from less than $150b to $1.65t, its foreign trade has increased from $20.6b to $1.15t,

its share of the world economy has risen from some 1% to nearly 4%, and it has climbed to the third place in global trade. (2)中国社会面貌焕然一新，人民生活水平不断提高。中国人均国内生产总值从190美元增长到1200美元。

中国帮助2亿多农村人口摆脱贫困，为城市2000多万低收入者提供最低生活保障。 (3)中国已成为世界第一大手机用户.第三大汽车消费国，

拥有世界最大的固定电话网.移动通信网和第二大公用互联网。现在中国网民已超过1亿人，短短8年内增长了150多倍。

中国社会进步开放.去年出境旅游达2885万人次.入境旅游超过1亿人次，成世界第四大旅游国。 (2)China‘s society has taken on a BN look, as t living standards of the people keep improving. Over these years, China‘s PC GDP grew from $190 to over $1,200.

The Chinese Government has helped over 200m rural poor out of poverty and provided subsistence allowance to over 20m low-income urban dwellers.

Boasting t world's largest MP consumer group & t third largest automobile market,

(3)China has t world's largest fixed line telephone network & MP network, & t 2nd largest public internet with t number of users rising over 150 folds within 8 years to over 100m. The Chinese society is a lot more open.

With 28.85m outbound visitors and more than 100m inbound visitors last year, China has become the fourth largest tourist market in the world. (4)中国民主和法治建设不断发展，人民当家作主的各项权利依法得到保障。全国所有村委会和城市居委会已实现直接选举。

中国已加入21国际公约，在平等和相互尊重的基础与包括美国在内的许多国家开展对话。 (5)事实证明，中国的发展不仅在造福于13亿中国人民，而且促进了亚洲经济和世界经济增长。去年中国对世界经济增长的贡献率约为20%。

中国的发展也促进人类文明发展和世界多样性，促进了地区和世界的和平与稳定。中国解决了世界1/5人口的温饱问题，这本身就是对世界稳定与发展的重大贡献.

(4) Development of democracy and rule of law in China continues with people's rights as masters of their own country being guaranteed according to law. Direct elections are held for village committees &

urban neighborhood committees throughout the country.

China has acceded to 21 international HRs instruments and conducted human rights dialogue with many countries including t US on t basis of equality & mutual respect. (5)Facts have proven that China's development not only benefits the 1.3b CP, but also contributes to economic growth in Asia and the world as a whole. About 20% of last year's global growth was owed to China's contribution.

China's development also spurs progress of human civilizations, enriches diversity of the world and promotes peace and stability in regions and around the world.

By successfully feeding, clothing and sheltering one fifth of the world's population,

China has made an important contribution to the stability and development in the world. (6)同时也要看到，中国人口多，底子薄，地区发展不平衡，

人均国内生产总值在世界上排在100位以后，在发展的道路上面临着不少矛盾.困难和挑战。中国要实现现代化，使人民都过上殷实富裕的生活，还有很长的路要走，需要坚持长期不懈的艰苦努力。 (7)我们坚持以理论和―三个代表‖重要思想为指导，

聚精会神搞建设，一心一意谋发展，努力实现在本世纪头20年全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标。为此，我们正在积极落实科学发展观，以人为本，执政为民，推动经济建设.政治建设.文化建设与和谐社会建设全面发展。 (6) At t ST，we also face t fact China enjoys huge population，

week economic basis，uneven development of its different regions,

& t PC-GDP level that ranks well behind 100th place in t world would mean numerous problems, difficulties & challenges in our road to progress. China still has a long way to go before it realizes modernization and delivers a prosperous life to its people.

We expect nothing but a long period of persistent hard work.

(7)That‘s why we guide ourselves with DXP Theory & t important thought of t \"3 Represents\ stay focused on economic development and concentrate our energy on fulfilling our grand objective of building a MPS in an all-round way during t first 2 decades of this century. That is why we are now following a scientific approach of development, put people first in administration,

and promote simultaneously our economic development, political development, cultural development and the development of a harmonious society.

(8)为全面完成当前中国经济社会与发展的各项任务，我们将突出抓好三方面工作：一是着力搞好宏观，进一步消除经济运行中不稳定不健康因素，

推进经济结构调整和增长方式转变，正确处理改革发展稳定的关系，保持经济平稳较快发展。二是着力推进改革开放，坚持以改革推动各项工作，用改革的办法解决影响发展的问题。

三是着力建设民主法治.公平正义.诚信友爱 .充满活力.安定有序.人与自然和谐相处社会主义和谐社会，充分调动一切积极因素，激发全社会的创造能力；

妥善处理各方面利益关系，让全体人民共享改革和建设的成果。

(8) To ensure the completion of all t tasks for China's economic & social reform & development, we will work extra harder in 3 areas.

First, we will concentrate on doing our macro-regulatory work well,

continue to eliminate destabilizing and unsound factors in our economic activities, promote economic restructuring and transformation of the economic growth mode, appropriately balance the relation among reform,

development and stability, and maintain steady and rapid economic growth. Second, we will press ahead with reform and opening up, make reform the driving force behind all aspects of our work,

and use reform to solve institutional problems in our development.

Third, we‘ll build a socialist harmonious society that is democratic and law-based, fair and just, trustworthy and friendly, full of vigor and vitality, secure and orderly, in which humans and nature are in harmony.

We will bring all positive factors into full play & stimulate t creativity of t entire society,

and properly balance the interests of all aspects and ensure that everyone shares the fruits of reform and development.

(9)具体来说，我们要坚持加强和改善宏观，实施稳健的财政和货币，控制固定资产投资规模，积极扩大消费需求，保持价格总水平基本稳定。

(0)我们要进一步加强―三农‖工作，这是全部工作的重中之重。我们要稳定.完善和强化对农业的扶持，继续推进农业和农村经济结构调整.加强农田水利和农村基础设施建设，加快农业科技创新和技术推广，多渠道转移农业富余劳动力。 (9)Specifically, we will continue to strengthen & improve macro-regulation, follow prudent fiscal and monetary policies, rein in the scale of fixed assets investment,

vigorously expand consumer demand, and keep the overall price level basically stable. (0)We‘ll improve our work relating to A, RA and Fs, which remains a top priority of all our work. We will maintain, improve and strengthen policies to support agriculture, continue to make structural adjustments in agriculture & the rural economy,

intensify development of irrigation & water conservancy projects and t rural infrastructure, accelerate innovation in agricultural ST and spread of t use of agricultural technology, transfer surplus rural labor to nonagricultural jobs in a variety of ways. (1)我们要加快推进经济结构调整和增长方式转变，推进产业结构的优化和升级，

促进企业技术改造和重组，注重能源资源的节约和合理利用，加强环境保护和生态建设。我要积极推动区域协调发展，实施西部大开发，

振兴东北地区等老工业基地，促进中部崛起，鼓励东部地区加快发展。

(1)We will accelerate economic restructuring and transformation of economic growth mode, optimize and upgrade the industrial structure,

promote the technological upgrading & reorganization of enterprises,

pay close attention to the conservation and rational use of energy and resources, strengthen environmental protection & ecological improvement. We will promote balanced development among different regions, develop the western region on a large scale,

reinvigorate northeast China and other old industrial bases,

energize the central region & encourage faster development of the eastern region. (2)我们要用更大力量推进经济改革，在一些重点领域和关键环节取得新突破。鼓励.支持和引导非公有制经济发展，加快金融改革，推进财税和投资改革，加强市场体系建设。

我们要大力发展科技.教育.文化.卫生.体育事业，加强精神文明建设，

进一步做好就业和社会保障工作，提高人民生活水平，加强民主法制建设，切实维护社会稳定。 (2) We‘ll work even harder to advance economic restructuring

& strive to make further breakthroughs in some major areas and key links.

We will encourage, support and guide the development of non-public sector of the economy, accelerate the reform of the financial system,

promote reform of fiscal and tax systems and the investment system, strengthen the market system.

We‘ll vigorously work to develop ST, education, culture, health and sports,

promote socialist cultural and ethical progress, create more jobs, improve social security work and raise people's living standards,

strengthen democracy and the legal system and safeguard social stability. (3)我们要加强行政能力建设和政风建设，深化机构改革，

加快转变职能，改进经济管理方式方法，努力建设服务型。 (4)中国各族人民正意气风发地在中国特色社会主义道路上阔步前进。

我们同心同德，再接再厉，奋发图强，不断夺取改革开放和现代化建设事业的新胜利。我们能伟大祖国的美好前景充满信心。

(3)We will improve the government's administrative capacity and style of work, intensify the restructuring of government bodies,

speed up the transformation of government functions,

improve the methods and means of economic management, work hard to build a service-oriented government.

(4) The people of all China's ethnic groups are marching forward in high spirits on the road of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.

The Chinese people, united with 1 heart and 1 mind, continue our concerted and unyielding efforts, and achieve further successes in reform, opening up and the modernization drive. We have full confidence in the bright future of our great motherland.

(1)\"Let China sleep, for when she awakes she‘ll shake t world,\" runs Napoleon's famous saying. He was ahead of his time, but now the dragon is certainly stirring.

Since 1978, when Deng Xiaoping first set his country on a path of economic reform, its GDP has grown by an average of 9.5 % a year,

three times the rate in the US, and faster than in any other economy. The official figures may slightly overstate the growth rate,

bt China is still likely 1 day to overtake America & become t world's No.1 economy. (1)拿破仑有句名言说，―让中国沉睡吧!当她觉醒时，全球将为之震撼。‖ 拿破仑走在他所处时代的前面，而如今中国这条巨龙的确正在蠕动。

自1978年将中国推上经济改革之路来，国内生产总值以年均9.5％的速度增长，是美国同期增长速度的三倍，增长速度超过其他任何一个经济体。

中国官方提供数据可能略微夸大增长率，但中国仍可能有朝一日赶超美国而成世界头号经济强国。 (2) In fact, China was the largest economy for much of t recorded history.

Until t 15thC, China had the highest income per head and was the technological leader. But then it suddenly turned its back on the world.

Its rulers imposed strict limits on international trade & tightened their control on new T. Measured by GDP per person it was overtaken by Europe by 1500, but it remained the world's biggest economy for long thereafter. In 1820 it still accounted for 30% of world GDP.

HE, by 1950, after a century of anarchy, warlordism, foreign suppression, civil war and t war against JP invasion, its share of world output had fallen to less than 5 %. (2)实际上，中国在大部分时间一直是世界最大经济体。

15世纪前，中国的人均收入最高，且执世界技术之牛耳。

突然间中国闭关锁国，统治者对国际贸易实行严格，对新技术的引进也严加控制。

到1500年中国人均国内生产总值已被欧洲赶超，但此后很长时间里还保持着世界头号经济体地位。 1820年的世界国内生产总值，中国仍占其中的30％。

然后地位一路下滑，中国经历了一个世纪的政治混乱.军阀割据.外来压迫.内战纷乱.抗日战争，到1950年，中国所占世界产出比例已锐减至5％以下。 (3) Now China is making up lost ground.

Even if its economy slows sharply over the next couple of years, its long-term prospects remain bright.

If rich economies want rapid economic growth they have to get it the hard way by inventing new technology or adopting better management method.

But poor countries, at least in theory should find it easier to grow fast because they start with low levels of income and capital per worker.

With right policy, they‘ve huge scope to grow rapidly importing capital, ideas&techniques from developed economies&using rich countries' markets as springboard for growth. As a latecomer, China does not need to reinvent the wheel,

but merely to open its economy to ideas from the rich world - which it has done with gusto.

(3)如今中国正在重整旗鼓.收复失地.迎头赶上。

即使它的经济发展在未来若干年内显著放慢，但是它的长远前景仍是一片光明。

如果经济富国想要继续取得经济快速增长，那么它们就必须创造新技术，或者采用更好管理方式。但对经济穷国说，情况不一样，

至少从理论上说，经济快速增长会容易些，因它们具有人均工资低.资本低的优势。

只要对头，它们就有广阔的快速增长的天地，因为它们可以从发达国家引进资本.理念和技术，可利用富国的市场作为实现增长的跳板。

作为后起之秀，中国不需重复别火老路，只需要开放经济，吸收富裕世界理念, 而这正是中国满怀热情所完成的事情。

(4) Most of China's growth over the past quarter-century can be explained by high rates of investment and the movement of workers from subsistence farming,

where their marginal productivity close to zero, to more productive use in industry. But China‘s growth is not based simply on cheap labor.

It also has the advantage of good infrastructure, an educated workforce, a high rate of savings available to finance investment and, most important of all, an extremely open economy. China has t lowest tariff protection of any developing C. Many non-tariff barriers have also been dismantled.

Moreover, China has welcomed foreign direct investment,

which has bolstered growth by increasing the stock of fixed capital and by providing new technology and management know-how.

Joint ventures with foreign firms produce 27 % of China‘s industrial output. (4)中国过去25年的增长，主要归功于高投资率，

归功于农村那些边际生产率近乎为零的低收入劳动力向生产力程度更高的企业的流动。

但中国经济增长并非仅依赖廉价劳动力，它具有许多优势：良好基础设施，受过良好教育劳动力，可用于金融投资的高储蓄，最重要的是，中国的经济极为开放。

中国的关税保护是发展中国家中最低的。许多非关税壁垒也被拆除。

而且，中国欢迎外国直接投资，通过增加固定资本.引进新技术和管理知识保持经济增长，与外国公司一起建立的合资企业已占中国工业产值的27％。 (5) China faces many obstacles to growth;

its fragile banking system, the lack of a transparent legal system, corruption widening income inequalities, and severe environmental pollution.

Yet if reforms continue, there are good reasons to believe rapid growth can be sustained. (6)There‘s huge scope to increase productivity as workers MF rural occupations into industry. Over 60 % of China‘s population still lives in the countryside,

a much higher share than in Japan at the same stage of development.

(7)T steady shrinking o SO sector‘ll also boost productivity by ensuring a +2 use of resources. China‘s private sector which N accounts for half of its GDP is growing twice AFA t economy. China‘s rising ICOR simply shows that t economy is at a stage of development where it needs to become more capital-intensive.

(5)中国面临不少阻增长因素:银行系统脆弱.法律制度不透明.现象.收入差距加大，及环境严重污染。不过，只要改革继续下去，就有充分的理由相信中国的快速增长是可持续的。 (6)随着劳动力由农业流向工业，生产力的提高仍有巨大的空间。

中国人口60％以上仍然生活在农村，这个比例比当时处在相同发展阶段的日本要高很多。 (7)国有经济的稳步缩小确保了资源的更好利用，从而提高生产率。占中国国内生产总值约50％的私有经济正以两倍的速度增长。

中国的资本产出比率上升说明经济到了一个对资本密集度要求更高的发展阶段。 (8) The IMF reckons, so long as structural reforms continue,

notably in the banking sector and in state-owned enterprises,

China should be able to sustain annual growth of 7-8 % for at least another decade. At that pace, China‘s GDP measured at PPP would overtake America‘s before 2020, although its GDP per head would remain much lower.

Measured at market exchange rates, it would take longer to top America‘s. According to our estimation, this might not happen until 2040, although China could overtake JP as early as 2016.

(9)This forecast is based on realistic assumptions about the likely slowdown in capital accumulation and productivity growth AWA on demographic forecasts.

We predict a SD in China‘s annual real GDP growth rate to 5.5 % for 2010-2020,4 % after that. Over time C‘s real exchange rate would appreciate against t dollar in line with its faster productivity growth.

(8)IMF估计，只要结构性的改革继续进行下去，尤其是银行业和国有企业的结构性改革，中国至少可以在今后的十年里维持7％～8％的年增长率。

按照这个速度，若以购买力平价来衡量中国国内生产总值，中国将在2020年之前超过美国，当然其人均国内生产总值仍然要低得多。

若以市场汇率来衡量中国国内生产总值的话，超过美国还需要更长的时间。

据我们估计，中国在2040年前超越美国的可能性不大，不过中国最早可能在2016年超过日本。 (9)我们的预测是基于资本积累和生产力增长可能减速的现实假定，同时也基于人口统计学。

我们预测中国实际国内生产总值增长率在2010-2020年间可能减速至5.5％，并继续下降到4％。随着时间的推移，人民币对美元实际汇率将会随着中国生产力的上升而升值。 (0) This forecast may be too cautious.

Study by t IMF compares China‘s rapid integration into t WE with similar developments in t P. For eg, when growth first took off in post-war Japan,

and later in the East Asian newly industrializing economies, such as South Korea or Singapore.

China has grown a little faster during t past 25 years than Japan or the East Asian newcomers during their first quarter-century of boom,

but these economies then maintained rapid growth for a long time.

Despite hiccups along the way South Korea and Singapore sustained a average growth rate of almost 8 % for four decades. (0)我们的预测或许过于保守。

国际货币基金组织的一份报告将中国快速融入世界经济的过程与历史上的同类情况作了对比。

例如，战后经济最先起飞的日本，及随后发展起来的东亚一些新兴工业化经济体如韩国和新加坡。中国比它们在过去25年增长要略快，但日本经济或这些东亚经济体在以后很长时间都保持高速增长。尽管有时会磕磕碰碰，但韩国和新加坡保持的近8％的年平均增长率持续40年之久。

(1) Growth rates inevitably slow as average income rises toward developed economies, but China‘s GDP per person is still well under a third of S-Korea‘s and one fifth of JP‘s, so there is plenty of room to catch up.

China‘s share of world trade is also still lower than that of Japan or the combined trade of the East Asian tigers at a similar stage in their integration process,

suggesting that China could continue to maintain rapid export growth for some years.

(2)Even if China‘s economic performance so far is not all that exceptional compared with that of its Asian forerunners, the country will almost certainly play a bigger future role in the world economy because of the sheer weight of its population. As China‘s income per head catches up,

its economy will soon dwarf those of its Asian neighbors. How will the awakening dragon affect the rest of the world?

(1)虽随着国民平均收入向发达国家靠拢，经济增长的速度必然会随之放慢，

但由于中国人均国内生产总值仍远不及韩1/3.日1/5，所以中国赶超的空间仍然很大。

中国在世贸所占份额也低于当时处融入世界经济过程中类似阶段日本或东亚新兴经济体的贸易总和。这表明中国在未来若干年里仍然可以保持出口的快速增长。

(2)即便中国迄今为止的经济表现与亚洲经济增长前驱的业绩相比较并非鹤立鸡群式的突出，但是这个国家几乎肯定会因其人口的庞大而在世界经济中发挥更大的作用。随着中国人均收入的急起直追，中国的经济很快就会让其亚洲邻国相形见绌。这条日渐苏醒的巨龙将会对全世界产生什么样的影响呢?

(1)我国的技术曾经改变了世界的面貌。

早在公元一世纪我国就发明了造纸术，一千年后又发明了火药。

在公元1500年前的整整一千年间，我国无疑是世界上技术最先进的国家。

但此后中国闭关锁国，错过工业，数百年停滞不前，并受到西方列强的欺凌达一百年之久。 (2)今天，改革开放的中国站在一场技术复兴运动的前列。

外国资本开始以前所未有的速度涌入我国，技术产业因此而受益。

中外投资者都认为，软件.电信.材料技术.生物工艺和保健技术是中国的强有力的核心技术。 (1)Chinese technology changed t world.

China created paper AEA t first century AD，& gunpowder nearly a K years later. During t 1000yrs before 1500,

China was undoubtedly the world‘s most technologically advanced country. China thereafter closed its door to t outside world.

Hundreds of yrs' stagnation followed as t Industry Revolution passed us by, and our country experienced t bully of Western powers for ALA 100 years. (2)Today, as China is engaged in reform and opening to the outside world, we're on te cusp of a technological renaissance.

Foreign capital has begun to flow into our country at an unprecedented rate, and technology is benefiting.

Local & foreign investors believe that software, telecom, materials technology, Bio-technology and health care are core technology strengths in China.

(3)然而，我国新兴的技术产业面临着巨大的挑战，只有战胜这些挑战，才能恢复历史的辉煌。我们必须正视这些挑战，学习和利用西方先进的技术和管理经验，创造新发明，开发新产品。 (4)中国科学院附属沈阳自动化研究所证明，中国有能力把理论软件技术和工程技术结合起来。这家研究所曾经引进了美国一家公司的技术.自动控制装置样品.零部件和培训项目。通过技术引进和技术转让，现在该所的技术和软件同美国的不相上下。

但是要使技术不断更新，开发更先进的产品，沈阳自动化研究所需要大量的资金投入。研究所需要新的外国合作伙伴。

(3)HE, our emerging technology industry faces huge challenges that must be overcome before it can return to its glorious days.

We must face these challenges squarely, learn & make use of advanced western technology and management expertise, come up with new inventions and develop new products. (4)The SY Institute of Automation, affiliated to the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Proves China's ability to marry theoretical software skills and engineering skills. It introduced technology from a US company,

a sample robot, parts & components, & a training program.

With technology introduction and transfer, t institute has developed t kind of technology and software that are equivalent to those in t US.

HE, t SY Institute of Automation is in need of a lot of funds & investment to keep technology up to date and develop more advanced products.

They are looking for new foreign partners.

(5)我国有些大学研究所开发的技术难以产生效益，甚至找不到市场。例如，久负盛名的上海交通大学早在30年前就开始研究集成电路，并成功地研制出一个微型马达，仅为一粒芝麻的1/4大小，

比美国.欧洲和日本的一些大学所设计出的样品还要小，还要轻。这种马达可用在微型自控装置和外科手术内窥镜等器具上。

现在问题是，我国没有一家医疗器械制造厂家拥有必要设施.资金和技术来批量生产这种微型马达。由于生产这类产品需大量的设备和高水平的技术，

因此我们要寻求实力雄厚的大公司合作，使样品尽快转化为商品。 (5)Some o our university RIs focus technology that has little chance of ever being profitable or even marketable.

For eg, SH's prestigious JtU began research on t development of integrated circuits AEA 30 yrs ago, &have come up with a micro motor about one-quarter t size of a sesame seed, smaller & lighter than prototypes designed at universities in t US, Europe and Japan.

T motor will be used to power miniature robots or endoscopes -- instruments used in surgery to view internal organs in the body.

Now the problem is, no Chinese medical-equipment manufacturer has the facilities, money or technology to produce t micro motors on a large scale.

Bec t production of t motors requires a lot of equipment & a high level of technology,

we're looking for strong, big companies to work with us to commercialize t invention AEAP. (6)我国是世界上的发明大国，但是很多发明无法走出实验室，归根结底是资金问题。我们希望风险投资机构和私益投资者能参与解决资金匮乏的问题。这些机构的投资方式能使它们得到的保护大于其他直接投资商。

(7)例如，某一投资基金可以通过一家海外公司把资金输入在华的某家公司。这家在华公司赢利后，可以将赢利部分回流到该基金属下的那家公司。

如果该基金希望得到这些利润，它可以让那家海外公司上市，通常可以在美国上市。 (8)同几年前相比，我们对风险资本和直接投资有了更多的了解，更富有经验。

我们将在短期内草拟鼓励高技术公司一揽子计划，建立吸引大量资本所必需的法律和股市基础设施。我们相信，不久将来，―中国制造‖和―中国创造‖这几个字将再次与改变人们生活的发明联系在一起。 (6)China, a major country of invention in t world, finds itself in t awkward situation of being unable to get many of its inventions out of t labs. A lot comes down to a simple problem of funding.

We hope VIs & private equity investors will join us in solving the problem of capital shortage. Their investment modes leaves them more protected than other direct investors.

(7)For eg, investment fund funnels money into a China-based company through an offshore~. The profits the China venture generates then flow back to t fund‘s subsidiary.

When t fund wants access to its profit, it lists t offshore firm on a stock mkt, typically in t US. (8)Compared with few years ago,

we're more knowledgeable and experienced in VC and direct investment.

We'll draft an incentive package for hi-tech companies in a short time and create t legal and stock market infrastructure required to attract massive capital.

We're positive that in t near future, the words \"Made in China\" and \"Created in China\" will once again come to be associated with life-changing innovation.

(1)Mr.Chairman，I feel honored to be invited to attend

―The Third International Conference on Stock Market Development.‖ I would like to thank you，Mr·Chairman，

for giving me t opp to give a lecture on t topic of‗‗Stock Market and Market Psychology.‖

The economist Keynes argued that market behavior could not be rational，

or subject to improvement, since our existing knowledge did not provide a sufficient basis for a caculated mathematical expectation of investment returns.

I think this observation is particularly true when the object of speculation involves the application of a new technology, such as the Internet.

(2)Modern financial theory attempts to surmount the problem of an unknowable future by suggesting that returns can e predicted by measuring the past volatility of share prices- shares that exhibit higher volatility are expected to yield greater returns. Yet this assumes t future will be continuation of t past – like steering a car by looking in t rear-view mirror.

Investors therefore remain heavily dependent on their emotions.

The feelings of ―greed‖ and ―fear‖ that drive markets remain constant throughout the ages. (1)先生：我很荣幸应邀请参加―第三届股市发展国际研讨会‖。

我还要感谢先生给我机会以―股票市场与市场心理学‖为题发表演讲。经济学家凯恩斯曾经说过，市场的行为不可能是理性，也不可能改进，

因为我们现有知识不能为经过精确计算而得出的投资收益预期提供充分的依据。

我认为在投机对象涉及到新技术的使用时，如因特网的使用，凯恩斯的这种看法尤为正确。 (2)现代金融理论试图解决未来不可预测的问题。

按照现代金融理论，投资收益可以通过对股价以往的波动幅度来预测，也就是说，股价波动较大的股票可望带来较大的回报。

但这种理论是以未来是过去的延续为前提的，如同看着后视镜驾驶汽车一样。所以投资者仍然在很大程度上凭着自己的情感操作。

在任何年代，推动市场的―贪心‖和―担心‖这两种心情总是永恒不变。

(3)The psychology of the market is one that includes both t ~ of investing and t ~ of gambling. There are the compulsive attractions of gambling in the market. The undulating moods of the stock market,

altenating between its bull phase of energy greediness and grandiosity, and t bear phase of timidity, anxiety, indecisiveness and self-doubt, reflect the manic behavior of the gambling addict.

Speculation differs from most gambling activities is t beliefs of t participants affect t results. In certain circumstances speculators are capable of creating self-fulfilling prophecies.

(4)Success in speculation is ultimately dependent on finding someone else to buy your shares at a higher price than you paid for him or her.

Every speculative bubble resembles a chain letter in that profits are provided by late entrants to the market.

Everyone is attempting to anticipate the immediate intentions of his competions.

In such circumstances, paying attention to shifts in market psychology becomes essential. (3)市场的心态包括投机与兼而有之的两重性。市场有难以抗拒的诱惑。股市情绪在牛市和熊市间交替波动，

牛市充满贪婪. 高涨情绪，熊市则弥漫着胆怯.焦虑.犹豫不决和自我怀疑的情绪。股市心态的这种波动折射出赌徒的躁狂行为。

投机活动与大多数活动的不同之处在于，投机参与者的信念会影响投机结果。在某些情况下，投机者能够创造出自我实现的预言。

(4)投机的成功归根到底取决于别人能否以 / 比你买入时 / 更高的价格买下你手中的股票。每个投机泡沫就好比一封连锁信，利润是由后来入市者提供的。

每一个人都在预测竞争对手下一步的意图。在这种情况下，对市场心理变化的关注是至关重要的。 (5)T crowd mentality remains a potent source of investor irrationality,

whether in Ld's coffee house SM o t 17thC or in t Internet investment bulletin boards today.

F identified key features o crowd mentality, invincibility, irresponsibility, impetuosity, contagion, changeability, suggestibility, collective hallucination & intellectual inferiority. Again, we find these traits during the later stages of a bull market.

What makes matter worse is speculators as group are susceptible to \"cognitive dissonance\" - they block negative, dissonant information & focus only on t positive aspects o their position. This explains why speculators pay little heed to warnings. (6)Why are people unable to escape t lure of t crowd?

The answer can be found in t nature of our material ambitions.

The quest for wealth is calculated not in absolute but in relative terms. We always measure our fortunes against those of our contemporaries.

Many people find it 2 painful 2 remain inactive while others are speculating & making money. The individual has little to lose by assuming the same risks,

because when the market turns,his relative position is unaffected. (5)从众心理仍然是投资者非理性行为的重要根源。

无论17世纪伦敦咖啡馆股市上，还是今天因特网投资电子布告栏上，都是如此。弗洛伊德列举从众心理的主要特征：

无敌.不负责任.急躁.相互感染.易变.易受影响.群体幻觉.智力低下等。这些特征我们在牛市的后期也会发现。

更糟的是，投机者作为一个群体容易患―认知不和谐‖症，他们不愿听到消极或刺耳的消息，他们把注意力集中在对自己有利的事情上。这就是为什么投机者很少关注警示的原因。 (6)为何人们无法摆脱从众心理 ? 答案也许可从我们物质欲望的本质中找到。财富的计算只是相对而言。我们总是参照同时代的人来衡量自己的财富。许多人觉得，眼看别人靠投机赚了钱，而自己按兵不动，这很痛苦。群体中的个人承担同样的风险不会有什么损失，

因为当市场转向时，个人在群体中的相对位置不会受到影响。

(7) Usually, speculators appear to forget their painful experiences more and more quickly. Hence we find the periodical recurrences of speculative booms.

There must be a vast fund of stupidity in human nature, or else men would not be caught, a thousand times over, by the same snare.

The only way to avoid this fate is to maintain a contrariant position -- go against the market psychology -- which, of course, is both lonely and involves a great test of will. 通常，投机者似乎会越来越快地忘却自己的痛苦经历。于是我们发现，投机狂潮周期性地出现。

人类的本性中，肯定存在着某种愚蠢的东西，否则人们就不会千百次地落入同一个陷阱里。避免这种厄运的唯一方法是保持一种逆向姿态，走一条逆向市场心理的道路。当然，这样做不仅是孤独的，而且还要受到严峻的意志考验。

Unit Thirteen Information age 信息时代 (1)女士们先生们：本次是信息社会世界峰会的首次间筹委会的筹备会议，既要处理程序性问题，又要处理实质性问题。

开好筹备会，是峰会取得成功的重要保证。中国代表团就峰会筹备工作谈以下几点看法：

(1)Ls&Gs: This‘s t preliminary meeting o t intergovernmental preparatory committee of t WSIS. (World Summit on the Information Society).

Both procedural and substantive issues will be addressed at this meeting.

A fruitful preparatory committee meeting is essential to the success of the summit.

Now, on behalf of t Chinese delegation, I‘d like to make some comments on t preparatory work of WSIS(World Summit on the Information Society):

(2)首先，信息基础设施是建设信息社会的物质基础。

它应能满足人们对智能化.多样化.个性化.多媒体化.全球化发展的要求，及满足普遍服务的要求。峰会及筹备工作应切实研究加快信息通信技术广泛应用的措施，推进网络结构调整和升级换代, 使其逐步演化成为一个融语音.数据.图像于一体的宽带高速信息网，全方位地满足多种业务需求。信息基础设施薄弱已成广大发展中国家落后发达国家一个重要制约因素，严重影响这些国家建设信息社会的能力。

因此，峰会及筹备工作应高度重视研究和探讨发展中国家加快信息基础设施建设的发展战略目标，重点包括制定宏观与市场管制，建立符合本国国情的信息通信管制体系，

处理好技术与市场的关系，规避市场风险，建立创新的融资，实现资金的多元投入等。 (2)First, Information infrastructure is t physical foundation of an Information society.

The Information infrastructure shall meet our demand for intelligence computerization, diversification, personalization, multimedia and globalization AWA universal service.

During the summit and the preparation process, we shall work in practical term on policies and measures that accelerate the application of Information communication technologys, promote network architecture readjustments and upgrading,

facilitate t evolution to high-speed broadband info networks that integrate voice, data & image, AWA meet various service requirements in all demensions.

Weak II has become a major reason for the gap between developing and developed countries and has seriously impaired the developing countries‘ ability to build an IS.

Therefore, t summit and our preparation work shall emphasize on researching and exploring the strategic goals for developing countries to accelerate their II construction.

These focal points may include making government macro-economic control & market regulation policies,

establishing an IC regulation system in line with national conditions,

building a sound relationship between technological development & market growth, avoiding market risks,

establishing innovative financing mechanisms for more financing channels, etc. (3)其次，信息通信网络的安全意义重大，特别是―9-11事件‖以后，备受各国高度关注。网络通信安全与否，直接关系到能否

避免或减少通信的风险和损失，增加用户的信心，从而进步促进信息通信技术和网络的应用。信息通信与网络安全涉及到技术.法律法规和世界范围的合作。

峰会和筹备工作应考虑在世界范围成立相应机构和体系以确保通信和网络安全可靠性，严防病毒侵害，打击网络犯罪，

同时研究.开发和利用先进的安全技术，

如应急系统，以建立稳固的通信与网络系统，确保网络上信息受到保护，并通过法律法规手段，加强对网络安全的监管，保护通信和网络安全。

(3)Secondly, security is the key to Information communication networks.

Governments have shown greater concerns about the security issue especially after the 9.11 terrorist attack in the US.

Communications security has a direct bearing on the avoidance of the risks or reduction in the losses in communications，Security guarantees may improve consumer confidence & further promote t applications of IC technologies and networks.

Security of IC networks involves technologies, laws and regulations. It requires international cooperation.

The summit & its preparation process shall consider establishing international orgs and mechanisms that ensure t security and reliability of communication networks by fighting against viruses and cyber crimes;

promoting research, development and application of leading–edge security techs like

emergency syss in order to build secure communication networks and protect on-line info; &strengthening control of network security and protecting communications networks through laws and regulations.

(4)再次，要高度重视知识和人才问题。

未来信息社会，知识和技能是促进经济发展的主驱动力，是信息产业实现可持续发展重要因素之一。广大发展中国家知识少人才的短缺是造成其在信息技术方面落后于发达国家的主要原因之一，也是解决―数字鸿沟‖应重点考虑的一个环节。

在峰会期间及筹备过程中，我们应该研究建立人力资源开发创新机制，

探讨如何通过各国现有的培训基地.培训资源和互联网以加强和改善人力资源的开发工作，提高世界各国人民对信息通信技术的认识。

.企业.学术机构应该在人力资源开发培训方面建立一种新型的合作机制。 (5)女士们，先生们，经济全球化不断发展，科学技术突飞猛进，为全球经济和社会发展提供前所未有的技术条件。

尤其是信息通信技术的发展，深刻地改变着人们的经济.社会以及文化生活。

信息化为经济增长和社会进步提供了珍贵的―数字机遇‖，同时也给我们带来各种挑战。

让我们积极采取措施，大力发展信息通信技术和信息产业，努力推进全球信息化进程。谢！ (4)Thirdly, we need to emphasize the importance of knowledge and HR.

In the future info society, knowledge and skills will be a major driver of economic growth and one of the major factors to sustainable development of the info industry.

One of the main reasons for the gap between developing & developed countries in information technologies is the lack of knowledge and HR,

which is a key issue to be considered in bridging the ―digital divide‖. During the summit and its preparatory process,

we shall consider establishing innovative mechanisms for HR development and explore ways to facilitate HR development，

enhance IC awareness through t existing training centers & training resources AWA Internet. Governments, businesses and academic institutions shall work together to establish a new cooperation mechanism in HR development & training.

(5)L&G, t ongoing economic globalization & rapid advances in ST have generated unprecedented technological conditions for global economic and social development.

In particular, t development of information & communications technologies has been exerting tremendous impact on our economic, social and cultural life.

On the one hand, informatization presents valuable ―digital opportunities‖ for economic growth and social progress. On the other hand , it presents various challenges to us.

Let us take active measures and push the development of IC technologies & t info industry in an effort to accelerate national informatization processes.Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

(1)L&G: Planet earth will don a complete ele skin in the near future. It uses the Internet as a scaffold to transmit its sensations.

This skin is being stitched together. It consist millions o electronic measuring devices, SA thermostats, pollution detectors, cameras, EKGs.

These will probe and monitor cities and endangered species, the atmosphere, our ships, highway vehicles, our bodies -- even our dreams. It is predicted that less than ten years from now,

there will be trillions of such telemetric sys, each with a microprocessor brain & a radio. They will be in constant contact with one another.

(2)What will the earth's new skin permit us to feel? How will we use its sensation?

For decade o longer there‘ll be no central nervous sys to manage this vast signaling network.

And there will be no central intelligence.

Bt we believe some qualities of self-awareness will emerge once t Net is sensually enhanced and emulates the complexity of the human brain.

(1)女士们.先生们：在不太遥远的将来，整个地球将披上一层电子皮肤。地球将利用因特网作为框架来传输感觉。这张电子皮肤正在缝合。

它由数以百万计的电子测量仪组成，例如恒温计.污染检测器.摄像机.心电图仪等。

测量仪将对城市.濒危物种.大气层.船只.高速公路车辆.人体甚至人的梦境进行探测和监视。预测用不了10年就会出现数万亿计这类遥测系统，

每个系统都有一个微处理器脑和一个无线电，它们将保持通信联系。

(2)地球的电子皮肤会使我们产生何种感觉呢? 我们将如何利用电子皮肤的感觉呢?

在10年或更长的时间里，不会有中枢神经系统来管理这一庞大的信号网络，不会出现中枢智能。但我们相信一旦这张网络的感觉能力提高并能模拟人脑复杂功能，某些自我意识性能就会随之而来。 (3)Sensuality is only one force pushing t Net toward intelligence.

An eerie symbiosis of human and machine effort is also starting to evolve:

The Internet creates a channel for thousands of programmers around the world to collaborate on software development and debugging.

Through collaboration, community can push past t technical barriers to machine intelligence. Though silicon networks today look nothing like t brain, nodes of t Net have begun to function as neuron.

Researchers have already tackled complex computing problems,

such as interpreting interstellar radio signals with about a million PCs working in concert. BL,discrete microprocessors‘ll probably be knitted together into adhoc distributed computers. Don't think of these as PC networks.

The terminals would just as likely be cell phones of palm-like devices, each one far smarter than today's heftiest desktops. We may think of this as a whole ecology,

an information environment that's massively connected.

(3)官能性只是驱动网络智能化的一种力量。一种怪诞可怕的人机共生的现象也已开始出现。因特网为世界各地成千上万的编程人员在软件的开发与调试方面进行合作提供了一个渠道。通过协作可使软件编程界越过技术障碍，达到机器智能阶段。

虽然今天硅片网络看上去和大脑没有任何相似之处，但是网络节点已开始发挥类似神经元的作用。研究人员早已解决复杂计算问题，如通过约100万台个人电脑协同计算，来解译星际无线电信号。用不了多久，分散的微处理器可能被编织在一起，组成一台台执行特定任务的计算机。不要把这类系统认作是个人电脑网络，终端机很可能是手掌般的手机，其智能程度远超过当今最先进台式计算机。

我们可以把这种系统看做一个完整的生态系统，一种大规模连接的信息环境。 (4)Such a sys works on a very simple principle, that is, Individuals add and team players multiply.\"

The whole will add up to more than the sum of its parts.

Individual ants, for example, can't fight off an attacking wasp, but a colony can.

A single brain cell is a simpleton, but a few tens of billions can perform mental miracles. (5)The network itself will become a huge digital creature.

We will carefully design it so that it will help human beings, not harm them.

That may not be easy, however.Emergent behavior could be mischievous, even sinister. In a real network, t digital clans might have distinct points of view, and one might be antithetical to another.

By t time sth like that happens, networks should gain some of the resilience and safeguards of living organisms. Networks will learn to heal themselves.

And when the earth's own skin signals danger -- seismic activity, a geomagnetic storm, or a worrisome spike in financial transactions –

the Net will sense it, alert people and reroute traffic.

(4)这种系统的工作原理很简单，即―个体做加法，群体做乘法‖。整体大于其部分之和。举例来说，单个蚂蚁无法击退发起攻击的黄蜂，但是一个蚁群就能做到。单个脑细胞只能产生傻子，而几百亿个脑细胞则可以创造出智力奇迹。

(5)这个网络本身将成为巨大数字动物。我们将谨慎地设计这种动物，使它给人类带来帮助而不是危害。而要做到这一点却不容易。突发性的行为可能是恶作剧般的，甚至是恶意的。在真实的网络中，数字氏族可能持不同的甚至是对立的观点。

到了类似情况发生的时候，网络可能获得了生物的某些应变能力和保护能力。网络将学会自我修复。当地球自身皮肤发出危险信号，如遇到地震活动.地磁风暴.金融交易中麻烦时，网络会感觉到危险，并向人们发出警报，改变行动路线。

(6)Humanity is now preparing to cast its net across the solar sys.

At a NASA laboratory in California, scientists are devising a version of the Internet called InterPlaNet that will weave the moon, Mars, and some asteroids and comets into the earth's expanding nervous system.

Td's communications bet earth & unmanned probes are expensive, proprietary, and complex. With InterPlaNet, we can simplify eth, cut costs, & engage t public more effectively. Then, t earth's telemetric body will span the reaches of t solar sys. T Net may not experience all t human thrills of exploration, but it will feel some tingles up & down in its spine. (6)人类正在准备把自己的网络撒向整个太阳系。

美国国家航空宇航局设在加州的一家实验室的科学家们正在设计一种名为―星际网‖的互联网，该网将把月球.火星.一些小行星和彗星编入日益扩展的地球神经系统。

目前地球与无人驾驶探测器之间的通信不仅费用昂贵，而且信息专有.操作复杂。有了星际网后，我们可以简化所有的程序，降低成本，更有效地使公众入网。到了那个时候，地球的遥测体将遍布整个太阳系。

网络可能体验不到人类所有的激动之情，但其脊椎的上下会感觉到某些激动的震颤。

(1)今天我想谈一下网络时代给人们的作息安排带来的影响。从前人们日出而作，日落而息。

没有人关心别的地方是否阳光灿烂。声音传达不到地球的另一端。

时间只是一个区域性的概念：挤牛奶有规定时间，割稻收麦有规定时间，坐下来休息也有规定时间。不知从哪一天开始，这些都发生了变化。今天，商务和通信二十四小时不停地进行着。

在有线电视的新闻节目中，所报道的事件不是在几点钟发生，而是在一个小时或30分钟前发生。当地时问已不再是一个有意义的时间标志。

(1)Today, I'd like to talk about t effects t Internet age has on our work-and-rest timetable. A long time ago, people rose with t sun & set with it.

Nobody cared if it was sunny somewhere else. Voices didn't carry across t planet.

Time was a local concept: time to milk the cows, to get in the wheat and rice, to sit and rest. Who knows when the changes began；all these have changed. Today, commerce and communications go around the clock.

On cable-TV news shows, events didn‘t happen at which hour, bt an hour or 30ms ago. Local time is no longer the meaningful marker of events. (2)在这个信息时代，因特网永远不会休息，永远不会睡觉。

而人总是要睡觉的，而且必须睡觉，因为人若要活下去就必须按自己的生物钟生活。然而在这个信息时代，共同的日常作息制度已经消亡，人与社会将从根本上受到冲击。

譬如说，我们伙伴也许已不是社区邻居，而是电子邮件目录上那些人，或许根本就不存在什么伙伴。

(2)In this info age，the Internet never breaks for a rest, nor for sleep. But humans will sleep & must sleep, bec if people want to stay alive， they must live by their own nature‘s clock.

HE, info age has seen death o shared routines & will shake people & society to their core. For eg，our companions perhaps are no longer our community neighbors， but t people on our e-mail list，or simply no one.

(3)二十四小时的全天候时间表在改变着我们的生活方式。21世纪的办公地点无处不在。我们外出度假时会随身携带无线手机或手提电脑。

有些人甚至把手机带入音乐厅和会议厅，因为在他们看来，错过一重要商业信息是不可弥补的过失。 (4)二十四小时的超高速的―因特网时间‖使我们无法静心休息和思考。越来越多的企业行政主管开始把自己有时间睡觉作为吹牛的资本。

对他们来说，地位的最大标志在于有力按照自然的生物钟而非网络钟来工作和休息。 (3)Round-t-clock timetables changing our way of life. T 21stC office never leaves us. We bring our Wireless cell phones and notebook computers when Vacationing.

There are people who bring their cell phones into concert halls and conference hall. For them, missing an important bz message is not a miss that is remediable.

(4)T round-t-clock hyperspeed ―Internet time‖ won‘t give us quiet time 4 resting and thinking. An increasing num of bz executives have taken to bragging about how much slp they get. 4 them, t ultimate symbol of status is t power to live by nature‘s clock rather than t Net‘s clock. (5)当然，从信息时代退回到农耕时代是不可能。

我认为，正确的态度应该是顺应时代的潮流，做时代的主人，而不要做二十一世纪的奴隶。我们要在这24小时因特网时间表内，

学会按照自己的生物钟来安排自己生活，而不要去追赶那永不落的网络太阳。二十四小时地拼命追赶网络太阳无疑是一种的表现，等于两头点蜡烛。我认为，我们既要有生有息的生物蜡烛，又要永不熄灭的网络电灯。 (5)OC, there is no going back to t agrarian past.

I think t right attitude is to follow t tide of t times & live as a master of our time without being t kind of t slave of 21stC.

We will learn to arrange our lives according to our nature‘s clock within t framework of t 24-hour internet timetable, rather than chasing after t Net‘s sun that never sets， for such an act is undoubtedly，

NO a sign of incompetence BA an act of burning t candle at both ends.

AFA I'm concerned, we need ever-shining Net's light WO sacrificing t nature's candle has a life.

(1)IBM has enjoyed a relationship with China that has endured for more than half a century. Bt I do not believe there has ever been a more exciting time to do business here, as vast new opportunity is created by your sweeping modernization.

This transformation, I believe, will underscore the critical importance of IT as a driver of competitive success and real economic growth for China.

So today I want to talk to u about what I believe has to be the agenda of a leader of an enterprise—business, government agency, university, hospital, bank anywhere in the world—the agenda regarding this technology.

(2)Some of you know that before I came to IBM, my background was a lot like yours. I was a customer of IBM, a customer of the computer industry.

I arrived at IBM with a firmly held conviction that this technology is one of those transformational technologies that comes along every hundred years or so and changes everything in our society.

(3)Today, in almost every industry in almost every part of t world there are many examples of

enterprises applying this tech to seize competitive advantage and to create enormous challenges for their competitors.

I think we're seeing IT reach t point that all transformational techs reach when they are no longer controlled by just a small group of skilled professionals, and they cross over to mass acceptance and ubiquity.

For example, networking technology, though in its infancy,

has already reached t point where we can call it a new mass medium. (1)IBM和中国的合作已长达半个多世纪。

但我认为和中国做生意，从未有过比现在更令人鼓舞时刻，贵国全面现代化为我们提供新广阔机遇。在这一场变革中，我认为对中国而言，信息技术作为在竞争中取胜和经济增长真正推动力，它的重要作用将得到进一步加强。

所以，今天我想和各位谈一谈信息技术。

我认为它必定已列入世界各地企事业领导的议事日程，不管是企业.部门.大学.医院还是银行。 (2)在座的有些人知道，我在来IBM任职前，情况同你们很相似。那时我只是一名IBM的客户，一名计算机产业的客户。到IBM任职时，我有一个坚定的信念：

信息技术是一项划时代技术，这样的技术一百年左右才出现一次，它的到来会改变人类社会的一切。 (3)今天世界上几乎每个角落的几乎任何产业，

都有许多企业通过运用信息技术取得竞争优势，向竞争对手展开猛烈挑战。

我认为我们正在目睹信息技术进入所有划时代的技术都会经历的一个重要阶段，

它不再只为少数专业人员所掌控，信息技术已步入大众，为大众接受，并无处不在。例如，网络技术虽然尚处于初创阶段，但已经发展到可以被称之为新大众媒体的程度。

(4)Some people are talking about a phenomenon they call \"Internet Leapfrog\a high-stakes game in which countries and geographies that make the most astute use of networked technologies quickly bypass other regions in production, productivity, and profitable growth. Today, this contest of Internet Leapfrogging is played on a wide-open field. (5)We hear about 100m connected users in China ... and some equate that with universal connectivity.

Today, it's evident that the Net represents a transformation far more profound than online \"chat\" groups or giving people access to sports scores and weather reports. It has emerged as a powerful means for parties of every type to conduct interactions of every type. (6)Certainly, it's changing t way things are bought and sold.

Electronic commerce is booming, creating a marketplace of at least a trillion dollars, most of which comes from bz to bz transactions.

E-bz includes transactions among employees inside an enterprise, among trading partners in a supply chain, OC, the network transactions that transform the way educators teach students, physicians treat patients, and the way governments deliver services to citizens. All of these interactions have become digital.

(4)有些人正在谈论一种―互联网蛙跳‖现象，这是一个下大赌注的游戏。在这个游戏中，运用互联网技术最为精湛的国家和地区，将很快在生产.生产力和利润增长方面超过其他国家和地区。今天，这场―互联网络蛙跳‖竞争是在完全开放的背景下展开的。 (5)听说中国上网用户已达到1亿，有人说这是―亿万一网‖。

今天很明显，互联网络代表着一种比网上聊天或向人们播报体育比赛成绩和天气预报更深远的变革。互联网络成为一种威力强大的工具，凭借这种工具，各种各样的人可以从事各种各样的交流。 (6)当然，它也正在改变商品买卖的方式，电子交易正在蓬勃兴起，

已造就一个交易额至少达万亿美元的市场，其中大部分是企业之间的交易。电子商务包括企事业内部员工之间的交流活动.供应链上商业伙伴之间的交易，

当然也包括网上教育.网上医疗服务.网上市民服务等活动。所有这些活动都已数字化。 (7)In projects with customers around the world,

we're learning that when they make the move to e-bz, they follow a fairly predictable, three-stage process.

First, putting up information on a web site product catalog, academic course listings, a list of phone numbers to call for more information.

The second stage is enabling some form of interaction, typically for customer service. Allowing a customer to track the status of an overnight package is one example.

Yamato Transport in Jp & United Parcel Service in America are among companies doing this. Now United Parcel Service in America is launching an entirely new bz, going to the third, and most important stage of electronic commerce.

This third stage is the one that represents the real transformation and the major payoff. (8)It's when the enterprise takes the step to allow real Net-based transactions. This kind of decision-making is the real revolution in the networked world. It's not just about technology.

It's a changed way of life, because when banks, schools, airlines, hospitals and governments use the Net to allow people to execute transactions,

they have to make fundamental changes to the way they currently do things.

(7)我们与全球范围客户合作过程中发现，当他们引入电子商务，都会走基本可预测―三部曲‖式的道路。首先，他们将企事业信息放到互联网上，如产品目录.课程设置.查询电话号码等。其次，进行一定形式的交互活动，通常是为客户服务，例如，

它可让客户追踪头天交寄邮包的投递情况，日本Yamato运输公司和美国联合包裹公司正在这样做。联合包裹公司现正开展全新商务活动，这是互联网络商务活动第3阶段,也是电商最令人激动阶段。第三个阶段代表电子商务所带来的真正的变革。

(8)企业在此阶段大大地前进了一步，开展真正基于互联网的商务活动。这样决策代表网络世界出现的真正。

这不只是技术上的，这是一种全新的生活方式，

因为，当银行.学校.航空公司.医院和部门都在通过互联网络让人们进行业务活动时，他们就必须对现行的办事方式进行根本性的变革。

(1)GM. My topic today is \"New Rules for Building Wealth in the Information Age.\" T old foundations of success are gone.

For all of human history t source of success has been controlling natural resources -- land, gold and oil. Suddenly the answer is \"knowledge.\"

T king of t knowledge economy, Bill Gates, owns no land, gold or oil, no industrial processes. (2)How does one use knowledge to build wealth?

How do societies to be reorganized to generate a wealth-enhancing knowledge environment? How do they incubate the entrepreneurs necessary to bring about change and create wealth? What skills are needed?

The knowledge-based economy is asking new questions, giving new answers, and developing new rules for the success game.

(1)女先们，上午好。我今天演讲题目是―信息时代创造财富的新准则‖。昔日成功基础已不复存在。整个人类史上，成功源于对土地.黄金和石油等自然资源的控制。突然间，成功钥匙变成―知识‖。知识经济之王比尔·盖茨既没有土地.黄金.石油，也没有工业生产过程。 (2)我们不禁要问，人们是怎样用知识来创造财富?

如何对社会进行重组才能营造增加财富的知识环境?

社会怎样培育对于实现变革和创造财富不可缺少的那种企业家?人们需要掌握哪些技能? 以知识为基础的经济正在提出一些新问题，提供新答案，探究成功的新的游戏准则。

(3)Rule 1: No one ever becomes very rich by saving money.

IT has opened up opportunities for new products with more advanced capabilities and new processes with much higher levels of productivity. This was true for John Rockefeller as it is for Bill Gates.

For both of them lifetime savings constituted a small fraction of total wealth.

Carefully saving money & investing in normal equilibrium situations can make one comfortable in old age but never really wealthy.In what has come to be seen as the information revolution, opps arising from new & high technology are creating fortunes faster than ever before. The US has created more billionaires in the past 15 yrs than in its previous history. (3)规则之一：无人可以储蓄致富。

信息技术使人们有机会开发性能更先进的新产品，采用生产力水平更高的新过程。

这无论对约洛克菲勒还是比盖茨来说都一样，他们两人毕生的储蓄仅占全部财富的微不足道一部分。省吃俭用地存钱.按常态投资可以使人晚年生活舒适，但绝不可能成为真正的富翁。

在这个被视为信息的时代，高新技术带来的机会所创造的财富速度比以往任何时期都快。过去15年美国造就的亿万富翁超过以往历史上出现的所有亿万富翁的总和。

(4)Rule 2: Sometimes successful bzs have to cannibalize themselves to save themselves.

Business must be willing to destroy the old while it is still successful if they wish to build the new that will become successful.

If they don't destroy themselves, others will destroy them.

Disequilibrium means great threats as well as great opportunities.

Of what were the 12 largest American companies at the beginning of the twentieth century, 11 were not around to see the beginning of the twenty-first century.

Technological breakthroughs occur, t economic environment changes, they could not adjust. (5)For eg, when the microprocessor allowed the personal computer to replace the mainframe as the dominant growth market in the computer industry,

the old industrial leader, IBM, fell off a cliff, and new leaders, Intel and Microsoft emerged. IBM understood the new technology and wanted to compete\" but could not destroy its old business to build the new.

(4)规则之二：有时成功的企业必须自我毁灭才能拯救自己。

企业必须在依旧成功之际甘愿自我毁灭，方能建立起更加成功的新企业。如果不自我毁灭，就会被别人毁灭。

不平衡不仅意味着巨大的机会，而且也意味着巨大的威胁。

在20世纪初曾名列美国最大的12家公司中，有11家没有看到21世纪的曙光。技术突破不断出现，经济环境不断变化，而这些公司未能适应新的形势。

(5)举例来说，当微处理器使个人电脑取代大型计算机成为计算机行业中居主导地位的成长性产品时，该行业昔日的龙头老大从巅峰上栽了下来，而执牛耳的新公司英特尔和微软出现了。

IBM公司懂得这种新技术，也希望竞争一番，但它未能摧毁自己的大型计算机旧业务以建立新业务。 (6)Rule 3: Taking advantage of sociological disequilibria and developmental disequilibria. Entrepreneurs see sociological opportunities to change human habits. The cruise industry took advantage of a shift in demographics:

the relative purchasing power of the elderly had doubled in two decades.

Cruises, known at least since t days of Cleopatra, became the perfect vacation for t elderly: We move you~ you don't have to move.

Some owners of cruise lines have become billionaires by exploiting sociological disequilibria. (6)规则之三：充分利用社会的不平衡性与发展的不平衡性。企业家能够发现社会领域出现的改变人们习惯的机会。

航海旅游业利用了人口结构方面发生的变化，即在过去20年，老年人相对购买力增加一倍。

至少从埃及艳后克丽奥帕特拉那个时代起就出名的航海旅游业，现在成了老年人的最佳休闲方式：

我们载您走，您不必自己迈步。一些航海游船公司的老板利用社会领域的不平衡而成为亿万富翁。 (7)Rule 4: A successful knowledge-based economy requires large public investments in edu, infrastructure, and RD.

Some countries are willing to invest in RD; others are not.

For countries or companies technological leadership is not t same thing as RD spending.

Europe spends its share on research, but if one looks at technological leadership, that spending does not seem to be paying off.

To pay off, research has to be followed by the activities necessary to embed the newly developed technologies in the economy.

(8)America outclasses Europe not so much in RD spending on IT,

For example, as in investments in information hardware and software.

Rates of return on RD spending are far above those found elsewhere in the economy.

Government now pays for about 30 % of total RD in t country, but with a 66 % rate of return. Private returns are apt to be much more certain if one is looking for an extension of existing knowledge rather than for a major breakthrough;

so many private firms tend to concentrate their money on t developmental end o RD process. Time lags are also shorter, and in t bz world speed is everything.

(7)规则之四：成功的知识经济要求在教育.基础设施和研究与开发等领域里投入巨资。有些国家愿意在研发方面投资，也有些国家不愿意这么做。对国家和公司来说，技术上的领先地位与研发投入是两码事。

欧洲在研究方面花的钱并不少，但反观其在技术上的领先地位，这种花费似乎没有产生应有的效果。要使开支产生效益，就必须继研究之后开展必要的活动.使新开发的技术应用于经济活动。

(8)例如，美国超越欧洲的并不是其在信息技术研发上的投资，而是在信息硬件与软件上的投资。研发的投资收益远高于经济其他方面的投资收益。

现在每年花在信息技术研发上的钱约占全国研发总投资的30％，收益率为66％。如果人们争取现有知识的扩大而非实现重大的突破，私人收益就会更有把握。因此许多私营公司往往把他们的钱投在研发领域。

这样，投资与收益的时间差也会缩短。商界速度就是一切。

(9)Rule 5: T biggest unknown for t individual in a knowledge-based economy of this information age is how to have a career in a system where there are no permanent careers.

Education has been a high-return as well as a high-risk investment for the individual. When new knowledge makes old skills obsolete,

firms want to employ workers who already have that knowledge.

In the second half of the 1990s, profitable American companies laid off more than half a million workers each year despite the economic boom.

The old career ladders are gone. The old lifetime employees are gone. (0)Explicitly or implicitly, today's college graduates are given a message. You are unlikely to have a lifetime career in any one company. Regular annual wage increases are a thing of the past.

You are going to have to learn to take responsibility for and manage your own career. In a fast-changing world,

older employees too often bring obsolete experience and out-of-date skills. There are always a lot of young employees who look more promising.

(9)规则五：在信息时代的知识经济中，对个人说最大未知数是如何在无终身职业的中拥有职业。教育对个人既是高回报投资，也是高风险投资。

当新知识淘汰旧技术时，公司希望雇佣那些掌握这种新知识的工人。

在20世纪90年代后5年中，尽管经济繁荣，赢利的美国公司每年都要解雇50万名以上的员工。以往的职业阶梯已不复存在，以往的终身员工制度也不复存在。

(0)无论是明说还是暗示，传递给今日大学毕业生信息是，你在任何一家公司都不大可能被终身雇佣。定期加工资的做法已成为历史。

你要学会如何对自己的职业负责，学会如何管理好自己的职业。

在一个迅速变化的世界，年纪较大的员工带来的经验和技能往往是陈旧过时的。社会上永远有着大量的更有前途的待聘青年。

(1)To summarize, the information revolution is making obsolete old institutions and old modes of operation, requiring the individual, the firm, and the nation to change.

For the individuals, here are three words of advice, knowledge, information, skills. The economic prospects of those without knowledge, information and skills are bleak.

For t firms, cannibalization. That is, a company should deliberately destroy existing profitable activities to allow for new and more promising business operations.

And for t nations, investment. A country expecting a sustainable economic growth should constantly increase investment in education, infrastructure and R&D. (1)现在我来总结以上所讲话，信息使旧和旧的运作方式变得过时，从而要求个人.公司和国家作出相应的变化。

对个人来说，我的忠告是三个词，知识.信息和技能。一个没有知识.信息和技能的人其经济前景是可悲的。

对公司来说, 忠告是自我摧毁，即有意识地摧毁现有赢利活动，以便引入新.更有前途商务运作业务。对国家来说，忠告是投入，希望经济能持续增长的国家必须对教育.基础设施及研发不断增加投入。

Unit Fourteen Foreign policy 外交 (1)尊敬的各位使节：女士们先生们：国际形势正在发生复杂而深刻的变化。

和平与发展仍然是当今时代的主题。维护和平.促进发展，是各国人民共同的强烈愿望。但国际关系中不确定.不稳定因素有所增加，各种传统和非传统安全问题相互交织。和平问题没解决，发展问题更严重。

解决当今世界面临的各种紧迫问题和长远问题，

需要世界各国坚持不懈的努力，需要加强国际间的友好合作。

和平共处五原则作为指导习国际关系基本准则，具有重大的现实意义，应得到认真遵循和切实履行。 (2)我们应该坚定不移地维护国家主权平等。

国家主权是国家的根本标志，是国家利益的集中体现和可靠保障。

随着经济全球化和新科技的发展，国家间的相互联系和相互依存愈益加深，但这并不意味着可以忽视和削弱国家主权的地位与作用。

必须实行国际关系民主化,任何国家都无权把自己意志强加手人,以任何借口损害和剥夺别国的主权，不尊重别国主权，以大欺小，以强凌弱，推行霸权主义和强权政治，实践证明是行不通的。 (1)Distinguished Diplomatic Envoys, Ladies and Gentlemen,

The international situation is undergoing complex and profound changes. Peace and development remain the themes of our times.

It‘s t common aspiration of the world people to seek for peace & development.

However, factors of uncertainty and instability in international relations are on the increase, as the various traditional and non-traditional security threats are intertwined.

While peace is yet to be achieved, development has become even a more aggravated issue. Finding answers to the various immediate and long-term problems facing the world,

requires t persistent efforts of all countries & their strengthened friendship and cooperation. T 5 Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, as t basic norms governing international relations, remain highly relevant &

should be observed with all seriousness & implemented in real earnest. (2)We should firmly uphold the principle of sovereign equality.

Sovereignty is the birthmark of any independent state,

and is also the crystallization and best safeguard of its national interests. The increasing interaction & interdependence among countries,

thanks to the surging economic globalization and new science & technological revolution, does not mean t status & role of sovereignty can in any way be neglected or weakened. It is imperative to have greater democracy in international relations.

No country has t right to impose its will on others, nor can it undermine or deny other countries‘ sovereignty under whatever excuse.

Facts have proven that such practices as disregarding others' sovereignty,

bullying the small and the weak by one's size and power and pursuing hegemony and power politics would not get anywhere. (3)我们应该尊重和维护世界文明多样性。

各国文明多样性，是人类社会基本特征，也是推动世界文明进步的重要动力。当今世界拥有60亿人口，200多个国家和地区，2500多个民族，5K多种语言。

各国家和地区，无论是历史传统.宗教信仰和文化背景，或社会制度.价值观念和发展程度，往往存在种种差异，整个人类文明也因此而交相辉映.多姿多彩。这种文明的多样性是在历史长河中形成的，并将长期存在下去。

(4)中国古代思想家孔子曾说过，―万物并育而不相害，道并行而不相悖‖。应该充分尊重各国文明的多样性，而不应人为歧视或贬低他国文明；

应该鼓励各种文明在对话交流中相互借鉴.取长补短，而不应相互隔绝和相互排斥；应该倡导各种文明在相互包容，求同存异同发展。而不应强求一律.强加于人。 (3)We should respect and maintain the diversity of the world's civilizations.

The diverse civilizations are a hallmark of human society & an important driving force behind the progresss of world civilization course.

Our world today has over 6b inhabitants living in more than 200 countries and regions.

They break down into over 2,500 ethnic groups and speak more than 5000 different languages. Be it historical tradition, faith and culture , or social system, values and level of development, those countries or regions are often different from 'one another.

It is these differences that make the human civilization dazzling, colorful and bustling with life. Such diversity is a legacy of history and will stay with us in the future.

(4)The ancient Chinese thinker Confucius once said, \"All living creatures grow together without harming one another；ways run parallel without interfering with one another.\" Instead of harboring bias against or deliberately belittling other civilizations, we should give full respect to the diversity of civilizations.

Instead of shutting each other out in mutual exclusion, we should encourage dialog and exchange between civilizations so they can learn from each' other in mutual emulation.

Instead of demanding uniformity & imposing 1's will on others, we should promote CD of all civilizations in t course of mutual tolerance and SCG&WSD: (5)我们应该在平等互利基础上促进各国经济的共同发展。

经济领域的平等互利，就是要尊重各国的经济自主权，平等参与，公平竞争，互利共赢。 (6)解决发展问题，首先要靠发展中国家的自身努力，同时发达国家也应负起责任，在开放市场扩大贸易.增加援助.减免债务等方面进一步采取切实措施。

国际经济规则的制定和修改，应尊重和体现发展中国家的权益，而一经制定就要共同遵守。

面对新科技的迅猛发展,应积极推动技术转让和科技合作，使各国能分享人类科技进步的成果。 (5)We should promote CD of the world's economies on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. In applying the principle of equality and mutual benefit to the economic realm,

we should respect the right of all countries to make independent economic decisions, their equal right to participate in competition on a level playing field,

their access to mutual benefit and economic success. (6)Finding an answer to development, first & foremost, requires t efforts of t developing countries themselves.

But the developed countries must also live up to their share of responsibilities,

by taking further steps in opening up their markets, expanding trade, increasing aid programs, and reducing and forgiving debts.

In formulating or revising international economic rules,

it is necessary to respect and reflect the rights and interests of the developing world. Once made, the rules must be faithfully observed by all parties.

In t face of rapid technological revolution, it is necessary to facilitate technological transfer and cooperation so that all nations can share the benefits of scientific advances. (7)我们应该通过对话与协作维护世界的和平与安全。

历史表明，以军事联盟为基础.以加强军备为手段的旧安全观，无助于保障国际安全。动辄诉诸武力或以武力相威胁，就会影响乃至破坏世界的和平与安宁。

必须坚决摒弃冷战思维，牢固树立以互信.互利.平等.协作为核心的新安全观。 (8)要防范和打击一切形式的，并努力消除产生的根源。对核武器扩散.毒品泛滥和其他犯罪等非传统安全威胁，应在国际法原则基础上，通过加强国际合作加以有效应对。 (9)对艾滋病蔓延.生态恶化等威胁人类健康与生存的全球性问题，应本着对子孙负责的态度，加大国际合作防治的力度。

(7)We should maintain world peace and security through dialog and cooperation.

History shows that the old security concept centered on military alliances and arms build-ups did poorly to keep the world safe.

Resorting to use or threat of force at every turn can only impede, even jeopardize, world peace & tranquility.

The Cold War mentality must be done away to build a new security concept featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and cooperation.

(8)While we stand on guard against & strike hard on terrorism in all forms and manifestations, it is essential to remove the root causes that breed the menace.

In face o weapons proliferation, drug trafficking, trans-boundary crimes & other non-traditional security threats, it‘s necessary to take on them with strengthened international cooperation consistent with the principles of international law.

(9)In t face of such global concerns as HIV/AIDS, environmental degradation and other threats to human health & survival, it‘s necessary to take precautions through stepping up international cooperation for the welfare of future generations.

(0)中国社会主义现代化建设道路是一条和平发展的道路。这条道路，

就是利用世界和平的有利时机实现自身发展，又以自身的发展更好地维护和促进世界和平；就是在积极参与经济全球化和区域合作的同时，主要依靠自己的力量和改革创新来实现发展；就是坚持对外开放，在平等互利的基础上，积极发展同世界各国的合作；

就是聚精会神搞建设，一心一意谋发展，长期维护和平的国际环境和良好的周边环境；就是永远不称霸，永远做维护世界和平和促进共同发展的坚定力量。

(0)The road of China's socialist modernization drive is a road of peaceful development. In taking this road，

China's intentions are to seize favorable conditions of WP to develop itself and in t contrary，better safeguard & promote world peace through its own development.

China bases its development mainly on its own resources and its own reform and innovation efforts, while also taking an active part in economic globalization and regional cooperation. China will continue t process of opening up and promote cooperation with all other countries

on the basis of equality and mutual benefit,

China will focus on construction, concentrate on development, and work to preserve a LT peaceful international environment and an excellent neighboring environment.

China will never seek hegemony & will always remain a staunch force safeguarding world peace and promoting common development.

(1)我们坚持走和平发展道路，坚定不移地高举和平.发展.合作的旗帜，

一如既往地奉行自主的和平外交，坚持在和平共处五项原则基础上与世界各国友好相处。 (2)我们坚定维护国家主权和领土完整，绝不允许别人干涉中国内政，同时尊重别国的主权和领土完整。 (3)我们将继续推动世界多极化.国际关系民主化和发展模式多样化，

促进经济全球化朝着有利于各国共同繁荣的方向发展，积极倡导多边主义和新安全观，

反对霸权主义和强权政治，反对一切形式的，推动建立和平稳定.公正合理的国际新秩序。 (1)In taking the road of peaceful development,

we will unswervingly hold high the banner of peace, development and cooperation,

always follow an independent foreign policy of peace, and maintain friendly relations with all other countries on the basis of the 5 principles of peaceful coexistence. (2)We will firmly safeguard national sovereignty and territorial integrity, tolerating no one to interfere in our internal affairs.

At the ST, we will respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of others.

(3)We will continue to promote world multipolarization, democracy in international relations and diversity in development models, and encourage the progress of economic globalization in a direction conducive to the common prosperity of all nations.

We‘ll vigorously advocate multilateralism & a new concept of security & oppose hegemony, power politics, and terrorism in all its manifestations.

We will work for a new international order that is peaceful, stable, fair and equitable. (4)我们将在平等互利基础上扩大对外开放，广泛深入开展对外经济技术合作。我们将深化与发展中国家的互利合作，维护与发展中国家的共同利益，积极探索新形势下开展南南合作的有效途径。

(5)坚持与邻为善.以邻为伴的方针，继续推进睦邻.安邻.富邻的，加强与周边国家的友好合作关系，深化区域合作。

进一步发展同发达国家的关系，努力扩大共同利益的汇合点，妥善处理分歧。

(6)我们将积极参与国际多边外交活动，维护和加强联合国及其安理会的权威和主导作用，在国际和地区组织中作出建设性的努力。

我们将全面加强经济外交和对外文化交流，积极维护我国公民在海外的生命安全和合法权益。 (7)要和平.求发展.促合作，已成为人心所向.奔腾不息的时代潮流。中国和中国人民愿与世界各国人民一道，

共同为维护和促进人类的和平.发展与进步事业而不懈努力。谢谢大家.

(4)We will open still wider to the outside world on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, conduct economic & technical cooperation with other countries with greater scope & depth. We will promote mutually beneficial cooperation with developing countries, safeguard the common interests we share with them, & actively

explore ways for effective South-South cooperation under t new circumstances.

(5)We‘ll adhere to our policy of building friendship & partnership with neighboring countries and creating an amicable, secure and prosperous neighborhood,

strengthen friendly relations and cooperation with our neighboring countries， facilitate regional cooperation.

(6)We will strengthen relations with developed countries,

strive to expand areas of common interests and deal with differences appropriately. We will actively participate in international and multilateral diplomacy,

safeguard and strengthen the authority and leading role of t UN and t UNSC, and work constructively in international and regional orgs.

We‘ll intensify economic diplomacy and expand cultural exchanges with other countries. We‘ll vigorously protect lives&legitimate rights & interests o Chinese nationals living abroad. (7)Aspiring for peace, development and cooperation

has become t popular will & t irresistible tide of the times.

T Chinese Government & people are ready to work unremittingly with t people of all other nations to safeguard & promote t cause of world peace, development & progress.Thank u.

(1)It's my pleasure this morning to outline t most important instruments of modern Am

foreign policy, diplomacy, the UN, the international monetary fund, economic aid, collective security, & military deterrence.

An understanding of these instruments, I believe,

will help you further understand the conduct of American foreign policy.

(2)T utmost purpose o Am foreign policy is to defend national sovereignty & national interests. In light of the history and development of American values, diplomacy has been regarded as the most important instrument to which all other instruments must be subordinated. Its purpose is to promote national values or interests by peaceful means.

However, diplomacy, by its very nature, is often overshadowed by spectacular international events, dramatic initiatives, and meetings among heads of state.

Worse still, traditional American distrust of diplomacy continues today, albeit in weaker form. Impatience with or downright distrust of diplomacy has been built not only into all the other instruments of foreign policy but also into the modern presidential system itself. Due to the time limit, I'm not going to talk about this problem in any extensive way. (1)女先们：今天上午我很高兴向各位简单介绍一下现代美国外交中最重要的工具，即外交手段.联合国.国际货币组织.经济援助.共同安保和军事威慑。

我认为，了解美国外交的这些工具将有助于各位进一步理解美国外交的表现。 (2)美国外交的最高宗旨是维护国家主权和利益。

从美国价值观的历史和发展角度看，外交手段被视为最重要外交工具，其他工具都必须服从外交手段. 外交手段的目的在于通过和平方法来强化美国的价值观和国家利益。然而，由于外交手段受到自身特征的制约，一些不寻常的国际事件.戏剧性的主动行动以及国家元首的峰会等，常常导致外交手段的作用黯然失色。

更糟糕的是，美国对外交手段不信任的传统仍在延续，只是形式上不那么强烈而已。

对采用外交手段的不耐烦或彻底不信任的态度，不仅已渗透到美国外交的其他工具中去，而且也影响到现代总统。由于时间关系，我对这个问题就不展开讨论。

(3)T utility of t UN to the US as an instrument of foreign policy can too easily be underestimated. Over the years since its founding in 1945,

the UN has been more or less a servant of American interests.

The most spectacular examples were the official UN authorization and sponsorship of intervention in the \"troubled spots\" of the world with an international peacekeeping force. Consider this fact. The US provides an average quarter of the UN budget. Many Americans feel the UN does not give good value for the investment.

But any evaluation of t UN must take into account t purpose for which t US sought to create it. power without diplomacy.

In many cases, a victory of the UN is a victory of the US.

In recent years, however, with the growing position of China and some other countries in international diplomacy, the US can no longer control UN decisions as it did before. But the UN will continue to function as a useful instrument of American foreign policy.

(3)联合国作为美国的外交的工具所发挥的功用很容易被低估。自1945年成立以来，联合国或多或少地成了美国利益的服务工具。

最典型的事例，在联合国正式授权和操办下，国际维和可以对世界上的―麻烦‖地区进行干预。你得考虑一事实，美国给联合国提供的经费占联合国总预算1/4。许多美国人认为，联合国没对这种投资有良好回报。

但对联合国的任何评价都必须考虑到美国所追求的目的，即不使用外交手段的力量。很多事例表明，联合国的胜利就是美国的胜利。

然而由于中国及其他国家近年来国际外交地位的提高，美国再也无法像以前那样控制联合国的决策。当然，联合国作为美国外交的有效工具，将继续发挥这样的作用。 (4)The World Bank was set up to finance long-term capital.

Leading nations took on the obligation of contributing funds to enable t World Bank to make loans to capital-hungry countries.

The US quota has been about one-third of the total.

The IMF (t International Monetary Fund) was set up to provide for t short-term flow of money & lend dollars to needy member countries to help them overcome temporary trade deficits. The US also has a big role in financing the IMF.

American commitment to rebuilding war-torn countries came as early as its commitment to the postwar international monetary structure.

(5)Enacting American foreign aid constitutes part of the American foreign policy.

During t last 50yrs, t geographic emphasis of Am economic aid shifted from assisting t reconstruction and recovery of western Europe, to Southeast Asia, and then to what became known as the Third World.

Critics argued foreign aid is aid for t minority political & economic elites, not for t people. A much more important critique is Am foreign economic assistance has failed to contribute fully to Am interests bec its administration is often put outside the State Department. 世界银行的建立是为提供长期资本。

强国承担提供资金的义务，以便世界银行可以向资本紧缺的国家贷款。美国的配额占世界银行总资本的1/3。

国际货币基金组织(IMF)的建立是为了向所需资金的成员国提供短期贷款，帮助这些国家解决暂时的贸易赤字问题。

美国在向国际货币基金组织提供资金方面也同样起着重要作用。

美国在致力于建立战后国际货币组织的同时，又致力于帮助遭受战争破坏的国家重建家园的工作。 (5)实施美国对外援助是美国外交的一个组成部分。在过去的50年里，

美国经济援助的地域重心由援助西欧的重建转为援助东南亚，后又转为援助所谓的第三世界。许多批评人士认为，对外援助事实上是对一小部分政治上层人物和经济上层人物的援助，而不是对普通老百姓的援助。

另一种更为重要的批评是，美国对外经济援助未能充分发挥有助于美国利益的作用，因为对外援助的实施常常不是在的范围内进行的。

(6) The US gives great importance to regional collective security agreements. This country has entered a number of collective security treaties, both multilateral and bilateral.

A typical example is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

Ams realize t US can‘t meet its world obligation through t UN & economic structures alone. There is a need for military alliance with other countries for national and world security. Consequently, t US has consistently devoted at least 6% of its GNP to defense.

(7)Military deterrence was a product of US-Soviet confrontation since the end of World War II, wn t traditional Am strategy of \"demobilization in peace & remobilization in war\" was broken. However, t size of t defense budget has not been central to the consideration of deterrence as

an instrument of foreign policy.

What is important is t advanced military technology, which is regarded by most congressmen as the primary deterrence in the world.

(6)美国重视签订地区性共同安保协定。美国已加入一系列共同安保条约，有多边的，也有双边的。一个典型的例子就是北大西洋公约组织(北约)。

美国人意识到，美国不能单单依靠联合国和经济组织来负担其世界责任。和世界安全需要美国与其他国家结成联盟。

为此，美国在国防上投入的资金一直占其国民生产总值的6％以上. (7)军事威慑是二战后美苏对抗的产物。

二战结束后，美国打破了―和平时期遣散.战争时期重塑‖的传统策略。

然而，防卫预算的大小对于将威慑视为外交的一种手段并不重要，重要的是先进的军事技术。大部分国会议员都将先进的军事技术视为世界上最重要的威慑力量。

(8) Although Republicans and Democrats look at the world somewhat differently,

although each president has tried to impose a distinctive flavor of his own on foreign policy, they have all made use of these basic instruments.

They all understand that power plus diplomacy is t best solution to the problem of controlling conflict among the distrustful nations of the world. (8)虽然共和党人和民主党人看待世界的方法有所不同，

虽然每届总统都试图将自己与众不同的个人特色强加于外交，但他们无不利用上述这六种基本外交手段。

他们都明白，强权加外交是控制世界上互不信任的国家之间冲突的最佳良方。

(1)女先们：我愿借此机会来回顾一下中美关系，并对中美关系的未来作出展望。中美关系可以说是―历经风雨，不断向前发展‖。

中美建交前，两国关系曾经历一段众所周知的不幸历史。如今，中美共同致力于发展中美建设性合作关系，两国领导人通过访问.国际场合会晤.热线电话.书信等方式就双边关系和共同关心的重大国际和地区问题保持着密切联系和沟通。

(2)建交之初，中美之间没有任何间合作协议。如今，两国间合作协议已超过30。

双边贸易额在1978年只有9.9亿美元，相互投资为零。去年双边贸易额达到1696.2亿美元。美在华实际投资累计已达500亿美元，一些中国企业也开始落户美国。

中美曾经几近隔绝。如今，双方人员往来每年超过百万人次，平均每天有3K多人飞越太平洋。中美航班现在每周有次，到2010年将达到249次。

(1)L&G, I'd like to take this opp to review Sino-US relations & outline their future development. Sino-US relations, so to speak, have moved ahead steadily amid twists and turns.

As u all know, relations bet C& US had had a rather unfortunate experience before t EoDR. Td t 2 countries work closely together to promote a constructive & cooperative relationship. Through exchange of visits, meetings at international gatherings, hotline conversations & correspondence, the leaders of our two countries have stayed in touch with each other on bilateral relations and major international or regional issues of mutual interest. (2) In t early days of Sino-US diplomatic relations,

there was no intergovernmental cooperation agreement to speak of. Today t number of such agreements has exceeded 30.

Bilateral trade in 1978 was only $990m and mutual investment, zero. LY, Sino-US trade reached $169.62B.

US investment in China has added up to $50B in paid-in value & some Chinese enterprises are starting US-based bz.

China & t US, once almost completely cut off from each other are seeing more than 1m of their people traveling every yr with over 3,000 people flying over the Pacific every day.

Now t 2 countries are served by flights a wk & t num is expected to reach 249 by 2010. (3) 26年来，世界形势发生深刻变化。

人类走出冷战对抗的阴霾，求和平.谋发展.促合作成为不可阻挡的历史潮流。世界各国利益交织，相互依存加深。

同时世界上仍存不少不稳定.不安全因素，

.大规模杀伤性武器扩散.毒品走私.疾病传播等全球问题日益突出。

(4)在此背景下，中美间共同利益不但没减，反而增加；中美间的合作的基础不但没削弱，反而加强；中美关系的重要性不但没降低，反而更突出。

去年11月，和布什总统在智利圣地亚哥会晤，

一致同意进步推进中美建设性合作关系，加强两国在双边领域和重要国际和地区问题的对话与合作。这为新世纪中美关系的发展指明方向。

今年，和布什总统将实现互访。

两国元首成功互访，将为中美建设性合作关系的进一步发展注入新的动力。 (3)Over the 26 years, the world has undergone profound changes.

Humanity has moved out of t dark shadow cast by the Cold War standoff,

with peace, development and cooperation emerging as the irresistible trend of history. With their interests intertwining, countries have become increasingly interdependent. In t meantime, many factors of instability and insecurity remain,

such as terrorism, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, drug trafficking, spread of deadly diseases and other outstanding global problems.

(4)Against such a backdrop, Sino-U.S. common interest has increased rather than decreased; the foundation of their cooperation has solidified rather than weakened;

the importance of the relationship has become more pronounced rather than curtailed.

During their summit meeting in Santiago, Chile last November, P Hu Jintao and P Bush agreed to further the constructive and cooperative relations bet t 2 countries & step up their dialogue and cooperation in bilateral ties and on important international and regional issues.

What they did amounted to charting a direction for Sino-US relations in the 21st century. This year, the two presidents will exchange visits.

The successful exchange of visits bet t 2 heads of state, I am sure,

will inject new impetus 4 further development in our constructive&cooperative relationship. (5) 目前，中美双方在经贸.反恐.执法.防扩散等领域以及

朝鲜半岛核问题.联合国改革等问题上的协调与合作富有成效。过几天，中美还将在北京举行首次战略对话。

我坚信，中美两国加强在国际和地区事务中的协调与合作，既符合双方的根本利益，也是世界和平与发展的需要。 (6)中美关系在面临新的发展机遇的同时，也面临一些挑战。

我们应登高望远，看清中美关系的主流和时代的潮流，把握大局，着眼未来，扩大共识，发展合作. 26年前，中美领导人以非凡的勇气，实现了两国关系正常化。

26年后今天，我们需要同样的勇气，努力推进新世纪中美建设性合作关系，更好地造福于两国人民和世界人民。

作为世界上最大的发展中国家和最大的发达国家，中美对世界和平与安全负有重要责任。

(5) The 2 countries have now carried out fruitful coordination & cooperation in t economy, trade, anti-terrorism, law enforcement, non-proliferation,

as well as on the Korean nuclear issue and the UN reform.

In a few days, China and t United Sates will hold their first strategic dialogue in BJ.

I firmly believe stronger Sino-US coordination & cooperation in regional & international affairs will serve NO t fundamental interests of t 2 countries, BA WP & development.

(6) While enjoying t new opps for dev, Sino-US relations are also faced with certain challenges.

We should stand high to get a commanding view,

recognize t mainstream of t relationship & t trend of t times,

keep t-overall picture&t-future in mind&work to broaden consensus&promote cooperation. 26yrs ago, our leaders displayed extraordinary courage & brought t normalization process to fruition.

Today, we need the same courage to push our constructive & cooperative relations in t new century in t interest of our two peoples and the people all over the world. As t world's largest developing country and largest developed country,

China and the US shoulder an important responsibility for peace and security in the world. (7)反恐斗争直接关乎中美和世界人民的安全。

中美已经在外交.执法.情报.金融等领域进行卓有成效的反恐合作。中方愿本着双向互利原则继续与美方加强反恐合作。中国坚决反对大规模杀伤性武器扩散，

不断完善出口管制法规体系，加强执法，并积极参与国际防扩散合作。我们愿在相互尊重和信任基础上与美方加强防扩散合作。

(8)中方支持联合国改革，认为改革应是全方位和多领域的，重点推动解决发展问题.落实千年发展目标。改革方案应由全体会员国民主协商，达成广泛一致。

同时，各项改革措施也必须有利于维护联合国的权威和效率。

我们愿与包括美方在内的有关各方加强磋商，引导改革朝着正确的方向发展。 (7)The anti-terrorism war has a direct bearing on the security of the Chinese, American and the people around the world.

China and the US have conducted fruitful anti-terrorism cooperation in the past in such fields as diplomacy, law enforcement, intelligence and financing.

China is ready to continue such cooperation with t US on the basis of reciprocity & MB. Firmly opposed to proliferation of weapons of mass destruction,

t Chinese Government has worked continuously to improve its legal regime of export control, beef up law enforcement & participate in international non-proliferation cooperation. We are ready to enhance such cooperation with the US on the basis of MR & MT.

(8)China supports UN reform & believes such reform should be all-dimensional & wide-ranging, with emphasis on t settlement of t development issue and implementation of the Millennium Development Goals.

All reform programs should be discussed democratically by the entire membership with a view to reaching broadly-based consensus.

All reform measures must also help strengthen t authority & efficiency of t UN.

We are ready to step up consultation with the relevant parties including the US to help move UN reform in the right direction.

(9)中美同处亚太地区，维护地区和平.促进共同繁荣符合我们的共同利益。

双方在朝鲜半岛核问题上和亚太经合组织.东盟地区论坛等多边机制内进行良好合作。在半岛核问题上，中方一向主张

坚持实现半岛无核化，坚持对话和平解决的大方向，坚持维护半岛和平稳定。 (0)事关中国的主权和领土完整，是中国的核心利益。妥善处理，是中美关系稳定发展的关键。 ―和平统一.‖是我们的基本方针。

今年3月就新形势下发展提出四点意见。

我们愿以最大诚意，尽最大努力争取和平统一前景，但决不容忍―‖，决不允许任何人以任何方式将从中国分出去。 (9)Both located in the Asia-Pacific,

China & t US share a common stake in maintaining peace & common prosperity in t region.

T 2 sides have enjoyed sound cooperation on t Korean nuclear issue and worked productively within such multilateral mechanisms as APEC and ASEAN Regional Forum. With respect to t Korean nuclear issue,

China consistently stands for a nuclear-weapon-free K Peninsula, t direction of a peaceful solution through dialogue and maintenance of peace and stability on the peninsula.

(0)T Tw issue is China's core interest as it bears on t country's sovereignty & territorial integrity. Appropriate handling o t question is t key to a stable & growing relationship bet China & t US. \"Peaceful reunification\" and \"one country, two systems\" remains our basic policy.

Last March, President Hu Jintao made a four-point proposal on the development of cross-strait relations under the new situation.

We are ready to do our utmost with maximum sincerity to secure the prospect of a peaceful reunification.

But we will never put up with \"Tw independence\

nor will we allow any one to make Tw secede from China by any means. (1)反对和遏制―‖.维护台海和平稳定符合中美两国的共同利益。我们赞赏布什总统和美国多次重申坚持一个中国。遵守中美三个联合公报.反对―‖。

希望美方切实履行承诺，与中方一道反对和遏制―‖，维护台海和平与稳定和中美共同利益。 (2)女士们先生们，让我们立足当前，放眼长远，从战略的高度审视和处理中美关系，认真落实两国领导人达成的共识，

坚持中美三个联合公牢牢把握两国共同利益，加强对话.交流与合作，努力消除误解，妥善处理分歧，

推动中美建设性合作关系不断向前发展。谢谢大家。

(1)Opposing and checking \"Tw independence\" & maintaining peace and stability in t strait serve the common interests of both China and the US.

We appreciate repeated statements by P Bush & t US Government that t US will commit to t one China policy, abide by t three joint communiqués and oppose \"Taiwan independence\".

We hope US will earnestly honor these commitments & join t Chinese in opposing & checking \"Tw independence\" so as to preserve our CIs of seeing a peaceful and stable Tw Strait.

(3)Ladies and Gentlemen, let us get grounded on the current situation and take a long View with a strategic vision when looking at and handling Sino-U.S. relations， Let us earnestly act on the agreement reached by our state leaders, keep faith with the principles of the three joint communiques,

focus ourselves on our CIs with strengthened dialogue, exchanges and cooperation, remove misunderstanding and properly address the differences,

thus moving forward the constructive and cooperative relations bet the two countries.

(1)British trade with China has doubled over t last 5yrs. This growth is faster than that of any other G8 country.

Britain is the largest European investor here. Culturally our links are also strong. More students from China study in t UK than from any other county, partnerships between our schools are growing.

We have just launched t UK-China Partners in Sci campaign to strengthen our scientific links. (2)The partnership between our two countries is important not just for what it brings both of us, but also for the common work which Britain and China can do together in the world.

For example, there is a wider message in the global response to the tragedy of the tsunami. It is that people around t world feel that the interdependence of nations,

so long talked about by statesmen, is today more than ever a concrete reality.

(1)英中两国贸易仅在过去五年就翻了一番，八国集团成员中没有谁能超过。英国是目前欧洲在华的最大投资国。我们两国在文化方面的联系也十分密切。

在英国的中国留学生超过了世界上其他任何一个国家，两国教育机构的合作也在加强。前不久我们推出了―英中科技伙伴计划‖以推动彼此间的科技联系。

(2)英中伙伴关系的重要性并不仅局限于它能够给我们两国带来什么好处，其意义还在于我们两国可就一些共同问题开展国际合作。

例如，全球对前不久发生的海啸灾难所作出的反应传达一种超出事件本身的信息，这就是世界各地的人们深切地感到，

多少年来一直停留在政治家口中的国家间依赖性问题，比以往任何时候都更清楚地摆在我们的面前。 (3)This reality is also a challenge to which governments must respond.

T first part of t challenge is economic -- finding t determination not to seek shelter from t global market, but to exploit the opportunities that it offers.

In Britain, we have been determined to meet that challenge. (4)Thanks to our open and flexible approach,

and the investment that we are making in skills and in innovation, Britain is now Europe's most successful large economy,

and experiencing our longest unbroken period of economic growth on record. The challenge of responding to global competition is 1that China has embraced. The results are simply staggering.

The world has never before seen growth on the scale that China is producing.

It is turning this country into a central player in t global economy and lifting millions of people out of poverty.

(3)这种现实也是各国必须回应的挑战。

挑战首先表现在经济方面，即下决心利用全球市场提供机会，而不是在全球市场中寻求保护。英国已下决心迎接挑战。

(4)我国得益于开放和灵活的，得益于对技术和开发的投入，已成为欧洲最成功的大型经济体，并正经历着有史以来持续时间最长的不间断的经济增长。

中国也积极应对全球竞争的挑战，其结果是翻天覆地的变化。中国经济增长规模之大，为人类有史以来前所未有。

积极参与全球竞争使中国在世界经济舞台上扮演核心人物的角色，数以百万计的中国人也因此脱贫。 (5)This is t rise of China that many predicted.

But as it‘s happening, I think one fundamental thing has changed.

Where some years ago the world may have worried about the rise of China, now it welcomes this as truly an opportunity for us all.

(6)The second challenge posed by globalization is one for our foreign policy –

the need to act globally to promote safety and prosperity at home and in the world.

As China's prosperity has grown, so too has its stake in global security & global prosperity. It‘s a crucial partner in fight against proliferation & in international effort to combat terrorism. China's contribution to UN peacekeeping missions is growing,

and I greatly welcome P Hu's recent commitment to increase that contribution further. (5)这就是很多人曾经预言过的中国崛起。

但是随着中国的日益崛起，我认为人们的看法也随之发生了根本的转变。几年前其他国家可能为中国崛起忧心忡忡，

但时至今日，世界各国欢迎中国崛起，认为这种崛起为大家带来真正机会。

(6)全球化带来第二种挑战是我们外交—它要求我们以全球性行动促进本国和世界的安全与繁荣。随着中国日益繁荣，它在全球安全和繁荣中作用也在加大。中国在防止核扩散及国际反恐行动中起着举足轻重作用。

中国对联和国维和行动的参与度也在加大，我非常欢迎胡最近关于中国将进步加大参与的承诺。

(7)Meanwhile China is embracing more fully globally-accepted rules and standards.

I particularly applaud China's ratification of t International Covenant on Economic, Social & Cultural Rights.

The partnership between our two nations is strengthening, but there is more that we can and should do together to strengthen further our growing global partnership. I‘d like today to suggest three areas on which we should focus that effort. They are in pursuing reform of the UN, working for a better future for Africa, and tackling climate change.

(7)同时，中国正在更全面地接受国际通行规则和标准。我尤其欢迎中国通过《经济.社会和文化权利国际公约》。虽然我们两国的伙伴关系在不断加强，

但英中双方可以且也应该做出更多的努力来进一步促进我们在国际上合作。今天，我想提出三个我认为双方应当加强合作的领域。

它们是促进联合国改革的问题.造福于非洲的问题，以及对付气候变化的问题。

(8)As permanent members of the UN SC, both Britain and China base our foreign policy on the maintenance of strong and effective international system. But we both know too that t UN, designed 60yrs ago, needs reform to meet t challenges of the new century.

Many of those challenges are very different to those faced by those who drafted t Charter in 1945--- from terrorism to AIDS, from the environment to weapons' proliferation.

(9)But we both recognize reform certainly doesn‘t mean tearing up UN Charter&starting again; neither we nor any other nation favors such an approach.

The Millennium Review Summit should set the direction for the way ahead on UN reform.

In t preparation for that summit, I hope Britain & China can continue and indeed enhance our productive dialogue on this issue of such importance to us both.

(8)作为联合理会的常任理事国，英中两国的外交都着眼于维护一个强大和有效的国际体系。我们双方都认为60年前规划建立起来的联合国必须进行改革以适应新世纪的挑战。无论是还是艾滋病，无论是环境保护还是武器扩散，

这些挑战与联合国宪章在1945制定时时所面临的问题有很大的不同。

(9)但是我们双方都认为，联合国改革并不意味着要抛弃联合国宪章而改弦更张。无论是我们两国还是其他什么国家都不赞同这样做。

将要举行的千年评议峰会应该为联合国改革预先确定发展方向。

在峰会的准备过程中，我希望英中双方能就此重要议题继续加强建设性对话。

(0)The second issue on which I suggest we can deepen our cooperation is Africa.

Britain has made Africa a priority of our work as Presidency of the G8 in the coming year. And I should like China and Britain to work together on this as close partners. Both our countries already have strong links with the continent. We share our exps of work on poverty reduction,

and have opened a dialogue on our cooperation in Africa.

Africa will require an even greater investment of aid than it receives today if it is to meet its goals for development.

But it is also crucial we set t conditions that allow the people of Africa to build a better future for themselves.

(1)Alongside its own position China now presides over t G20 group of developing nations. And Britain has assumed t Presidency of t G8 & will, from July, take on that of the European Union.

That makes us both crucial players in the Success of the world trade negotiations.

(0)第二个领域是非洲问题。作为八国集团明年的国，英国已经将非洲列为工作的重中之重。

我希望中国和英国在这个问题上密切合作。英中两国都和非洲有着紧密的联系。我们在脱贫方面有共同经历，我们也在非洲合作问题上开展了对话。非洲若要实现其发展目标，应该得到比今天获得的大得多的援助。

但同样不可缺的是，我们应该创造条件帮助非洲人民，使他们为自己创造一个更美好的未来。 (1)中国除了自身的地位之外，现在还是发展中国家20国集团的国。英国也已接任八国集团的国身份，并将从7月开始担任欧盟国。这些变化使我们两国在推动世界贸易谈判成功中起着关键作用。

(2)The third issue that I want to highlight is tackling the threat from climate change. I want to deal first with two misconceptions.

T first is climate change is a threat that matters mainly to environmentalists. In fact it matters to everyone.

Climate change is a potential source of conflict over scarce natural resources,

& of t displacement of millions of people from their land, with all t instability it would provoke. Climate change is an economic threat too. Swiss Re, the world's second-largest reinsurer,

has estimated the insurance costs at an extra $265b per year by 2010.

(2)我想强调的第三个合作领域是应对气候变化的威胁。我首先要澄清两种错误观念。第一种观点认为，气候变化主要是环保主义者关心的问题。其实，气候变化问题与每个人都有关系。

气候变化是引发争夺稀缺资源冲突的潜在根源，

可能造成数百万人流离失所，引发由此产生的一切不稳定因素。

气候变化也是一种经济威胁：据世界第二大再保险商瑞士再保险公司估计， 2010年气候变化保险支出将增长2650亿美元。

(3)T 2nd misconception about climate change is that there is a necessary trade-off bet limiting global warming on the one hand, and promoting economic growth on the other. In fact, as those figures from Swiss Re demonstrate,

inaction on climate change will have an enormous cost of its own.

As we mitigate the effects of climate change, we also have to work to ensure access to t secure & affordable energy supplies that our economies need, both from traditional and from more innovative sources.

There are especially exciting opportunities for that here in China.

If I may say so, China has a great opp to lead the way in building clean-energy technology, with all the environmental and economic benefits that it offers.

(4)Britain & China have a shared commitment to meeting the challenges posed by globalization & to exploiting its opportunities. Of course we won't always agree.

But there is an enormous amount of work for us to do together.

I am confident that there will be markedly a growing and strengthened global partnership between Britain and China in the process of globalization.

(3)第二种错误观念是，阻止全球变暖与促进经济发展必然是两者去其一，不能两全其关。实际上瑞士再保险公司所提供的数据表明，置气候变化于不顾会造成巨大的经济损失。

我们在努力降低气候变化造成的影响同时，也须确保经济获得所需的既安全又支付得起能源供应，包括使用传统和非传统能源采集渠道。中国在这方面的前景十分看好。

据我看，中国在开发清洁能源技术方面很有希望领导世界潮流，中国也将从环保和经济两方面获益。 (4)英中两国已经共同承诺迎接全球化带来的挑战，充分挖掘全球化带来的种种机遇。当然我们也会有分歧，但是我们有大量的工作需要共同完成。

我相信在全球化的进程中，英中两国间的全球伙伴关系一定会得到进一步的发展和强化。

(1)The American people deeply admire China for its thousands of years of contributions to culture and religion, to philosophy and the art, to science and technology.

Now we see China at a moment in history when your glorious past is matched by your present sweeping transformation and the even greater promise of your future. (2)As the Chinese people have their values, we have our own.

Ams share a fundamental conviction people everywhere have t right to be treated with dignity, to give voice to their opinion, to choose their own leaders, to worship as they please.

We must also admit that we in America are not blameless in our social fabric- our crime rate is too high;

too many of our children are still killed with guns； too many of our streets are still riddled with drugs.

We have things to learn from other societies as well, and problems we have to solve. And if we expect other people to listen to us about the problems they have, we must be prepared to listen to them about the problems we have.

(1)美国人民非常崇仰中国数千年来对文化与宗教.哲学与艺术.科学与技术所作的贡献。现在我们目睹的中国正处于这样历史时刻：

与你们光荣的过去相媲美的是今日势不可挡的改革，及前程更辉煌未来。 (2)中国人民有自己的价值观，我们美国人也有自己的价值观。

美国人民有共识，即任何地区的人都有被尊重，表达意见，选择领导人，选择信仰的权利。我们也必须承认，在社会问题上我们美国人并非无懈可击，

我们的犯罪率太高，我们有太多的儿童仍在口下丧命，我们有太多的街道仍为毒品所充斥。我们同样有需要向其他国家学习的东西，有需要解决的问题。

如果我们期望别人倾听我们对他们问题的谈论，我们也必须准备倾听他们对我们问题的谈论。 (3)The U.S. China policy is one of pragmatic nature.

This pragmatic policy of engagement, of expanding our areas of cooperation with China while confronting our differences openly and respectfully -- this is the best way to advance our fundamental interests and our values and to promote a more open and free China. (4)I know there are those who disagree.

They insist that China's interests and America's are inexorably in conflict.

They do not believe the Chinese system will continue to evolve in a way that elevates not only human material condition, but also the human spirit.

They, therefore, believe we should be working harder to contain or even to confront China before it becomes even stronger. I believe this view is wrong.

Isolation of China is unworkable, counterproductive, and potentially dangerous.

Military, political, and economic measures to do such a thing would find little support among our allies around the world.

Isolation would encourage the Chinese to become hostile and to adopt policies of conflict with our won interests and values.

(5)It will eliminate, not facilitate, cooperation on weapons proliferation. It would hinder, not help, our efforts to foster stability in Asia. It would exacerbate, not ameliorate, the plight of dissidents.

It would close off, not open up, one of the world's most important markets.

It would make China less, not more, likely to play by the rules of international conduct and to be a part of an emerging international consensus. (3)美国的对华是一种务实的。

这项进行交流.扩大对华合作领域.开诚布公摆明我们分歧的务实，

是提高我们根本利益和价值观.使中国变得更开放.更自由的最佳途径。

(4)我知道有人持不同的看法。这些人坚持认为中国的利益和美国的利益是势不两立的。

他们不相信中国的将继续朝着不仅改善人的物质生活条件且提高人的精神生活水平的方向发展。他们因而认为我们应该在中国强大起来之前花更大的力气来遏制中国，甚至与中国对抗。我认为这种观点是错误。孤立中国是行不通，是会产生反作用，也是极其危险。采取军事.政治和经济手段来孤立中国不会得到我们在世界各地盟国的支持。 (5)孤立中国的做法会使其敌视我们，并采取与我们利益和价值观相冲突的。孤立中国将会终结，而不是推动，我们在武器扩散问题上的合作。孤立中国将会妨碍，而不是有助，我们在亚洲促进稳定的努力。孤立中国将会恶化，而不是改善，者的境况。

孤立中国将会关闭，而不是开放，这个世界上最重要的市场之一。孤立中国将会使这个国家可能性更小地，而不是更大地，

按国际行为准则行事并成为正在形成的国际统一认识体的一分子。

(6)As always, Am must be prepared to live&flourish in a world which we are at odds with China. But that is not the world we want.

Our objective is not containment and conflict; it is cooperation.

We will far better serve our interests & principles if we work with a China that shares that objective with us.

By working with China and making our difference clear where necessary,

we can advance our interests and our values and China's historic transformation into a nation whose greatness is defined as much by its future as its past.

(7)Change may not come AQA as we would like, but, as our interests are long-term, so must our policies be.

(8)We have an opportunity to build a new century in which China takes its rightful place as a full and strong partner in the community of nations, working with the US to advance peace and prosperity, freedom and security for both our peoples and for all the world. I hope China will more fully embrace this mandate.

For all the grandeur of your history, I believe your greatest days are still ahead.

(9)Against great odds in t 20thC China has NO survived, it is moving forward dramatically. As u build a new China, America wants to build a new relationship with u. We want China to be successful, secure & open,

working with us for a more peaceful and prosperous world.

(6)美国必须一如既往地准备好生活和繁荣在一个同中国有分歧的世界里。

但这不是我们所要的世界。我们的目标不是遏制和冲突，我们的目标是合作。

如果我们同一个与我们有着相同目标的中国合作，我们就能更好地为我们的利益与原则而努力。如果我们与中国合作，摆明我们之间那些有必要摆明的分歧，

我们就能加强我们的利益和价值观，我们就能推进中国历史性的转变，这种转变将使中国过去的伟大与未来的伟大一样鲜明。 (7)虽然变化的出现也许不会像我们所希望的那样快，

但是，正由于我们的利益是一种长远的利益一样，我们的也应该是一种长远的。 (8)我们面临着建设一个新世纪的机遇，

中国将在这个世纪作为一个完整而强大的伙伴在国际社会中享有其应有的地位，将同美国一起为我们两国人民及全世界共同努力促进和平与繁荣.自由与安全。我希望中国能更充分地接受这使命。

对于一个有着辉煌历史的国家，我相信你们鼎盛时期还在前头。 (9)中国不仅度过20世纪的种种磨难，而且还正在戏剧性地向前推进。在你们建设一个新中国的同时，美国希望同你们建立一种新型的关系。

我们希望中国成功.安全.开放，与我们一起建设一个更加和平与繁荣的世界。

Unit Fifteen International relations 国际关系 (1)先生.各位同事.各位代表.女士们，先生们：

在此庄严而重要的时刻，世界各国的领导人和代表集聚一堂，共同纪念联合国成立60周年，重申我们对联合国宪章宗旨和原则的承诺，表达维护世界和平.促进共同发展的决心。这是世界各国人民共同愿望，也是各国有见识的政治家共同认识。 (2)联合国成立，是人类为和平与发展而长期努力结果。

联合国体现世界各国人民彼此以善邻之道和睦相处的崇高精神，承载国际社会的共同促进经济社会发展的美好理想。

(3)60年的实践表明，联合国的成立是人类历史上一件具有划时代意义的大事，是人类和平进步事业的一座重要里程碑。

60年来，人类社会沧桑巨变，国际舞台风云变幻，联合国也经历种种考验，走过不平凡的历程。尽管地区动荡不断.局部冲突时有发生，但各国更加重视对话合作，更加重视谈判解决争端；通过联合国预防和制止武装冲突.维护世界和平日益成为国际社会的普遍诉求。 (1) Mr. P, Distinguished Colleagues & Representatives, L&G,

At this solemn and important moment, national leaders and representatives from around the world are gathered here to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the founding of the UN,

renewing our commitment to the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and expressing our determination to safeguard world peace and promote common development.

This is not only t CA of the world people but also the common understanding of visionary statesmen of all countries.

(2) T UN was founded as result of humanity's persistent efforts to seek peace & development. It embodies t lofty spirit o people across t world to live together in peace with 1 another as good neighbors. It also carries ideal of t international community to jointly promote economic & social development.

(3) The founding of t UN, as its 60 years of history has shown~ is an epoch-making event, and an important milestone in humanity's cause of peace and progress.

Over t past 60 yrs, amid tremendous changes around t world & vicissitudes in t international arena, t UN has gone through all kinds of tests and traversed an extraordinary course.

Though regional turmoil continued & local conflicts took place from T2T, all countries have AGI to dialogue, cooperation and settlement of disputes by negotiations.

Working through the UN to prevent and end armed conflicts and maintain world peace has increasingly become a universal pursuit in the international community. (4)尊重国家主权和领土完整，尊重各国自主选择社会制度和发展道路的权利，是联合国宪章的重要原则，

也越来越成为不同社会制度.不同发展水平国家互相建立和发展关系的指导原则。 (5)尽管世界发展还很不平衡.贫穷和饥饿仍在不少国家肆虐，但国际社会已经制定了减少贫困.促进发展的目标。

加强国际合作.促进共同发展，实现互利共赢，是联合国的重要宗旨，也越来越成为各国共同发展繁荣的重要途径。

(6)新世纪为人类社会发展展现光明前景。我们既面临着难得机遇，也面临着严峻挑战。因种种原因导致的局部战争和冲突时起时伏，地区热点问题错综复杂，南北差距进一步拉大，

国际恐怖势力.民族势力.极端宗教势力在一些地区还相当活跃，环境污染.毒品走私.犯罪.严重传染性疾病等性问题日益突出。人类实现普遍和平.共同发展的理想还任重道远。 (7)在这个机遇和挑战并存的重要历史时期，

我们应该不失时机，共同努力，建设持久和平.共同繁荣的和谐世界。我愿就此发表几点意见。

(4)Respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, respect for individual countries' right to independently choose their own social systems and paths of development, are not only important principles enshrined in the UN Charter, but have increasingly become guiding principles for countries with different social systems and development levels to establish and develop their state-to-state relations.

(5)Though the world features unevenly development, poverty & hunger ravage not a few countries, t international community has already set out the goal of reducing poverty and promoting development.

The promotion of international cooperation for common development and win-win results is not only an important purpose of the UN, but has increasingly become an important way for countries to achieve common development and common prosperity.

(6)The 21st century has opened up a bright prospect for the development of humanity. We are faced with both rare opportunities and severe challenges.

Local wars and conflicts caused by various reasons keep cropping up. The hotspot issues in some regions remain complicated and thorny. The wealth gap between t North and South continues to widen. International terrorists, ethnic separatists and religious extremists in some parts of t world remain rampant.

Many cross-boundary problems such as environmental pollution, drug trafficking, transnational crimes and deadly communicable diseases have become more salient.

All this has made our road toward universal peace & common development a bumpy and challenging one.

(7) At this important historic period when both opportunities and challenges are present,

we should lose no time and strive together to create a harmonious world with lasting peace and common prosperity.

I would like to share with you some of my views in this connection. (8)第一坚持多边主义，实现共同安全。

我们要摈弃冷战思维，树立互信.互利.平等.协作的新安全观，建立公平.有效的集体安全制。 (9)联合国作为集体安全机制的核心，在保障全球安全的国际合作中发挥着不可替代的作用。联合国宪章确定的宗旨原则，对维护世界和平与安全发挥着举足轻重的作用，已经成为公认的国际关系基本准则，必须得到切实遵循。

安理会作为联合国维护世界和平与安全的专门机构，其权威必须得到切实维护。

(0)我们应鼓励&支持以和平方式，通过协商.谈判解决国际争端或冲突，共反对侵犯别国主权的行径；应加强反恐合作，坚持标本兼治，重在消除根源；

应按照公正.合理.全面均衡原则，实现有效裁军和军备控制，防核扩散，积极推进国际核裁军进程，维护全球战略稳定。

(8) First, we should uphold multilateralism to realize common security. We must abandon the Cold War mentality,

cultivate a new security concept featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and cooperation, and build a fair and effective collective security mechanism. (9) T UN, as t core of t collective security mechanism,

plays an irreplaceable role in international cooperation to ensure global security.

T purposes & principles of t-UN Charter are crucial to safeguarding world peace and security. They have been widely recognized as the basic norms governing international relations & must be complied with in real earnest.

As the special agency of the UN responsible for maintaining world peace and security, the SC must be given the authority to carry out its mandate.

(0) We should encourage & support efforts to peacefully settle international disputes or conflicts

through consultations and negotiations.

We should all oppose acts of encroachment on other countries' sovereignty.

We should step up anti-terrorist cooperation, working to address both the symptoms & root causes of the problem with special emphasis on eliminating the sources of the menace. We should realize effective disarmament and arms control in a fair, rational,

comprehensive and balanced fashion, prevent t proliferation of nuclear weapons,

vigorously promote interl nuclear disarmament process&maintain global strategic stability. (1)第二，坚持互利合作，实现共同繁荣。发展事关各国人民的切身利益，

经济全球化应该使各国特别是广大发展中国家普遍受益，而不应造成贫者愈贫.富者愈富的两极分化。 (2)联合国应该采取切实措施，

积极推动建立和健全开放.公平.非歧视性的多边贸易，营造健康有序的贸易环境和稳定高效的金融环境；

应该加强全球能源对话和合作，共同维护能源安全和能源市场稳定，为世界经济增长营造充足.安全.经济.清洁的能源环境；

应该积极促进和保障，努力普及全民教育，实现男女平等，使人人享有平等追求全面发展的机会和权利。

(1) Second, we should uphold mutually beneficial cooperation to achieve common prosperity. Development has a bearing on the vital interest of the people of all countries, and globalization should benefit all countries, developing countries in particular,

instead of leading to a more polarized world where t poor become poorer & t rich richer.

(2) T UN should take concrete measures & work actively to establish & improve a multilateral trading system that is open, fair and non-discriminatory,

& creat a healthy & orderly trading environment & a stable & efficient financial environment. We should step up WW energy dialogue and cooperation, jointly maintain energy security and energy market stability, and ensure a well-supplied, secure, cost-effective

and clean energy environment conducive to global economic growth. We should actively promote and protect human rights,

make universal education available and achieve gender equality,

so as to ensure the enjoyment of equal right and opp to all–round development by all. (3) 第三，坚持包容精神，共建和谐世界。

文明多样性是人类社会的基本特征，也是人类文明进步的重要动力。

历史文化.社会制度和发展模式的差异不应成为各国交流的障碍，更不应该成为相互对抗的理由。 (4) 我们应该尊重各国自主选择社会制度和发展道路的权利，相互借鉴而不是刻意排斥，取长补短而不是定于一尊，推动各国根据本国国情来实现振兴和发展；

努力消除相互的疑虑和隔阂，使人类更加和睦，让世界更加丰富多彩；应该以平等开放的精神，协力构建各种文明兼容并蓄的和谐世界。

(3)Third, we should uphold the spirit of inclusiveness to build a harmonious world together.

Diversity of civilizations is a basic feature of human society and an important driving force behind human progress.

Differences in history, culture, social system and mode of development should not become barriers to exchanges between countries, let alone excuses for confrontation.

(4) We should respect every country's right to independently choose its own social sys & path of development,

And encourage countries to go for mutual emulation instead of deliberate exclusion,

for mutual learning of respective strong points instead of making fetish a particular model,

thus succeeding in their rejuvenation and development in line with their national conditions. We should do away with misgivings and estrangement existing between civilizations and make humanity more harmonious and our world more colorful.

We should jointly build toward a harmonious world where all civilizations coexist and accommodate each other in the spirit of equality and openness. (5) 第四，坚持积极稳妥方针，推进联合国改革。

联合国宪章确立的各项宗旨和原则，符合和平.发展.合作的历史潮流，符合国际关系健康发展的本质要求，符合世界各国人民的根本利益。我们应该通过合理.必要的改革，维护联合国权威，提高联合国效率，更好地发挥联合国作用，增强联合国应对新威胁.新挑战的能力。

联合国改革是全方位.多领域的，因此应该在充分协商.在达成广泛共识的基础上作出决定。 (6)先生.各同事!我愿在这里重申：中国将坚定不移地高举和平/发展/合作旗帜，坚定不移地走和平发展道路，

坚定不移地奉行自主的和平外交，

在和平共处五项原则的基础上同世界各国发展友好合作关系。中国将一如既往地遵守联合国宪章的宗旨和原则，

积极参与国际事务，履行国际义务，同各国一道推动建立公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序。 (7)人类漫长发展史上，各国人民的命运从未像今天这样紧密相连.休戚与共。共同的目标把我们联结在一起，共同的挑战需要我们团结在一起。

让我们携手合作，共同为建设持久和平.共同繁荣的和谐世界而努力! 谢谢。 (5)Fourth, we should promote UN reform actively and prudently.

The purposes and principles of the UN Charter are consistent with the historic tide of peace, development and cooperation.They also meet t requirements of sound international relations and serve the fundamental interests of the people around the world.

We should carry out rational & necessary reform to maintain the authority of the UN, improve its efficacy & give a better scope to its role so that it will be better empowered to cope with new threats & new challenges.

Since the UN reform is all-dimensional and multifaceted, it should allow full consultations before any decision is made on t basis of t broadest consensus.

(6)Mr. President, Distinguished Colleagues, I‘d like to reiterate here what China stands for.

We will continue to hold high t banner of peace, development and cooperation, unswervingly follow the road of peaceful development, firmly pursue the independent foreign policy of peace and develop friendly relations and cooperation with all countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.

China will, as always, abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, actively participate in international affairs and fulfill its international obligations, and work with other countries in promoting & establishing a new international political and economic order that is fair and rational.

(7) Throughout t long history,

human society‘ve never been so closely interconnected in interests & destinies. Our common goals have put us all in t same boat,

t common challenges we face require that we get united.

Let‘s join hands & work together to build a harmonious world with lasting peace and common prosperity. Thank you.

(1)On the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the founding of the UN, it is necessary, in our discussion of the international relations,

to review the past and explore the future mission of this world organization.

Thanks to the formulation and adoption of the UN Charter in 1945 and to the subsequent endeavors to put the Charter into practice,

we have a clearer perception of the UN in a better light.

(2)The UN holds these to be its lofty purposes, to maintain international peace and security; to develop friendly relations among nations based on respects for t principle of equal rights & self-determination of the people；

to achieve international cooperation in solving international problems of economic, social, cultural or humanitarian nature；

and to function as a center for harmonizing the actions of nations. (1)值此联合国成立60周年之际，我们有必要在讨论国际关系同时，回顾联合国所走过的道路，并探讨联合国的未来。

1945年形成并予采纳的联合国宪章，及此后为实践此宪章所作的努力，使我们能够从更好角度对联合国有更清楚认识。 (2)联合国以这些内容作为自己的崇高宗旨：

维护世界和平与安全，在尊重权利平等和人民自决的基础上发展国与国之间的友好关系，在解决经济.社会.文化或人道等国际问题时争取国际合作，成为调解国家行为的中枢。 (3)The UN also commits itself to a number of sound principles--- sovereign equality of all member states；

settlement of international disputes by peaceful means;

refraining in international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state;

& non-intervention in matters which are essentially within t domestic jurisdiction o any state. These represent t minimum code of conduct to be held by sovereign states in interl relations. (4)The role of the UN has gained increasing importance since the end of t Cold War.

The increasing prestige is due in part to the fact that the SC has recovered from the paralysis which resulted-from the US-Soviet rivalry during the Cold War,

a period when the two superpowers used their veto rights against each other, thereby incapacitating the SC.

(3)联合国还有一些合理的原则，即所有成员国之间主权平等，用和平手段解决国际争端，在国际事务中不以武力威胁或不诉诸武力干预一个国家的领土完整或政治，不干涉任何国家的内部事务。

这些原则是国际关系中主权国家应遵循的最起码的行为准则。 (4)冷战结束后的联合国起着越来越重要的作用。

联合国地位的上升部分是因为安理会摆脱冷战期间因美苏对抗而陷入瘫痪的状态，当时两个超级大国各自使用自己否决权来反对对方，致使安理会无所作为。

(5)The West, AWA the developing world, has discovered it needs t UN to achieve its objectives. In addition, many global problems, such as anti-terrorism, the proliferation of nuclear weapons, rapid population increase, the worsening environment, natural disasters, the epidemic of communicable diseases, drugs and refugees,

call for the entire international community to pool their efforts to find solutions. (6)However, the UN faces a series of tough challenges.

One such challenge concerns the way in which the UN maintains its respect for state sovereignty while dealing with an increasing number of internal conflicts. In many cases, regional organizations cannot resolve regional conflicts. In the Cold War~ era, UN peace-keeping forces had two missions:

to buffer conflicts and to implement agreements already reached between the parties. Now peace-keeping has turned into peace-enforcement.

The UN has turned from handling international disputes into meddling in domestic affairs. Furthermore, peace-keeping does not necessarily need the prior approval of the countries concerned.

(5)西方世界同发展中国家一样也发现它需要联合国以达到自己的目的。此外，包括反恐.核武器扩散.人口快速增长.日益恶化的环境.自然灾害.传染病爆发.吸毒以及难民在内的许多全球性问题要求整个国际社会共同努力，携手寻求解决问题的方法。 (6)然而，联合国面临着一系列棘手的问题。

其中的一个问题是，联合国如何在着手解决日益增多的国家内部冲突的同时尊重那些国家的主权。在许多情况下，区域性的组织无法解决地区冲突。

在冷战时期，联合国维和有两大使命，即缓解冲突和贯彻有关各方之间达成的协议。而现在维持和平变成了强制和平。联合国从处理国际争端变成了干预国内事务的组织。更有甚者，维和并非得到有关国家的同意。

(7)Another problem facing world org is how to better handle relations bet t UN & regional orgs. According to t UNC, regional orgs can play a role within t Charter & under UN coordination. Bt regional orgs SA NATO are playing a more important role than t UN in regional conflicts. (8)We must recognize t world today is diverse, manifold, colorful and rich in terms of culture. This should be an asset rather than a debt of humanity.

It permeates all aspects of human rights, whether civil, political, economic, social or cultural. The world would be a much better place to live in if we respected cultural diversity, practiced tolerance and lived together in peace with one another as good neighbors. (7)这个世界组织另一个问题是如何处理联合国与区域性组织之间的关系。

根据联合国宪章，区域性组织可以在联合国宪章以及联合国的协调下发挥作用。而如今像北约这样的区域性组织在地区冲突中却起着比联合国更为重要的作用。

(8)我们必须认识到，当今世界的文化纷然杂陈.丰富多彩。这是人类的财富，绝非负担。这一特征反映在的各个方面，如民权.政治权.经济权.社会权和文化权。如果我们尊重文化的多样性，宽容忍让，和睦相处，这个世界会变得更美好。

(9)It‘s essential to transcend t differences in social sys & ideology in handling state-to-state relations, and work to seek convergence of common interests,

rather than model the world after one political system or development mode.

We hope that the UN will truly become a center for harmonizing actions of nations.

We call for stronger efforts by t UN to harmonize cultures through dialogues and consultation, AWA to resist any attempt to build a mono-cultural world by means of political pressure and coercion.

(0) In addition, a security mechanism conducive to world peace and stability and to peaceful development of all countries should be established

through the concerted efforts of the international community.

Under this mechanism, no country should be allowed to build its own so-called security at the expense of the security interests of other countries. It is essential to build confidence through dialogue,

seek security through cooperation, and settle disputes through peaceful means.

(1)T UN should take t opps opened up by its reform program to meet the new challenges. We sincerely hope that under the firm support and close cooperation of its membership, a more just, reasonable and effective UN will emerge to tackle international issues and contribute more to the building of a better world.

(9)处理国与国的关系应超越社会制度和意识形态的差异，努力寻求共同利益的汇合点，不能用一种政治制度和发展模式去规范世界。我们希望联合国成为国际协调中心。

我们要求联合国发挥更强有力的作用，以对话和协商的方式协调文化关系，

抵制任何企图以施加政治压力的手段来建立一个单一文化世界的行为。 (0)此外，应通过国际社会的共同努力，

确立有利于世界和平与稳定，有利于各国和平发展的安全机制，在此机制下，任何国家都不能把自己的所谓安全建立在损害他全利益的基础上。应通过对话增进信任，通过合作谋求安全，通过和平手段解决争端。 (1)联合国应该抓住改革带来的新机遇，迎接新挑战。

我们真诚地希望联合国在其所有成员国的坚定支持和密切合作下，

在处理国际问题时变得更公正，更理性，更效率，为建设更美好世界作出更大贡献。

(1)女士.各位同事：

我很高兴出席这次历史性会议，并高度赞赏东道主及女士为本次会议所做的努力。 60年前，在联合国成立时，各会员国把维护世界和平与安全的职责赋予安理会。

60年的实践证明，安理会在解决事关世界和平与安全的重大全球和地区问题上具有不可替代的作用。 (2)当今世界，和平与发展仍然是时代主题，全球总体上保持和平稳定。但世界还很不安宁。边界.领土争端.地区冲突等传统安全问题时发，

贫困..犯罪.重大传染性疾病等非传统安全问题层出不穷。为维护和平，我们应该保证安理会履行联合国宪章赋予的职责。就此，我愿谈四点看法。

(1) Madam P, Ded Colleagues,It gives me great pleasure to attend this historic meeting. I highly appreciate the efforts made by the host country and Madam P for this meeting.

60 years ago, the member states of the newly founded UN made maintaining international peace and security the mandate of the SC.

The past decades has shown that the SC has played an irreplaceable role in resolving major global and regional issues bearing on world peace and security.

(2) In today‘s world, peace and development remain the dominant themes of the times. The world, on the whole, enjoys peace and stability.

But it is far from being a tranquil peace as border disputes, territorial conflicts, regional strife and other traditional security concerns continue unabated,

and non-traditional problems, such as poverty, terrorism, transnational crimes and deadly communicable diseases, keep cropping up.

In order to maintain peace, we should make sure that the SC is able to properly discharge its responsibilities entrusted by the UN Charter.

In this connection, I would like to share with you my views. (3) 第一坚持多边主义，维护安理会权威。

只有加强多边合作，特别是加强联合国作用.维护安理会权威，才能有效应对日益增多的全球性威胁和挑战，真正实现普遍安全。在涉及世界和平与安全的重大问题上，

应该由安理会根据实际情况作出判断，依照联合国宪章采取集体行动。 (4)第二，有效应对威胁，提高安理会效率。

安理会既要具备迅速反应能力，也要注意标本兼治，

制定从预防到恢复和平.从维和到冲突结束后重建的全面战略。

(5)仅仅依靠强制性手段不能真正解决问题，通过对话.谈判等方式取得的成果更能持久。中方支持安理会在应对等非传统安全问题方面发挥重要作用，

同时支持联合国加强同其他相关国际和地区组织的合作，以实现资源共享.优势互补.责任共担。 (6)对世界的和平与安全构成严重威胁。

国际社会应该根据联合国宪章的宗旨和原则，携手努力，加强合作，有效打击一切形式的恐主。要促进不同文明对话，推动解决贫困落后.社会不公等问题，消除产生的根源。 (3)First, we should uphold t authority of t SC by adhering to multilateralism.

Only by strengthening multilateral cooperation,

enhancing t role of t UN and maintaining the authority of the SC in particular,

can we effectively cope with increasing global threats and challenges and truly realize the universal security.

When it comes to major issues bearing on world peace and security,

the SC should judge on t merits of the actual situation and act collectively in accordance with the UN Charter.

(4) Second, we should improve t efficiency of t SC so as to respond to threats more effectively. The SC needs a capability of rapid response.

Moreover, it should address both the symptoms and root causes of the problems by formulating a comprehensive strategy featuring prevention, peace restoration, peacekeeping and post-conflict reconstruction.

(5) Coercive measures alone will not solve the problem for good.

What is achieved through dialogue and negotiation may last much longer.

China supports an important role of t SC in responding to terrorism and other non-traditional security threats, and a closer cooperation between the UN and other international or regional organizations in the interest of sharing resources, advantages and responsibilities. (6) As terrorism poses a serious threat to world peace and security,

the international community should act in strict accordance with the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and work closely together in waging a more effective war against terrorism in all forms and manifestation.

It‘s essential to promote inter-civilization dialogue,

earnestly address such problems as poverty, backwardness and social injustice, and remove the soil that breeds terrorism. (7)第三，体现民主原则，改进安理会决策。

国际关系民主化是当今时代韵潮流，在安理会中也应该得到体现。

发展中国家占联合国会员国总数2/3以上，但在安理会的代表性显然不足。

中方主张广泛一致基础上扩大安理会，使发展中国家特别是中小国家有更多机会参与安理会决策。安理会的工作方式应该进行必要.适当的改进，

使非安理会成员.地区组织和民间社会的合理意见得到充分反映。 (8)第四，重视非洲关切，加大安理会投入。

本次会议应该重申对非洲的承诺，推动安理会进一步加大对非洲的投入，

注意倾听非洲国家的关切和主张，充分照顾非洲国家要和平.促发展.谋合作的强烈意愿，让亿万非洲人民切实感受到国际大家庭的关心和支持。

(9)女士.各位同事! 谢谢各位。一个健全有力的安理会符合联合国和广大会员国的根本利益。中国一贯支持联合国建立新的安全共识，维护安理会作为集体安全机制的核心地位。我们愿同广大会员国一道，促进人类和平与发展的崇高事业。 (7) 3rd, we should improve t decision-making of t SC

by giving greater expression to democratic principles.

T democratization of interl rels represents t trend o times, which ought to be reflected in SC. Developing countries, which make up over 2/3 of t UN membership, are obviously underrepresented in t SC.

China stands for an enlarged SC based on a broad consensus, and increased representation of developing countries,

thus giving more developing countries, especially the small- and medium-sized countries, greater access to its decision-making.

The working styles of t SC should also be subjected to necessary & appropriate changes, making it easier for non-members,

regional groups and civil society to fully reflect their reasonable views.

(8) 4th,we‘d pay closer attention to African concern&increase t commitment o SC accordingly. This meeting should renew the pledges we have made to Africa, prod the SC to increase its input in Africa,

listen more attentively to the concerns and propositions of African countries and take into full account their fervent wishes for peace,

development and cooperation so that the African people in their hundreds of millions can truly benefit from the care and support of the international community. (9) Madam P, Distinguished Colleagues,

A better & stronger SC serves the fundamental interests of the UN and all its members.

China has always supported the UN in building a new security consensus and maintaining the central role of the SC in the world's collective security mechanism.

We are ready to work with other member states in advancing the lofty causes of peace and development of the whole humanity. Thank you.

(1)Our country assumes a practical and active posture in the pursuit of world peace. T UN has had no more consistent supporter than this country for its charter & t work of its specialized agencies.

(2)We take part in many UN activities and have served on many of its bodies, including the SC. Among the specialized agencies and subsidiary bodies we support are those assisting in development, food security, children, drug control and human rights.

We have provided financial support, personnel & equipment for almost all major UN peacekeeping activities, and contributed our assessed share of the costs of all UN operations and made additional contributions.

Our country is fully involved in UN disarmament, arms control and outer space work.

We accept t jurisdiction of t International Court of Justice & are active in development of t international law.

(1)我国以务实和主动的姿态寻求世界和平。

联合国没有哪一个成员国能够像我国那样始终如一地支持联合国的宪章及其专门组织的工作。 (2)我们参加了许多联合国的行动，并在包括安理会在内的许多分支机构里服务，

我们支持了援助发展.粮食保障.儿童保护.毒品管制.保护等专门组织和分支机构的工作。对于联合国所有重大维和行动，我们几乎都提供了财力.人力和设备方面的援助。我们交付了所有联合国活动经费中我们分摊的那一部分，并作出了超额贡献。我国自始至终参加了联合国有关裁军.军备控制和外层空间的工作。我们接受国际法庭的管辖，积极参与制定国际法。 (3)Our country has been a member of t Org for

Economic Cooperation and Development for almost 30 years.

Global economic issues are among the core elements of post-Cold War international relations and like other countries, we give priority attention to these issues.

Our increasing dependence on international trade and t effects of world economic conditions on our domestic economy have led to a sharpened focus on international trade in the pursuit of our foreign policy.

(4) Our economic & political future is linked with those its Asian&other Pacific neighbors. Our trade, investment & technology transfer,

in t form of JVs with such countries, continue to grow.

Through regular, reciprocal, high-level exchanges of visits, our close contact with their governments continues,

particularly with the government of the People's Republic of China.

We take the view that peace and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific region depend on the ability of the region's countries to cooperate to maintain economic growth and political stability.

We are keen to ensure the stability and security of this region and to develop mutually profitable trade, investment, technological exchanges and cooperation. (3)近30年来我国一直是经济合作与发展组织的成员。

全球经济问题在冷战后的国际关系中处中心位置，我们同其他国家一样对这些问题给予优先考虑。由于我国对国际贸易依赖越来越大，由于世界经济对我国经济的影响，我们在奉行外交同时更关注国际贸易问题。

(4)我国政治和经济前途与亚洲以及其他太平洋邻国的政治和经济前途休戚相关。通过与这些国家建立合资企业，我国的贸易.投资和技术转让继续得到增长。

经常性的高层次互访使我们同这些国家的，特别是同中国，继续保持密切的接触。

我们认为，亚太地区的和平与繁荣取决于该地区各国能否进行合作以保持经济增长和政治稳定。我们迫切希望保障亚太地区的稳定和安全，发展互惠互利的贸易.投资和技术交流与合作。

09.05 上海高级口译第二阶段口试试题

是美国使我们的父辈相信，即使他们自己无法上大学，也可以每周积攒下一些钱来，让他们的孩子接受良好的教育；即使他们不能拥有自己的企业，也可以通过努力工作让自己的孩子创办企业。在美国历史的每个时刻，我们都勇敢的站起来面对挑战，因为我们从来没有忘记这样一个基本真理：在美国我们的命运并非天定，而是掌握在我们自己的手中。

所以，明天，我恳请你们书写美国下一个问答的篇章。我恳请你们不只相信我带来变革的能力，还有你们自己的能力。明天，你们可以选择这样一种：向美国的中产阶级进行投入、创造新的就业岗位、实现经济增长，让人人都有成功的机会。你们可以选择希望而非恐惧、选择团结而非。如果你们偷我的票，我们将不仅赢得此次竞选，还将一起改变这个国家、改变这个世界。 P2

我们再此代表欧洲消费者组织发表一些看法。食品质量和安全对消费者来说至关重要，他们越来越关心食品是如何生产的。然而，质量有许多形式，消费者需求也因人而异。消费者在需求、生活方式、预算和品味等方面各有不同。

谈到质量，我们不得不考虑实际用于评判质量的因素：外形特征、感官享受、营养价值、产品来源、道德标准及周围环境等。消费者希望能更多的了解食品是如何生产的。他们特别希望知道的是：生产方式、生产环境和社会因素，及宣传食品的实际依据。 P3

Distinguished visitors，our university is well-known as the best university of the Yangtze river. It is a comprehensive university with a complete range of disciplines in liberal arts，science，engineering and medicine. Over the past one hundred years，we have grounded ourselves in the well-disciplined educational philosophy，shaped an academic ideology of pursuing pragmatic excellence and turned out class upon class graduates whom have become great leaders in china‘s grand undertaking of socialist construction. With its hard-earned centennial legacy，the university finds itself confronting a great chance of further development，a chance in a hundred years.

We are guided by the spirit of “patriotism，dedication，truth-seeking and innovation”and with rich imagination，active creativity and effectual practice our university is contributing to the rejuvenation and prosperity of our nation，as well as to the economic and cultural prosperity of the region. We will work even harder in the hope of spurring discipline-construction，improving education quality，and elevating the university‘s academic and visibility in all dimensions. P4

T Chinese government attaches great importance to the issues of climate change and has taken various measures to handle it and improve the ecological environment. China has formulated the national plan for coping with climate change ，set up a national leading office to cope with the climate change and defined the specific goals，basic principals，key areas，policy measures and implementing procedures of addressing climate change.

China has set the objectives of cutting 20% of energy consumption per unit of GDP and increasing the proportion of renewable energy to 10% and forest coverage to 20% by 2010 over 2005，various efforts are well underway and initial results have been achieved. China will continue to make relentless efforts to reach those objectives. P5

This is t country that allowed our parents and grandparents to believe that even if they couldn‘t go to college，they could work hard enough so their children could open one of their own. And at every moment in our history，we‘re risen to meet our challenges because we‘ve never forgotten the fundamental truth that in American，our destiny is not written for us，but by us.

So tomorrow, I ask u to write about our nation‘s nest great chapter. I ask you to believe-not just in my ability to bring about change，but in yours. Tomorrow you can choose policies that invest in our middle class，create new jobs，and grow this economy so that everyone has a chance to succeed. You can choose hope over fear，unity over division. If you give me your note，we won‘t just win this election-together，we will change this country and change the world. P6

I am here to present some ideas on behalf of the European consumers‘ organization. Food quality and safety are issues of great importance to consumers，and consumers are becomingly increasingly concerned about how the food they consumer is produced. Quality，however，takes many forms，and individual consumer requirements vary considerably. Consumers all have different need，lifestyles，budgets and tastes.

When talking about quality one must consider the factors that are actually used to judge quality：appearance，sensual perception，nutrition value，origin，ethical aspects and environmental considerations. Consumers want to know more about how their food is produced and particularly about such subjects as production methods，environmental and social factors，and the factual basis for any claims made for the food. P7

各位来宾，我校素有―江南第一学府‖之美誉，是一个含文.理.工.医等学科的综合性大学。一个世纪以来，我校严谨的治学态度铸造了务实而又追求卓越的学术思想，为祖国培养了一大批栋梁之才。我校百年基业，来之不易目前又面临了一次百年未预的发展良机。

我们秉承“爱国、奉献、求实、创新”的精神，以丰富的想象力、活跃的创造力和卓有成效的实践，为民族振兴和国家强盛，为地区经济发展和文化繁荣做出了贡献。我们将大力推行学科建设，提高办学质量，全面提升我们的学术知名度和影响力。 P8

中国高度重视气候变化问题，为应对气候变化和改善生态环境采取了大量的措施。中国制定了“应对气候变化国际方案”，成立了国家对气候变化领导小组，明确了应对气候变化具体目标、基本原则、重点领域、措施、和落实步骤。

中国提出到2010年单位国内生产总值能耗在2005年基础上降低20%、可再生能源比重提高到10%、森林覆盖率提高到20%等目标。目前，各项目标的实现正在稳步进行，并取得初步成效，今后中方将继续朝着上述目标做出不懈努力。

09.11 上海高级口译第二阶段口试试题 P1

我们大力落实去把握新的发展机遇。我们越来越清楚的看到，眼前这场严重的经济危机确实孕育着新的发展机遇，我们信心十足，因为我们的熟练工技能队伍为今后的发展奠定了坚实的基础。我们相信，这支力量将使我国成为世界上主要的先进技术产品制造中心。

近年来，我国经济进步开放，中国已成为我们最大贸易伙伴。审慎的金融及低水平的国债使我们有信心面对这场危机带来的挑战。总之，我们满怀自信和信心，面对未来，经济U型反转不仅可以实现，而且很快便会出现。当然，我们需要坚忍不拔的毅力来推行产业结构调整和金融改革方案。 P2

我仅代表联合国所有成员国，在此重申这个国际组织的作用。联合国60多年前成立时，反映了人类建立一个公正与和平的国际社会的殷切希望。联合国至今任然代表了这个梦想。我们仍然是唯一具有产生于会籍普遍性的合法性和规模，并具有包括发展、安全和以及在环境在内的使命的全球性机构。

我重申，这是一个没有军事能力的组织，在经济领域也只处理相对不多的资源。然而，我们队世界的影响却比许多人所认为的要大得多，而且常常比我们自己所意识到的还要多。这种影响不是产生于权利的行使，而是产生于我们所代表的价值观念的力量。我们的价值观包括维护国际秩序，建立和谐世界。 P3

T CN has always respected human dignity & value. Even in t ancient days，our ancestors came up with the idea of ―people being the most important，‖believing that―man is the most valuable among all the things heaven fosters.‖The progress and development of a society hinge on human progress and development and depend on how well human dignity is maintained and how much human value is realize. The immense vitality displayed by china today is a vivid reflection of the broad freedoms and democratic rights enjoyed by the Chinese people. China has a population of over 1.3b，to ensure our people t right to subsistence & development is in itself a major contribution to the progress of the world human rights cause. Collective and individual human rights should be given to t development economic and cultural rights on one hand and of civil and political rights on t other. This is dictated by china‘s specific national conditions and therefore，is t only way to progress in human rights cause in china. P4

The CP value the concept of “living comfortably and working happily”. Nature is generous；it provides suitable conditions for human beings to survive and develop. Nature is also merciless；it takes revenge on endless exploitation. In china，many cities are now facing ecological and environmental problems in the course of industrialization and urbanization. We therefore，have placed environment protection as one of our top priorities when developing the economy.

For many years we have made great efforts to control air pollution，garbage pollution，noise pollution and the pollution explosion. We have tried to reduced the problems of city water supplies，energy，housing，traffic，and to increase green areas and improve the quality of the environment. Our achievements have been amazing. We will make constant efforts to improve human living environments and to create a better future for human beings. P5

We have made significant strides in implementing t policies needed to take advantage of t new opps of development. We became more and more aware that these opportunities are indeed embedded in this serious economic crisis. We are very confident our skilled work force allowed this country to become a major center for advanced technology products in the world.

In recent years，we further opened up our economy & china is now our number 1 trading partner. And our prudent financial policies and low level of public debt have position us well to address

the challenges of the current crisis. All in all，we can look to the future with self-confidence that an economic U-turn is not only achievable，but also immediate. Of course，we will require perseverance in implementing our industrial and financial agenda. P6

On behalf of all the membership of the UN，I hereby reaffirm the role of this international organization. When it was created more than 60 Years ago，the united nations reflected humanity‘s greatest hopes for a just and peaceful global community. It still embodies that dream. We remain the only world institution with the legitimacy and scope that derive from global membership，and a mandate that encompass development，security and human rights as well as the environment.

I restate that we are an organization without independent military capability，and we dispose of relatively modest resources in the economic realm. Yet our influence and impact on the world is far greater than many believe to be the case，and often more than we ourselves realize. This influence derives not from any exercise of power，but from the force of the values we represent. Among these values are t maintenance of world order & t establishment of world harmony. P7

中华民族历来尊重人尊严和价值。还在遥远古代，我们先人就已提出―民为贵‖的思想，认为―天生万物，唯人为贵‖一切社会的发展和进步，都取决于人的发展和进步，取决于人的尊严的维护和价值的发挥。今天中国所焕发出来的巨大活力，是中国人民拥有广泛自由.民主的生动写照。中国确保13亿多人的生存权和发展权，是对世界进步事业的重大贡献。集体与个人.经济社会文化权利与公民政治权利紧密结合和协调发展，这是适合中国国情因而是中国事业发展的必然道路。 P8

中国人民崇尚“安居乐业”。大自然是慷慨的，它为人类的生存和发展提供了适宜的条件。大自然是无情的，它对无情的掠夺予以报复。中国许多城市在工业化和都市化过程中面临着生态环境问题。所以，我们在发展经济同时，要把环境保护作为首要任务之一。

多年来，我们一直致力于控制空气污染、垃圾污染、噪音污染和爆炸。我们试图减少城市供水、能源、住房、交通方面的问题，扩大绿化面积，提高环境质量。我们已经取得惊人的成就。我们将继续努力，改善人类居住的环境，创造人类更加美好的未来。

11.11 上海高级口译第二阶段口试试题例1

这个月中美两国的学生开展了为期半个月的―美中城市学生‖活动。两国学生在河北八卦岭走访农家，参加农村社区服务活动，互相教授英语和汉语；在北京参观长城、故宫等景点，并就校园生活、升学、就业等主题进行交流。

活动中，两国学生克服语言和文化障碍，超越习俗和偏见，通过沟通和互动，结下了深厚的友谊。依依惜别之时，两国学生彼此承诺：努力学习，健康成长，未来再相会。从两国学生的身上，我看到了中美人民之间的深厚友谊，看到了中美关系的光明前景。

This month American and Chinese students joined in a 15-day program entitled ―China in the Eyes of American and Chinese City Students‖. They visited farmers in Bagualing of Hebei Province, did volunteer work in rural communities and taught each other English and Chinese. They visited the Great Wall, the Forbidden City and other tourist attractions, and had discussions on topics such as campus life, admission to college and job hunting.

During the program, the students went beyond language and cultural barriers, differences in customs and views, and forged friendship through communication and interaction. When it came to the time of parting, the students promised to each other that they would study hard,

keep fit and meet again in the future. I see in these students the profound friendship between Chinese and American peoples and the bright prospect of Sino-U.S relations. 例2

我们历来主张中美两国文明虽有不同，却不相斥；虽有差异，却能交融。中美两国建交以来，人民之间的交往不断扩大。两国已缔结了163对姊妹城市。去年，到中国旅游的美国人多达182万人次，中国赴美探亲、求学、经商的有万人次。

中国人民自古以来珍惜―和为贵‖、―和而不同‖的价值观。作为世界上有重要影响的大国，中美应该相互尊重、相互学习、求同存异、取长补短，为不同文明之间和谐共存、进行建设性合作树立榜样，为实现人类的共同发展作出贡献。

We have always held that t Chinese & U.S. civilizations can get along with instead of repelling each other despite our differences. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, there are more extensive contacts between the two peoples, and 163 pairs of sister cities have been twinned. More than 1.82 million Americans visited China last year while 0,000 Chinese went to the States for family reunion, education or business.

Since ancient times, Chinese people have treasured the values of ―peace as most precious‖ and ―harmony without uniformity.‖ As major countries of globa1 influence, China and the United States should respect each other and draw upon our respective strengths, seek common ground while recognizing our differences. In so doing, we can set a good example for civilizations to coexist in harmony for constructive cooperation, hence contributing to t common development of humanity. 例3

Most of China‘s growth over the past 30 years can be explained by high rates of investment and the movement of workers from subsistence farming to more productive use in industry. But China‘s growth is not based simply on cheap labor. It also has the advantages of good infrastructure, an educated workforce, a high rate of savings available to finance investment and, most important of all, an extremely open economy.

China has the lowest tariff protection of any developing country. Moreover, China has welcomed foreign direct investment, which has bolstered growth by increasing the stock of fixed capital and providing new technology and management know-how. Joint ventures with foreign firms produce 28 percent of China‘s industrial output. As a latecomer, China does not need to reinvent the wheel, but merely to open its economy to ideas from the rich world – which it has done with great enthusiasm.

中国过去30年的经济增长主要归功于高投资率，归功于劳动力从自给自足农业流向工业，从而提高了生产力。但中国的发展并非仅依赖廉价劳动力，它还有其他许多优势：良好的基础设施，教育程度较高的劳动力，可用于金融投资的高储蓄，而最重要的是，中国的经济极为开放。

中国的关税保护是发展中国家中最低。中国也欢迎外商直接投资，通过增加固定资本、引进新技术和管理知识保持经济增长。中国与外商建立的合资企业产值已占工业总产值的28％。作为后起之秀，中国不必重复别人走过的老路，而只需开放经济，吸收富裕世界的理念—而这些正是中国满怀热情完成的事情。例4

Napoleon left with the world his famous saying that ―Let China sleep, for when she awakes she will shake the world.‖ He was ahead of his time, but now the dragon is certainly awake. Since 1978, when Deng Xiaoping first set his country on a path of economic reform, its GDP has grown by an average of 9.5 percent a year, three times the growth rate in the United States, and faster than in any other economy. In fact, China was the largest economy for much of the recorded history.

Until t l5th century, China had the highest income per head and was the technological leader. But then it suddenly turned its back on the world. Its rulers imposed strict limits on international trade and tightened their control on new technology. Measured by GDP per person it was overtaken by Europe by l500. Much to the surprise of the world, China is now rejuvenating itself, making up lost ground and catching up.

拿破仑有句名言说，―让中国沉睡吧！当她觉醒时，全球将为之震撼。‖拿破仑是有远见／先见之明的。如今这条巨龙显然已觉醒。自1978年将中国推上经济改革之路以来，中国国内生产总值以年均9.5％的速度增长，是美国同期增长的三倍，并超过其他任何一个经济体增长速度。事实上，有史以来大多数时间中国都是世界上最大的经济体。

15世纪以前中国的人均收入为全世界最高，技术也处于世界领先地位。但后来突然中国闭关锁国，统治者对国际贸易实行严格，对新技术的引进也严加控制。到1500年，中国人均国内生产总值已被欧洲赶超。如今令世人瞩目的是，中国正在重整旗鼓、收复失地、迎头赶上。例1

Asia‘s success was the result of economic policies that encouraged business investment. It tells that domestic economic policies must continue to be geared toward building resilient and competitive economies. This requires, in particular, strengthening domestic sources of growth, including by vigorously tackling incomplete reforms in the financial and corporate sectors. It also requires pursuing policies that make economies more capable of absorbing economic shocks more easily. Next, growing regional and global interdependence requires that policy makers pay increasing attention to the international context of their decisions. A regional focus that remains open to the rest of the world holds great promise for Asia‘s long-term growth. 亚洲的成功是奉行鼓励商业投资的经济的结果。亚洲的成功表明，国内经济必须继续朝着有利于建立灵活而有竞争力的经济方向发展，尤其是要加强国内发展源头，包括大力完善金融和公司部门的改革，以及奉行更容易消融震荡的经济。其次，地区和全球之间越来越相互依存，这要求决策者必须更多考虑决策的国际背景。一个面向世界的地区焦点展示了亚洲长期发展的美好前景。例2

The published economic data is igniting fears of a serious U.S. economic downturn. However, economic recovery has come full circle. The growth propped by the US economic recovery reached its peak last year. The engines to that growth have been weakened and left almost powerless heading into the next half. Second, the US government will begin imposing more taxes on businesses. More signals are indicating a lack of growth motivation.

已公布的经济数据引起了对美国经济衰退的担忧。然而，经济复苏已全面来临。由美国经济恢复支撑的经济增长去年已达到顶点。这一增长的动力受到削弱，因而今年下半年已呈软弱无力之势。其次，美国将增加对公司企业的征税。更多迹象表明增长动力的疲乏。例3

文化差异是由于地域、种族、历史、环境，以及经济、科学、技术水平的差异产生的。文化差异呼唤文化交流。文化差异赋予我们色彩斑斓的世界和丰富多彩的生活。差异使我们相互吸引，差异使距离拉得更近。事实上，我们已经生活在一个文化彼此交融的时代。当然，不同文化的相聚不可能永远不发生冲突碰撞。 Cultural differences arise from a difference in region, race, history, environment &t development of economy, science and technology, and call for cultural exchanges. They also present us a diverse world and a colourful life, reducing the geographical distances and drawing us closer. In fact, we are living at a time when different cultures are merging into each other. It is true that different cultures do not always come together without conflicts or collision. 例4

很高兴与各位共同参加中国上海国际艺术节。今晚的压轴表演为艺术节划上完美的句号。中国上海国际艺

术节已连续举办十一年，而且表演节目一年比一年精彩。在金融风暴肆虐下，艺术节振奋人心，让我们深深感受到艺术之美，人生之美。此外，艺术节亦展现上海作为亚洲文化中心的魅力，提升我们的软实力。 It is a pleasure to join you for this year‘s China Shanghai International Arts Festival. The performance tonight concludes the Festival with a high note. The Festival has been held for 11 years in a row, with the performances more engaging. During the current economic turmoil, the Festival has lifted our spirits, reminding us of the beauty of art and life. It also enhances Shanghai‘s appeal and soft power as a cultural hub in Asia. 例5

Stanford University is a university that is very open and inclusive to persons of all faiths, all races, all over the country and the world. But we still have a long way to go if we are going to get the benefits that diverse perspectives provide. We must cast our net for excellence as widely as we possibly can. There has not been a single period in Stanford‘s history that it has achieved so remarkably. It is because we see the potential of what is going to come. We take the long view and increase our investment, and bring in the best scholars, let them follow their imaginations, and don‘t try to direct them. In the long run, it is their knowledge that will pay off.

斯坦福大学是一所非常开放的大学，无论你什么信仰、种族、来自美国哪个州，或哪个国家，任何人都可以进入斯坦福大学。但如想从多元化的好处中受益，我们仍有很长一段路要走。我们必须尽可能扩大网罗天下英才的网络。在斯坦福大学的办学史上，从来没有哪一时期像现在这样取得如此令人瞩目的成就。这是因为我们看到了发展的潜能，我们着眼未来，加大投资，引进一流学者，让他们充分发挥想象力时，不去指挥他们。从长远来看，正是这些一流学者的知识才会有价值。例6

On behalf of my fellow honorary graduates and myself, I wish to express our heartfelt gratitude to the University for the high honors which have been conferred on us and for the generous citations today. With its global vision and its mission to combine tradition with modernity, this university is a unique institution that makes an invaluable contribution. The University must be commended on what it has achieved. I trust that you will do your part to contribute to the development of your Alma Mater in future years. Youth is the trustee of posterity. Looking into the future, our young people should, as much as possible, prepare themselves for the exciting challenges ahead.

我谨代表其他与我一起领受荣誉学位的人士，对校方今天颁予我们这项崇高荣誉及嘉许，致以由衷的感谢。这所大学既具备国际视野，同时又将传统性与现代性结合在一起，贡献卓著。贵校所取得的成就值得称颂。我深信你们他日必定会尽你们所能，为母校的发展作出贡献，回馈母校。未来掌握在年轻人手里。展望将来，年轻人应为迎接未来令人振奋的挑战而做好充分准备。例7

随着电信技术的迅速发展，世界贸易一体化的趋势不可逆转。当今，以网络技术为基础的电子商务是一个不可或缺的贸易方式。电子商务充分利用了信息网络技术的高科技手段，它的突出特点和优势是：向所有交易主体提供了先进的交易模式和平等的交易机会，大大减少交易的中间环节，缩短交易时间，从而打破资源局限，提高经济效率。

Alongside the rapid development of telecommunication technologies, the trend of the integration of world trade is irreversible. Today, based on network technology, electronic commerce is an indispensable means of trade. Making full use of high technology such as information and Internet technology, E-commerce has its remarkable features and advantages. It offers all trading bodies advanced trading pattern and equal trading opportunities; it reduces intermediate links of trading and saves trading time, thus breaking the limitations on resources and improving business efficiency.

例8

Every year, road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death for persons aged between 15 and 44. The estimated cost of death and injuries on the road is a staggering US$ 518 billion. We will encourage countries to implement the International Red Cross Plan of Action. We look forward to working with all concerned to find effective ways of addressing the terrible loss of life and resources which the global road traffic crisis has produced. As the old saying goes, \"All roads are covered with good intentions\". Let us work together to make these intentions a reality. 道路交通伤害占所有伤害致死的四分之一。更让人忧心的是，对15到44岁的人而言，道路交通伤害是死亡的罪魁祸首。据估计,道路致死及伤害造成的全球损失估计可高达5180亿美元。我们鼓励各国实施国际红十字行动计划。我们期待和有关方面合作找到有效方法，解决全球道路交通伤害所引发的重大人员和资源的损失。一句老话说的好，―所有道路都是由良好愿望铺成。‖让我们共同努力使愿望成真。例9

妇委会自成立以来，制定推动妇女发展的策略，研究妇女需要，解决妇女面临的各种问题。全力支持妇委会的工作，努力消除社会上对妇女的偏见。我期望能继续与国内外的朋友保持紧密联系，就促进妇女权益和福祉互相交流、彼此学习，延续世界妇女大会的精神，继续致力提供有利妇女发展的环境，共同为促进两性平等而努力。

Since its establishment, the Women‘s Commission formulated strategies for the advancement of women development, identifying women's needs and addressing all matters of concern to women. The Government has rendered its full support to the Women's Commission and will strive to eliminate any gender bias in the society. I hope that we will continue to maintain close liaison with the friends from around the world, and to exchange and learn from each other to achieve the goal of promoting women's rights and interests. Let us build upon the spirit of the World Conference on Women, continue to foster a favorable environment for women‘s development and join our hands to strive for gender equality.

例10

海南是位于中国最南端的美丽岛屿。这里的热带海洋气候特色非常明显，长达1528公里的海岸线一半为沙岸。海岸线阳光充足明媚，使得游客们在一年中多数时间都可进行日光浴。历史上的火山喷发，在海南岛留下了许多死火山口。岛上温泉分布广泛，大多属于治疗性温泉，非常适于发展融观光、疗养、科研等为一体的旅游。来海南旅游的人们被这座迷人的海岛所深深吸引，流连忘返。

Hainan, a beautiful island located at the southern tip of China, enjoys distinctively tropical maritime climate. Along the 1528-kilometer-long coastline of Hainan, the sandy beaches take about 50%. The ample and enchanting sunshine on the beaches allows the tourists to enjoy sunbathing during most time of the year. The volcanic eruptions in the history have left many extinct volcanic vents on the island. Hot springs are widely distributed there, most of which therapeutic ones, which renders it an ideal place to develop integrated tourism that combines sightseeing, recuperation as well as research. Those who visit Hainan are usually so fascinated by this charming island that they feel reluctant to leave.

例12

The Indian tradition develops ways of describing the body as it is experienced, from the inside out. The Western tradition looks at the body from the outside in, and peels it back one layer at a time, and it believes only what it can see. The East treats the person; the West treats the disease. Yoga relaxes you and, by relaxing, heals. When you do yoga, you initiate a process that turns the fight system off and turns the relaxation response on. The body seizes this chance to turn on the healing mechanisms. Yoga offers modern men and women a moment of relaxation when noise

and agitation are everywhere.

在印度，人们对身体的认知是由里及外的。而西方的传统是由外及里地逐层认识人的身体，西方人只相信他们能看到的东西。东方人治病讲究治人，而西方人治病只是针对疾病本身。瑜伽使身体放松，通过放松达到治愈。做瑜伽时，开始消除紧张，身体开始得到放松。人体机能利用这个机会得到修复。瑜伽让现代人在嘈杂、喧闹的环境中得到片刻安宁。

因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容

查看全文