阿维菌素残留数据

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ABAMECTIN (177)

EXPLANATION

Abamectin was evaluated in 1992 and 1994 and MRLs were recommended for a number of cropsand animal commodities.

The 28th (1996) Session of the CCPR was informed that the LOD of 0.01 mg/kg for

abamectin might need to be increased to 0.02 mg/kg (ALINORM 97/24, para 77). The 29th 1997Session (ALINORM 97/24A, para 105) agreed, on the advice of the ad hoc Working Group onMethods of Analysis, to maintain MRLs for abamectin set at or about the LOD at 0.01 mg/kg.The 29th Session also noted (ALINORM 97/24A, para 89) that the CCRVDF had proposed

MRLs for abamectin in animal products and encouraged comment on these proposals.

The Meeting received information on the current registered or approved uses of abamectin

on food crops. The Netherlands provided a copy of the official method of analysis for abamectinresidues.

The Meeting received information on methods of analysis and residue data from supervised

trials on the additional crops apples, potatoes and hops as well as on pears, cucurbits, lettuce andtomatoes. Processing data were available for apples, pears, potatoes and hops.

The predominant residues from the use of abamectin on cropos are avermectin B1a, avermectin B1band the photoesomers 8,9-Z-avermectin B1 (B1a and B1b ).METHODS OF RESIDUE ANALYSISAnalytical methods

Abamectin is a mixture of avermectin B1a (󰀀80%) and avermectin B1b (󰀀20%). In sunlight thephotoisomer 8,9-Z-avermectin is produced and becomes part of the residue. It is also described as the∆-8,9 isomer. Avermectin B1a and 8,9-Z avermectin B1a produce the same fluorescent compound inthe derivatization step of the analytical methods and hence a single peak on an HPLC chromatogram.Avermectin B1b and its photoisomer 8,9-Z-avermectin B1b behave in the same way and appeartogether in a second peak in the chromatogram.

Analytical methods that measure the components of the residue involve the HPLC separation

and fluorescence detection of derivatives formed by converting the cyclohexene ring to an aromaticring. Analytical methods for abamectin residues in crops, soil, animal tissues, milk and water werereviewed by the 1992 JMPR.

The newer analytical methods rely on a rapid derivatization. The avermectin compounds

dissolved in an acetonitrile/triethylamine mixture in the presence of 1-methylimidazole react rapidlywith trifluoroacetic anhydride at room temperature to produce the fluorescent derivative.Approximately 3 minutes are required for the reaction as compared with 1 hour in previous methods.Some clean-up steps have also been streamlined.

Cobin (1989), in Method 8920, extracted abamectin residues from cucumbers with

methanol. The aqueous methanol extract was washed with iso-octane and passed through a C-8column that captured the abamectin residues. The C-8 column was connected to 2 small aminopropyl

2abamectin

columns in series and the abamectin rinsed through with methanol. A portion of the extract wasevaporated and the abamectin was derivatized and determined by HPLC with fluorescence detection.Recoveries were satisfactory, but recoveries of 8,9-Z-avermectin were mostly near 70%, which waslower than those of avermectin B1a and B1b.

Trainor (1991) drew attention to the losses of 8,9-Z-avermectin B1a which may occur in

emulsions during solvent partition steps. Shaking must be done gently to keep the emulsion layer toa minimum.

Hicks (1992a,b) described Method 8000 for abamectin residues in apples and pears. Samples

were first treated with pectinase to hydrolyse the pectin. Abamectin residues were extracted from theapple or pear homogenate with acetonitrile/water, and the extract further diluted with water andloaded onto a small C-8 column. Abamectin was eluted from the column with acetonitrile, whichwas diluted with water and the abamectin partitioned into hexane. The hexane solution was furthercleaned up on an aminopropyl column to produce an extract ready for derivatization and HPLCdetermination. The LOD for each component of the residue in both apples and pears was0.002 mg/kg. Good recoveries from spiked samples of apples and pears were obtained foravermectin B1a at 0.0019-0.079 mg/kg, avermectin B1b at 0.0038-0.0059 mg/kg and 8,9-Z-avermectin B1a at 0.0046-0.070 mg/kg.

Cobin (1995) described the method (M-007.1) used for analysing apple samples from the

supervised residue trials in Europe. Partially thawed whole apples were chopped in a Hobart foodprocessor with dry ice added to achieve better chopping and to keep samples partially frozen. Aportion of the chopped homogenate was then blended with acetonitrile, water and hexane.Abamectin residues were extracted into the hexane phase, which after drying with sodium sulfatewas introduced into 2 small aminopropyl columns in series. The columns were washed with hexane,toluene and then dichloromethane. The abamectin residues were eluted from the column withacetone/dichloromethane, derivatized and determined by HPLC as described in other methods.Macdonald et al. (1994) validated Method M-007 for apples. Good recoveries of avermectin

B1a were obtained from apples fortified at 0.002, 0.010 and 0.030 mg/kg.

The method (91-1) used for the determination of abamectin in tomatoes was very similar to

the later method M-007.1 used for apples (Prabhu, 1991c). Maudsley and Clements (1994) validatedmethod 91-1 for residues in lettuce. Good recoveries were obtained from lettuce fortified withavermectin B1a at 0.002, 0.010, 0.030 and 2.00 mg/kg and with avermectin B1b at 0.002, 0.010 and0.10 mg/kg.

Method 936-92-4 used for the determination of abamectin residues in potatoes was described

by Wehner (1992). Residues were extracted with methanol and the extract, after the addition ofwater, was passed through a small C-8 column which retained the abamectin residue. Further clean-up was achieved by washing the residue from the C-8 column directly through an aminopropylcolumn with a small volume of methanol. Part of the methanol solution was concentrated to drynessand the fluorescent derivatives were formed by reaction with a mixture of trifluoroacetic anhydrideand 1-methylimidazole in acetonitrile. The LOD for each component of the residue was 0.005mg/kg. Kvaternick (1993g) validated the method for fortified raw potatoes and achieved goodrecoveries for avermectin B1a at 0.005-0.100 mg/kg, avermectin B1b at 0.0049 mg/kg and 8,9-Z-avermectin B1a at 0.005-0.050 mg/kg.

Morneweck (1992) described Method 92-1 for residues of abamectin in apple pomace, apple

juice and apple sauce. Abamectin residues were extracted from wet or dry apple pomace with ahexane/water/acetonitrile mixture. Apple juice and apple sauce were extracted withacetonitrile/water and the extracts passed through a C-8 column, which was washed with acetonitrileto recover the abamectin residues. The extracts of all the commodities were then cleaned up on anaminopropyl column. The procedure then followed that of Method 8000 described above.

abamectin3

Recoveries of 8,9-Z-avermectin B1a were consistently near 70% from the various commodities, butthose of avermectin B1a and B1b were generally higher.

Johnson (1994a) described Method M-036 for abamectin in dried hops. The hops were

rehydrated and extracted with a methanol-water mixture. Clean-up was effected by extraction intohexane and passage of the hexane extract through an aminopropyl solid phase extraction column.The abamectin in the cleaned up extract was derivatized with trifluoroacetic anhydride anddetermined by HPLC in the normal way. The LODs for avermectin B1a, B1b and 8,9-Z-avermectinB1a in spiked dried hops were all 0.005 mg/kg. Method M-044 for abamectin residues in fresh hopsis essentially the same as M-036 (Johnson, 1994b).

Duchene et al. (1997) validated analytical methods M-036.2 and M-044 for abamectin

residues in dried hops, fresh hops and immature hops. Good recoveries from spiked samples wereobtained for avermectin B1a (0.0025-0.100 mg/kg), avermectin B1b (0.005 mg/kg) and 8,9-Z-avermectin B1a (0.005-0.100 mg/kg). The validated LOD for the 3 components in dried, fresh andimmature hops was 0.005 mg/kg.

Many recovery experiments were carried out in the course of method validation and during

supervised trials and processing studies. The median and mean recoveries were respectively 87%and 88% for avermectin B1a (n=523), 90% and 89% for avermectin B1b (n=100), and 84% and 83%for 8,9-Z-avermectin B1a (n=166).

Some of the analytical methods developed to determine abamectin residues in various

substrates which were originally in the form of unpublished reports have now been published in thescientific literature. Prabhu et al. (1992) described a rapid method which was used for the analysis oftomatoes in field trials. Samples can be prepared for HPLC analysis in batches of 12 in about 4-6hours.

Cobin and Johnson (1995) have published a modified version of the method described above

for abamectin in apples, and have published the residue method for hops (Cobin and Johnson,1996).In the official method in The Netherlands (Netherlands, 1996) abamectin residues are

extracted with ethyl acetate from a portion of the chopped sample. The residue, after evaporation ofthe ethyl acetate, is taken up in hexane and loaded on to a small aminopropyl column for clean-up.The column is washed with hexane, toluene and dichloromethane and the washings discarded.Abamectin residues are then eluted with dichloromethane/acetone. After the solvent has beenevaporated the residue is taken up in methanol for HPLC analysis with UV detection at 245 nm.Good recoveries were obtained for avermectin B1a in fortified cucumber samples at 0.0135 and0.0675 mg/kg. The limit of determination was 0.003 mg/kg. The recovery of 8,9-Z-avermectin B1awas not determined.

Stability of pesticide residues in stored analytical samples

Information on the stability of abamectin residues in dried hops during frozen storage was providedto the Meeting. Studies on the frozen storage stability of abamectin in numerous crops werereviewed by the 1992 JMPR.

Arenas (1997a) tested the stability of avermectin B1a and 8,9-Z-avermectin B1a in spiked

dried hops stored below -10°C for 6 months. Dried hop cones without detectable abamectin residueswere pulverised, weighed in 5 g lots into small bottles, and spiked at 0.020 mg/kg with theavermectin test materials (Table 1). The freezer temperature was always below -10°C and theaverage was about -20°C. Samples were analysed by method M-036.

4abamectin

The compounds were stable for the 6 months, with perhaps a slow loss estimated at about

3% per month.

Arenas (1997b) used the same method to test the stability of abamectin in fresh hops during

frozen storage between -20°C and -5°C for 5 months (Table 1). Abamectin was again quite stable.Table 1. Freezer storage stability of avermectin B1a and 8,9-Z-avermectin B1a added to dried hopsand fresh hop cones (Arenas, 1997a,b). Duplicate samples were analysed on each occasion.

Storage interval,

days

03460961900130153

Avermectin B1a, mg/kgDRIED HOPS

0.023 0.0210.018 0.0210.023 0.0180.019 0.0170.018 0.018

FRESH HOP CONES

0.018 0.0180.016 0.0140.016 0.016

0131154

0.016 0.0150.015 0.0150.015 0.015

0366197189

0.019 0.0170.016 0.0140.015 0.0170.014 0.0150.014 0.014

Storage interval, days

8,9-Z-avermectin B1a, mg/kg

Definition of the residue

The abamectin residue is currently defined by the JMPR as the sum of avermectin B1a, avermectinB1b and ∆-8,9 isomer of avermectin B1a.

The Meeting noted that the definition proposed by JECFA (1997) for residues in the liver,

kidney and fat from animals subject to veterinary treatments with abamectin does not include the8,9-Z isomer (∆-8,9 isomer), because it is not present in animal tissues when abamectin is useddirectly on the animal. The JECFA efinition also does not include avermectin B1b, becauseavermectin B1a was considered the appropriate marker residue.

The Meeting agreed that the wider definition (to include the 8,9-Z isomer) was the

appropriate one for a laboratory carrying out enforcement or monitoring analyses because the analystwould not know whether the residue in the animal originated from veterinary uses, animal feed, orboth. In practice, the wider definition accommodates both sources.

The inclusion or exclusion of avermectin B1b from the residue definition is a matter of

judgement. In many crop situations B1b is commonly present at approximately 10% of the totalresidue, so its inclusion or exclusion has little effect on the measured residue. The analytical methodsmeasure B1a and B1b by the same procedure; they appear as two peaks on the same chromatogram, sothe analytical data for both components are always available from an analysis and may as well beused. The avermectin B1b residue can be calculated from the avermectin B1a standard curve becausethe reaction yields and response factors for derivatized B1a and B1b are the same.

Avermectin B1b forms a photoisomer 8,9-Z-avermectin B1b in the same way as avermectin

B1a. The studies reviewed by the JMPR in 1992 were with avermectin B1a so the possibility of 8,9-Z-avermectin B1b being produced was not taken into account. In practice the contribution of 8,9-Z-avermectin B1b to the residue will be small but for the sake of accuracy it should be recognised that

abamectin5

the HPLC measurement of avermectin B1b residues includes any 8,9-Z-avermectin B1b. The Meetingagreed to adjust the residue definition accordingly.

The recommended definition of the residue for compliance with MRLs and estimation of

STMRs is

“sum of avermectin B1a, avermectin B1b, 8,9-Z-avermectin B1a and 8,9-Z-avermectin B1b”

USE PATTERN

Table 2. Registered or approved uses of abamectin on food crops. All EC formulations.

CropAlmondAppleAppleAppleAppleAppleAppleAppleCeleryCeleryCeleryCeleryCeleryCeleryCeleryChicoryCitrusCitrusCitrusCitrusCitrusCitrusCitrusCitrusCottonCottonCottonCottonCottonCottonCottonCottonCottonCucumberCucumberCucumberCucumberCucumberCucumberCucumberCucumberCucumberCucurbits

Country

Method

USAAustraliaBrazilCanadaFrance*Israel

South AfricaUSAArgentinaCyprusFranceIsraelMexicoSpainUSAFranceArgentinaBrazilCyprusIsraelMexico

South AfricaSpainUSAArgentinaAustraliaBrazilIsraelMexico

South AfricaSpainUSAUSABrazilCyprusFranceGermanyIsrael

NetherlandsSpain

SwitzerlandUSAArgentina

foliar1foliar2foliar3foliar1foliar5foliar6 HVfoliar8foliarfoliarfoliarfoliarfoliarfoliarfoliar

foliar HV10foliar2foliarfoliar5foliar11foliar6foliar3foliar8foliar g & a13foliar g & afoliarfoliar5foliar

foliar g & afoliar

foliar g & afoliar g & afoliar2foliarfoliar

greenhouse19foliarfoliar gl20foliarfoliarfoliar

Application

Rate, kg ai/haSpray conc.,kg ai/hl0.0140.00019-0.000380.0280.0140.00140.0095-0.0320.0014-0.00180.014-0.0270.00036-0.000720.014-0.0270.00140.0018

0.014-0.0270.000630.013-0.0260.00035-0.000700.011-0.0220.00140.011-0.0220.00110.009

0.0054-0.0110.0009-0.00180.0054-0.0220.00110.0054-0.0220.00110.011-0.0210.009

0.011-0.0270.00027-0.000360.0054-0.0110.00036-0.000540.009-0.0180.000360.018-0.0250.0072-0.0270.00036

0.000180.014-0.0270.000720.0066-0.0260.0054-0.0110.0027-0.0110.00540.027 max0.0054-0.0110.0054-0.0110.000540.009-0.0220.0054-0.0110.00540.0054-0.0180.0018-0.00360.011-0.021note170.0053-0.0079note180.0045-0.0090.0009-0.00180.009-0.0180.00090.0220.00090.0230.0054-0.0110.0009-0.00180.0230.00045-0.00090.0054-0.0220.00110.009-0.00045-0.0009

0.036

0.011-0.0210.011-0.0220.0014

PHI,

days2114231428217142877

7 or 1477107

7 or 14777777107201420152172014211620201433337333 gl73

No.211 or 2426

2 or 472 or 4744461033 or 6942-5663332-8125-1026432

46565343 or 694

CropEgg plantEgg plantEgg plantEgg plantEgg plantEgg plantEndiveEndiveGherkinHopsHopsHops

Lamb’s lettuceLettuceLettuceLettuceLettuceLettuce, HeadLettuce, HeadLettuce,IcebergMelonMelonMelonMelonMelonMelonNectarinePeachPeanutsPearPearPearPearPearPearPearPearPearPearPearPearPearPeppersPeppersPeppersPeppersPeppersPeppers

Peppers (bell)Peppers, sweetPeppers, SweetPeppers, SweetPome fruitPotatoPotatoPotatoRadishSquash

CountryFranceGermanyGermanyIsrael

NetherlandsSwitzerlandFrance

NetherlandsNetherlandsCzech RepublicGermanyUSAFranceCyprusFranceFranceSpainNetherlandsUSA

NetherlandsCyprusFranceGermanyIsraelSpainUSAIsraelIsraelIsraelArgentinaAustraliaCanadaCyprusFranceFranceGreeceIsraelItaly

South AfricaSpain

SwitzerlandUSAArgentinaBrazilCyprusFranceIsraelSpainUSAGermanyNetherlandsSwitzerlandNew ZealandBrazilIsraelUSA

NetherlandsCyprus

Methodfoliargreenhouse19foliarfoliar gl20foliarfoliar f22foliar gl20foliarfoliarfoliar f22foliarfoliar f22foliarfoliarfoliar

abamectin

Application

Rate, kg ai/haSpray conc.,kg ai/hl0.022

0.023-0.0090.023

0.0054-0.0110.0009-0.00180.0230.00045-0.00090.009-0.00045-0.0009

0.0360.0090.0140.00090.0230.00045-0.00090.0220.00070.0230.00110.0220.009

0.009-0.0180.00090.0090.009

0.011-0.0220.0009-0.00180.0140.00090.011-0.0210.0140.00090.009-0.0180.0220.023

0.0054-0.0110.022

0.011-0.0210.014

0.00090.00090.0009-0.00180.00110.009

0.00054

0.00072-0.00140.0014

0.00036-0.000720.00054-0.000720.00140.0014

0.0014-0.00180.00140.00140.000630.00140.0014

0.00035-0.000700.0009-0.00130.0009-0.00180.00090.0009-0.00180.0011

PHI,days3373213 gl2814213282828287287 or 1414142171421333737

No.65644445222444434

3 or 69446563

3 or 69foliarfoliar

greenhouse19foliarfoliarfoliarfoliarfoliarfoliar

foliar HV10foliar1foliar3foliar24foliar10foliarfoliar5foliar25foliar6 HVfoliar3foliarfoliar8foliar HVfoliar2foliar24foliarfoliarfoliarfoliar

greenhouse19foliar gl20foliar

foliar11 HVfoliar2foliarfoliarfoliar gl20foliar

0.014-0.0270.014

0.014-0.0270.011-0.0290.0140.023

0.014-0.0360.014-0.0270.014-0.0270.014-0.0270.023-0.0270.013-0.0260.0.009-0.0220.009-0.0180.009-0.0180.022

0.0054-0.0110.0054-0.0220.011-0.0210.0230.023

0.009-0.0360.0270.009-0.0180.011

0.011-0.0210.014

0.009-0.018

2-41

1 or 2462462

2 or 4724

2 or 4744663

3 or 6954416

3 or 6914

0.00045-0.00090.00045-0.00090.000680.0011-0.00230.00180.00090.0009

1414232871515107147102128333373733213 gl1414714143

abamectin

CropSquashStrawberryStrawberryStrawberryStrawberryStrawberryStrawberryStrawberryStrawberryStrawberryStrawberryStrawberryStrawberryTomatoTomatoTomatoTomatoTomatoTomatoTomatoTomatoTomatoTomatoTomatoTomatoTomatoTomatoTomatoTomatoTomatoWalnutWatermelonWatermelonWatermelonWatermelonZucchiniZucchiniZucchiniZucchini

CountryUSAArgentinaAustraliaBrazilCyprusFranceIsraelMexico

New ZealandSouth AfricaSpain

SwitzerlandUSAArgentinaAustraliaBrazilCyprusFranceGermanyGermanyGreeceIsraelItalyMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandSouth AfricaSpainSwitzerlandUSAUSABrazilCyprusIsraelSpainFranceGermanyGermanyNetherlands

Methodfoliarfoliar HVfoliarfoliar2foliarfoliarfoliar5foliarfoliar HVfoliar HVfoliarfoliarfoliarfoliarfoliar HVfoliar2foliarfoliargreenhouse19foliarfoliarfoliarfoliar gl20foliar HV gl20foliar HVfoliarfoliarfoliarfoliarfoliarfoliarfoliarfoliar

PHI,days73326333733333332633333,73733213337 gl3 gl7217373333

Application

Rate, kg ai/haSpray conc.,kg ai/hl0.011-0.0210.011-0.0220.0014-0.00180.011-0.0220.00180.009-0.0170.009-0.00140.0180.00090.0230.0090.00090.009-0.0220.00180.0110.00180.022

0.011-0.0220.0014-0.00180.009-0.0140.000450.0210.009-0.0220.0009-0.00130.0054-0.00810.0011-0.00160.0068-0.0220.0014-0.00180.011-0.0220.00110.0220.00090.009-0.0230.023

0.011-0.00180.0054-0.0110.0009-0.00180.0054-0.0220.00110.0054-0.0220.0011-0.00180.0230.00045-0.00090.00810.0011-0.00160.0054-0.0220.00110.0054-0.0220.00110.009-0.0180.011-0.0210.014-0.0280.0045-0.0090.009-0.0180.0054-0.0110.0054-0.022

0.00045-0.00090.00019-0.000380.0009-0.00180.0009

0.0009-0.00180.00110.0009

No.3 or 69424464344444-92465623435

3 or 69246655

greenhousefoliar gl20190.009-0.0230.0230.023

0.00045-0.0009

*Proposed registration1

Plus summer oil2

Plus mineral or vegetable oil.3

Plus paraffinic oil.4

At the higher rate, 1 application is permitted; at the lower rate, 2.5

Plus ultrafine oil.6

Plus light mineral spray oil.7

At the higher rate, 2 applications are permitted; at the lower rate, 4.8

Plus horticultural spray oil.9

At the higher rate, 3 applications are permitted; at the lower rate, 6.10

Plus summer mineral oil.11

Plus agricultural spray oil.12

At the highest rate, 2 applications are permitted; at the lowest rate, 8.13

g & a - ground and aerial application14

Do not graze or feed cotton foliage.15

Do not graze or cut for stockfood for 20 days after application.16

Do not allow animals to feed on treated foliage.17

Late season18

Early season.19

Do not use during the months of November till February.

2021

abamectin

gl: glasshouse.

Only from 1 March to 1 November.22

Outdoor use only.23

Do not feed treated produce to livestock for 14 days after application.24

Plus narrow range oil.25

Plus agricultural spray mineral oil.26

Do not feed treated produce to livestock for 3 days after application.

RESIDUES RESULTING FROM SUPERVISED TRIALS

Residue data from supervised trials on fruits, vegetables and hops are summarized in Tables 3-10.Detailed comparisons of national GAP with the conditions in the trials which were considered to bevalid for the estiamtion of maximum residue levels and STMRs are shown in the “interpretation”Tables 11-17.

Table 3. Apples. Australia, France, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, Spain, UK, USATable 4. Pears. USA

Table 5. Cucurbits. Brazil, France, Mexico, SpainTable 6. Cucurbits USA

Table 7. Tomatoes. Netherlands

Table 8. Lettuce. France, Netherlands, SpainTable 9. Potatoes. Brazil, USATable 10. Hops. Germany, USA

Limits of detection and determination are generally reported as 0.002 and 0.005 mg/kg

respectively. Where these limits apply, residues in the residue tables reported as NQ are detected but<0.005 mg/kg, while residues reported as ND are <0.002 mg/kg. Residues, application rates andspray concentrations have generally been rounded to 2 significant figures or, for residues near theLOD, to 1 significant figure. The listed B1a residue includes avermectin B1a and its photoisomer 8,9-Z-avermectin B1a, and the B1b residue includes avermectin B1b and 8,9-Z-avermectin B1b.

Although all trials included control plots, no control data are recorded in the tables except

where residues were detected in the controls. Residues are not corrected for recovery.

The trials were fully reported as well as summarized..

Abamectin was applied to apple orchards in supervised trials in 3 States in Australia in 1995

using handgun sprayers or airblast back-pack misters. The trials were with 2 treated replicates of 1 or8 trees.

Apple trees were treated with abamectin in a large programme of supervised trials in France,

Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK from 1991 to 1994 (Table 4). Spray equipment and plot sizesvaried but the size of each field sample was consistently 12 apples.

Plot sizes in the French apple trials were 3 or 4 trees or a 3-4 m row. Trees were sprayed

with a motorised knapsack sprayer, a plot sprayer or by tractor with an airblast sprayer. Apple treesin the German trials of 1991 were sprayed with a pressurised back-pack sprayer. Sub-plot sizes were1 or 6 trees. In the Italian trials plots of 3-4 trees were sprayed with a handgun motor-driven pumpsprayer.

The analytical report for apple trial 115-94-0004R from New Zealand was unclear as to

whether the treatment had included a spraying oil. Also some results were reported as total residuesinstead of as the separate B1a and B1b components.

abamectin9

In Spain apple orchards were sprayed using a tractor-mounted orchard sprayer in 1993. Plots

were 3-5 trees. In 1994 the trees were sprayed by motorised knapsack or handgun motor pump. Inthe UK trials of 1991 the trees were sprayed with a back-pack airblast sprayer. Plots were 1 or 2trees. The oil used as a spray additive in trial 074-91-0004R was rape seed oil.

In a programme of supervised trials on apples in the USA abamectin was used on common

varieties in seven apple-growing states from 1990 to 1992 (Table 3). Abamectin in association with ahorticultural spraying oil (9.4 l/ha) was applied by handgun sprayers or tractor driven airblastsprayers. Treated plots consisted of 16-18 trees with sampling of the 4 inner trees. In the 1990 trialsthe four trees were sampled as 4 replicate subplots, but in 1991 and 1992 they were sampled as 2replicate subplots each of 2 trees. The field sample was 12 apples. In trial 001-91-1024R 9 mm ofrain fell on the final day of treatment so samples were taken 1 day later instead of on the day oftreatment.

Abamectin was applied to pear trees in 4 supervised trials in California, the USA, by

commercial airblast orchard sprayer (Table 4). The plot size was 16 trees and samples for analysiswere taken from the 4 central trees. There was little rainfall during the trials and irrigation was byfurrow in two of the trials and by sprinkler in the other two, but the sprinklers were beneath the treesand irrigation water would not have contacted the fruit. Field samples were of 12 pears and 11-12 kgwere taken for processing.

Trials on cucurbits in Brazil, France, Mexico and Spain are summarized in Table 5. In each

trial in Mexico a field sample from each of 4 replicate plots was analysed. Abamectin was applied byknapsack in all trials except one on cucumbers (002-90-0016R) where a manual sprinkling pumpwas used. Spray concentrations were progressively decreased through the number of applications ineach trial to maintain the required application rate because larger volumes of spray were required forgood coverage as the plants approached maturity. Plot sizes were 8-563 m2 for cucumbers,23-563 m2 for pickling cucumbers, 11-763 m2 for cantaloupe and 46-648 m2 for honey-dew melons.Field samples were 5-10 fruit for cucumbers, 0.5 kg for pickling cucumbers, and 4 mature fruit forcantaloupes and honey-dew melons.

In melon trials in Brazil abamectin was applied by knapsack to plot sizes of 30-90 m2. A

field sample of 6 melons (4.2-9 kg) was taken from each plot for analysis. The edible pulp wasanalysed rather than whole melons. Abamectin was applied by knapsack to melons in 60 m2 plots insupervised trials in France. Field samples consisted of 4-5 fruit. In Spain abamectin was applied byCO2 pressurized back-pack sprayer to 6 m2 plots of melons in glasshouses with each plot comprising4 subplots. Samples of 4-5 fruit were taken from the subplots for analysis.

Glasshouse tomatoes growing on a rockwool substrate were treated with abamectin using a

motor driven high-pressure sprayer equipped with a hand-held wand in 2 trials in The Netherlands inMarch-April 1993. Plot sizes were 19 m2. In 4 glasshouse tomato trials in The Netherlands inSeptember -October 1993 abamectin was applied 4 times at weekly intervals to plots of 30 m2 . Thefinal applications were in the first week (2 trials) or third week (2 trials) of October.

Trials on lettuce are summarized in Table 8. Head lettuce were sprayed by knapsack or

compressed air experimental sprayer in field trials in France in 1992. There were 4 replicates of 5-10m2 in the trial design. The field sample comprised 6 lettuce. The design and procedures were verysimilar in Spanish trials on head and leaf lettuce also in 1992. Old leaves were discarded from theharvested lettuce in the field.

Abamectin was applied by hand-held sprayer to head lettuce in a series of glasshouse trials

in The Netherlands in 1993 and 1994. Four applications were made in each trial at intervals ofapproximately 5-7 days. The plots were 22.5 m2. The number of heads in a field sample variedbecause of growth during the sampling period, but the sample weight was about 2.5 kg. The trials

10abamectin

coincided with the change of season because Netherlands GAP specifies that the use on glasshouselettuce should be between 1 March and 1 November.

Trials on potatoes were carried out in Brazil and the USA (Table 9). In a series of trials in

Brazil in 1994 abamectin was applied to the potato foliage by knapsack sprayer with 2 replicates of20 m2 plots in each trial. Field samples were 2 kg of tubers.

In 4 trials in the USA in 1992 abamectin was applied 6 times at an exaggerated rate at 6-9

day intervals by CO2 pressurised sprayers (some treatments included a paraffin crop oil at 9.4 l/ha).Plot sizes ranged from 50 to 100 m2. One field sample (2-3 kg tubers) was taken from each of 2subplots or split plots within each plot. The tubers were commercially acceptable for harvest andduring field sampling adhering soil was removed as far as possible with a clean dry brush; the tuberswere not washed. Similar practices were followed in the US trials in 1993 except that abamectin wasapplied at the US recommended label rate.

The US trial 001-94-1022 was designed to produce potatoes for processing. Abamectin was

applied 6 times, with intervening intervals of 7 days, at an exaggerated rate (0.11 kg ai/ha). Diquatwas applied 2 days after the final abamectin application to kill the potato vines and promote tuberbulking. Maturity for the variety Russet Nugget is determined by frost or vine-kill.

Trials on hops were conducted in Germany and the USA (Table 10). Abamectin was applied

by tractor-driven airblast sprayers in 8 supervised trials in Germany in 1994 and 1996. The 2applications in each trial were approximately 21 days apart. Plot sizes ranged from 288 m2 to 504m2. Field samples were taken from the middle rows of the plots. In 1994 fresh hops were dried for 6hours at 62°C to produce dry hops. In 1996 the mature cones were dried in a commercial hop kiln forapproximately 3 hours to produce the dry hops, the final samples of which were at least 500 g.In 4 supervised trials in the USA in 1994 abamectin was applied twice to hops by tractor-driven airblast sprayers. The plots consisted of 5-7 rows approximately 9 m long. Field samples of 1-2 kg of cones were taken from the middle rows and dried at 38-60°C for 12 hours to produce the dryhops which were analysed. The dry weight was approximately 30% of the fresh weight and themoisture content of the dry hops was close to 9%.

Table 3. Abamectin residues in apples resulting from foliar applications in supervised trials inAustralia, France, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, Spain, the UK and the USA. Double-underlinedresidues are from treatments according to GAP and are valid for estimating maximum residue levelsand STMRs. All EC formulations.

Country, year

Application

PHI,days

Residues, mg/kg1B1a + 8,9-Z-B1a0.015 0.0150.003 0.002NQ NQ0.013 0.0120.005 0.0020.002 0.0040.009 0.007ND NQND ND0.006 0.015 0.003 0.0040.004 NQ NQ NQ

0.016 0.015 0.010 0.0080.003 ND 0.003

B1b + 8,9-Z-B1bND NDND NDND NDNQ NQND NDND NDND NDND NDND ND

ND 0.002 ND NDND (4)

0.002 0.002 ND NDND (3)

Ref

(variety)kg ai/hakg ai/hlAustralia (NSW), 19950.0140.0008(Granny Smith)+ oilAustralia (Tas), 1995(Red Delicious)Australia (Vic), 1995(Fuji)

France, 1991 (GoldenDelicious)

0.014+ oil0.014+ oil0.027 + oil0.054+ oilNo.101421

0.000710

1421

0.000710

1421

0.0015-200.0019280.003120-0.003728

114-95-0001R114-95-0003R114-95-0002R066-91-0017R

066-91-0017R

abamectin

Country, year

Application

PHI,daysNo.20714182620

714182620

71418262

07141826028028028028028028028028210714212821071421282107142128

Residues, mg/kg1B1a + 8,9-Z-B1a

0.008 0.011 0.013 0.007NQ 0.004 0.003 0.008NQ 0.004 0.003 NQ0.002 0.003 0.004 NQNQ NQ ND ND

0.025 0.018 0.018 0.0130.007 0.011 0.008

0.009 0.004 0.005 0.0090.006 NQ 0.012 0.0080.006 0.002 0.004 0.0030.020 0.027 0.038 0.0210.005 0.012 0.003 0.0080.004 0.009 NQ 0.0050.003 0.008 ND 0.0050.002 0.002 ND 0.0020.029 0.043 0.033 0.037ND 0.023 0.021 0.0240.008 0.015 0.011 0.0140.008 0.016 0.025 0.0200.007 0.005 0.005 0.0070.006 0.010ND NDNQ NQND ND0.005 0.007ND ND0.030 0.0290.003 0.0050.002 NQND ND0.003 0.002ND ND0.004 NQND ND0.010 0.014ND NQND ND0.017 0.013NQ NDNQ NDND NQND NDND ND0.016 0.016ND NDND NDNQ NQND NDND ND0.012 0.003NQ NDND NQNQ NQND ND

B1b + 8,9-Z-B1bND ND NQ NDND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)

0.003 NQ NQ NQND (3)ND (4)

ND ND NQ NDND (4)

NQ 0.003 0.0040.002

ND NQ ND NDND (4)ND (4)ND (4)

0.003 0.005 0.0040.004

ND 0.002 0.0020.002

ND NQ ND NQND NQ 0.002 0.002ND (4)NQ NQND NDND NDND NDND NDND ND0.004 0.004ND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDNQ NQND NDND NDNQ NQND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDNQ 0.002ND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDNQ NDND NDND NDND NDND ND

Ref

(variety)kg ai/hakg ai/hlFrance, 1991 (Jonagold)0.0270.002066-91-0016R

France, 1991 (Jonagold)0.027

+ oil

0.002

066-91-0016R

France, 1991 (Jonagold)0.0540.004

066-91-0016R

France, 1991 (Jonagold)0.054

+ oil

0.004

066-91-0016R

France, 1993 (GoldenDelicious)

France, 1993 (Idared106)

0.014+ oil0.0140.014+ oil0.0270.014+ adj0.0140.014+ adj0.027+ adj0.014+ oil

0.00120.00120.00120.00250.0008-0.00090.0008-0.00090.0008-0.00090.0015-0.00180.0014

2222222212066-93-0016R066-93-0016R066-93-0016R066-93-0016R066-93-0017R066-93-0017R066-93-0017R066-93-0017R066-93-0015R

France, 1993 (Idared106)

0.0140.0014

12066-93-0015R

France, 1993 (Idared106)0.014+ oil

0.0014

12066-93-0015R

Country, year(variety)France, 1993 (RedChief)

Applicationkg ai/hakg ai/hl0.0140.0014+ adj2/

abamectin

PHI,daysNo.12120

714212812120

714212512120

714212520

2620

714212820

7142128

0280714212807142128

Residues, mg/kg1B1a + 8,9-Z-B1aND ND0.003 0.009NQ NDND NDND NDND NDND ND0.009 0.013ND NDND NDND NDND NDND ND0.003 0.0140.004 NQND NQND NDND NDND ND0.005 0.008ND NDND NDND NDND NDND NQ0.014 0.0110.002 0.003NQ NQNQ NQND ND0.003 0.002ND ND0.007 0.008ND NQ

0.019 0.014 0.013 0.017ND (3)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)

0.026 0.022 0.022 0.0200.008 0.006 0.005 0.0090.007 0.007 0.003 0.0070.007 0.006 0.004 0.0060.005 0.004 0.004 0.0040.030 0.023 0.021 0.0140.008 0.007 0.007 0.0050.022 0.018 0.009 0.0040.003 0.002 0.002 ND0.003 NQ ND NQNQ ND NDNQ ND ND ND

0.026 0.031 0.031 0.0270.009 0.018 0.013 0.0140.013 0.010 0.007 0.0130.013 0.008 0.0090.010 0.006 0.006

B1b + 8,9-Z-B1bND NDND NQND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDNQ NQND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND 0.002ND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NQND NDND NDND NDND NDND ND0.002 0.002ND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDNQ NQND NDNQ (4)ND (3)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)

0.003 0.002 0.0030.002ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)

0.003 0.002 0.002NQND (4)

0.002 NQ ND NDND (4)ND (4)ND (3)ND (4)

0.002 0.003 0.0030.002

ND NQ NQ NQNQ NQ ND NQNQ ND NQNQ ND ND

Ref

066-93-0014R

France, 1993 (RedChief)

0.0140.014

066-93-0014R

France, 1993 (RedChief)0.014+ adj

0.014

066-93-0014R

France, 1994 (GoldenDelicious)

0.0140.0014

066-94-0003R

France, 1994 (GoldenDelicious)0.014+ oil

0.0014

066-94-0003R

France, 1994 (GoldenDelicious)

Germany, 1991 (GoldenDelicious SmootheeM9)

0.0140.014+ oil0.027

0.00140.00140.0027

066-94-0004R066-94-0004R072-91-0005R

Germany, 1991 (Golden0.027Delicious Smoothee+ oilM9)

0.0027

072-91-0005R

Germany, 1991 (Golden0.027Delicious)+ oil

0.027

Germany, 1991 (GoldenDelicious)

Germany, 1991 (Golden0.027Delicious)+ oil

0.00192

-0.00220.00202-0.0025

072-91-0004R072-91-0006R

0.00202-0.0025072-91-0006R

abamectin

Country, year(variety)Italy, 1993 (GoldenDelicious)

Applicationkg ai/hakg ai/hl0.0140.014+ adj

PHI,daysNo.12120

714212812120

714212820

2820

28202820

2820

2812120

714222812120

7142128

B1a + 8,9-Z-B1aND ND0.006 0.005NQ NDND NDND NDND NDND ND0.002 NQND NDND NDND NDND NDND ND0.005 0.007ND NDND NDND NDND ND0.005 0.002ND ND0.003 0.003ND ND0.003 0.003ND ND0.006 0.007ND ND0.005 0.004ND ND0.003 0.003ND ND0.004 0.003ND ND0.015 0.008ND NDND ND0.003 0.006ND NDND NDND NDND NDND ND0.004 NQND NDND NDND NDND NDND ND0.004 0.005ND NDND NDND NDND NDND ND0.011 0.014ND NDND NDND NDND ND

Residues, mg/kg1B1b + 8,9-Z-B1bND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NQND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDNQ 0.002ND NDND NDND NDND ND

Ref

067-93-0005R

Italy, 1993 (GoldenDelicious)

0.0140.014

067-93-0005R

Italy, 1993 (GoldenDelicious)0.014+ adj

0.014

067-93-0005R

Italy, 1993 (Red Chief)0.014

+ adj

Italy, 1993 (Red Chief)0.014Italy, 1993 (Red Chief)0.014+ adj

Italy, 1993 (Red Chief)0.027Italy, 1993 (Red Chief)0.014

+ oil

Italy, 1993 (Red Chief)0.014Italy, 1993 (Red Chief)0.014

+ oil

Italy, 1993 (Red Chief)0.027

+ oil

Italy, 1993 (Staymann0.014Red)+ oil

0.00100.00100.00100.00220.00100.00100.00100.00200.001067-93-0007R

067-93-0007R067-93-0007R067-93-0007R067-93-0006R067-93-0006R067-93-0006R067-93-0006R067-93-0004R

Italy, 1993 (StaymannRed)

0.0140.001

067-93-0004R

Italy, 1993 (StaymannRed)0.014+ oil

0.001

067-93-0004R

Italy, 1994(Starkcrimson)

0.0140.0014067-94-0005R

Country, year(variety)Italy, 1994(Starkcrimson)

Applicationkg ai/hakg ai/hl0.0140.0014+oil

abamectin

PHI,days

Residues, mg/kg1B1a + 8,9-Z-B1aNQ ND0.015 0.019NQ NDND NDND ND0.014 0.0180.012 0.0050.003 0.0040.002 ND0.003 NDNQ 0.0020.018 0.0190.006 0.0060.007 0.0030.003 ND c 0.0050.003 0.004NQ 0.003

0.011 0.012 0.019 0.0130.004 NQ NQ NQ

0.013 0.014 0.014 0.012ND NQ ND ND0.005 0.010 0.004ND 0.003 0.006ND ND NDND ND NDND ND ND

0.009 0.016 0.014 0.0110.002 0.005 NQ 0.003NQ 0.004 0.003 0.003ND NQ 0.003 NQNQ 0.004 0.003 NQ0.005 0.005ND ND0.005 0.007ND ND0.003 0.004ND ND0.018 0.012ND NDNQ NQND ND0.005 0.011ND ND0.009 NDND ND0.017 0.014ND NQND ND0.006 0.007ND NDND NDND NDND NDND 0.0030.007 0.009NQ NQND NQNQ NQNQ ND

B1b + 8,9-Z-B1bND ND0.003 0.003ND NDND NDND NDND NQND NDND NDND NDND NDND ND0.002 0.002ND NDND ND

ND ND c NDND NDND ND

NQ ND NQ NQND (4)

NQ NQ 0.002 NQND (4)ND ND NDND ND NDND ND NDND ND NDND ND NDND NQ NQ NQND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDNQ NQND NDND NDND NDND NQND NDNQ NDND ND0.002 NQND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NQND NDND NDND NDND ND

Ref

New Zealand, 1994(Braeburn)0.027+oil

New Zealand, 1994(Gala)0.027+oil?

Spain, 1991 (GoldenDelicious)

Spain, 1991 (RedDelicious, Red Chief)Spain, 1991 (RedDelicious, Red Chief)

0.0270.0270.027

Spain, 1991 (RedDelicious, Red Chief)0.027+ oil

Spain, 1993 (GoldenDelicious)

Spain, 1993 (Well Spur)

0.014+ oil0.0140.014+ oil0.027+ oil0.014+ adj20.0140.014+ adj0.027+ adj0.014

Spain, 1993 (Well Spur)0.014

+ adj

No.12120

72128

0.001420

714212835

0.001420

714212835

0.002120

0.002220

0.002220-0.00267

142128

0.002220-0.00267

142128

0.00112028

0.001120

0.002320

0.001220

0.00122028

0.002520

0.0014121

7142128

0.0014121

7142128

067-94-0005R

115-94-0005R

115-94-0004R

065-91-0008R065-91-0007R065-91-0009R

065-91-0009R

065-93-0006R065-93-0006R065-93-0006R065-93-0006R065-93-0007R065-93-0007R065-93-0007R065-93-0007R065-93-0005R

065-93-0005R

abamectin

Country, year

Application

PHI,daysNo.12120

714212820

3020

02807142128071421280714212807142128028028028037142845

Residues, mg/kg1B1a + 8,9-Z-B1aND NQ0.003 0.004ND NQNQ NDND NQND ND0.004 0.004ND ND0.004 0.005ND ND

0.026 0.019 0.027 0.0200.005 0.005 0.010 0.0070.044 0.013 0.039 0.0280.016 0.008 0.010 0.0100.026 0.034 0.018 0.021NQ 0.002 NQ NQND ND ND NQNQ ND ND NDND (4)

0.035 0.033 0.044 0.0430.009 0.010 0.011 0.0090.006 0.007 0.008 0.0070.006 0.004 0.009 0.0060.005 0.005 0.006 0.0050.056 0.061 0.069 0.0510.006 0.007 0.012 0.0180.007 0.004 0.005 0.0080.003 0.003 0.004 0.0050.004 0.002 0.003 0.0030.068 0.069 0.072 0.0670.030 0.025 0.032 0.0290.013 0.016 0.021 0.0290.013 0.020 0.019 0.0150.012 0.012 0.008 0.0150.019 0.0200.010 0.0080.009 0.010ND ND0.047 0.045ND NQ0.011 0.042 0.026 0.0910.010 0.010 0.008 0.0060.009 0.010 0.010 0.0060.005 0.005 0.010 0.0050.004 0.006 0.003 0.0030.004 0.006 0.006 0.005

B1b + 8,9-Z-B1bND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND ND

0.003 0.002 0.0030.002ND (4)

0.006 NQ 0.0040.003

NQ ND ND ND0.002 0.003 NQ NQND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)

0.003 0.003 0.0040.004

ND NQ NQ NDND (4)ND (4)ND (4)

0.006 0.007 0.0080.007

ND ND NQ NQND (4)ND (4)ND (4)

0.007 0.008 0.0080.008

0.003 0.002 0.0030.003

NQ NQ NQ 0.003NQ (4)

ND ND ND NQ0.003 0.003NQ ND

Ref

(variety)kg ai/hakg ai/hlSpain, 1993 (Well Spur)0.0140.0014+ adj

065-93-0005R

Spain, 1994 (GoldenDelicious)

UK, 1991 (Cox’sOrange Pippin)UK, 1991 (Cox’sOrange Pippin)UK, 1991 (Cox’sOrange Pippin)

0.0140.014+ oil0.027+ oil0.054+ oil0.027

0.0140.0140.0020

065-94-0009R065-94-0009R074-91-0003R074-91-0003R074-91-0004R

0.00382-0.00410.00132-0.0016

UK, 1991 (Cox’sOrange Pippin)0.027+ oil0.00132-0.0016074-91-0004R

UK, 1991 (Cox’sOrange Pippin)

0.054?2074-91-0004R

UK, 1991 (Cox’sOrange Pippin)0.054+ oil0.00252-0.0031074-91-0004R

USA (CA), 1991(Golden Delicious)USA (CA), 1991(Granny Smith)USA (GA), 1992 (RedDelicious)USA (MI), 1990(Golden Delicious)

0.027+oil0.027+oil0.027+oil0.028+oil

0.00382

0.001020.00722

0.00102

001-91-6016R618-936-AP

ND NQ001-91-ND ND6024R

618-936-AP

0.006 0.005001-92-ND ND0027R

618-936-AP

ND 0.005 0.004 ND001-90-NQ (4)5018RNQ NQ NQ ND618-936-ND ND NQ NQAPND ND NQ NDND (4)

Country, year(variety)USA (MI), 1990(Golden Delicious)

Applicationkg ai/hakg ai/hl0.0560.0020+oil

abamectin

PHI,daysNo.20371428452

17142802803714280371428071428028028028028071428028

Residues, mg/kg1B1a + 8,9-Z-B1a

0.049 0.031 0.040 0.0330.020 0.011 0.018 0.0120.011 0.009 0.021 0.0160.013 0.006 0.008 0.0060.005 0.009 0.004 0.0040.004 0.004 0.004 0.0040.008 0.0080.002 0.003NQ NQNQ 0.0020.031 0.0270.003 NQ0.011 0.012 0.030 0.018NQ 0.004 0.011 0.0120.002 0.003 0.004 0.0050.002 NQ 0.003 0.002ND NQ 0.003 NQ0.033 0.028 0.028 0.0350.062 0.011 0.016 0.0090.015 0.007 0.003 0.0080.003 0.002 0.003 0.0040.002 NQ 0.003 0.0030.040 0.0370.008 0.0080.011 0.0110.007 0.0070.020 0.020NQ 0.0040.022 0.0170.003 ND0.009 0.016ND ND0.012 0.010ND NQ0.021 0.0270.008 0.0050.007 0.0040.002 0.0030.018 0.019NQ NDB1b + 8,9-Z-B1b0.008 0.006 0.0060.007

0.003 NQ 0.003 NQNQ NQ 0.003 NQNQ ND ND NDND (4)ND (4)ND NDND NDND NDND ND0.003 0.003ND ND

0.002 0.002 0.0040.003

ND ND NQ NQND (4)ND (4)ND (4)

0.004 0.004 0.0040.005

0.009 NQ NQ NQ0.003 NQ ND NQND (4)ND (4)0.004 0.004ND NQNQ NQND ND0.002 0.003ND ND0.003 NQND NDND NQND NDNQ NQND NDNQ 0.003ND NDND NDND ND0.002 NQND ND

Ref

001-90-5018R618-936-AP

USA (MI), 1991(Jonathan)

USA (NC), 1992 (RedDelicious)USA (NY), 1990(Twenty Ounce)

0.027+oil0.026+oil0.028+oil

0.0036

0.00712

0.00072

001-91-1024R618-936-AP001-92-0026R618-936-AP001-90-5016R618-936-AP001-90-5016R618-936-AP001-91-3000R618-936-AP001-92-3020R618-936-AP001-92-6012R618-936-AP001-92-1014R618-936-AP001-91-1021R618-936-AP001-91-1023R618-936-AP001-92-1018R618-936-AP

USA (NY), 1990(Twenty Ounce)0.056+oil

0.00152

USA (NY), 1991 (RedDelicious)0.027+oil

0.00382

USA (NY), 1992 (Rome0.027Beauty)+oilUSA (OR), 1992(Golden Delicious)USA (OR), 1992 (RedDelicious)

0.027+oil0.027+oil

0.00722

0.00082

0.00812

USA (WA), 1991 (Red0.027Delicious)+oilUSA (WA), 1991 (Red0.026Delicious)+oilUSA (WA), 1992 (Red0.027Delicious)+oil

0.00112

0.00372

0.00722

1 NQ: not quantified; detected but <0.002 mg/kg. ND: not detected, <0.001 mg/kg.

2 adj: adjuvant - silicone polyether copolymer surfactant.

abamectin17

Table 4. Abamectin residues in Bartlett pears resulting from foliar applications in supervised trials inCalifornia, USA, 1992.

Application

kg ai/hakg ai/hlNo.0.0270.0270.027 0.027

2222

PHI,days021021021021

Residues, mg/kg1B1a + 8,9-Z-B1aB1b + 8,9-Z-B1b0.0200.004

0.014 (0.015 0.012)0.006 (0.005 0.006)0.023 (0.030 0.016)0.007 (0.006 0.009)0.021 (0.021 0.020)0.009 (0.011 0.008)

0.002ND

<0.002 (NQ NQ)<0.001 (ND ND)0.002 (0.003 NQ)<0.002 (ND NQ)0.002 (0.002 0.002)<0.002 (NQ NQ)

Ref

001-92-6016R001-92-6017R001-92-6018R001-92-6019R

FormEC+ oilEC+ oilEC+ oilEC+ oil

1 NQ: not quantified; detected but <0.002 mg/kg. ND: not detected, <0.001 mg/kg.

Table 5. Abamectin residues in cucurbits resulting from foliar applications in supervised trials inBrazil, France, Mexico and Spain. Double-underlined residues are from treatments according toGAP and are valid for estimating maximum residue levels and STMRs.

Country, year(variety)

CUCUMBERMexico, 1990Mexico, 1990(Poinset 76 &1810)

Mexico, 1990(Jet Set)Mexico, 1990(Jet Set)Mexico, 1990(Dasher II)Mexico, 1990(Dasher II)

ApplicationPHI,Residues, mg/kg1Refkg ai/hakg ai/hlNo.daysB1a + 8,9-Z-B1aB1b + 8,9-Z-B1b0.0230.0450.0230.0450.0230.0450.009-0.0170.018-0.0340.009-0.0170.018-0.0340.005-0.0170.010-0.034

101099990

37037037037037037037037037037

0.014 0.007 0.012 0.007NQ 0.009 0.007 0.0110.007 0.006 0.006 0.0060.015 0.015 0.026 0.0130.009 0.009 0.008 0.0180.016 0.009 0.006 0.0060.024 0.013 0.015 0.0120.014 0.014 0.009 0.0110.007 0.006 0.005 NQ0.010 0.026 0.010 0.0100.013 0.024 0.026 0.0140.006 0.006 0.006 NQND (4)ND (4)ND (4)

NQ NQ ND NQND (4)ND (4)

0.005 0.009 0.006 0.011ND NQ ND NDND (4)

0.038 0.023 0.013 0.009NQ 0.007 NQ NQND ND ND NQ

0.006 0.008 0.006 NQNQ ND 0.008 NQND (4)

0.012 0.025 0.007 0.015ND 0.020 NQ NQND (4)

ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND NQ (3)ND (4)ND (4)

NQ NQ ND NDND (4)ND (4)

ND NQ ND NDND NQ NQ NDND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)

NQ ND ND NDND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)

002-90-0011R002-90-0011R002-90-0012R002-90-0012R002-90-0016R002-90-0016R

FormECECECECECECPICKLING CUCUMBERMexico, 1989EC0.023(Carolina)Mexico, 1989(Carolina)Mexico, 1990(Carolina)Mexico, 1990(Carolina)

ECECEC

0.0450.0230.045

0.009-0.0170.018-0.0340.009-0.0170.019-0.034

7788

002-90-0013R002-90-0013R002-90-0014R002-90-0014R

Country, year(variety)

Mexico, 1990(Carolina)

abamectin

ApplicationPHI,

Formkg ai/hakg ai/hlNo.daysControl plot0

Mexico, 1990EC0.0230.003-60(Flury)0.0073

Mexico, 1990EC0.0450.006-60(Flury)0.0143

MELON, CANTALOUPEBrazil, 1993EC0.0140.001840(Amarelo3CAC)7Brazil, 1993EC0.0290.003640(Amarelo3CAC)7Brazil, 1994EC0.0140.001840(Bonus II)3

Brazil, 199EC0.0290.003640(Bonus II)3

Brazil, 1994EC0.0140.001840(Amarelo3CAC)7Brazil, 1994EC0.0290.003640(Amarelo3CAC)7France, 1991EC0.0230.002840(Pancha)3

France, 1991EC0.0450.005640(Pancha)3

France, 1991EC0.0230.003240(Pancha)3

France, 1991EC0.0450.006440(Pancha)3

France, 1991EC0.0230.003040(Panchito)3

France, 1991EC0.0450.006040(Panchito)3

Mexico, 1990EC0.0230.010-120(Durango)0.0263

Mexico, 1990EC0.0450.021-120(Durango)0.0523

Mexico, 1990EC0.0230.009-140(Durango)0.0523

Mexico, 1990EC0.0450.019-140(Durango)0.113

Mexico, 1990EC0.0230.005-70(Easy Rider)0.0163

Residues, mg/kg1B1a + 8,9-Z-B1aB1b + 8,9-Z-B1b0.011 NQ 0.005 NQND (4)0.22 0.036 0.066 ND0.017 NQ NQ NDND (4)ND (4)NQ (4)ND (4)ND ND ND NQND (4)ND (4)ND (4)

ND (4)0.008 0.008 0.007 0.008

ND (4)NQ 0.008 0.008 NQ

ND (4)ND (4)

pu ND ND

pu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND ND

NQ ND NQ NQND (4)ND (4)0.008 0.010 0.008 0.013NQ NQ ND NQND NQ ND NDNQ NQ 0.009 0.008NQ ND ND NDND (4)NQ 0.013 NQ 0.013NQ (4)ND (4)

NQ 0.020 NQ 0.014NQ NQ ND NDND (4)0.013 0.010 0.012 0.007NQ (4)ND (4)

0.012 0.007 0.006 0.010NQ (4)ND (4)

0.046 0.024 0.027 0.041NQ NQ 0.007 0.006NQ (4)

0.012 0.012 0.015 0.018ND NQ NQ NQNQ ND ND ND

0.034 0.026 0.023 0.0400.010 NQ 0.013 0.007NQ NQ 0.005 0.005ND ND ND NQND (4)ND (4)

pu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND NDpu ND NDND (4)ND (4)ND (4)

ND ND ND NQND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)

ND NQ ND NDND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)

0.005 NQ NQ NQND ND NQ NDND (4)

ND ND ND NQND (4)ND (4)NQ (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)

Ref002-90-0014R002-90-0015R002-90-0015R

015-93-0034R015-93-0034R015-93-0035R015-93-0035R015-93-0036R015-93-0036R066-91-0003R066-91-0003R066-91-0004R066-91-0004R066-91-0005R066-91-0005R002-90-0035R002-90-0035R002-90-0036R002-90-0036R002-90-0037R

abamectin

Country, year(variety)

Mexico, 1990(Easy Rider)

ApplicationPHI,

Formkg ai/hakg ai/hlNo.daysEC0.0450.011-70

0.0323

Spain, 1991EC0.0220.002240(Rochet-Solo)gl3

Spain, 1991EC0.0430.004340(Rochet-Solo)gl

Spain, 1991EC0.0220.002240(Rochet-Solo)gl3

Spain, 1991EC0.0430.004340(Rochet-Solo)gl

MELON , HONEY DEWMexico, 1990EC0.0230.009-140(Hy-mark)0.0493

Mexico, 1990EC0.0450.018-140(Hy-mark)0.0983

Mexico, 1990control plot0(Hy-mark)3

Mexico, 1990EC0.0230.003-90(Green Flesh)0.0073

Mexico, 1990EC0.0450.006-90(Green Flesh)0.0143

Mexico, 1990EC0.0230.01180(Honey Dew)3

Mexico, 1990EC0.0450.02380(Honey Dew)3

Mexico, 1990EC0.0230.004-70(Green Flesh)0.0063

Mexico, 1990EC0.0450.007-70(Green Flesh)0.0123

Ref002-90-0037R065-91-0003R065-91-0003R065-91-0004R065-91-0004R

Residues, mg/kg1B1a + 8,9-Z-B1aB1b + 8,9-Z-B1bNQ NQ ND NQND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)0.005 (NQ ND NQ 0.007)ND (ND (4))ND (ND (4))ND (ND (4))ND (ND (4))ND (ND (4))

ND (ND (4))0.008

(0.011 0.008 0.007 0.006)NQ (NQ NQ ND NQ)ND (ND (4))ND (ND (4))ND (ND (4))NQ (NQ ND NQ NQ)ND (ND (4))ND (ND (4))ND (ND (4))ND (ND (4))ND (ND (4))

ND (ND (4))0.008

(NQ 0.010 0.011 0.006)NQ (NQ (4))ND (ND (4))NQ (NQ ND NQ ND)ND (ND (4))0.009 0.008 0.006 0.006NQ 0.005 NQ NQNQ (4)

0.011 0.014 0.012 0.013NQ NQ 0.009 0.0070.011 0.013 NQ 0.011ND 0.011 ND NDND (4)ND (4)

0.007 NQ NQ NQNQ (4)

NQ NQ ND ND

0.009 0.010 0.007 0.0080.007 NQ NQ NDNQ NQ NQ NDND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)

0.006 NQ NQ NQND ND NQ NDND (4)

0.008 NQ NQ 0.007NQ NQ ND NDND (4)

ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)ND (4)

002-90-0038R002-90-0038R002-90-0038R002-90-0039R002-90-0039R002-90-0040R002-90-0040R002-90-0042R002-90-0042R

NQ: not quantified; detected but <0.005 mg/kg. ND: not detected, <0.002 mg/kg.2

pu: residues in edible pulp3

gl: glasshouse trial.

20abamectin

Table 6. Abamectin residues in cucurbits resulting from foliar applications in supervised trials in theUSA. Double-underlined residues are from treatments according to GAP and are valid for estimatingmaximum residue levels and STMRs.

CUCURBITS,Country, year(variety)WATERMELONTX, 1992 (RoyalSweet)

CA,1991 (Calsweet)CANTALOUPETX, 1992 (Caravelle)AZ, 1992 (Top Mark)CA, 1992 (Top Mark)FL, 1992 (PlantersJumbo)

GA, 1992 (PlantersJumbo)

SC, 1992 (Edisto)MI, 1992 (Super-star)PA, 1992 (Ball 1776)CA, 1992 (Top Mark)

ECECECECECECECECEC

0.0210.0210.0210.0210.0210.0210.0210.0220.022

0.0230.0110.0230.0110.0110.0100.0100.0110.011

444444445

070707070707070707037037037037

NQ 0.005ND ND0.010 0.006ND ND0.008 NQND ND0.008 0.005ND ND0.012 0.015ND NDNQ NQND ND0.011 0.013ND NDNQ NQND ND0.006 0.006ND ND0.007 0.007ND NDND ND0.005, NQND NDND NDNQ NQND NDND ND0.012 0.0110.009 NQND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NQND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND ND

001-91-1026R618-936-93127001-91-1027R618-936-93127001-91-6011R618-936-93127001-92-0019R618-936-93127001-92-0020R618-936-93127001-92-0021R618-936-93127001-92-1001R618-936-93127001-92-3014R618-936-93127001-92-6013R618-936-93127001-92-0029R618-936-93127001-92-1020R618-936-93127001-92-3019R618-936-93127001-92-6014R618-936-93127

ECEC

0.0210.021

0.0110.011

0707

ND NDND NDNQ NQND NDND NDND NDND NDND ND

001-91-1025R618-936-93127001-91-6010R618-936-93127

Application

Form

kgai/ha

kg ai/hlNo.

PHI,days

Residues, mg/kg1B1a +8,9-Z-B1a

B1b +8,9-Z-B1b

Ref

SUMMER SQUASH, ZUCCHINIFL, 1992 (Dixie HybridECVGB 960)TX, 1992 (Onyx)EC0.021

0.011

0.0210.0154NY, 1992 (YellowCrookneck)

EC0.0210.0114

CA, 1992 (Crookneck)EC0.0250.0114

CUCUMBERSC, 1992 (Ashley)EC0.0210.0104037

0.015 0.012ND NDND NDND NDND NDND ND

001-92-0030R618-936-93127

abamectin

CUCURBITS,Country, year(variety)

MI, 1992 (CalypsoHybrid)

Application

FormEC

kgai/ha0.022

kg ai/hlNo.0.012

037037037PHI,days

Residues, mg/kg1B1a +8,9-Z-B1aNQ NDND NDND NDNQ NQND NDND ND0.013 0.010NQ NQNQ NDB1b +8,9-Z-B1bND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND ND

Ref

001-92-1019R618-936-93127001-92-3018R618-936-93127001-92-6015R618-936-93127

PA, 1992 (Market-moreEC76)

CA, 1992 (Dasher II)

0.0220.0124

0.0210.0114

NQ: not quantified; detected but <0.005 mg/kg.ND: not detected, <0.002 mg/kg.

Table 7. Abamectin residues in tomatoes resulting from foliar applications in supervised trials in TheNetherlands, 1993. Double-underlined residues are from treatments according to GAP and are validfor estimating maximum residue levels and STMRs. All glasshouse trials.

VarietyCesarFormEC

Application

kg ai/hakg ai/hlNo.0.0230.00114

PHI,days037037037037037037037037

Residues, mg/kg1B1a + 8,9-Z-B1aB1b + 8,9-Z-B1b0.019 0.024ND NQ0.010 0.017ND ND0.007 0.012ND ND0.018 0.017ND ND0.011 0.012ND ND0.008 0.010ND ND0.015 0.015ND ND0.007 0.011ND ND0.009 0.012ND NDNQ 0.011ND NDNQ 0.007ND NDNQ 0.006ND ND0.022 0.011ND ND0.022 0.025NQ NQ0.013 0.020ND NQ0.005 0.009ND NDNQ 0.009ND NDNQ 0.007ND ND0.012 0.017ND ND0.010 0.016ND ND0.011 0.048ND NQNQ 0.006ND NDNQ 0.006ND ND

ND NDNQ 0.007Ref

070-93-0005R

ProntoEC0.0230.00114070-93-0006R

ProntoEC0.0230.00114070-93-0003R

ProntoEC0.0230.00114070-93-0002R

ProntoEC0.0450.00234070-93-0002R

ProntoEC0.0230.00114070-93-0001R

ProntoEC0.0450.00234070-93-0001R

TrustEC0.0230.00114070-93-0004R

NQ: not quantified; detected but <0.005 mg/kg.

ND: not detected, <0.002 mg/kg.

22abamectin

Table 8. Abamectin residues in lettuce resulting from foliar applications in supervised trials inFrance, The Netherlands and Spain. Double-underlined residues are from treatments according toGAP and are valid for estimating maximum residue levels and STMRs.

Country, year

(variety)FormHEAD LETTUCEFrance, 1992EC(Balisto)France, 1992(Balisto)France, 1992(Divina)France, 1992(Divina)France, 1992(Scarole Maral)France, 1992(Scarole Maral)Netherlands,1993 (Kirsten)Netherlands,1993 (Kirsten)Netherlands,1993 (Kirsten)Netherlands,1993 (Kirsten)Netherlands,1994 (Rex)Netherlands,1994 (Vivaldi)Spain, 1992(Trocadero)Spain, 1992(Trocadero)Spain, 1992(Trocadero)Spain, 1992(Trocadero)

Applicationkg ai/hakg ai/hl0.01130.0020

-0.00280.025

0.0039-0.0056

No.4

0613061307140714071407140714071407140714071407140714071407140714PHI,days

B1a + 8,9-Z-B1a

0.22 0.27 0.15 0.14ND (4)ND (4)0.23 0.36 0.34 0.36NQ NQ 0.002 NQND (4)0.18 0.20 0.26 0.280.003 0.002 0.004 0.003NQ NQ NQ 0.0020.28 0.30 0.36 0.450.004 0.004 0.007 0.005NQ NQ NQ 0.0050.086 0.18 0.15 0.160.010 0.012 0 010 0.0210.002 0.003 0.005 0.0050.23 0.30 0.31 0.290.029 0.041 0.028 0.0250.010 0.011 0.009 0.0130.26 0.26 (Oct) 20.016 0.0200.017 0.0200.23 0.25 (Oct)0.13 0.0910.096 0.0840.25 0.28 (Oct)0.071 0.0740.026 0.0270.53 0.51 (Oct)0.10 0.150.059 0.0970.32 0.37 (Mar)0.052 0.0690.020 0.0260.33 0.25 (Mar)0.038 0.0270.012 0.0140.96 0.87 0.94 0.790.051 0.076 0.067 0.0540.024 0.020 0.026 0.0251.5 1.7 1.6 1.50.15 0.25 0.20 0.140.067 0.091 0.072 0.0801.6 1.7 1.9 1.10.14 0.10 0.17 0.180.037 0.033 0.027 0.0270.86 1.9 1.8 1.10.12 0.15 0.093 0.140.023 0.022 0.031 0.020

Residues, mg/kg1B1b + 8,9-Z-B1b

0.025 0.030 0.017 0.017ND (4)ND (4)

0.026 0.041 0.037 0.042ND (4)ND (4)

0.020 0.022 0.028 0.029ND (4)ND (4)

0.029 0.032 0.037 0.046ND (4)ND (4)

0.007 0.019 0.015 0.016ND NQ ND NQND (4)

0.024 0.032 0.032 0.0300.003 0.004 0.003 NQND (4)0.017 0.019NQ NQ0.004 0.0050.020 0.0220.006 0.0040.009 0.0060.024 0.0280.006 0.0070.002 0.0020.051 0.0430.008 0.0110.005 0.0090.025 0.00320.004 0.0060.002 0.0030.025 0.0210.004 0.003NQ NQ

0.10 0.091 0.095 0.0830.006 0.009 0.009 0.0070.003 NQ 0.002 0.0020.15 0.18 0.16 0.160.016 0.025 0.020 0.0150.005 0.008 0.006 0.0090.17 0.18 0.20 0.120.014 0.011 0.016 0.0180.003 0.004 0.003 0.0020.089 0.19 0.18 0.110.010 0.015 0.009 0.0140.002 NQ 0.002 NQ

066-92-0001R066-92-0001R066-92-0003R066-92-0003R

Ref

ECEC

0.01130.0019

-0.00230.02250.0038

-0.00450.01130.0019

EC4

066-92-0002R066-92-0002R070-93-0007R070-93-0007R070-93-0008R

EC0.02250.00384

EC0.0140.0014

4gl4gl4gl4gl4gl4gl4

ECEC0.0270.0140.00270.0014EC0.0270.0027

070-93-0008R070-94-0002R070-94-0001R065-92-0001R065-92-0001R065-92-0002R

EC0.0140.0014

EC0.022

0.0022-0.00440.0043-0.00860.0022-0.00440.0043-0.0086

EC0.0434EC0.0224

EC0.0434

065-92-0002R

abamectin

Country, year

(variety)FormLEAF LETTUCESpain, 1992EC(Summer Blond)Spain, 1992EC(Summer Blond)Spain, 1992(Romaine,Inverna)Spain, 1992(Romaine,Inverna)

Applicationkg ai/hakg ai/hl0.022

0.0022-0.00440.0043-0.00860.0022-0.00440.0043-0.0086

No.4

0714071407140714PHI,days

B1a + 8,9-Z-B1a

0.20 0.16 0.17 0.190.007 0.008 0.009 0.004NQ ND ND NQ0.36 0.44 0.30 0.460.025 0.025 0.028 0.0240.004 0.005 0.002 0.0030.21 0.17 0.18 0.240.005 0.004 0.003 0.0040.002 NQ ND ND0.40 0.22 0.54 0.420.006 0.005 0.005 0.0050.003 0.002 NQ 0.002

Residues, mg/kg1B1b + 8,9-Z-B1b

0.021 0.018 0.018 0.021ND (4)ND (4)

0.041 0.045 0.030 0.0530.002 ND 0.002 NQND (4)

0.025 0.019 0.021 0.028ND (4)ND (4)

0.047 0.025 0.061 0.048ND (4)ND (4)

Ref

065-92-0003R065-92-0003R065-92-0004R

0.0434

0.0224

EC0.0434

065-92-0004R

1 NQ: not quantified; detected but <0.002 mg/kg ND: not detected, <0.001 mg/kg2

Because of the seasonal restriction on use specified in Netherlands GAP the month of the final application is reported.gl: glasshouse

Table 9. Abamectin residues in potatoes resulting from foliar applications in supervised trials inBrazil and the USA.

Country, year(variety)

Brazil (SP), 1994(Achat)Brazil (SP), 1994(Achat)Brazil (SP), 1994(Achat)Brazil (SP), 1994(Achat)Brazil (SP), 1994(Bintje)Brazil (SP), 1994(Bintje)USA (FL), 1992(Atlantic)USA (FL), 1992(Atlantic)USA (NY), 1992(Katahdin)USA (NY), 1992(Katahdin)USA (OR), 1992(Russet)

FormECECECECECECECECECECEC

Application

kg ai/haKg ai/hlNo.0.0180.002340.0360.0180.0360.0180.0360.1120.112+ oil0.110.11+ oil0.11

0.00450.00230.00450.00230.00450.0250.0250.0400.0400.040

4444466666

PHI,days037037037037037037037037037037037

Residues, mg/kg1B1a + 8,9-Z-B1aB1b + 8,9-Z-B1b<0.005 <0.005<0.005 <0.005<0.005 <0.005<0.005 <0.005<0.005 <0.005<0.005 <0.005<0.005 <0.005<0.005 <0.005<0.005 <0.005<0.005 <0.005<0.005 <0.005<0.005 <0.005<0.005 <0.005<0.005 <0.005<0.005 <0.005<0.005 <0.005<0.005 <0.005<0.005 <0.005ND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND ND

Ref

015-94-9050R

015-94-9052R

015-94-9051R

001-92-0038R

618-936-3671

001-92-5017R618-936-3671001-92-5017R618-936-3671001-92-5019R

Country, year(variety)

USA (OR), 1992(Russet)USA (PA), 1992(Katahdin)USA (PA), 1992(Katahdin)

USA (CA), 1993(Norkotah)

USA (CA), 1993(Red LaSoda)

USA (FL), 1993 (RedLa Soda)

USA (ID), 1993(Russet Burbank)USA (ID), 1993(Russet Burbank)USA (MD), 1993(Superior)

USA (MI), 1993(Snowden)

USA (NY), 1993(Katahdin)

USA (WA), 1993(Russet Burbank)USA (CO), 1994(Russet Nugget)USA (ND), 1994(Norchip)

USA (FL), 1993 (FL1625)

abamectin

Application

kg ai/haKg ai/hlNo.0.110.0406+ oil0.110.11+ oil0.021+ oil0.021+ oil0.021+ oil0.020+ oil0.021+ oil0.021+ oil0.021+ oil0.021+ oil0.021+ oil0.110.021+ oil0.021+ oil

0.0400.0400.00560.00590.00450.0450.0110.00760.0110.0140.00440.0300.0140.011

66666666666666

PHI,days037037037014014014014014014014014014014014014

Residues, mg/kg1B1a + 8,9-Z-B1aB1b + 8,9-Z-B1bND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND ND

ND NDND ND

ND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND NDND ND

Ref

618-936-3671

001-92-5019R618-936-3671001-92-5018R618-936-3671001-92-5018R001-93-5006R001-93-5005R618-936-3671001-93-0002R001-93-1004R001-93-1005R001-93-7000R001-93-1007R001-93-7001R001-93-5004R001-94-1022R001-94-1017R001-93-7002R

FormECECECECECECECECECECECECECECEC

ND: not detected, <0.002 mg/kg

Table 10. Abamectin residues in hops resulting from foliar applications in supervised trials inGermany and the USA. Double-underlined residues are from treatments according to GAP and arevalid for estimating maximum residue levels and STMRs.

Country,ApplicationyearFormkgkg ai/hl(variety)ai/haGermany, 1994EC0.0230.0022(Hallertau Mittelfruw)+0.0011

No.2PHI,

days01421282128

Germany, 1994EC(Hallertau Mittelfruw)

0.0230.0022+ adj+0.0011

01421282128

RefResidues, mg/kg 1,2B1a + 8,9-Z-B1aB1b + 8,9-Z-B1bfh 0.11 0.12fh 0.003 0.003fh ND NQfh NQ NQdh 0.004 0.005dh ND NDfh 0.24 0.31fh 0.003 0.004fh 0.002 0.003fh 0.002 NDdh 0.004 0.007dh ND NDfh 0.010 0.012fh ND NDfh ND NDfh ND NDdh ND NDdh ND NDfh 0.025 0.030fh ND NDfh ND NDfh ND NDdh ND NDdh ND ND

072-94-0008R072-94-0008Rabamectin

Country,year(variety)

Germany, 1994(HallertauerTradition)

Application

Formkgkg ai/hl

ai/ha

EC0.0220.0031

+0.0015

PHI,days01421282128

Germany, 1994(HallertauerTradition)

0.0220.0031+ adj+0.0015

01421282128

Germany, 1994(Perle)

0.0230.0031

+0.0015

01421282128

Germany, 1994(Perle)

0.0230.0031+ oil+0.0015

01421282128

Germany, 1994(Perle)

0.0230.0031

+0.0015

01421282128

Germany, 1994(Perle)

0.0230.0031+ oil+0.0015

01421282128

Germany, 1996(HallertauerFrühreifer)Germany, 1996(Hersbrucker)

0.0230.0011

02929

0.0230.0011

03030

Germany, 1996(Northern Brewer)

0.0230.0009

02828

Residues, mg/kg 1,2Ref

B1a + 8,9-Z-B1aB1b + 8,9-Z-B1bfh 0.23 0.21fh 0.011 0.008fh 0.008 0.006fh 0.006 0.006dh 0.029 0.031dh 0.022 0.020fh 0.44 0.82fh 0.022 0.016fh 0.010 0.012fh 0.007 0.006dh 0.031 0.024dh 0.022 0.012fh 0.25 0.29fh 0.015 0.011fh 0.005 0.006fh 0.006 0.005dh 0.034 0.029dh 0.025 0.020fh 0.20 0.35fh 0.016 0.009fh 0.010 0.006fh 0.005 0.006dh 0.035 0.036dh 0.030 0.025fh 0.23 0.31fh 0.011 0.018fh 0.008 0.10fh 0.003 0.003dh 0.043 0.041dh 0.017 0.022fh 0.40 0.28fh 0.014 0.011fh 0.010 0.013fh 0.006 0.005dh 0.046 0.044dh 0.017 0.012ih 0.15 0.14fh ND NQdh 0.011 0.012ih 0.17 0.28fh ND NDdh ND NDih 0.12 0.10fh ND NQdh ND NQfh 0.026 0.022fh ND NDfh ND NDfh ND NDdh ND NQdh ND NDfh 0.049 0.087fh 0.002 NDfh ND NDfh ND NDdh ND NDdh ND NDfh 0.026 0.031fh ND NDfh ND NDfh ND NDdh NQ NDdh ND NDfh 0.021 0.037fh ND NDfh ND NDfh ND NDdh NQ NQdh ND NDfh 0.024 0.031fh ND NDfh ND NDfh ND NDdh NQ NQdh ND NDfh 0.036 0.027fh ND NDfh ND NDfh ND NDdh NQ NQdh ND NDih 0.010 0.009fh ND NDdh ND NDih 0.011 0.019fh ND NDdh ND NDih 0.008 0.007fh ND NDdh ND ND

072-96-0014R96092072-96-0012R96092072-96-0011R96092072-94-0006R072-94-0006R072-94-0007R072-94-0007R072-94-0005R072-94-0005R

No.2

Country,year(variety)

Germany, 1996(Perle)

Application

Formkgkg ai/hl

ai/ha

EC0.023

abamectin

PHI,

days03030

USA (ID), 1994(Galena)USA (OR), 1994(Nugget)USA (WA), 1994(Cluster)USA (WA), 1994(Galena)

ECECECEC

0.0210.00450.0220.00450.0210.00450.0210.0045

2222

028028028027

Residues, mg/kg 1,2Ref

B1a + 8,9-Z-B1aB1b + 8,9-Z-B1bih 0.23 0.22fh NQ 0.008dh 0.009 0.011dh 0.67 0.59dh 0.055 0.057dh 0.97 0.81dh 0.009 0.015dh 0.16 0.15dh 0.017 0.023dh 0.59 0.73dh 0.044 0.078ih 0.015 0.015fh ND NDdh ND ND

dh 0.072 0.064001-94-1007Rdh NQ NQ618-936-94035dh 0.096 0.081001-94-1008Rdh ND ND618-936-94035dh 0.015 0.015001-94-1006Rdh ND ND618-936-94035dh 0.059 0.073001-94-1005Rdh NQ 0.008618-936-94035

072-96-0013R

96092

No.2

NQ: not quantified; detected but <0.005 mg/kg.ND: not detected, <0.0025 mg/kg.2

ih: immature hops, fh: fresh hops, dh: dry hops.

adj: adjuvant - a non-ionic surfactant containing lecithin derived from soya bean oil.

Table 11. Interpretation Table for abamectin residues in apples from trials in Table 3. GAP and trialconditions are compared for treatments considered valid for estimating maximum residue levels andSTMRs.

kg ai/ha

Australian GAPAustralian trialAustralian trialAustralian trialNZ GAPNZ trialNZ trialUS GAPUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trial

0.0140.0140.0140.0140.0270.0270.0270.0260.0280.0270.0270.0280.0270.0270.0270.0270.0270.0260.0270.0270.0270.027

Use patternkg ai/hlNo of

appl

0.001410.000710.000710.000810.0006810.001420.001420.000720.000720.000820.001020.001020.001120.003620.003720.003820.003820.007120.007220.007220.007220.00812

Trial

PHI,

days14141414141414282828282828282828282828282828

Residues,mg/kg,abamectin0.005<0.0020.0030.0040.0070.0030.003<0.0010.006<0.0020.0020.0030.0120.0070.003<0.0020.004<0.002<0.001

114-95-0003R114-95-0002R114-95-0001R115-94-0005R115-94-0004R001-90-5016R001-92-6012R001-91-6024R001-90-5018R001-91-1021R001-91-1024R001-91-1023R001-91-6016R001-91-3000R001-92-0026R001-92-0027R001-92-3020R001-92-1018R001-92-1014R

abamectin27

Table 12. Interpretation table for abamectin residues in pears from trials in Table 4 and the 1992Evaluations. GAP and trial conditions are compared for treatments considered valid for estimatingmaximum residue levels and STMRs.

kg ai/ha

Argentinian GAPArgentinian trialFrench GAPFrench trialItalian GAPItalian trialItalian trialItalian trialItalian trialUS GAPUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trial0.0270.0270.0230.0270.0270.0270.0270.0270.0270.0260.0270.0270.0270.027Use patternkg ai/hlNo of

appl

0.001440.0006330.001440.001430.001420.001430.001430.001430.00143

22222Trial

PHI,days1414151414141414142821212121Residues,mg/kg,abamectin<0.005<0.002<0.005<0.002<0.005<0.0050.0040.0060.0090.0111992 ref 581992 ref 1961992 ref 1391992 ref 1391992 ref 1401992 ref 198001-92-6016R001-92-6017R001-92-6018R001-92-6019RTable 13. Interpretation table for abamectin residues in melons from trials in Tables 5 and 6. GAPand trial conditions are compared for treatments considered valid for estimating maximum residuelevels and STMRs.

kg ai/ha

Spanish GAPSpanish trialSpanish trialFrench trialFrench trialFrench trialUS GAPUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialgl: glasshouse

0.0220.0220.0220.0230.0230.0230.0210.0210.0210.0210.0210.0210.0210.0210.0220.022

Use patternkg ai/hlNo of

appl

0.001130.00224 gl0.00224 gl0.002840.003240.00304

0.02340.01140.02340.01140.01140.01040.01040.01140.0115

Trials

PHI,

days3333337777777777

Residues, mg/kgabamectin

065-91-0003R065-91-0004R066-91-0003R066-91-0004R066-91-0005R001-91-1026R001-91-1027R001-91-6011R001-92-0019R001-92-0020R001-92-0021R001-92-1001R001-92-3014R001-92-6013R

<0.002<0.002<0.002<0.005<0.005<0.002<0.002<0.002<0.002<0.002<0.002<0.002<0.002<0.002

28abamectin

Table 14. Interpretation table for abamectin residues in cucumbers and gherkins from trials in Table6 and the 1992 Evaluations. GAP and trial conditions are compared for treatments considered validfor estimating maximum residue levels and STMRs.

kg ai/ha

CUCUMBERUS GAPUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialGerman GAPFrench trialFrench trialSpanish GAPSpanish trialSpanish trialItalian trialItalian trialItalian trial

Netherlands GAPNetherlands trialNetherlands trialGHERKIN

Netherlands GAPNetherlands trialNetherlands trial

Use patternkg ai/hlNo ofPHI,

appldays

344445 gl4 gl4 gl35 gl5 gl54 gl45 gl4 gl5 gl5 gl5 gl5 gl

77777333333333333333

Trials

Residues, mg/kgabamectin

0.0210.0210.0220.0220.0210.0230.0230.0230.0220.0230.0230.0230.0230.0230.0230.0230.0230.0230.0230.023

0.0100.0120.0120.0110.00110.00110.00110.0040.0070.00230.00230.00230.00090.00110.00110.00090.00110.0011

001-92-0030R001-92-1019R001-92-3018R001-92-6015R1992 ref 171992 ref 171992 ref 131992 ref 131992 ref 1691992 ref 161992 ref 161992 ref 1611992 ref 161

<0.002<0.002<0.002<0.005<0.002<0.0050.0060.008<0.005<0.005<0.0020.0080.007

1992 ref 1651992 ref 165<0.002<0.002

gl: glasshouse

Table 15. Interpretation table for abamectin residues in tomatoes from trials in Table 7 and the 1992Evaluations. GAP and trial conditions are compared for treatments considered valid for estimatingmaximum residue levels and STMRs.

kg ai/ha

Argentinian GAPArgentinian trialArgentinian trialArgentinian trialBrazil GAPBrazil trialBrazil trialBrazil trialGerman GAPFrench trialFrench trialFrench trialItalian GAPItalian trialItalian trial

Netherlands GAPNetherlands trialNetherlands trialNetherlands trialNetherlands trial

0.0220.0200.0270.0280.0220.0270.0230.0280.0230.0240.0230.0200.0220.0220.0220.0230.0230.0230.0230.023

Use patternkg ai/hlNo of

appl

0.001390.000970.000950.001890.00180.0018100.0018100.00366

5 gl

0.00055 gl0.00055 gl0.000710 gl

0.0011100.0011100.00094 gl0.00114 gl0.00114 gl0.00114 gl0.00114 gl

Trials

PHI,

days3333371333333777333713

Residues, mg/kgabamectin

1992 ref 601992 ref 611992 ref 621992 ref 1251992 ref 1261992 ref 1261992 ref 1231992 ref 1271992 ref 1281992 ref 2091992 ref 210070-93-0001R070-93-0002R070-93-0004R070-93-0005R

<0.005<0.002<0.0020.017<0.005<0.005<0.005<0.002<0.002<0.002<0.0020.0090.0070.0070.017

abamectin

Use patternkg ai/hlNo of

appl

0.00114 gl0.00114 gl0.00115 gl0.00115 gl0.00110.001110 gl0.000510 gl0.0011100.001110

0.024100.0036100.012100.0047100.017100.0078100.0044100.0043100.012100.0024100.0053120.0068100.0043100.0059100.0023100.004780.0047100.02410

Trials

PHI,

days333333 (f)3 (f)337733333373775777375

Residues, mg/kgabamectin0.0120.0120.0080.005

<0.005 (<0.005)0.009 (<0.005)<0.005<0.005<0.002<0.002<0.002<0.002<0.002<0.002<0.002<0.002<0.005<0.005<0.002<0.002<0.005<0.002<0.005<0.0020.005<0.002

kg ai/ha

Netherlands trialNetherlands trialNetherlands trialNetherlands trialSpanish GAPSpanish trialSpanish trialSpanish trialSpanish trial2US GAPUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trial

0.0230.0230.0230.0230.0220.0190.0190.0270.0150.0210.0220.0220.0220.0220.0220.0220.0220.0220.0220.0220.0220.0220.0220.0220.0220.0220.0220.022

070-93-0006R070-93-0003R1992 ref 2171992 ref 2181992 ref 1301992 ref 1311992 ref 1321992 ref 1291992 ref 1241992 ref 1241992 ref 1241992 ref 1241992 ref 1241992 ref 1241992 ref 1241992 ref 1241992 ref 1241992 ref 1241992 ref 1831992 ref 1841992 ref 1851992 ref 1861992 ref 1871992 ref 1881992 ref 1911992 ref 193

gl: glasshouse1

Residue on day 7 higher than on day 32

The companion trial at 0.030 kg ai/ha resulted in residues of 0.007 mg/kg on day 3

Table 16. Interpretation table for abamectin residues in lettuce from trials in Table 8 and the 1992Evaluations. GAP and trial conditions are compared for treatments considered valid for estimatingmaximum residue levels and STMRs.

kg ai/ha

Head LettuceNetherlands GAPNetherlands trialNetherlands trialNetherlands trialNetherlands trialFrench GAPFrench trialFrench trialFrench trialSpanish GAPSpanish trialSpanish trialFrench trialFrench trialFrench trialUS GAP

0.0140.0140.0140.0140.0140.0090.01130.01130.01130.0220.0220.0220.0250.02250.02250.021

Use patternTrialskg ai/hlNo of applPHI, days0.00090.00140.00140.00140.00140.00280.00230.00190.00180.00440.00440.00560.00450.0038

44 gl4 gl4 gl4 gl44443444443

14141414147 or 146771414141314147

Residues,mg/kgabamectin

070-93-0007R070-93-0008R070-94-0002R070-94-0001R066-92-0001R066-92-0003R066-92-0002R065-92-0001R065-92-0002R066-92-0001R066-92-0003R066-92-0002R

0.0250.0290.0290.016<0.0010.0040.0230.0280.040<0.0020.0050.013

30abamectin

Use patternTrialskg ai/hlNo of applPHI, days0.00470.00470.0230.0230.00470.00470.0490.00640.00640.00590.00590.00780.00780.0240.0240.0360.0360.0710.0710.00180.00440.0044

7788888998888889966344

7777777777777777777141414

1992 ref 1541992 ref 1541992 ref 1511992 ref 1511992 ref 1551992 ref 1551992 ref 1591992 ref 1591992 ref 1591992 ref 1591992 ref 1591992 ref 1591992 ref 1591992 ref 1621992 ref 1621992 ref 1621992 ref 1621992 ref 1621992 ref 162

Residues,mg/kgabamectin0.0050.007<0.002<0.002<0.002<0.002<0.0020.0300.026<0.002<0.002<0.002<0.002<0.002<0.0020.0060.027<0.002<0.002

kg ai/ha

US trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trialLeaf lettuceSpanish GAPSpanish trialSpanish trial

0.0220.0220.0220.0220.0220.0220.0220.0220.0220.0220.0220.0220.0220.0220.0220.0220.0220.0220.0220.0220.0220.022

065-92-0003R065-92-0004R<0.0020.002

gl: glasshouse

Table 17. Interpretation table for abamectin residues in dry hops from trials in Table 10. GAP andtrial conditions are compared for treatments considered valid for estimating maximum residue levelsand STMRs.

kg ai/ha

German GAPGerman trialGerman trialGerman trialGerman trialGerman trialGerman trialGerman trialGerman trialGerman trialGerman trialGerman trialGerman trialUS GAPUS trialUS trialUS trialUS trial

0.0230.0230.0230.0220.0220.0230.0230.0230.0230.0230.0230.0230.0230.0220.0210.0220.0210.021

Use patternkg ai/hlNo of

appl

0.000920.002220.002220.003120.003120.003120.003120.003120.003120.001120.001120.00092

0.004520.004520.004520.00452

Trials

PHI,

days282828282828282828293028302828282827

Residues, mg/kgabamectin

072-94-0008R072-94-0008R072-94-0005R072-94-0005R072-94-0007R072-94-0007R072-94-0006R072-94-0006R072-96-0011R072-96-0012R072-96-0014R072-96-0013R001-94-1007R001-94-1008R001-94-1006R001-94-1005R

<0.003<0.003<0.0030.0220.0250.0300.0220.0170.012<0.003<0.0050.0110.0620.0150.0230.086

abamectin31

FATE OF RESIDUES IN STORAGE AND PROCESSING

The Meeting received information on the fate of abamectin during the processing of apples, pears,potatoes and hops.

A processing study on apples by Morneweck (1992) was reviewed by the 1992 JMPR andthe residue data are summarized in the 1992 Residue Evaluations. Processing factors are recorded inTable 18 and were calculated from the B1a rather than the B1a + B1b residues because B1b wasundetectable in the initial apples and its inclusion in the calculation would have added an extra errorto the processing factor. Avermectin B1b constitutes about 10% of the total residue and probablybehaves in the same way as B1a in processing. In cases where no residue was detectable in theprocessed commodity the processing factor is reported as 0 with a “less than” factor in parenthesescalculated from the LOD.

The results suggest that abamectin residues are on the peel only and are reasonably stable

during hot drying of the pomace. In products such as juice and apple sauce, which contain no peel,residues are not detectable.

Table 18. Processing factors for apple products (Morneweck, 1992), calculated as the residue levelsof B1a in the processed commodities divided by its level in the initial unwashed apples. B1a includesavermectin B1a and its photoisomer 8,9-Z-avermectin B1a.

Commodity

Apples, whole unwashedApples, peeled and coredApple juice, rawApple juice, clarifiedPomace, wetPomace, dryPomace, rehydratedApple sauce

0 (<0.12)0 (<0.062)0 (<0.062)4.917.314.80 (<0.12)Processing factor

Abamectin was applied twice at 0.027 kg ai/ha with an interval of 14 days to Bartlett pears

which were harvested 1-2 hours after the second application for processing (Johnson 1993). The fruitwere processed in 11-12 kg lots into canned pear halves and pear purée (Figure 1). Residue levels inthe various commodities and calculated processing factors are shown in Table 9.

The processing factors were again calculated from the B1a rather than the B1a+B1b residues

because the initial B1b levels were only slightly above the LOD. The processing factors areessentially zero because no residues were detected in any of the final processed commodities or eventheir immediate precursors. It is likely that vigorous washing and peeling would effectively remove asurface residue such as abamectin.

32abamectin

Figure 1. Processing of pears (Johnson, 1993).

Pears,unwashedwater wash,grade to remove bruiseddamaged fruit pears,washedknife peel and coreslicesteam peel 30 secscore and slicepear halves pack in cans,

fill with sucrose syrup 95oC, seal cans

97-100oC 25 min cannedpear halvesadd sugar,cook 30 min at 95oCstrainpear halves strainedpear pureeheat at 95oC 4 minseal in can cannedpear pureeTable 19. Abamectin residues in canned pears and purée produced from Bartlett pears treated twicewith abamectin (+ oil) at 0.027 kg ai/ha and harvested 1-2 hours after the second application in theUSA (Johnson, 1993). Processing factors were calculated as the residue level of B1a in the processedcommodities divided by its level of B1a in the initial unwashed pears.

Commodity

Residues, mg/kg

B1a + 8,9-Z-B1aB1b + 8,9-Z-B1bUnwashed pears0.02160.0025Pear halves (knife peeled and<0.001<0.001cored)

Canned pear halves<0.001<0.001Unwashed pears0.02080.0025Pear halves (steam peeled and<0.001<0.001cored)

Pear purée, strained<0.001<0.001Pear purée, canned<0.001<0.001Processing factor

0 (<0.046)

0 (<0.048)

0 (<0.048)Abamectin was applied at 0.11 kg ai/ha (5 times the label rate) on 6 occasions to the foliage

of potatoes in a processing trial in the USA (Colorado) (001-94-1022). Potatoes (135 kg) wereharvested 14 days after the final application and processed to peeled potatoes and potato peels(Englar, 1994b). The variety, Russet Nugget, is especially grown for processing.

The process (Figure 2) was designed to simulate commercial practice. The first stage was tub

washing for 5-10 minutes to simulate flume washing. The next stage was inspection and sorting toremove cull potatoes. The potatoes were then treated with high-pressure steam followed by a

abamectin33

scrubber to remove the skin loosened by the steam. The final stage was inspection and trimming ofdamaged or unsuitable tissue with the trimmings added to the peel. The peel was hydraulicallypressed, dried to less than 10% moisture and then hammer milled. In a commercial operation, itwould be used to feed cattle.

Kvaternick et al. (1995) reported that no abamectin residues were detected (<0.002 mg/kg

each of B1a and B1b) in the unwashed and washed potatoes and the wet potato peels. Because noresidues were detected in these commodities the dry peels and peeled potatoes were not analysed.Figure 2. Processing of potatoes (Englar, 1994b).

Potatoeswash, inspect, remove green and damaged washedpotatoessteam peel high-pressure steampotato scrubber 60 secs45-60 secswet potato peelsdrytrimmings peeledpotatoesinspecttrim dry potatopeels for feedsorted peeled potatoesEnglar (1994a) described the commercial processing of hops and its laboratory simulation.In the commercial operation freshly harvested hop cones are dried to approximately 7-10% moistureand then ground to release the bitter principles from the lupulin glands. The ground hops areextracted repeatedly with hexane and the extracted (spent) hops are pressed, dried and pelletized. Inthe laboratory simulation the dried and ground hops (1.3 kg) were placed in a glass column (135 ×10.2 cm) and extracted with hexane, circulated at 0.5 l/min, for approximately 3.5 hours. The hopswere finally extracted with fresh hexane and dried overnight at ambient temperature to produce thespent hops. The extract contains flavour components and is used in the brewing industry while thespent hops become a minor feed commodity.

Hops harvested 27 days after the final treatment in trial 001-94-1005R (Table 10) were

processed. The abamectin residues decreased by 19 and 40% (Table 11).

34abamectin

Table 20. Abamectin residues depletion in dry and spent hops (Englar 1994a). See Table 10 fordeatails of treatment and harvesting of the hops in trial 001-94-1005R used for processing.

Abamectin residues, mg/kg

Dried hopsB1a0.0860.082

B1b0.00750.0073

Spent hopsB1a0.0690.049

B1b0.0063<0.005

0.810.60

Processing factor

Johnson (1995b) measured the abamectin residues in fresh and dry hops from supervised

residue trials in Germany (Table 10). The hops were dried for 6 hours at 62°C in kilns; the weight ofthe dried product was approximately 20% of the fresh weight. Processing (drying) factors werecalculated for avermectin B1a for 13 cases where the residues were above the LOQ in both the freshand dried hops. Avermectin B1b was not included in the calculation because it was not detected. Theprocessing factors (in rank order) were 2.22, 2.53, 2.55, 2.64, 3.48, 3.97, 4.22, 4.43, 4.56, 4.60, 5.15,5.79 and 6.98. The mean was 4.09, so on average about 80% of the abamectin survived the dryingprocess.

Residues in the edible portion of food commodities

Abamectin residues were not detected in the pulp of melons from supervised trials in Brazil wheretreatment was at 0.014 and 0.029 kg ai/ha. The melons were harvested 0, 3 and 7 days after the finaltreatment.

Abamectin residues were not detected (<0.001 mg/kg) in peeled and cored apples, raw juice,clarified juice or apple sauce produced from treated apples, or in pear halves or purée from treatedpears.

NATIONAL MAXIMUM RESIDUE LIMITS

The Meeting was aware that the following MRLs had been established for abamectin.

CountryArgentina

MRL, mg/kgCommodity0.01Cotton seed, citrus fruit, cucumber, melon, pear, pepper, tomato,

watermelon

0.02Strawberry0.05Celery0.005Cattle meat, milk0.01Apple, cotton seed, pear, tomato0.02Strawberry0.1Cattle edible offal, cattle fat0.001Milk0.005Citrus fruit, cotton seed, potato0.01Apple, bell pepper, cucumber, meat, tomato, watermelon0.02Strawberry0.02Apple, pear0.01Apple, pear0.02Courgette, cucumber, egg plant, endive, lambs’ lettuce, lettuce,

melon, pepper, strawberry, tomato

0.02Cucumber, egg plant, sweet pepper, strawberry, tomato, zucchini0.05Hops

Australia

Brazil

Canada

FranceGermanyabamectin

CountryIsrael

MRL, mg/kgCommodity0.005Cotton seed, milk0.01Apple, celery, citrus fruit, cucurbits, egg plant, pear, potato,

strawberry, tomato

0.02Pepper0.01Pear, tomato0.005Cotton seed0.01Tomato0.02Citrus, strawberry0.05Celery0.01Cucumber, gherkin, zucchini0.02Egg plant, pepper, tomato0.05Endive, iceberg lettuce, lettuce

1noteApple, pear, strawberry, tomato0.01Apple, pear0.02Strawberry0.05Cotton seed, tomato0.01Celery, citrus fruit, cotton seed, cucurbits, lettuce, pear, pepper,strawberry, tomato

0.01Cucumber, egg plant, pear, strawberry, sweet pepper, tomato0.005Almond nutmeat, cotton seed, cucurbits (cucumbers, squashes,

melons), milk, potato, walnuts

0.01Bell pepper, tomato0.015Cattle, fat0.02Apple, cattle meat, cattle meat byproducts, citrus whole fruit, pear,

strawberry

0.05Celery, head lettuce0.07Tomato pomace0.1Apple wet pomace, almond hulls, citrus dried pulp, citrus oil,0.2Hops dried

Italy

Mexico

Netherlands

New ZealandSouth Africa

SpainSwitzerlandUSA

Not required as residue levels are <0.01 mg/kg when product is used according to label instructions

APPRAISAL

Abamectin was first evaluated at the 1992 JMPR and subsequently in 1994. MRLs have beenrecommended for a number of crops and animal commodities.

The Meeting received information on current registered uses, methods of analysis and data

on residues in supervised trials on the additional crops apples, potatoes and hops as well as new trialson pears, cucurbits, lettuce and tomatoes. Processing data were available for apples, pears, potatoesand hops.

The predominant residues from the use of abamectin on crops are avermectin B1a,

avermectin B1b and the photoisomers 8,9-Z-avermectin B1 (B1a and B1b) produced duringexposure to sunlight. Analytical methods that measure the components of the residue rely on HPLCseparation and fluorescence detection of derivatives formed by converting the cyclohexene ring to anaromatic ring. The abamectin residue appears as two peaks on the chromatogram (B1a and itsphotoisomer in one peak and B1b and its photoisomer in the other). The LOD for each peak is in therange 0.002-0.005 mg/kg.

Abamectin residues were shown to be stable in samples of fresh and dried hops during

freezer storage for the periods tested (150-190 days).

The Meeting noted that the definition proposed by JECFA (1997) for residues in the liver,

kidney and fat of animals subject to veterinary treatment with abamectin does not include the 8,9-Z-isomer ()-8,9- isomer), because it is not present in animal tissues when abamectin is used directly on

36abamectin

the animal. However, residues in animal tissues arising from residues in animal feed would includethe 8,9-Z- isomer. The Meeting agreed that the wider definition (including the 8,9-Z- isomer) wasappropriate for a laboratory carrying out enforcement or monitoring analyses because the analystwould not know whether the residue in the animal originated only from veterinary treatment or alsofrom the feed. The wider definition accommodates both situations.

Inclusion or exclusion of avermectin B1b from the definition of the residue is a matter of

judgement. In many crop situations B1b is present at approximately 10% of the total residue and theanalytical methods measure B1a and B1b by the same procedure so B1b results are always availableand may as well be used.

Avermectin B1b forms a photoisomer 8,9-Z-avermectin B1b in sunlight in the same way as

avermectin B1a does. The studies of photolysis were with avermectin B1a, so when the JMPRreviewed the studies in 1992 the possibility of 8,9-Z-avermectin B1b being produced was not takeninto account. In practice the contribution of 8,9-Z-avermectin B1b to the residue will be small but itshould be recognized that the HPLC measurement of avermectin B1b residues includes any 8,9-Z-avermectin B1b. The Meeting agreed to revise the definition of the residue accordingly, andrecommended the following definition for compliance with MRLs and for the estimation of dietaryintake.

Sum of avermectin B1a, avermectin B1b, 8,9-Z-avermectin B1a and 8,9-Z-avermectin B1b.

The Meeting received data from supervised residue trials on apples, pears, cucumbers,

melons, summer squash, tomatoes, lettuce, potatoes and hops.

The B1b component, when its residues were measurable, was consistently about 10% or less

of the total residue. For the purposes of evaluation, when B1a was positively detected and B1b wasnot detectable the total residue was calculated by taking the undetectable residue to be zero.When both components in a trial were not detectable (ND) the total residue was taken as

below the limit of detection. A residue reported as NQ (not quantifiable, detected but below the limitof determination LOD) is treated as equal to the LOD when it is to be added to a measurable residue.The method of calculating the total residue for various situations is illustrated by the

examples below.

B1aB1bTotal residue

0.0130.006NQND

NQ (>0.001 but <0.002)ND (<0.001)NDND

0.0150.006<0.002<0.001

Abamectin is registered for single applications on apples in Australia at 0.014 kg ai/ha withharvest after an interval of 14 days. In three trials corresponding to this use pattern the abamectinresidues were <0.002, 0.003 and 0.005 mg/kg.

Abamectin is permitted for use on pome fruit in New Zealand with one application at 0.027

kg ai/ha and a PHI of 14 days. Abamectin residues in apples were 0.004 and 0.007 mg/kg in twoNew Zealand trials where GAP was followed except that two applications were made instead of one.Abamectin is registered in the USA for two applications on apples at a rate of 0.026 kg ai/ha

with harvest 28 days after the final application. In 14 US trials according to these conditions

abamectin37

abamectin residues in rank order (median underlined) were <0.001 (2), <0.002 (3), 0.002, 0.003 (4),0.004, 0.006, 0.007 and 0.012 mg/kg.

The residue data from Australia, New Zealand and the USA appear to be from one

population and can therefore be combined. The residues of abamectin in apples in rank order in the19 trials (median underlined) were <0.001 (2), <0.002 (4), 0.002, 0.003 (5), 0.004 (2), 0.005, 0.006,0.007 (2) and 0.012 mg/kg.

The Meeting estimated a maximum residue level of 0.02 mg/kg and an STMR level of 0.003

mg/kg for abamectin in apples.

In the USA abamectin is registered for use on pears at 0.013-0.026 kg ai/ha with twoapplications permitted at the higher rate and a 28-day PHI. Data from four US trials were provided.The results of supervised trials on pears had previously been reported to the 1992 JMPR. A numberof residue decline trials on pears in the USA had shown that the typical half-life was approximately18 days. At such a rate residues at harvest 21 and 37 days after the final treatment would be ±30% ofthose at 28 days. The range of pre-harvest intervals for acceptance of the residues was thereforetaken as 21-37 days. Abamectin residues in pears from the four trials according to US GAP were0.004, 0.006, 0.009 and 0.011 mg/kg.

The 1992 monograph recorded one pear trial according to Argentinian GAP, (abamectin

<0.005 mg/kg), one according to French GAP (<0.002 mg/kg) and four according to Italian GAP(<0.002 and <0.005 (3) mg/kg).

The residues in the trials in different countries appear to be of the same order, giving

residues in rank order (median underlined) of <0.002 (2), 0.004, <0.005 (4), 0.006, 0.009 and 0.011mg/kg.

The Meeting estimated a maximum residue level for abamectin in pears of 0.02 mg/kg, to

replace the previous estimate of 0.01* mg/kg, and an STMR level of 0.005 mg/kg.

In the USA melons may be treated with abamectin at 0.011-0.021 kg ai/ha on threeoccasions at the higher rate and harvested 7 days after the final treatment. Abamectin residues werenot detectable (<0.002 mg/kg) in 9 trials in the USA on cantaloupes according to US GAP, exceptthat there were 4 or 5 applications instead of 3, or in two trials on watermelons under the sameconditions. Because the use patterns are the same, watermelons and melons can be evaluatedtogether.

Melons may be treated with abamectin three times at rates up to 0.022 kg ai/ha and harvested

three days after the final application according to the registered use in Spain. Abamectin residueswere not detected (<0.002 mg/kg) in cantaloupes treated according to Spanish GAP, except thatthere were four applications, in two glasshouse trials in Spain. Three trials on cantaloupe in Francewith the same treatment yielded residues of <0.002, <0.005 and <0.005 mg/kg.

Trials on cantaloupes in Brazil and Mexico and on honey-dew melons in Mexico could not

be evaluated because there was no information on corresponding GAP. In the Brazilian trials theedible pulp was analysed for abamectin and no residues were detected in any samples in any trial,suggesting that abamectin residues are probably absent from the edible parts of melons.

In summary abamectin residues in melons from trials according to GAP were <0.002,

<0.005 and <0.005 mg/kg in France, <0.002 mg/kg (2)) in Spain, <0.002 (9) mg/kg in the USA and<0.002 mg/kg (2) in watermelons in the USA. The residues in melons and watermelons in rank orderwere <0.002 (14) and <0.005 (2) mg/kg.

38abamectin

The Meeting estimated maximum residue levels of 0.01* mg/kg as being a practical limit of

determination, and an STMR level of 0.002 mg/kg, for abamectin in melons and watermelons.Abamectin is registered for use in the USA on cucumbers and squash at 0.011-0.021 kg ai/ha

with three applications at the higher or six at the lower rate, and harvest 7 days after the finaltreatment. In four US trials on cucumbers at 0.021 or 0.022 kg ai/ha, but with four applicationsinstead of three, residues were undetectable in three trials (<0.002 mg/kg) and below the LOD in theother (<0.005 mg/kg). In four US trials on zucchini (summer squash) under the same conditions noabamectin residues were detectable (<0.002 mg/kg).

Mexican trials on cucumbers and pickling cucumbers could not be evaluated because no

information on relevant GAP was available.

The registered use of abamectin on glasshouse cucumbers in Germany permits 5 applications

of 0.023 kg ai/ha with harvest three days after the final application. Treatment is not permittedbetween November and February. Two French trials according to this use pattern were recorded inthe 1992 monograph. The resultant abamectin residues were <0.002 and <0.005 mg/kg. A third trialwith applications during October and November produced a residue of 0.034 mg/kg, but theconditions were no longer according to GAP.

GAP for abamectin on cucumbers in Spain permits three applications at 0.022 kg ai/ha with

harvest three days after the last. Two glasshouse trials in Spain and three trials in Italy (oneglasshouse) according to this use pattern but with 4 or 5 applications were recorded in the 1992monograph. The residues were <0.002, <0.005 (2), 0.006 and 0.008 mg/kg.

GAP for glasshouse cucumbers in The Netherlands allows 5 applications of 0.023 kg ai/ha

and harvest three days after the final application. In two trials on cucumbers under these conditionsthe residues were 0.007 and 0.008 mg/kg, as recorded in the 1992 monograph.

In summary, the residues in cucumbers from trials according to GAP were <0.002 (3) and

<0.005 mg/kg in the USA, <0.002 and <0.005 mg/kg in France, <0.002, <0.005 (2), 0.006 and 0.008mg/kg in Spain and Italy, and 0.007 and 0.008 mg/kg in The Netherlands. The residues in rank order(median underlined) were <0.002 (5), <0.005 (4), 0.006, 0.007 and 0.008 (2) mg/kg.The Meeting estimated a maximum residue level for abamectin in cucumbers of 0.01 mg/kg,

to replace the previous estimate of 0.05 mg/kg, and an STMR of 0.005 mg/kg.

The four trials on summer squash in the USA were evaluated with the support of the four on

cucumbers. Abamectin residues from the 8 trials were <0.002 (7) and <0.005 mg/kg.

The Meeting estimated a maximum residue level for abamectin on summer squash of 0.01*

mg/kg as being a practical limit of determination, and an STMR of 0.002 mg/kg.

Abamectin is registered for four applications to glasshouse tomatoes in The Netherlands at0.023 kg ai/ha with a PHI of three days. Abamectin residues in tomatoes from trials which compliedwith GAP were 0.007 (2), 0.009, 0.012 (2) and 0.017 mg/kg. Two of the tomato trials in TheNetherlands reported in the 1992 monograph (refs 211 and 212) were not according to current GAPbecause applications were made during the months of November and December. Current GAPrestricts the treatment of glasshouse tomatoes to the months of March to October whenphotodegradation of abamectin residues is sufficient. Two other trials (refs 217 and 218) wereaccording to current GAP because abamectin was applied in May and June. The residues from thesetwo trials were 0.008 and 0.005 mg/kg.

abamectin39

GAP in Argentina permits 9 applications of abamectin at 0.022 kg ai/ha to tomatoes with a

3-day PHI. In the three trials with conditions close to GAP (0.020-0.028 kg ai/ha and 5-9applications) recorded in the 1992 monograph the residues were <0.002 (2) and <0.005 mg/kg.In Brazil abamectin may be applied to tomatoes at 0.022 kg ai/ha with harvest three days

after the final application. Three Brazilian trials recorded in the 1992 monograph were close to theseconditions, with residues of <0.005 (2) and 0.017 mg/kg.

Three French trials recorded in 1992 were evaluated according to German GAP (5

applications of 0.023 kg ai/ha applied to glasshouse tomatoes with harvest three days after the finalapplication). Tomatoes were treated 10 times in one trial, but it was evaluated because residuesapparently disappeared quickly and the number of applications would not influence the final residue.The residues were <0.002 (2), and <0.005 mg/kg.

Two Italian trials recorded in 1992 complied with the Italian application rate (0.022 kg ai/ha)

and PHI (7 days), but there were ten applications instead of two. The results were again consideredacceptable because the residues were disappearing quickly. The residues in both trials were <0.002mg/kg.

In Spain abamectin may be used on tomatoes at 0.022 kg ai/ha with a PHI of three days. The

residues in tomatoes from four trials recorded in the 1992 monograph with application rates in therange 0.015-0.027 kg ai/ha were <0.005 (3) and 0.009 mg/kg.

GAP in the USA specifies three applications of 0.021 kg ai/ha and harvest 7 days after the

final application. Eighteen US trials are recorded in the 1992 monograph at this application rate anda PHI of 7 days or less, but with 8-12 applications. The residues had usually disappeared within afew days so it is unlikely that early applications had any influence on the final residues. The residueswere <0.002 (13), <0.005 (4) and 0.005 mg/kg.

In summary, the residues in tomatoes from trials according to GAP were 0.005, 0.007 (2),

0.008, 0.009, 0.012 (2) and 0.017 mg/kg in The Netherlands, <0.002 (2) and <0.005 mg/kg inArgentina, <0.005 (2) and 0.017 mg/kg in Brazil, <0.002 (2) and <0.005 mg/kg in France, <0.002 (2)mg/kg in Italy, <0.005 (3) and 0.009 mg/kg in Spain and <0.002 (13), <0.005 (4) and 0.005 mg/kg inthe USA. The residues in rank order (median underlined and Netherlands results in bold) were<0.002 (19), <0.005 (11), 0.005, 0.005, 0.007 (2), 0.008, 0.009, 0.009, 0.012 (2), 0.017 and 0.017mg/kg.

The residues in The Netherlands appear to belong to a different population from the others,

with a median of 0.0085 mg/kg.

The Meeting estimated a maximum residue level for abamectin in tomatoes of 0.02 mg/kg,

the same as the previous estimate, and an STMR of 0.0085 mg/kg.

GAP in The Netherlands permits four applications of abamectin to lettuce at 0.014 kg ai/hawith harvest 14 days after the final application, but only from 1 March to 1 November. In fourglasshouse trials in The Netherlands according to GAP the residues in head lettuce were 0.016,0.025, 0.029 and 0.029 mg/kg.

Abamectin may be used four times on lettuce in France at 0.009 kg ai/ha with harvest 7 days

after the final application. In three French trials where the application rate was approximately 25%higher than this, but within the acceptable range for evaluation, the residues were <0.001, 0.004 and0.023 mg/kg.

In Spain abamectin may be applied three times to lettuce at 0.022 kg ai/ha with harvest 14

days after the final application. In two Spanish and three French trials at this rate and PHI, but with

40abamectin

four applications instead of three, the abamectin residues were <0.002, 0.005, 0.013, 0.028 and 0.040mg/kg.

Trials on lettuce in the USA recorded in the 1992 monograph could not be evaluated because thenumber of applications, 6-10, was excessive for a sometimes persistent residue compared with thethree applications permitted.

In summary, the residues in head lettuce from trials according to GAP were 0.016, 0.025,

0.029 and 0.029 mg/kg in The Netherlands, <0.001, 0.004 and 0.023 mg/kg in France and <0.002,0.005, 0.013, 0.028 and 0.040 mg/kg in Spain. The residues reported in 1992 in rank order (medianunderlined) were 0.016, 0.016, 0.033, 0.047, 0.059 and 0.077 mg/kg.The Meeting estimated a maximum residue level for abamectin in almonds of 0.01* mg/kg

as being a practical limit of determination and, because no residues were detected in the trials atnormal and double rates, an STMR of 0 mg/kg. The Meeting also estimated maximum residue andSTMR levels for abamectin on almond hulls of 0.1 mg/kg and 0.040 mg/kg respectively.

GAP in the USA for walnuts is the same as for almonds. Abamectin residues were notdetected (<0.002 mg/kg) in walnuts from six US trials recorded in 1992 according to the maximumUS application rate but harvested after 14 days, or in those from four other trials at a double rate.The Meeting estimated a maximum residue level for abamectin in walnuts of 0.01* mg/kg as

being a practical limit of determination, and an STMR of 0 mg/kg.

Abamectin is registered for use on hops in Germany and the USA with two applications of0.023 and 0.022 kg ai/ha respectively and a PHI of 28 days. The residues in dry hops from 12German and 4 US trials according to GAP in rank order (median underlined) were <0.003 (4),<0.005, 0.011, 0.012, 0.015, 0.017, 0.022 (2), 0.023, 0.025, 0.030, 0.062 and 0.086 mg/kg.The Meeting estimated maximum residue and STMR levels of 0.1 mg/kg and 0.016 mg/kg

respectively.

A feeding study on dairy cows recorded in the 1992 monograph showed that residues in the

milk, liver, muscle, fat and kidney did not exceed 0.004, 0.020, 0.002, 0.014 and 0.005 mg/kgrespectively at a feeding level of 0.1 ppm. The residues in animal commodities arising from theconsumption of abamectin-treated almond hulls should not exceed current draft MRLs.

Information on the fate of abamectin residues during the processing of apples, pears,

potatoes and hops was provided.

Abamectin residues were not detectable in the juice or sauce produced from treated apples,

but were concentrated in pomace, a result expected from the nature of abamectin as a surfaceresidue. The calculated processing factors were <0.062 for juice, <0.12 for apple sauce and 17.3 fordry pomace. The \"<\" signs indicate derivation from the LOD for abamectin in the processedcommodities.

The supervised trials median residues for the processed commodities (STMR-Ps) calculated

from the processing factors and the STMR level for apples (0.003 mg/kg) are apple juice 0.00019mg/kg, apple sauce 0.00036 mg/kg and dry apple pomace 0.052 mg/kg.

Abamectin residues were not detectable in pear halves or pear purée produced from treated

pears. The calculated processing factors were canned pear halves <0.046 and pear purée <0.048.

abamectin41

The STMR-Ps for the processed commodities calculated from the processing factors and the

STMR for pears (0.005 mg/kg) were canned pear halves 0.00023 mg/kg and pear purée 0.00024mg/kg.

The processing study on potatoes could not be completed because no abamectin residues

were detectable in the treated potatoes.

Abamectin-treated hops were processed by exhaustive hexane extraction of dry hops to

produce a solvent extract and spent hops. The extract contains flavour components and is used in thebrewing industry while the spent hops become a minor feed commodity. Most of the abamectinresidues remained in the spent hops. The mean processing factor from dry hops to spent hops was0.71.

The mean processing factor for abamectin residues during the conversion of fresh hops to

dry hops was 4.09, suggesting that approximately 80% of the abamectin survived the drying process. The 1992 JMPR recommended MRLs for cattle meat and offal of 0.01* and 0.05 mg/kg

respectively on the basis of possible abamectin residues in animal feed commodities.

On the basis of veterinary uses the 1996 JECFA recommended MRLs for residues defined as

avermectin B1a of 100 µg/kg for cattle fat and liver, and 50 µg/kg for kidney.

The Meeting agreed that MRLs should accommodate both agricultural and veterinary uses

where the necessary information is available, and agreed to replace the recommendation for edibleoffal with recommendations for MRLs in fat, liver and kidney in line with the levels recommendedby JECFA.

It is not clear whether the current recommendation for cattle meat (0.01 mg/kg) would

accommodate veterinary uses. The Meeting recommended that JECFA be requested to suggest anappropriate maximum residue level in cattle meat, and to consider accepting the broader definition ofthe residue to accommodate the residues which occur as a result of agricultural as well as veterinaryuses.

RECOMMENDATIONS

On the basis of the data from supervised trials the Meeting concluded that the residue levels listedbelow are suitable for establishing maximum residue limits.

Definition of the residue (for compliance with MRL and for estimation of dietary intake): Sum ofavermectin B1a, avermectin B1b, 8,9-Z-avermectin B1a and 8,9-Z-avermectin B1b.

CommodityCCNTN 0660FP 0226MF 0812MO 1289MO 1281MO 0812VC 0424DH 1100VL 0482VC 0046

NameAlmond

Almond hullsAppleCattle fatCattle kidneyCattle liver

Cattle, Edible offal ofCucumberHops, dryLettuce, HeadMelons, exceptWatermelon

RecommendedMRL, mg/kgnewcurrent0.01*0.10.02-0.1 V-0.05 VNote10.1 VNote1W0.050.010.050.1-0.05-0.01*-Based on

PHI, days212114-28

STMR,mg/kg00.0400.003

STMR-P, mg/kg

3-7287-143-70.0050.0160.0200.002

CommodityCCNFP 0230VR 0589VC 0431VO 0448TN 0678VC 0432NamePearPotato

Squash, SummerTomatoWalnutWatermelonApple juiceApple sauceCanned pearsPear purée

abamectin

RecommendedMRL, mg/kgnewcurrent0.020.01*0.01*-0.01*-0.020.020.01*0.01*-Based onPHI, days14-210-1473147STMR,mg/kg0.00500.0020.008500.0020.000190.000360.000230.00024STMR-P, mg/kg

* MRL at or about limit of determination.W: previous recommendation withdrawn.

V: includes residues which may arise from veterinary uses.1

The current recommendation for Cattle edible offal is to be replaced by recommendations for Cattle kidneyand Cattle liver to accommodate JECFA recommendations arising from veterinary uses with abamectin.

REFERENCES

Akira, P.T. and da Silva, R.A. 1995. The effect of 4weekly applications of 1.8% EC abamectin on thesubsequent residue of abamectin on potato. Report 015-94-9052R. Intituto Biológico, São Paulo, Brazil.Unpublished.

Arenas, R.V. 1997a. The effect of freezer storage on themagnitude of the residues of avermectin B1 and 8,9-Zavermectin B1 in dried hops. Protocol No. 4166. Merck& Co. Inc., USA. Unpublished.

Arenas, R.V. 1997b. The effect of freezer storage on themagnitude of the residues of avermectin B1 and 8,9-Zavermectin B1 in fresh hops. Protocol No. 4167. Merck& Co. Inc., USA. Unpublished.

Balluff, M. 1995. Generation of field samples for thedetermination of residues of abamectin in hops underfield conditions at four locations in Germany. Study94086-FPHO. Trials 072-94-0005R, 072-94-0006R,072-94-0007R, 072-94-0008R. GAB BiotechnologieGmbH & IFU Umweltanalytik GmbH, Germany.Unpublished.

Blaschke, U. 1992a. Uptake and decline study withLX1225-01 (Vertimec 1.8 EC) applied to apples inGermany. MSD study 072-91-0005R. Protocol D-1714-91-225-01-02B-09. Landis Europe S.A., Luxembourg.Unpublished.

Blaschke, U. 1992b. Uptake and decline study withLX1225-01 (Vertimec 1.8 EC) applied to apples inGermany. MSD study 072-91-0006R. Protocol D-1714-91-225-01-02B-10. Landis Europe S.A., Luxembourg.Unpublished.

Blaschke, U. 1992c. Raw agricultural commodity studywith LX1225-01 (Dynamec 1.8 EC) applied to apples inthe United Kingdom. MSD study 074-91-0003R.

Protocol GB-1714-91-225-01-02B-19. Landis EuropeS.A., Luxembourg. Unpublished.

Blaschke, U. 1992d. Uptake and decline study withLX1225-01 (Dynamec 1.8 EC) applied to apples in theUnited Kingdom. MSD study 074-91-0004R. ProtocolGB-1714-91-225-01-02B-20. Landis Europe S.A.,Luxembourg. Unpublished.

Blaschke, U. 1992e. Raw agricultural commodity studywith LX1225-01 (Vertimec 1.8 EC) applied to apples inSpain. MSD study 065-91-0007R. Protocol S-1714-91-225-01-02B-14. Landis Europe S.A., Luxembourg.Unpublished.

Blaschke, U. 1992f. Uptake and decline study withLX1225-01 (Vertimec 1.8 EC) applied to apples inSpain. MSD study 065-91-0009R. Protocol S-1714-91-225-01-02B-16. Landis Europe S.A., Luxembourg.Unpublished.

Blaschke, U. 1992g. Uptake and decline study withLX1225-01 (Vertimec 1.8 EC) applied to apples inFrance. MSD study 066-91-0016R. Protocol F-1714-91-225-01-02B-01. Landis Europe S.A., Luxembourg.Unpublished.

Blaschke, U. 1992h. Raw agricultural commodity studywith LX1225-01 (Vertimec 1.8 EC) applied to apples inFrance. MSD study 066-91-0017R. Protocol F-1714-91-225-01-02B-02. Landis Europe S.A., Luxembourg.Unpublished.

Blaschke, U. 1992i. Raw agricultural commodity studywith LX1225-01 (Vertimec 1.8 EC) applied to apples inGermany. MSD study 072-91-0004R. Protocol D-1714-91-225-01-02B-08. Landis Europe S.A., Luxembourg.Unpublished.

abamectin

Brown, R.D. 1995. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues of avermectin B1 and 8,9-Z avermectin B1in/on the raw agricultural commodity, dried hops, and inspent hops from abamectin 0.15 EC applied by groundequipment. Study 618-936-94035. Trials 001-94-1005R,001-94-1006R, 001-94-1007R, 001-94-1008R. Merck &Co., USA. Unpublished.

Calkin, J.D. 1992. Determination of the magnitude ofthe residues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/onapples treated with abamectin 0.15 EC by airblastorchard sprayers. Relates to 618-936-AP. Report 001-92-6012R. HRFS project 92321. Hulst Research FarmServices, USA. Unpublished.

Celino, L. 1992a. High-performance liquidchromatography-fluorescence determination foravermectin B1 and its 8,9 isomer in cucumbers fromMexico. Trials 002-90-0011R, 002-90-0012R, 002-90-0016R. Report HWI 6012-363. Hazelton Wisconsin,USA. Unpublished.

Celino, L. 1992b. High-performance liquidchromatography fluorescence determination foravermectin B1 and its delta 8,9 isomer in melons fromFrance. Trials 066-91-0003R, 066-91-0004R, 066-91-0005R. Report HWI 6012-376. Hazelton Wisconsin,USA. Unpublished.

Celino, L. 1992c. High-performance liquidchromatography fluorescence determination foravermectin B1 and its 8,9 isomer in melons. Trials 065-91-0003R, 065-91-0004R. Report HWI 6012-373.Hazelton Wisconsin, USA. Unpublished.

Celino, L. 1993a. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/onmelons from abamectin 0.15EC applications made withground equipment. Part of 618-936-93127. Trial 001-91-6010R. Project 6012-377. Hazelton Wisconsin,USA. Unpublished.

Celino, L. 1993b. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/onmelons from abamectin 0.15EC applications made withground equipment. Part of 618-936-93127. Trial 001-91-6011R. Project 6012-375. Hazelton Wisconsin,USA. Unpublished.

Cenjor, R.L. 1992a. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/on theraw agricultural commodity field-grown head lettuce,from abamectin 1.8 EC applications by groundequipment in Spain. Cooperator report 065-92-0001R.Unpublished.

Cenjor, R.L. 1992b. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/on theraw agricultural commodity field-grown head lettuce,from abamectin 1.8 EC applications by groundequipment in Spain. Cooperator report 065-92-0002R.Unpublished.

Cenjor, R.L. 1992c. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/on theraw agricultural commodity field-grown leafy lettuce,from abamectin 1.8 EC applications by ground

equipment in Spain. Cooperator report 065-92-0003R.Unpublished.

Cenjor, R.L. 1992d. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/on theraw agricultural commodity field-grown leafy lettuce,from abamectin 1.8 EC applications by groundequipment in Spain. Cooperator report 065-92-0004R.Unpublished.

Clements, B. 1995. Avermectin B1: the determination ofthe residue in lettuce. Report 453/8-1012. Includes 070-94-0001R, 070-94-0002R, 070-93-0007R, 070-93-0008R. Hazleton Europe. Unpublished.

Cobin, J. 1995. A rapid HPLC residue method for thequantitation of avermectin B1 and 8,9-Z avermectin B1in apples using fluorescence detection. Method M-007.1. Merck Research Laboratories, USA.Unpublished.

Cobin, J.A. 1989. HPLC-fluorescence determination foravermectin B8920. Merck & Co. Inc., USA. Unpublished.

1 and its 8,9 isomer in cucumbers MethodCobin, J.A. and Johnson, N.A. 1995. Liquidchromatographic method for rapid determination of totalavermectin B1 and 8,9-Z-avermectin B, 78, 419-423.1 residues inapples. Journal of AOAC InternationalCobin, J.A. and Johnson, N.A. 1996. Liquidchromatographic method for determination of totalavermectin B1 and 8,9-Z-avermectin B1 residues in hops.Journal of AOAC International, 79, 503-507.Collett, M.G., Mitchell, L.W. and Hall, A. 1996.Collection of fruit samples for residue analysisfollowing one application of Vertimec to apples. Threetrials, New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania, 1996.Report MERCK/967. Includes 114-95-0001R, 114-95-0002R, 114-95-0003R. Agrisearch Services Pty Ltd.,Australia. Unpublished.

De Foliart, L. 1994. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues of avermectin B1 and 8,9-Z avermectin B1 in/onthe raw agricultural commodity, potatoes, fromabamectin 0.15EC applied with paraffinic oil by groundequipment. Field residue trial notebook. Trial 001-94-1022R. Study 93671. Research Designed forAgriculture, USA. Unpublished.

Duchene, P. and Goller, G. 1997. Assay of totalavermectin B1 and 8,9-Z avermectin B1 observed inhops (immature, fresh and dried). Study codeMER/AVE/96092. E-96-MK-936-HOP. ADMEBioanalyses, France. Unpublished.

Duchene, P., Communal, P.Y., and Goller, G. 1997.Validation of the method for residue analysis ofavermectin observed in hops (dried, fresh andimmature). Study code MER/AVE/96091. E-96-MK-936-HOP. ADME Bioanalyses, France. Unpublished.Egan, R.S. 1993. Determination of the magnitude of theresidues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/onapples treated with abamectin 0.15 EC by airblastorchard sprayers and apple processed fractions.

44abamectin

Summary of the residue data in support of registrationfor the use of abamectin on apples. Relates to 618-936-AP. Trials 001-90-5016R, 001-90-5018R, 001-91-1021R, 001-91-1023R, 001-91-1024R, 001-91-3000R,001-91-6106R, 001-91-6024R, 001-92-0026R, 001-92-0027R, 001-92-1014R, 001-92-1018R, 001-92-3020R,001-92-6012R. Merck & Co, Inc., USA. Unpublished.Egan, R.S. 1994. Determination of the magnitude of theresidues of avermectin B1 and 8,9-Z-avermectin B1in/on cucurbits from abamectin 0.15 EC applicationsmade with ground equipment. Summary of the residuedata in support of registration for the use of abamectinon cucurbits. Relates to 618-936-93127. Trials 001-91-1025R, 001-91-1026R, 001-91-1027R, 001-91-6010R,001-92-0020R, 001-92-0021R, 001-92-0029R, 001-92-0030R, 001-92-1001R, 001-92-1019R, 001-92-1020R,001-92-3014R, 001-92-3018R, 001-92-3019R, 001-92-6013R, 001-92-6014R, 001-92-6015R. Merck & Co,Inc., USA. Unpublished.

Englar, W.J. 1994a. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues of avermectin B1 and 8,9-Z avermectin B1in/on the raw agricultural commodity, dried hops, and inspent hops from abamectin 0.15 EC applied by groundequipment. Protocol 4035. Trial 001-94-1005R. Wm J.Englar & Associates, Inc., USA. Unpublished.

Englar, W.J. 1994b. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues of avermectin Bthe raw agricultural commodity, potatoes, from1 and 8,9-Z avermectin B1 in/onabamectin 0.15 EC applied with paraffinic oil by groundequipment. Protocol 3671. Trial 001-94-1022R. Wm J.Englar & Associates, Inc., USA. Unpublished.

Garozi, J. and Piffer, R. 1995a. Analise de residuos deabamectin em batata (Solanum tuberosum) aposaplicação de Vertimec 18 CE. Trial 015-94-9050R.Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Brazil.Unpublished.

Garozi, J. and Piffer, R. 1995b. Analise de residuos deabamectin em batata (Solanum tuberosum) aposaplicação de Vertimec 18 CE. Trial 015-94-9051R.Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Brazil.Unpublished.

Garozi, J. and Piffer, R. 1995c. Analise de residuos deabamectin em batata (Solanum tuberosum) aposaplicação de Vertimec 18 CE. Trial 015-94-9052R.Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Brazil.Unpublished.

Geuijen, I.G. 1993a. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/on theraw agricultural commodity tomato, from abamectin 1.8EC applications by ground equipment in TheNetherlands (field phase). Report 070-93-0001R (F-93-23-NL-00). Research Company for Plant Protection “DeBredelaar” B.V., Netherlands. Unpublished.

Geuijen, I.G. 1993b. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues in/on the raw agricultural commodity tomato,from abamectin 1.8 EC applications in The Netherlands(field phase). Report 070-93-0002R (F-93-23-NL-00).Research Company for Plant Protection “De Bredelaar”B.V., Netherlands. Unpublished.

Geuijen, I.G. 1994a. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/on theraw agricultural commodity greenhouse tomato, fromabamectin 1.8 EC applications by ground equipment inThe Netherlands (field phase). Report 070-93-0003R (F-93-23-NL-01). Research Company for Plant Protection“De Bredelaar” B.V., Netherlands. Unpublished.Geuijen, I.G. 1994b. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/on theraw agricultural commodity greenhouse tomato, fromabamectin 1.8 EC applications by ground equipment inThe Netherlands (field phase). Report 070-93-0004R (F-93-23-NL-01). Research Company for Plant Protection“De Bredelaar” B.V., Netherlands. Unpublished.Geuijen, I.G. 1994c Determination of the magnitude ofresidues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/on theraw agricultural commodity greenhouse tomato, fromabamectin 1.8 EC applications by ground equipment inThe Netherlands (field phase). Report 070-93-0005R (F-93-23-NL-01). Research Company for Plant Protection“De Bredelaar” B.V., Netherlands. Unpublished.Geuijen, I.G. 1994d Determination of the magnitude ofresidues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/on theraw agricultural commodity greenhouse tomato, fromabamectin 1.8 EC applications by ground equipment inThe Netherlands (field phase). Report 070-93-0006R (F-93-23-NL-01). Research Company for Plant Protection“De Bredelaar” B.V., Netherlands. Unpublished.Geuijen, I.G. 1995a. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/on theraw agricultural commodity greenhouse grown lettucefrom abamectin 1.8 EC applications by groundequipment in The Netherlands. Report 070-93-0007R(F-93-23-NL-02). Research Company for PlantProtection “De Bredelaar” B.V., Netherlands.Unpublished.

Geuijen, I.G. 1995b. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/on theraw agricultural commodity greenhouse grown lettucefrom abamectin 1.8 EC applications by groundequipment in The Netherlands. Report 070-93-0008R(F-93-23-NL-02). Research Company for PlantProtection “De Bredelaar” B.V., Netherlands.Unpublished.

Geuijen, I.G. 1995c. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/on theraw agricultural commodity greenhouse grown lettucefrom abamectin 1.8 EC applications by groundequipment in The Netherlands. Report 070-94-0001R.Research Company for Plant Protection “De Bredelaar”B.V., Netherlands. Unpublished.

Geuijen, I.G. 1995d. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/on theraw agricultural commodity greenhouse grown lettucefrom abamectin 1.8 EC applications by groundequipment in The Netherlands. Report 070-94-0002R.Research Company for Plant Protection “De Bredelaar”B.V., Netherlands. Unpublished.

abamectin

Giannone, R.G. 1992. Pear residue trial with concentrateapplications of abamectin 0.15 EC made by commercialairblast orchard sprayer to determine residue dissipationon whole pears and residue in pear processing fractions.HRFS project 92056. Hulst Research Farm ServicesInc., USA. Relates to 001-92-6016R. Part of 618-936-3057. Unpublished.

Hicks, M.B. 1992a. HPLC-fluorescence determinationfor avermectin Bapples. Method no. 8000, rev. 3. Merck & Co. Inc.,1 and its delta-8,9 isomer in pears andUSA. Unpublished.

Hicks, M.B. 1992b. HPLC-fluorescence determinationfor avermectin Bapples. Method no. 8000, rev. 4. Merck & Co. Inc.,1 and 8,9-Z-avermectin B1 in pears andUSA. Unpublished.

Hulst, D.C. 1991. Determination of the magnitude of theresidues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/onapples treated with abamectin 0.15 EC by airblastorchard sprayers. Relates to 618-936-AP. Report 001-91-6024R. HRFS project 91063. Hulst Research FarmServices, USA. Unpublished.

Hutton-Okpalaeke, M. 1992a. High-performance liquidchromatography-fluorescence determination foravermectin B1 and its 8,9 isomer in cantaloupe(Durango) from Mexico Trials 002-90-0035R, 002-90-0036R, 002-90-0037R. Report HWI 6012-359. HazeltonWisconsin, USA. Unpublished.

Hutton-Okpalaeke, M. 1993a. Determination of themagnitude of residues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/on melons from abamectin 0.15ECapplications made with ground equipment. Part of 618-936-93127. Trial 001-91-1025R. Project HWI 6012-388. Hazelton Wisconsin, USA. Unpublished.

Hutton-Okpalaeke, M. 1993b. Determination of themagnitude of residues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/on cucurbits from abamectin 0.15 ECapplications made with ground equipment. Part of 618-936-93127. Trial 001-92-0019R, 001-92-0020R, 001-92-0021R.. Project 6012-383. Hazelton Wisconsin,USA. Unpublished.

Hutton-Okpalaeke, M. 1993c. Determination of themagnitude of residues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/on cucurbits from abamectin 0.15 ECapplications made with ground equipment. Part of 618-936-93127. Trial 001-92-0029R. Project 6411-105.Hazelton Wisconsin, USA. Unpublished.

Hutton-Okpalaeke, M. 1993d. Determination of themagnitude of residues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/on cucurbits from abamectin 0.15ECapplications made with ground equipment. Part of 618-936-93127. Trial 001-92-0030R, 001-92-6015R, and001-92-3018R. Project 6012-386, 6012-389, 6012-390.Hazelton Wisconsin, USA. Unpublished.

Hutton-Okpalaeke, M. 1993e. Determination of themagnitude of residues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/on cucurbits from abamectin 0.15ECapplication made with ground equipment. Part of 618-

936-93127. Trial 001-92-1019R. Project 6012-395.Hazelton Wisconsin, USA. Unpublished.

Hutton-Okpalaeke, M. 1993f. Determination of themagnitude of residues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/on cucurbits from abamectin 0.15ECapplications made with ground equipment. Part of 618-936-93127. Trial 001-92-1020R, 001-92-6014R, 001-92-3019R. Project 6012-384, 6012-392. HazeltonWisconsin, USA. Unpublished.

Hutton-Okpalaeke, M. 1993g. Determination of themagnitude of residues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/on cucurbits from abamectin 0.15ECapplication made with ground equipment. Part of 618-936-93127. Trial 001-92-3014R, 001-92-1001R, 001-92-6013R. Project 6012-391, 6012-393, 6012-394.Hazelton Wisconsin, USA. Unpublished.

JECFA. 1997. Residues of some veterinary drugs inanimals and foods. Monographs prepared by the Forty-seventh Meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO ExpertCommittee on Food Additives. Rome, 4-13 June 1996.FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 41/9. Food andAgriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.Johnson, N.A. 1993. Magnitude of the residue ofabamectin and its 8,9 isomer in/on the raw agriculturalcommodity pear and pear processing fractions. Trials001-92-6016R, 001-92-6017R, 001-92-6018R, 001-92-6019R. Project #1342. Analytical DevelopmentCorporation, USA. Part of 618-936-3057. Unpublished.Johnson, N.A. 1994a. Method of analysis M-036: Liquidchromatographic method for the quantitation of totalavermectin B1 and 8,9-Z avermectin B1 in dried hopsusing fluorescence detection. Merck & Co. Inc., USA.Unpublished.

Johnson, N.A. 1994b. Method of analysis M-044:Liquid chromatographic method for the quantitation oftotal avermectin B1 and 8,9-Z avermectin B1 in fresh(green) hops using fluorescence detection. Merck & Co.Inc., USA. Unpublished.

Johnson, N.A. 1995a. Determination of the magnitudeof residues of avermectin Bin/on the raw agricultural commodity, dried hops and in1 and 8,9-Z avermectin B1spent hops, from abamectin 0.15 EC applied by groundequipment. Protocol 4035. Trials 001-94-1005R, 001-94-1006R, 001-94-1007R, 001-94-1008R. Merck & Co.,USA. Unpublished.

Johnson, N.A. 1995b. Determination of the magnitudeof residues for abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/onhops resulting from abamectin applications by groundequipment in Germany. Protocol E-94-MK-936-HOP.Trials 072-94-0005R, 072-94-0006R, 072-94-0007R,072-94-0008R. Merck & Co., USA. Unpublished.Kopish, R.M. 1992. High-performance liquidchromatography-fluorescence determination foravermectin B1 and its 8,9 isomer in pickles fromMexico. Trials 002-90-0013R, 002-90-0014R, 002-90-0015R. Report HWI 6012-368. Hazelton Wisconsin,USA. Unpublished

46abamectin

Kopish, R.M. 1993. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/onmelons from abamectin 0.15EC applications made withground equipment. Part of 618-936-93127. Trial 001-91-1027R. Project HWI 6012-379. Hazelton Wisconsin,USA. Unpublished.

Kvaternick, V. 1992a. HPLC analysis of avermectin B1and its ˜ 8,9 isomer in apples. Relates to 618-936-AP.Trial 001-91-1021R. Report 1281-1. AnalyticalDevelopment Corporation, USA. Unpublished.Kvaternick, V. 1992b. HPLC analysis of avermectin B1and its ˜ 8,9 isomer in apples. Relates to 618-936-AP.Trial 001-91-1023R. Report 1281-3. AnalyticalDevelopment Corporation, USA. Unpublished.Kvaternick, V. 1992c. HPLC analysis of avermectin B1and its ˜ 8,9 isomer in apples. Relates to 618-936-AP.Trial 001-91-1024R. Report 1281-4. AnalyticalDevelopment Corporation, USA. Unpublished.Kvaternick, V. 1992d. HPLC analysis of avermectin B1and its ˜ 8,9 isomer in apples. Relates to 618-936-AP.Trial 001-91-6016R. Report 1281-5. AnalyticalDevelopment Corporation, USA. Unpublished.Kvaternick, V. 1992e. HPLC analysis of avermectin B1and its ˜ 8,9 isomer in apples. Relates to 618-936-AP.Trial 001-91-6024R. Report 1281-2. AnalyticalDevelopment Corporation, USA. Unpublished.Kvaternick, V. 1993a. Determination of the magnitudeof the residue of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomerin/on apples treated with abamectin 0.15 EC by airblastorchard sprayers. Relates to 618-936-AP. Trial 001-92-0026R. Report 1281-9. Analytical DevelopmentCorporation, USA. Unpublished.

Kvaternick, V. 1993b. Determination of the magnitudeof the residue of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomerin/on apples treated with abamectin 0.15 EC by airblastorchard sprayers. Relates to 618-936-AP. Trial 001-92-0027R. Report 1281-10. Analytical DevelopmentCorporation, USA. Unpublished.

Kvaternick, V. 1993c. Determination of the magnitudeof the residues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomerin/on apples treated with abamectin 0.15 EC by airblastorchard sprayers. Relates to 618-936-AP. Trial 001-92-1014R. Report 1281-6. Analytical DevelopmentCorporation, USA. Unpublished.

Kvaternick, V. 1993d. Determination of the magnitudeof the residue of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomerin/on apples treated with abamectin 0.15 EC by airblastorchard sprayers. Relates to 618-936-AP. Trial 001-92-1018R. Report 1281-7. Analytical DevelopmentCorporation, USA. Unpublished.

Kvaternick, V. 1993e. Determination of the magnitudeof the residue of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomerin/on apples treated with abamectin 0.15 EC by airblastorchard sprayers. Relates to 618-936-AP. Trial 001-92-3020R. Report 1281-11. Analytical DevelopmentCorporation, USA. Unpublished.

Kvaternick, V. 1993f. Determination of the magnitudeof the residues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomerin/on apples treated with abamectin 0.15 EC by airblastorchard sprayers. Relates to 618-936-AP. Trial 001-92-6012R. Report 1281-8. Analytical DevelopmentCorporation, USA. Unpublished.

Kvaternick, V. 1993g Method validation for avermectinB1 and its delta 8,9 Isomer in raw whole potatoes.Report 1313S-1. Analytical Development Corporation,USA. Unpublished.

Kvaternick, V. 1993h. Determination of the magnitudeof the residues of abamectin and its delta 8,9 isomerin/on the raw agricultural commodity field-grown headlettuce, from abamectin 1.8 EC applications by groundequipment in Spain. Trial 065-92-0001R. Report 1274-2. Analytical Development Corporation, USA.Unpublished.

Kvaternick, V. 1993i. Determination of the magnitudeof the residues of abamectin and its delta 8,9 isomerin/on the raw agricultural commodity field-grown headlettuce, from abamectin 1.8 EC applications by groundequipment in Spain. Trial 065-92-0002R. Report 1274-3. Analytical Development Corporation, USA.Unpublished.

Kvaternick, V. 1993j. Determination of the magnitudeof residues of abamectin and its delta 8,9 isomer in/onthe raw agricultural commodity greenhouse tomato fromabamectin 1.8 EC applications by ground equipment inThe Netherlands. Trials 070-93-0003R, 070-93-0004R,070-93-0005R, 070-93-0006R. Report 1259B-3. Project#1259B. Analytical Development Corporation, USA.Unpublished.

Kvaternick, V. 1993k. Determination of the magnitudeof residues of abamectin and its delta 8,9 isomer in/onpotatoes from abamectin 0.15 EC applications madewith ground equipment. Part of 618-936-3671. Trial001-92-5017R. Report 1313-2. Project #1313.Analytical Development Corporation, USA.Unpublished.

Kvaternick, V. 1993l. Determination of the magnitudeof residues of abamectin and its delta 8,9 isomer in/onpotatoes from abamectin 0.15 EC applications madewith ground equipment. Part of 618-936-3671. Trial001-92-5018R. Report 1313-3. Project #1313.Analytical Development Corporation, USA.Unpublished.

Kvaternick, V. 1993m. Determination of the magnitudeof residues of abamectin and its delta 8,9 isomer in/onpotatoes from abamectin 0.15 EC applications madewith ground equipment. Part of 618-936-3671. Trial001-92-5019R. Report 1313-1. Project #1313.Analytical Development Corporation, USA.Unpublished.

Kvaternick, V. 1993n. Determination of the magnitudeof residues of abamectin and its delta 8,9 isomer in/onthe raw agricultural commodity, potatoes fromabamectin 0.15 EC applied with paraffinic crop oil byground equipment. Part of 618-936-3671. Trial 001-93-

abamectin

0002R. Report 1313-4. Project #1313. AnalyticalDevelopment Corporation, USA. Unpublished.Kvaternick, V. 1993o. Determination of the magnitudeof residues of abamectin and its delta 8,9 isomer in/onthe raw agricultural commodity field-grown headlettuce, from abamectin 1.8 EC applications by groundequipment in France. Trial 066-92-0001R. Report 1274-6. Analytical Development Corporation, USA.Unpublished.

Kvaternick, V. 1993p. Determination of the magnitudeof residues of abamectin and its delta 8,9 isomer in/onthe raw agricultural commodity field-grown headlettuce, from abamectin 1.8 EC applications by groundequipment in France. Trial 066-92-0002R. Report 1274-7. Analytical Development Corporation, USA.Unpublished.

Kvaternick, V. 1993q. Determination of the magnitudeof residues of abamectin and its delta 8,9 isomer in/onthe raw agricultural commodity field-grown headlettuce, from abamectin 1.8 EC applications by groundequipment in France. Trial 066-92-0003R. Report 1274-8. Analytical Development Corporation, USA.Unpublished.

Kvaternick, V. 1993r. Determination of the magnitudeof the residues of abamectin and its delta 8,9 isomerin/on the raw agricultural commodity field-grown leafylettuce, from abamectin 1.8 EC applications by groundequipment in Spain. Trial 065-92-0003R. Report 1274-4. Analytical Development Corporation, USA.Unpublished.

Kvaternick, V. 1993s. Determination of the magnitudeof residues of abamectin and its delta 8,9 isomer in/onthe raw agricultural commodity field-grown leafylettuce, from abamectin 1.8 EC applications by groundequipment in Spain. Trial 065-92-0004R. Report 1274-5. Analytical Development Corporation, USA.Unpublished.

Kvaternick, V. 1994a. Determination of the magnitudeof residues of abamectin and its delta 8,9 isomer in/onthe raw agricultural commodity tomato, from abamectin1.8 EC applications by ground equipment in TheNetherlands. Trial 070-93-0001R. Report 1259B-1.Analytical Development Corporation, USA.Unpublished.

Kvaternick, V. 1994b. Determination of the magnitudeof residues of abamectin and its delta 8,9 isomer in/onthe raw agricultural commodity tomato, from abamectin1.8 EC applications by ground equipment in TheNetherlands. Trial 070-93-0002R. Report 1259B-2.Analytical Development Corporation, USA.Unpublished.

Kvaternick, V. 1994c. Determination of the magnitudeof residues of avermectin B1 and 8,9-Z avermectin B1in/on the raw agricultural commodity, potatoes, fromabamectin 1.5 EC applied with paraffinic crop oil byground equipment. Trials 001-92-0038R, 001-93-1004R, 001-93-1005R, 001-93-1007R, 001-93-5004R,001-93-5005R, 001-93-5006R, 001-93-7000R, 001-93-

7001R, 001-93-7002R. Report 1313-5. AnalyticalDevelopment Corporation, USA. Unpublished.Kvaternick, V. 1995. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues of avermectin B1 and 8,9-Z avermectin B1in/on the raw agricultural commodity, potatoes, fromabamectin 1.5 EC applied with paraffinic crop oil byground equipment. Trials 001-94-1017R, 001-94-1022R. Report #1461-1. Analytical DevelopmentCorporation, USA. Unpublished.

Kvaternick, V., Wertz, P.G. and Wilkes, L.C. 1993.Magnitude of the residue of abamectin and its 8,9isomer in/on the raw agricultural commodity pear andpear processing fractions. Report 1342-1. Project #1342.Analytical Development Corporation, USA. Part of 618-936-3057. Unpublished.

Kvaternick, V.J., Bentley, S.E. and Bache, B.K. 1995.Determination of the magnitude of residues ofavermectin B1 and 8,9-Z avermectin B1 in/on the rawagricultural commodity, potatoes, from abamectin 0.15EC applied with paraffinic crop oil by groundequipment. Trials 001-94-1017R and 001-94-1022R.ADC report #1461-1. Analytical DevelopmentCorporation, USA. Unpublished

Macarez, R. 1994a. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues and estimation of the degradation profile forabamectin and its delta 8,9 isomer in/on the rawagricultural commodity apples, from abamectinapplications by ground equipment in Spain. Trial 065-93-0005R. M.B.G , France. Unpublished.

Macarez, R. 1994b. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/on theraw agricultural commodity apples, from abamectinapplications by ground equipment in Spain. Trial 065-93-0006R. M.B.G , France. Unpublished.

Macarez, R. 1994c. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues of abamectin and its delta 8,9 isomer in/on theraw agricultural commodity apples, from abamectinapplications by ground equipment in Spain. Trial 065-93-0007R. M.B.G , France. Unpublished.

Macarez, R. 1994d. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues and estimation of the degradation profile forabamectin and its delta 8,9 isomer in/on the rawagricultural commodity apples, from abamectinapplications by ground equipment in France. Trial 066-93-0014R. M.B.G , France. Unpublished.

Macarez, R. 1994e. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues and estimation of the degradation profile forabamectin and its delta 8,9 isomer in/on the rawagricultural commodity apples, from abamectinapplications by ground equipment in France. Trial 066-93-0015R. M.B.G , France. Unpublished.

Macarez, R. 1994f. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues of abamectin and its delta 8,9 isomer in/on theraw agricultural commodity apples, from abamectinapplications by ground equipment in France. Trial 066-93-0016R. M.B.G , France. Unpublished.

48abamectin

Macarez, R. 1994g. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues of abamectin and its delta 8,9 isomer in/on theraw agricultural commodity apples, from abamectinapplications by ground equipment in France. Trial 066-93-0017R. M.B.G , France. Unpublished.

Macdonald, I.A., Gillis, N.A. and Flatt. 1994.Avermectin B1. Validation of a method for thedetermination of residual concentrations in apples.Report MSD 328/92104. Huntington Research Centre,England. Unpublished.

Macdonald, I.A., Gillis, N.A., Flatt, S.G. and Henning,S.M. 1994. Avermectin B1. Determination of totalresidual concentrations of avermectin B1 and its delta8,9 isomer in apples treated with abamectin during fieldtrials conducted in Europe in 1993. Includes trials 065-93-0005R, 065-93-0006R, 065-93-0007R, 066-93-0014R, 066-93-0015R, 066-93-0016R, 066-93-0017R,067-93-0004R, 067-93-0005R, 067-93-0006R, 067-93-0007R. Report MSD 329/942555. Huntington ResearchCentre, England. Unpublished.

Macdonald, I.A., Gillis, N.A., Howie, D. and Sutcliffe,S.J. 1995. Abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer.Determination of the magnitude of residues andestimation of the degradation profile for abamectin andits delta 8,9 isomer in/on the raw agriculturalcommodity apples resulting from abamectin applicationsby ground equipment in Europe. Includes trials 066-94-0003R, 066-94-0004R, 067-94-0005R, 065-94-0009R.Report MSD 345/950415. Huntington Research Centre,England. Unpublished.

Maudsley, J.S. and Clements, B. 1994. Avermectin B1:the validation of the analytical method for thedetermination of residues in lettuce. Report 453/7-1012.Hazelton Europe, England. Unpublished.

Morneweck, L.A. 1992. HPLC-fluorescencedetermination of avermectin B1 and its delta-8,9 isomerin apple processed fractions. Method no. 92-1. Merck &Co. Inc., USA. Unpublished.

Morneweck, L.A. 1993. HPLC-fluorescencedetermination of avermectin B1 and its delta-8,9 isomerin/on apples and apple processed fractions. Part of 618-936-AP. Trial 001-91-3000R. Study 93128. MerckResearch Laboratories, USA. Unpublished.

Nakagawa, M.C. 1992. Pear residue trial withconcentrate applications of abamectin 0.15 EC made bycommercial airblast orchard sprayer to determineresidue dissipation on whole pears and residue in pearprocessing fractions. Test 92.256. Plant Sciences Inc.,USA. Relates to 001-92-6017R. Part of 618-936-3057.Unpublished.

Nakano, O. and da Silva, R.A. 1994. The effect of 4weekly applications of 1.8% EC abamectin on thesubsequent residue of abamectin on potato. Report 015-94-9050R. University São Paulo, Brazil. Unpublished.Netherlands. 1996. Special Methods, part II. Pesticidesamenable to liquid chromatography, “AnalyticalMethods for Pesticide Residues in Foodstuffs”, 6th

edition. Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport, Rijswijk,The Netherlands.

Norton, J.A. 1993a. Magnitude of the residue ofabamectin and its 8,9 isomer in/on the raw agriculturalcommodity pear and pear processing fractions. Study618-936-3057. Trials 001-92-6016R, 001-92-6017R,001-92-6018R, 001-92-6019R. Hulst Research FarmsServices, Inc. Wm J. Englar & Associates, Inc. PlantSciences, Inc. Analytical Development Corporation.Agricultural Chemicals Development Services, Inc.Merck Research Laboratories. Unpublished.

Norton, J.A. 1993b. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues of abamectin and its delta 8,9 isomer in/onapples treated with abamectin 0.15 EC by airblastorchard sprayer. Project 618-936-AP. Trials 001-90-5016R, 001-90-5018R, 001-91-1021R, 001-91-1023R,001-91-1024R, 001-91-3000R, 001-91-6106R, 001-91-6024R, 001-92-0026R, 001-92-0027R, 001-92-1014R,001-92-1018R, 001-92-3020R, 001-92-6012R. Merck &Co, Inc., USA. Unpublished.

Norton, J.A. 1993c. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues of abamectin and its delta 8,9 isomer in/on theraw agricultural commodity potatoes from abamectin0.15 EC applied with paraffinic crop oil by groundequipment. Project 618-936-3671. Trials 001-92-5017R,001-92-5018R, 001-92-5019R, 001-93-0002R. Merck &Co, Inc., USA. Unpublished.

Norton, J.A. 1994. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues of avermectin B1 and 8,9-Z avermectin B1in/on cucurbits from abamectin 0.15 EC applicationsmade with ground equipment. Project 618-936-93127.Trials 001-91-1025R, 001-91-1026R, 001-91-1027R,001-91-6010R, 001-91-6011R, 001-92-0019R, 001-92-0020R, 001-92-0021R, 001-92-0029R, 001-92-0030R,001-92-1001R, 001-92-1019R, 001-92-1020R, 001-92-3014R, 001-92-3018R, 001-92-3019R, 001-92-6013R,001-92-6014R, 001-92-6015R. Merck & Co, Inc., USA.Unpublished.

Norton, J.A. 1995. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues of avermectin B1 and 8,9-Z avermectin B1in/on the raw agricultural commodity, potatoes, fromabamectin 0.15EC applied with paraffinic crop oil byground equipment. Study 618-936-93671. Merck & Co,Inc., USA. Unpublished

Oberwalder, C. 1997a. Determination of the magnitudeof residues for abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/onhops, resulting from abamectin applications by groundequipment in Germany, 1996. Study 96166/G1-FPHO.Trial G96014R. Sponsor protocol E-96-MK-936-HOP.Sponsor trial 072-96-0012R. Arbeitsgemeinschaft GABBiotechnologie GmbH & IFU Umweltanalytik,Germany. Unpublished.

Oberwalder, C. 1997b. Determination of the magnitudeof residues for abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/onhops, resulting from abamectin applications by groundequipment in Germany, 1996. Study 96166/G1-FPHO.Trial G96013R. Sponsor protocol E-96-MK-936-HOP.Sponsor trial 072-96-0011R. Arbeitsgemeinschaft GABBiotechnologie GmbH & IFU Umweltanalytik,Germany. Unpublished.

abamectin49

Oberwalder, C. 1997c. Determination of the magnitudeof residues for abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/onhops, resulting from abamectin applications by groundequipment in Germany, 1996. Study 96166/G1-FPHO.Trial G96015R. Sponsor protocol E-96-MK-936-HOP.Sponsor trial 072-96-0013R. Arbeitsgemeinschaft GABBiotechnologie GmbH & IFU Umweltanalytik,Germany. Unpublished.

Oberwalder, C. 1997d. Determination of the magnitudeof residues for abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/onhops, resulting from abamectin applications by groundequipment in Germany, 1996. Study 96166/G1-FPHO.Trial G96016R. Sponsor protocol E-96-MK-936-HOP.Sponsor trial 072-96-0014R. Arbeitsgemeinschaft GABBiotechnologie GmbH & IFU Umweltanalytik,Germany. Unpublished.

Palmer, W.H. 1990. Apple residue trial with diluteapplications of abamectin 0.15EC made by handgunspray equipment. Relates to 618-936-AP. Trial 001-90-5016R. ACDS trial 90144. Ag. Chem. Dev. Services,Inc. Unpublished.

Papa, G. and da Silva, R.A. 1994. The effect of 4weekly applications of 1.8% EC abamectin on thesubsequent residue of abamectin on potato. Report 015-94-9051R. UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Unpublished.Partington, K. 1996a. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues for abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/on theraw agricultural commodity apples, resulting fromabamectin applications by ground equipment in Spain.Trial 065-94-0009R. Project AP/2561/MS. AgrisearchUK Ltd. Unpublished.

Partington, K. 1996b. Determination of the magnitudeof residues and estimation of the degradation profile forabamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/on the rawagricultural commodity apples, resulting fromabamectin applications by ground equipment in France.Trial 066-94-0003R. Project AP/2555/MS. AgrisearchUK Ltd. Unpublished.

Partington, K. 1996c. Determination of the magnitude ofresidues for abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/on theraw agricultural commodity apples, resulting fromabamectin applications by ground equipment in France.Trial 066-94-0004R. Project AP/2556/MS. AgrisearchUK Ltd. Unpublished.

Piffer, R. 1997a. Determination of the magnitude of theresidues of avermectin B1 and 8,9-Z-avermectin B1in/on melon from abamectin 1.8% EC applications madewith ground equipment. Merck trial 015-93-0034R.Quimiplan, Brazil. Unpublished.

Piffer, R. 1997b. Determination of the magnitude of theresidues of avermectin B1 and 8,9-Z-avermectin B1in/on melon from abamectin 1.8% EC applications madewith ground equipment. Merck trial 015-93-0035R.Quimiplan, Brazil. Unpublished.

Piffer, R. 1997c. Determination of the magnitude of theresidues of avermectin B1 and 8,9-Z-avermectin B1in/on melon from abamectin 1.8% EC applications made

with ground equipment. Merck trial 015-93-0036R.Quimiplan, Brazil. Unpublished.

Prabhu, S.V. 1991a. Residue data in support ofregistration for the use of abamectin on apples. Relatesto 618-936-AP. Trial 001-90-5016R. Merck, Sharp &Dohme Research Laboratories, USA. Unpublished.Prabhu, S.V. 1991b. Residue data in support ofregistration for the use of abamectin on apples. Relatesto 618-936-AP. Trial 001-90-5018R. Merck, Sharp &Dohme Research Laboratories, USA. Unpublished.Prabhu, S.V. 1991c. A rapid HPLC-fluorescencedetermination of abamectin and its delta-8,9 isomer intomato. Method No. 91-1. Merck & Co. Inc., USA.Unpublished.

Prabhu, S.V., Varsolona, R.J., Wehner, T.A., Egan, R.S.and Tway, P.C. 1992. Rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for thequantitation of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer. J.Agric. Food Chem., 40, 622-625.Rickard, S.F. and Starner, V.R. 1992a. Abamectinmelon residue trials, France (1991). Summary of 066-91-0003R, 066-91-0004R, 066-91-0005R. Merck Sharp& Dohme Research Laboratories, USA. Unpublished.Rickard, S.F. and Starner, V.R. 1992b. Abamectinmelon residue trials, Spain (1991). Summary of 065-91-0003R, 065-91-0004R. Merck Sharp & DohmeResearch Laboratories, USA. Unpublished.

Rickard, S.F. and Starner, V.R. 1993a. Abamectinlettuce residue trials, France (1992). Summary of 066-92-0001R, 066-92-0002R, 066-92-0003R. MerckResearch Laboratories, USA. Unpublished

Rickard, S.F. and Starner, V.R. 1993b. Abamectinlettuce residue trials, Spain (1992). Summary of 065-92-0001R, 065-92-0002R, 065-92-0003R, 065-92-0004R.Merck Research Laboratories, USA. UnpublishedRickard, S.F. and Starner, V.R. 1994. Abamectincucurbit residue trials, Mexico (1989-1990). Summaryof 002-90-0011R, 002-90-0012R, 002-90-0013R, 002-90-0014R, 002-90-0015R, 002-90-0016R, 002-90-0035R, 002-90-0036R, 002-90-0037R, 002-90-0038R,002-90-0039R, 002-90-0040R, 002-90-0042R. MerckResearch Laboratories, USA. Unpublished.

Shields, R., Mai, L. 1996a. Residues of abamectin inapples. Trial 114-95-0001R. Report 96/3464. AnalchemBioassay, Australia. Unpublished.

Shields, R., Mai, L. 1996b. Residues of abamectin inapples. Trial 114-95-0002R. Report 96/3461. AnalchemBioassay, Australia. Unpublished.

Shields, R., Mai, L. 1996c. Residues of abamectin inapples. Trial 114-95-0003R. Report 96/3462. AnalchemBioassay, Australia. Unpublished.

Starner, V.R., White, S., Punja, N. and Rickard, S.F.1995. Abamectin apple residue trials. Europe 1991,1993 and 1994. Includes 065-91-0007R, 065-91-0008R,

50abamectin

profile for abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/on theraw agricultural commodity apples, from abamectinapplications by ground equipment in Italy. Trial 067-93-0004R. Study E-93-MK-936-AA. DocumentE/AA/S/93. Agri 2000, Italy. Unpublished.

Valli, F. and Bucchi, R. 1994b. Determination of themagnitude of residues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/on the raw agricultural commodity apples,from abamectin applications by ground equipment inItaly. Trial 067-93-0006R. Study E-93-MK-936-AA.Document E/AB/S/93. Agri 2000, Italy. Unpublished.Valli, F. and Bucchi, R. 1994c Determination of themagnitude of residues of abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/on the raw agricultural commodity apples,from abamectin applications by ground equipment inItaly. Trial 067-93-0007R. Study E-93-MK-936-AA.Document E/AC/S/93. Agri 2000, Italy. Unpublished.Valli, F. and Bucchi, R. 1994d. Determination of themagnitude of residues and estimation of the degradationprofile for abamectin and its delta 8,9-isomer in/on theraw agricultural commodity apples, resulting fromabamectin applications by ground equipment in Italy.Trial 067-94-0005R. Study E-94-MK-936-GV.Document E/232/s/94. Agri 2000, Italy. Unpublished.Wehner, T.A. 1992. HPLC-fluorescence determinationfor avermectin B1 and its delta 8,9 isomer in raw wholepotatoes. Method No. 936-92-4. Merck & Co. Inc.,USA. Unpublished.

065-91-0009R, 066-91-0016R, 066-91-0017R, 072-91-0004R, 072-91-0005R, 072-91-0006R, 074-91-0003R,074-91-0004R, 065-93-0005R, 065-93-0006R, 065-93-0007R, 066-93-0014R, 066-93-0015R, 066-93-0016R,066-93-0017R, 067-93-0004R, 067-93-0005R, 067-93-0006R, 067-93-0007R, 065-94-0009R, 065-94-0003R,065-94-0004R, 067-94-0005R. Merck ResearchLaboratories, USA. Unpublished.

Timm, G.H. 1992a. Pear residue trial with concentrateapplications of abamectin 0.15 EC made by commercialairblast orchard sprayer to determine residue dissipationon whole pears and residue in pear processing fractions.HRFS project 92217. Hulst Research Farm ServicesInc., USA. Relates to 001-92-6018R. Part of 618-936-3057. Unpublished.

Timm, G.H. 1992b. Pear residue trial with concentrateapplications of abamectin 0.15 EC made by commercialairblast orchard sprayer to determine residue dissipationon whole pears and residue in pear processing fractions.HRFS project 92214. Hulst Research Farm ServicesInc., USA. Relates to 001-92-6019R. Part of 618-936-3057. Unpublished.

Trainor, T. 1991. validation of: high-performance liquidchromatography fluorescence determination foravermectin B1 and its 8,9 isomer in cucumbers andmelons. Study HLA 6012-320. Hazelton LaboratoriesAmerica, Inc. USA. Unpublished.

Valli, F. and Bucchi, R. 1994a. Determination of themagnitude of residues and estimation of the degradation

Cross-index of report numbers, study numbers and referencesReports and studies are listed in alphanumerical order, and each is linked to a reference

#1259B Kvaternick 1993j#1313 Kvaternick 1993k#1313 Kvaternick 1993l#1313 Kvaternick 1993m#1313 Kvaternick 1993n#1342 Johnson 1993

#1342 Kvaternick et al 1993#1461-1 Kvaternick 1995#1461-1 Kvaternick et al 1995001-90-5016R Egan 1993001-90-5016R Norton 1993b001-90-5016R Palmer 1990001-90-5016R Prabhu 1991a001-90-5018R Egan 1993001-90-5018R Norton 1993b001-90-5018R Prabhu 1991b001-91-1021R Egan 1993

001-91-1021R Kvaternick 1992a001-91-1021R Norton 1993b001-91-1023R Egan 1993

001-91-1023R Kvaternick 1992b001-91-1023R Norton 1993b001-91-1024R Egan 1993

001-91-1024R Kvaternick 1992c001-91-1024R Norton 1993b001-91-1025R Egan 1994

001-91-1025R Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993a001-91-1025R Norton 1994

001-91-1026R Egan 1994001-91-1026R Norton 1994001-91-1027R Egan 1994001-91-1027R Kopish 1993001-91-1027R Norton 1994001-91-3000R Egan 1993

001-91-3000R Morneweck 1993001-91-3000R Norton 1993b001-91-6010R Celino 1993a001-91-6010R Egan 1994001-91-6010R Norton 1994001-91-6011R Celino 1993b001-91-6011R Norton 1994

001-91-6016R Kvaternick 1992d001-91-6024R Egan 1993001-91-6024R Hulst 1991

001-91-6024R Kvaternick 1992e001-91-6024R Norton 1993b001-91-6106R Egan 1993001-91-6106R Norton 1993b

001-92-0019R Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993b001-92-0019R Norton 1994001-92-0020R Egan 1994

001-92-0020R Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993b001-92-0020R Norton 1994001-92-0021R Egan 1994

001-92-0021R Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993b001-92-0021R Norton 1994

001-92-0026R Egan 1993

001-92-0026R Kvaternick 1993a001-92-0026R Norton 1993b001-92-0027R Egan 1993

001-92-0027R Kvaternick 1993b001-92-0027R Norton 1993b001-92-0029R Egan 1994

001-92-0029R Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993c001-92-0029R Norton 1994001-92-0030R Egan 1994

001-92-0030R Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993d001-92-0030R Norton 1994

001-92-0038R Kvaternick 1994c001-92-1001R Egan 1994

001-92-1001R Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993g001-92-1001R Norton 1994001-92-1014R Egan 1993

001-92-1014R Kvaternick 1993c001-92-1014R Norton 1993b001-92-1018R Egan 1993

001-92-1018R Kvaternick 1993d001-92-1018R Norton 1993b001-92-1019R Egan 1994

001-92-1019R Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993e001-92-1019R Norton 1994

001-92-1020R Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993f001-92-1020R Norton 1994

001-92-3014R Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993g001-92-3014R Norton 1994

001-92-3018R Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993d001-92-3018R Norton 1994

001-92-3019R Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993f001-92-3019R Norton 1994001-92-3020R Egan 1993

001-92-3020R Kvaternick 1993e001-92-3020R Norton 1993b001-92-5017R Kvaternick 1993k001-92-5017R Norton 1993c001-92-5018R Kvaternick 1993l001-92-5018R Norton 1993c001-92-5019R Kvaternick 1993m001-92-5019R Norton 1993c001-92-6012R Calkin 1992001-92-6012R Egan 1993

001-92-6012R Kvaternick 1993f001-92-6012R Norton 1993b

001-92-6013R Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993g001-92-6013R Norton 1994

001-92-6014R Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993f001-92-6014R Norton 1994

001-92-6015R Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993d001-92-6015R Norton 1994001-92-6016R Giannone 1992001-92-6016R Johnson 1993001-92-6016R Norton 1993a001-92-6017R Johnson 1993001-92-6017R Nakagawa 1992001-92-6017R Norton 1993a001-92-6018R Johnson 1993001-92-6018R Norton 1993a001-92-6018R Timm 1992a001-92-6019R Johnson 1993001-92-6019R Norton 1993a001-92-6019R Timm 1992b001-93-0002R Kvaternick 1993n001-93-0002R Norton 1993c001-93-1004R Kvaternick 1994c

abamectin

001-93-1005R Kvaternick 1994c001-93-1007R Kvaternick 1994c001-93-5004R Kvaternick 1994c001-93-5005R Kvaternick 1994c001-93-5006R Kvaternick 1994c001-93-7000R Kvaternick 1994c001-93-7001R Kvaternick 1994c001-93-7002R Kvaternick 1994c001-94-1005R Brown 1995001-94-1005R Englar 1994a001-94-1005R Johnson 1995a001-94-1006R Brown 1995001-94-1006R Johnson 1995a001-94-1007R Brown 1995001-94-1007R Johnson 1995a001-94-1008R Brown 1995001-94-1008R Johnson 1995a001-94-1017R Kvaternick 1995001-94-1017R Kvaternick et al 1995001-94-1022R De Foliart 1994001-94-1022R Englar 1994b001-94-1022R Kvaternick 1995001-94-1022R Kvaternick et al 1995002-90-0011R Celino 1992a

002-90-0011R Rickard and Starner 1994002-90-0012R Celino 1992a

002-90-0012R Rickard and Starner 1994002-90-0013R Kopish 1992

002-90-0013R Rickard and Starner 1994002-90-0014R Kopish 1992

002-90-0014R Rickard and Starner 1994002-90-0015R Kopish 1992

002-90-0015R Rickard and Starner 1994002-90-0016R Celino 1992a

002-90-0016R Rickard and Starner 1994002-90-0035R Hutton-Okpalaeke 1992a002-90-0035R Rickard and Starner 1994002-90-0036R Hutton-Okpalaeke 1992a002-90-0036R Rickard and Starner 1994002-90-0037R Hutton-Okpalaeke 1992a002-90-0037R Rickard and Starner 1994002-90-0038R Rickard and Starner 1994002-90-0039R Rickard and Starner 1994002-90-0040R Rickard and Starner 1994002-90-0042R Rickard and Starner 1994015-93-0034R Piffer 1997a015-93-0035R Piffer 1997b015-93-0036R Piffer 1997c

015-94-9050R Garozi and Piffer 1995a015-94-9050R Nakano and da Silva 1994015-94-9051R Garozi and Piffer 1995b015-94-9051R Papa and da Silva 1994015-94-9052R Akira and da Silva 1995015-94-9052R Garozi and Piffer 1995c065-91-0003R Celino 1992c

065-91-0003R Rickard and Starner 1992b065-91-0004R Celino 1992c

065-91-0004R Rickard and Starner 1992b065-91-0007R Blaschke 1992e065-91-0007R Starner et al 1995065-91-0008R Starner et al 1995065-91-0009R Blaschke 1992f065-91-0009R Starner et al 1995065-92-0001R Cenjor 1992a065-92-0001R Kvaternick 1993h

065-92-0001R Rickard and Starner 1993b065-92-0002R Cenjor 1992b

065-92-0002R Kvaternick 1993i

065-92-0002R Rickard and Starner 1993b065-92-0003R Cenjor 1992c065-92-0003R Kvaternick 1993r

065-92-0003R Rickard and Starner 1993b065-92-0004R Cenjor 1992d065-92-0004R Kvaternick 1993s

065-92-0004R Rickard and Starner 1993b065-93-0005R Macarez 1994a

065-93-0005R Macdonald et al 1994065-93-0005R Starner et al 1995065-93-0006R Macarez 1994b

065-93-0006R Macdonald et al 1994065-93-0006R Starner et al 1995065-93-0007R Macarez 1994c

065-93-0007R Macdonald et al 1994065-93-0007R Starner et al 1995065-94-0003R Starner et al 1995065-94-0004R Starner et al 1995065-94-0009R Macdonald et al 1995065-94-0009R Partington 1996a065-94-0009R Starner et al 1995066-91-0003R Celino 1992b

066-91-0003R Rickard and Starner 1992a066-91-0004R Celino 1992b

066-91-0004R Rickard and Starner 1992a066-91-0005R Celino 1992b

066-91-0005R Rickard and Starner 1992a066-91-0016R Blaschke 1992g066-91-0016R Starner et al 1995066-91-0017R Blaschke 1992h066-91-0017R Starner et al 1995066-92-0001R Kvaternick 1993o

066-92-0001R Rickard and Starner 1993a066-92-0002R Kvaternick 1993p

066-92-0002R Rickard and Starner 1993a066-92-0003R Kvaternick 1993q

066-92-0003R Rickard and Starner 1993a066-93-0014R Macarez 1994d

066-93-0014R Macdonald et al 1994066-93-0014R Starner et al 1995066-93-0015R Macarez 1994e

066-93-0015R Macdonald et al 1994066-93-0015R Starner et al 1995066-93-0016R Macarez 1994f

066-93-0016R Macdonald et al 1994066-93-0016R Starner et al 1995066-93-0017R Macarez 1994g

066-93-0017R Macdonald et al 1994066-93-0017R Starner et al 1995066-94-0003R Macdonald et al 1995066-94-0003R Partington 1996b066-94-0004R Macdonald et al 1995066-94-0004R Partington 1996c067-93-0004R Macdonald et al 1994067-93-0004R Starner et al 1995

067-93-0004R Valli and Bucchi 1994a067-93-0005R Macdonald et al 1994067-93-0005R Starner et al 1995067-93-0006R Macdonald et al 1994067-93-0006R Starner et al 1995

067-93-0006R Valli and Bucchi 1994b067-93-0007R Macdonald et al 1994067-93-0007R Starner et al 1995

067-93-0007R Valli and Bucchi 1994c067-94-0005R Macdonald et al 1995067-94-0005R Starner et al 1995

abamectin

067-94-0005R Valli and Bucchi 1994d070-93-0001R Geuijen 1993a070-93-0001R Kvaternick 1994a070-93-0002R Geuijen 1993b070-93-0002R Kvaternick 1994b070-93-0003R Geuijen 1994a070-93-0003R Kvaternick 1993j070-93-0004R Geuijen 1994b070-93-0004R Kvaternick 1993j070-93-0005R Geuijen 1994c070-93-0005R Kvaternick 1993j070-93-0006R Geuijen 1994d070-93-0006R Kvaternick 1993j070-93-0007R Clements 1995070-93-0007R Geuijen 1995a070-93-0008R Clements 1995070-93-0008R Geuijen 1995b070-94-0001R Clements 1995070-94-0001R Geuijen 1995c070-94-0002R Clements 1995070-94-0002R Geuijen 1995d072-91-0004R Blaschke 1992i072-91-0004R Starner et al 1995072-91-0005R Blaschke 1992a072-91-0005R Starner et al 1995072-91-0006R Blaschke 1992b072-91-0006R Starner et al 1995072-94-0005R Balluff 1995072-94-0005R Johnson 1995b072-94-0006R Balluff 1995072-94-0006R Johnson 1995b072-94-0007R Balluff 1995072-94-0007R Johnson 1995b072-94-0008R Balluff 1995072-94-0008R Johnson 1995b072-96-0011R Oberwalder 1997b072-96-0012R Oberwalder 1997a072-96-0013R Oberwalder 1997c072-96-0014R Oberwalder 1997d074-91-0003R Blaschke 1992c074-91-0003R Starner et al 1995074-91-0004R Blaschke 1992d074-91-0004R Starner et al 1995114-95-0001R Collett et al 1996

114-95-0001R Shields and Mai 1996a114-95-0002R Collett et al 1996

114-95-0002R Shields and Mai 1996b114-95-0003R Collett et al 1996

114-95-0003R Shields and Mai 1996c1259B-1 Kvaternick 1994a1259B-2 Kvaternick 1994b1259B-3 Kvaternick 1993j1274-2 Kvaternick 1993h1274-3 Kvaternick 1993i1274-4 Kvaternick 1993r1274-5 Kvaternick 1993s1274-6 Kvaternick 1993o1274-7 Kvaternick 1993p1274-8 Kvaternick 1993q1281-1 Kvaternick 1992a1281-10 Kvaternick 1993b1281-11 Kvaternick 1993e1281-2 Kvaternick 1992e1281-3 Kvaternick 1992b1281-4 Kvaternick 1992c1281-5 Kvaternick 1992d1281-6 Kvaternick 1993c

1281-7 Kvaternick 1993d1281-8 Kvaternick 1993f1281-9 Kvaternick 1993a1313-1 Kvaternick 1993m1313-2 Kvaternick 1993k1313-3 Kvaternick 1993l1313-4 Kvaternick 1993n1313-5 Kvaternick 1994c1313S-1 Kvaternick 1993g1342-1 Kvaternick et al 1993328/92104 Macdonald et al 1994329/942555 Macdonald et al 1994345/950415 Macdonald et al 19953671 Englar 1994b4035 Englar 1994a4035 Johnson 1995a4166 Arenas 1997a4167 Arenas 1997b

453/7-1012 Maudsley and Clements 1994453/8-1012 Clements 1995

6012-383 Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993b6012-384 Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993f6012-386 Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993d6012-389 Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993d6012-390 Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993d6012-391 Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993g6012-392 Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993f6012-393 Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993g6012-394 Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993g6012-395 Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993e618-936-3057 Giannone 1992618-936-3057 Johnson 1993

618-936-3057 Kvaternick et al 1993618-936-3057 Nakagawa 1992618-936-3057 Norton 1993a618-936-3057 Timm 1992a618-936-3057 Timm 1992b618-936-3671 Kvaternick 1993k618-936-3671 Kvaternick 1993l618-936-3671 Kvaternick 1993m618-936-3671 Kvaternick 1993n618-936-3671 Norton 1993c618-936-93127 Celino 1993a618-936-93127 Celino 1993b618-936-93127 Egan 1994

618-936-93127 Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993a618-936-93127 Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993b618-936-93127 Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993c618-936-93127 Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993d618-936-93127 Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993e618-936-93127 Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993f618-936-93127 Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993g618-936-93127 Kopish 1993618-936-93127 Norton 1994618-936-93671 Norton 1995618-936-94035 Brown 1995618-936-AP Calkin 1992618-936-AP Egan 1993618-936-AP Hulst 1991

618-936-AP Kvaternick 1992a618-936-AP Kvaternick 1992b618-936-AP Kvaternick 1992c618-936-AP Kvaternick 1992d618-936-AP Kvaternick 1992e618-936-AP Kvaternick 1993a618-936-AP Kvaternick 1993b618-936-AP Kvaternick 1993c

abamectin

618-936-AP Kvaternick 1993d618-936-AP Kvaternick 1993e618-936-AP Kvaternick 1993f618-936-AP Morneweck 1993618-936-AP Norton 1993b618-936-AP Palmer 1990618-936-AP Prabhu 1991a618-936-AP Prabhu 1991b

6411-105 Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993c8000 rev 3 Hicks 1992a8000 rev 4 Hicks 1992b8920 Cobin 198990144 Palmer 199091063 Hulst 199191-1 Prabhu 1991c92056 Giannone 199292-1 Morneweck 199292214 Timm 1992b92217 Timm 1992a92256 Nakagawa 199292321 Calkin 1992

93128 Morneweck 199393671 De Foliart 1994936-92-4 Wehner 199294086-FPHO Balluff 1995

96/3461 Shields and Mai 1996b96/3462 Shields and Mai 1996c96/3464 Shields and Mai 1996a96166/G1-FPHO Oberwalder 1997a96166/G1-FPHO Oberwalder 1997b96166/G1-FPHO Oberwalder 1997c96166/G1-FPHO Oberwalder 1997dAP/2555/MS Partington 1996bAP/2556/MS Partington 1996cAP/2561/MS Partington 1996a

D-1714-91-225-01-02B-08 Blaschke 1992iD-1714-91-225-01-02B-09 Blaschke 1992aD-1714-91-225-01-02B-10 Blaschke 1992bE/232/s/94 Valli and Bucchi 1994dE/AA/S/93 Valli and Bucchi 1994aE/AB/S/93 Valli and Bucchi 1994bE/AC/S/93 Valli and Bucchi 1994c

E-93-MK-936-AA Valli and Bucchi 1994aE-93-MK-936-AA Valli and Bucchi 1994bE-93-MK-936-AA Valli and Bucchi 1994cE-94-MK-936-GV Valli and Bucchi 1994dE-94-MK-936-HOP Johnson 1995b

E-96-MK-936-HOP Duchene and Goller 1997E-96-MK-936-HOP Duchene et al 1997E-96-MK-936-HOP Oberwalder 1997aE-96-MK-936-HOP Oberwalder 1997bE-96-MK-936-HOP Oberwalder 1997cE-96-MK-936-HOP Oberwalder 1997dF-1714-91-225-01-02B-01 Blaschke 1992gF-1714-91-225-01-02B-02 Blaschke 1992hF-93-23-NL-00 Geuijen 1993aF-93-23-NL-00 Geuijen 1993bF-93-23-NL-01 Geuijen 1994aF-93-23-NL-01 Geuijen 1994bF-93-23-NL-01 Geuijen 1994cF-93-23-NL-01 Geuijen 1994dF-93-23-NL-02 Geuijen 1995aF-93-23-NL-02 Geuijen 1995bG96013R Oberwalder 1997bG96014R Oberwalder 1997aG96015R Oberwalder 1997cG96016R Oberwalder 1997d

GB-1714-91-225-01-02B-19 Blaschke 1992cGB-1714-91-225-01-02B-20 Blaschke 1992dHLA 6012-320 Trainor 1991

HWI 6012-359 Hutton-Okpalaeke 1992aHWI 6012-363 Celino 1992aHWI 6012-368 Kopish 1992HWI 6012-373 Celino 1992cHWI 6012-375 Celino 1993bHWI 6012-376 Celino 1992bHWI 6012-377 Celino 1993a

abamectin

HWI 6012-379 Kopish 1993

HWI 6012-388 Hutton-Okpalaeke 1993aM-0071 Cobin 1995M-036 Johnson 1994aM-044 Johnson 1994b

MER/AVE/96091 Duchene et al 1997

MER/AVE/96092 Duchene and Goller 1997MERCK/967 Collett et al 1996

S-1714-91-225-01-02B-14 Blaschke 1992eS-1714-91-225-01-02B-16 Blaschke 1992f

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