CATTI翻译资格考试英语一级笔译实务考试真题

　　In December 2015, British publishing stood accused of

　　woeful blindness to diversity, and not for the first time, after　　World Book Night announced its titles, and none of the 15 bookswas

　　by a writer of colour. An apology was issued by organisers but a　　wider malaise had already set in, and along with it, thetroubling

　　feeling that WBN’s oversight was less an isolated incident andmore

　　a recurring pattern of exclusion that stretched across theliterary

　　establishment.

　　A report on the state of the books industry had been

　　published earlier that year by the development agency Spread the　　Word, which drew attention to how intransigently white,　　middle-class and male remained, from literary festivals andprizes

　　to publications and personnel.

　　The industry has been announcing strategies for change

　　since 2015. Publishing houses have rolled out paid internships,　　mentoring schemes and traineeships to attract socially

　　under-represented and BAME (black, Asian, minority ethnics)　　applicants on an unprecedented scale, as well as creating　　opportunities for women to move into boardrooms.

　　To name a few recent initiatives: Penguin Random House is

　　offering interest-free rent loans to draw more applicants from　　outside London and has set a company goal “for allnew hires andthe

　　books we acquire to reflect UK society by 2025 in terms of social　　mobility, ethnicity, gender, disability, and sexuality”. Harper　　Collins is launching programmes for BAME employees and thosetaking

　　long-term parental leave, while Hachette is encouraging diversity

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　　at an executive level in a mentoring scheme with board　　members.

　　Some schemes show promising signs. Penguin’s scheme

　　connects aspiring writers from socially excluded communities to　　agents, editors and authors, is helping to demystify these　　professions.

　　It appears to be a turning point for British publishing,　　and yet those who have been around for long enough feel aprofound

　　sense of disappointment because there have been mentorshipschemes

　　and initiatives before, yet the industry has always failed to　　maintain the diversity it achieves. And where some publishers　　continue to reach for “schemes” or blame blockages elsewhere inthe

　　pipeline, independent publishers have long been weavinginclusivity

　　into their lists without the need for formal targets or　　traineeships.

　　Margaret Busby, the writer and pioneering publisher,

　　regards the endeavour for better representation in publishing asa

　　Sisyphean struggle begun decades ago and still no closer to being　　won. Mainstream publishing, she says, is too institutionalised in　　its biases to be corrected by a few new authors or　　schemes.

　　In the 1980s she helped to found a group that campaigned

　　to diversify the industry. An article she wrote in 1988 posed　　questions that are still being asked today, such as: “What are　　publishers doing to make their companies a more accuratereflection

　　of their lists, readers and society?”

　　Decades later, “What’s happening now is more initiatives,”　　Busby says. “But the problem can’t be solved with

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initiatives.” She

　　believes the struggle for better representation in publishing isno

　　closer to being won.

　　There is overwhelming agreement among excluded communities

　　that systemic change can only happen when inclusivity is filtered　　upwards. There is not yet gender parity on boards, even though　　women outnumber men in the industry; a lack of social diversityis

　　one of its most stubborn problems.　　二、汉译英（中国商用飞机公司文化简介）

　　我公司是经批准成立，由国家控股的有限责任公司。我公司负责实施国家大型客机项目，统筹干线飞机和支线飞机发展，实现我国民用飞机产业化，主要从事民用飞机及相关产品的科研、生产、试验试飞，从事民用飞机销售及服务、租赁和运营等相关业务。我公司按照现代企业制度组建和运营，重点加强飞机研发设计、总装制造、市场营销、客户服务、适航取证和供应商管理等能力，走市场化、集成化、产业化、国际化的发展道路，将全力打造更加安全、经济、舒适、环保的大型客机。

　　大型客机是一个国家工业、科技水平的综合实力的集中体现，我公司作为世界民机大家庭的成员，将与客户、合作伙伴携手合作，致力于为客户提供更加安全、经济、舒适、环保的民用飞机，使更多的人享受航空科技成果，使人类进入一个安全性水平更高、飞行风险更低的新时代，一个“人与蓝天和谐相处”的新时代。

　　三、英译汉审校（Credit Suisse）

　　It’s hard to make claim that technology hasn’t improved

　　many facets of our everyday lives. Ordering lunch, calling a cab,　　and even managing your finances can be done instantly with asmart

　　phone. The unique algorithms powering these applications havefound

　　a way to process information more effectively, replacing　　error-prone human judgement in the decision making process.　　Technology has seemingly reached a point where people blindlytrust

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　　these unfamiliar algorithms to provide solutions to a range of　　problems both trivial and major. That dispassionate technology is　　weighing in on complex issues may not concern some, but a growing　　body of evidence suggests algorithms exhibit similar biases as　　humans.

　　Instead of replacing flawed human intuition, these tools

　　have been shown to reinforce some existing biases that afflict　　disadvantaged groups. This ringstrue in financial services where　　digital services continue to breach traditional banking

　　strongholds. Despite improving the number of global unbanked by5%

　　between 2011 and 2014, the global gender gap in account ownership　　remained unchanged at 7% over the same 3 year period, accordingto

　　the World Bank’s Global Findex Database. The disparity widens to9%

　　in developing countries, as women often face disproportionately　　higher hurdles to financial independence.

　　Part of the problem is that the complex mathematical

　　models behind today’s algorithms aren’t all held to the same　　ethical standard. It happens that a large proportion of software　　development and oversight is done by men. Though perhaps

　　unintentional, the potential for products to inadvertently adopt　　some bias or emotion increases.

　　The algorithms behind online lenders, for instance,

　　exhibit much of the same gender biases as traditional lenders.　　These new lending platforms are pulling in all kinds ofalternative

　　data such as purchase and browsing history, on top ofconventional

　　requirements of income, education, and residence, to determine a　　borrower’s creditworthiness. Many of these determinantsregularly

　　favor men despite a growing body of research that proves women

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tend

　　to save more and make more on-time loan payments.

　　As a result, women entrepreneurs still receive fewer and

　　smaller business loans with higher interests rates compared tomen.

　　This disparity in financing denies women an opportunity to makean

　　equal contribution to economic growth.

　　Of course, as finance and technology companies look to

　　expand, it would be unwise to go on ignoring potential human

　　biases. As women increase their roleas financial decision makers,　　this rings particularly true: Today women in the United States　　exercise control over $11 trillion, or 39% of the country’s　　investable assets.

　　One possible solution would be to make these tools more

　　transparent, though, for many fintech companies, moving to anopen

　　source model means losing their competitive advantage. In some　　cases, the tech has become so advanced that even the creatorshave

　　trouble understanding the implications of a machine’s decisions,in

　　which event women must play a greater role in the initial

　　development process. Technology and software is often designedwith

　　a clear bias towards its male developers, therefore hiring womento

　　lead product development teams would help move the needle in the　　right direction.

　　Although it’s still difficult to eliminate bias

　　altogether, designing diverse organizations with various racesand

　　genders increases awareness of these harsh realities. In fact, a　　recent report from Credit Suisse suggests having women involved

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in

　　the early stages of a project helps to limit bias and create more　　inclusive products. For one thing, they can help design products　　that take into account the distinct financial needs andpreferences

　　of women. Generally, digital financial services tend to neglect　　women’s tendency to save, invest in their children and family,and

　　develop a business.

　　四、汉译英审校 （在新加坡国立大学的演讲）

　　为了实现这个目标，我们将坚持全面建成小康社会、全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面从严治党的战略布局，坚持发展是第一要务，以提高发展质量和效益为中心，加快形成引领经济发展新常态的机制和发展方式，保持战略定力，坚持稳中求进，统筹推进经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设和党的建设。

　　为了实现这个目标，我们将牢固树立创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念。坚持创新发展，就是要把创新摆在国家发展全局的核心位置，让创新贯穿国家一切工作，让创新在全社会蔚然成风。坚持协调发展，就是要重点促进城乡区域协调发展，促进经济社会协调发展，促进新型工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化同步发展，在增强国家硬实力的同时注重提升国家软实力，不断增强发展整体性。

　　坚持绿色发展，就是要坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策，坚持可持续发展，形成人与自然和谐发展现代化建设新格局，为全球生态安全作出新贡献。坚持开放发展，就是要奉行互利共赢的开放战略，发展更高层次的开放型经济，积极参与全球经济治理和公品供给，构建广泛的利益共同体。坚持共享发展，就是要坚持发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享，使全体人民在共建共享发展中有更多获得感，朝着方向稳步前进。　　To achieve this goal, we will pursue a four-pronged

　　strategy of deepening reform, advancing law-based governance and　　improving Party conduct in an all-round way with the goal of　　finishing building a society of initial prosperity in allrespects.

　　We will pursue development as a top priority, with emphasis onits

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　　quality and efficiency. We will accelerate efforts to put inplace

　　systems, institutions and development models that boost economic　　development under new conditions. We will maintain strategic　　resolve, pursue progress while ensuring stability, and promote　　coordinated development of China's economy,

　　political system, the cultural sector, society, the environmentand

　　the Party.

　　To achieve this goal, we will follow the principles of

　　innovative, coordinated, green, open and inclusive development.To

　　pursue innovative development is to place innovation at the coreof

　　our national development endeavor and enable it to underpin all　　endeavors of the country and become a trend in the country.　　Coordinated development requires us to promote balanceddevelopment

　　between urban and rural areas and between economic and social　　development, and ensure balanced progress in promoting a new type　　of industrialization, IT application, urbanization andagricultural

　　modernization. It also means strengthening China's soft power as　　well as hard power and overall national　　development.

　　To achieve green development, we will follow the basic　　state policy of resource conservation and environmentalprotection,

　　pursue sustainable development, and promote modernization in anew

　　way that enhances harmony between human development and the　　preservation of nature. By doing so, we will contribute more to　　global ecological security. Open development demonstrates China's　　commitment to pursue the win-win strategy of opening-up, develop

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a

　　high standard open economy, take an active part in globaleconomic

　　governance and the provision of public goods, and build acommunity

　　of extensive common interests. Inclusive development means

　　development for the people, by the people and its fruits sharedby

　　the people. It means we must work hard to make all of our people　　benefit more from such development and eventually achieve common　　prosperity.

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