听昆虫唱歌

󱦫󰣒󱟽󰴀󰵣󱋚

󰖮󰑺󱇯󰪭鈴󰎕󱔤󰣔倫󰎕󰺫󰧯󱙤

󱉹󰑺󱇯󰪭鈴󰎕󰺫󰧯󱙤󰎕󱂓󰿴󲝶󰎕󰼙󲝴󰘯󰎕Brian Ridout

󱊴󰫞

󱂚󰡲󰵷󰗖󰨢󰣒󱟽󰔫󰘳󱅝󰕭󰻈󰫹󰫞󰤱󰙚󰳭󰎔󰚂󰚼󰚕󰛶󰞄󰠩󰿨󰴦󰛴󰦇󰎔󱊙󰣒󱟽來說󰨢󰪌󱅝󰫹󰫞󰤱󱓰󱠲󰎖不󰙵󱌟類󰤱󰣒󱟽󰵄󱄎󰶆󰠷不󰙵󰤱󰿜略來󱖁󰵓異󰢤󰤱󰥑󰖨󰎔󰚕󱂂󰝇󰧖󰣳󰤱󰘆󰥤󰎕利󰘴󰿇󰙠󰖱󰚤󱄮󰺏󰎕󰺘󱈘󰖏󱖂󰯛󰠺󰤱󱂚󱎠󰎕󱢤󰲬禮󰤢󰢨󰗐󱜢󰬃󰲛󰮒󰤱󱂚󱎠󰿛󰎔來󰜮󰖧異󰢤󰎔󱟶󰚼󱈒󰠩󰞣󰳝󱍖󰙌󰲻󰤱󰘾󰤱󰎖󰠡󱊔󰎔󰳈了󱟼󰎕󱝇󱜾󰡉󳄣󳊜󰿛󰿇󰗠󱥼亮󱜢󰬃󰤱󱏓󱟽󰘆󰎔󰚶󰪌󱅝󰚍󰤱󰣒󱟽󰺟󱄎利󰘴󱜢󰬃󰲛󰮒來󰙻異󰢤󱂚󱈒󱃤󱃠󰎔󰗐󱈒󰠩󰞣󰳝󰖗󰙌󰝠󰤱󰘾󰤱󰎔󰗽󰨢󰚂󰩡󱜢󰬃不󰴜󱥼亮󰮙󰛘󰢨󱁌󰗠󰔳類󰤱󱦫力󱒤󰻮󰎔󰛖󰵄󰹯󰢙略󰎖󰣒󱟽󰠩󰢍󰨢󰚕󰛶󰴀󰗠󰳯󰔳󰵣󱋚󰗐󰜮󰖧異󰢤󰡋? 󰝺󰬚󰕕󰫀󰗱󰗐󱞼󰱏󰩡󰮡󰳯󰿇󰬃󰎕󱐰󱚴󰿇󰬃󰎕󱊿󱚰󰿇󰬃󰎕󱏴󰯛󰿇󰬃󰡉󱏓󱓂󰿇󰬃󰿛5󱌟󰿇󰬃󰖱󰚤󰎖󰣒󱟽利󰘴󱏓󰗻󰤱󰖱󰚤來󰼈󰞄󰲻󰳝󰎔󱚌󱞚󰨢󰗱󰗐󰚯󰣋󰛞󰚕󰎔󱃣󰴀󰼉󰴀󰎔󰫞󰳖󰼉󰳖󰎖󰜀󰱒󱞚󰨢󱏓󰗻󱜢󰳈了󰱨󰖧來異󰢤󰕰󰘆󰎔󰚶󰮴󰕈󱄎󰠌󰛞󰕡󰤱行󱠋󱡜露󰎔󰖧來󰖚󱑅󰎔󰢨󱜢󰬃󱔡󰖚󱑅󱑓󱚵󰎔󰛖󰹯󰽴󱣑󰜮󰖧󰎖󰚂󰚼󰎔󱏓󰗻󰤱󰙵󰮴󰎔󰕈󰘘󱏁󰢭󱖜󵣆󰚍󰤱󰬅󱙠󰎖󰪝󰻑󵡢󰛞98年7󰖴1󰖲󰲦󰛟11󰖴29󰖲󰖷󰎔󰚇󰸣󰔲󰯽󰭶󰧛󰭶󰗠󰤱󱏓󱟽󰯽󰭶󰕭󰎔󰵞󰴲󰱨󱦫󰠩󰢨󱘣󰸓󰘾󱅯󰖵󱓜󰎕󳇯󱟽󰎕󰣠󱢓󰎕󰙁󱢓󰎕󱝇󱜾󰎕󳄣󳊜󰡉󱟼󰿛󰴀󱀑󰵣󱋚󰎔󰲳󰞣異󰢤󰤱󱊔󰤉󰎖

󱣂󱝶󱀲󰎚󰣒󱟽󰎕󰿇󰬃行󰩡󰎕󰿇󰬃󰖱󰚤󰎕󱝇󱜾󰎕󰝶󰺒󱋝󰖏󰎕󰖚󱑅

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󱂚󰡲󰵷󰗖󰨢󰣒󱟽󰔫󰘳󱅝󰕭󰻈󰫹󰫞󰤱󰙚󰳭󰎔󰚂󰚼󰚕󰛶󰞄󰠩󰿨󰴦󰛴󰦇󰎔󱊙󰣒󱟽來說󰨢󰪌󱅝󰫹󰫞󰤱󱓰󱠲󰎖不󰙵󱌟類󰤱󰣒󱟽󰵄󱄎󰶆󰠷不󰙵󰤱󰿜略來󱖁󰵓異󰢤󰤱󰥑󰖨󰎔例󰚕󰚶󰠄󱂂󱟽󰠠󰚶󱂂󰝇󰧖󰣳󰤱󰘆󰥤󰎔󱄎󰺘󱈘󰘚󰳐󰢨󱃿󱊆󰚆󱒌󰿛󰖱󰚤來󰲳󰞣異󰢤󰎔󰚕󱗑󰟡󰗘󰎙󰚶󰠄󰣒󱟽󱄎利󰘴󰿇󰙠󰤱󰖱󰚤󰎔來󰡉異󰢤󱁞行󱄮󰺏󰎔󱁞󰛖󱈒󰠩󰙌󰲻󰤱󰘾󰤱󰎔󰚕󱘛󰖾󱟽󰎙󰚶󰠄󰣒󱟽󱄎󰺘󱈘󰖏󱖂󰯛󰠺󰤱󱂚󱎠來󰜮󰖧異󰢤󰎔󰚕󱎿󰖚󱨀󱇌󰎙󰚶󰠄󱄎利󰘴󰲬禮󰤢󰤱󰖱󰚤來󰲳󰞣異󰢤󰎔󰚕󱚵󰕕󰲈󰎙󰚶󰠄󱂂󱟽󰦞󰨢利󰘴󱜢󰬃󰲛󰮒󰤱󱂚󱎠󰎔來󰜮󰖧󱎿󱟽󰎔󰚕󱝇󱜾󰿛󰣒󱟽󰎖󰠡󱊔󰎔󱄎利󰘴󰵣󱋚來󰜮󰖧󱎿󱟽󰤱󰣒󱟽󱌟類󰎔󰳈了󱟼󰎕󱝇󱜾󰡉󳄣󳊜󰿛󰿇󰗠󱥼亮󱜢󰬃󰤱󱏓󱟽󰘆󰎔󰚶󰪌󱅝󰚍󰤱󰣒󱟽󰺟󱄎利󰘴󱜢󰬃󰲛󰮒來󰙻異󰢤󱂚󱈒󱃤󱃠󰎔󰗐󱈒󰠩󰞣󰳝󰖗󰙌󰝠󰤱󰘾󰤱󰎔󰗽󰨢󰚂󰩡󱜢󰬃不󰴜󱥼亮󰮙󰛘󰢨󱁌󰗠󰔳類󰤱󱦫力󱒤󰻮󰎔󰛖󰵄󰹯󰢙略󰎖例󰚕󰎔󰣠󱢓󰚇󰞣󰳝󰮴󰘴󰗐󱄮󰺏󰤱󰮡󰱕󰿇󰬃󰤱󱙮率󰪌󱅝󰜅󰎔󰔳類󱣄󰗐󱦫見󰎖

󰣒󱟽󰠩󰢍󰨢󰚕󰛶󰴀󰗠󰳯󰔳󰵣󱋚󰗐󰜮󰖧異󰢤󰡋󰎛󰝺󰬚󰕕󰫀󰗱󰗐󱞼󰱏󰩡󰕀列󰼓󱌟󰿇󰬃󰖱󰚤󰎰Claridge, 2006󰎱󰎚

(󰔫) 󰮡󰳯󰿇󰬃󰎚󰚶󰤱󰣒󱟽󱄎󰺘󱈘󰟪󱧯󰨬󰔫󰺝󰛯󰤱󰝶󰺒󱞭󰳯󰎔來󰿇󰗠󱜢󰬃󰎔󱟶󰚼

󱂚󱈒󱄮󰺏󰲛󰮒󰎔󰚕󰲈󰕗󰡉󰣠󱢓󰎰󱉹1󰎱󱄎利󰘴󰱕󰤱󰝶󰺒󰮡󰳯󰎔󰿇󰗠󰯽󰡳󱙮率󰤱󱜢󰬃󰎔󰗐󰜮󰖧異󰢤󰎖󰽘󱆖󰚶󰔫󰟊󰳏󰬃󰎔󰚇󰴀󱋚󰮴󰎔󰚂󰩡󰢬󰿇󰗠󰤱󱜢󰬃󱍖󱎿󰲈󰤱󰮡󰱕󱙮率󰔫󱑌󰎔󰛖󰖧來󰔫󰕕󱆢󰤱󱂂󰲈󰻮󱟥󰎖

(󰔲) 󱐰󱚴󰿇󰬃󰎚󰚶󰠄󰣒󱟽󱄎利󰘴󰟪󱧯不󰙵󰺝󰛯󰤱󰯽󰖏󱋌󰺗󰎔󰪌󰕵󱐰󱚴來󰿇󰗠󱜢

󰬃󰎔󱍖󰕛󰼼󰾶利󰘴󰾶󰕨󰡉󰾶󰢐󱐰󱚴󰛖󰸂󰘳󰮙󰛘󱜢󰬃󰤱󰬺理類󰛿󰎖例󰚕󰎔󱝇󱜾󰎰󱉹2󰎱󰎕󳄣󳊜󰡉󱝄󰹥󰨢利󰘴󰦛󰱕󰪌󰕵󱐰󱚴󰿇󰗠󱜢󰬃󰎔󱓞󱟽󰦞󰨢󰗐󰧵󰟩󱍒󱆏󱍖󰦛󰱕󱐰󱚴󰿇󰬃󰎖

(󰔿) 󱊿󱚰󰿇󰬃󰎚󰚶󰠄󰣒󱟽󱄎󰗐󰟪󱧯󰤱󰨬󰔫󰺝󰛯󱊿󱚰󰚕󰚆󰫿󰿛󰠡󰗔󰤢󱔆󰛖󰿇󰗠󱜢

󰬃󰎖󰚕󰪦󰖻󱧗󱨁 (Xestobium rufovillosum)󰎰󱉹3󰎱󰗐󰖵󰞗󰩡󰬇󰎔󰟄󰬚󱄎󰚇󰖵󱙰裡󰝮󰚫󰹺󰚍󱙞󱈐󰎖󰚇󰞣󰳝󰤱󰽚󱁴󰎔󱎿󱂂󱧯󱄎利󰘴󱙰󰢨󰕕󱠳󱅸󱐳󱙞󱈐󰿇󰗠󱜢󰬃󰎔󰗐󰜮󰖧異󰢤󰦛來󰙌󰲻󰎖󰠡󰫎󰖮󰦋󰙼󰩡deathwatch beetle󰎔󰜛󰩡󰏈󰻴󰚽󱟽󰏉󰤱󱃠󰧸󰎔󰨢󰚂󰩡󰺍󱑌󰤱󱜢󱥼󰵄󰣍󱄆󰡙󰕭󰢪󰕗󰤱󰖃󰺝󱂚󰗠󰎔󰚂󰚼󰹯󱎁󰩡󰨢󱉃󰜫󰚽󰕋󰤱󱜢󰬃󰎖

(󰘄) 󱏴󰯛󰿇󰬃󰎚󰹺󰚍󰣒󱟽󱄎利󰘴󱏴󰯛󰿇󰬃󰖱󰚤來󰿇󰗠󱜢󰬃󰎔例󰚕󰳍󱈒󰗣󰽎󰗣󱜿

󱓖 ( Gromphadorhina portentosa)󰎰󱉹4󰎱󰚇󰞣󰳝󰖗󰟻󱗧󱑅󰔳󰮴󱄎󰿇󰗠󱏵󱏵󰤱󱜢󰬃󰎔󰼉󰨢󰵕󱆮󰺝󰯛󰖞󰘴力󰶈󰗠󰤼󰯛󰮴󰿇󰗠󰤱󱜢󰬃󰎖

(󰕶) 󱏓󱓂󰿇󰬃󰎚󰚶󰠄󰣒󱟽󱄎󰺘󱈘󱏓󱓂󰿇󰬃󰖱󰚤來󰿇󰗠󱜢󰬃󰎔󰚕󱟼󱄎利󰘴󰿇󰬃󰛜

󰤱󰝶󰺒󰚯󱜍󱍖󰣋󱠾󰎔󰠌󱏓󱓂󰮡󰳯󰸂󰘳󱜢󰬃󰎔󰙦󰺘󱈘󱆮󰺝󰤱󰙥󱏓󰿺󰎰󱉹3󰎱󰴲󱜢󰬃󰣋󰕕󰎔󰛖󰿇󰗠󱥼亮󱜢󰬃󰎖󱂂󱟼󱄎󰿇󱜢󰎔󰠠󰿇󱈒󰤱󰿇󰬃󱋌󰺗󰎔󰗊󰚇󱆮󰺝󰗱󰗐󰪎󰠩󰣔󱧩󰤱󰬃󱒣󱍢󰎔󱎿󱟽󰦞󰞲󰚶󰣔󱧩󰤱󰬃󱒣󱍢󰎔不󱄎󰿇󱜢󰎖

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󱉹󰔲󰎕󰪦󰖻󱧗󱨁利󰘴󱊿󱚰󰖱󰚤󰜮󰖧異󰢤

󱃙󰀲󰀯󰀡󰝀󱛳利󰒔󰟻󰪵󰨁󰭏

󰸧󰑀󱖂󰥣󰖎󰐇異󰜄

󱃙󰀳󰀯󰀡󱖧󱖞利󰒔󰟻󰪵󰏕󰣬󱊐󱔔󰸧󰑀󱖂󰥣

󱃙󰀴󰀯󰀡󰤆󰐛󱠷󱡡利󰒔󱄟󱔐󰐑󰔄󰖎

󰐇異󰜄󰀡

󱃙󰀵󰀯󰀡󰬭󱁲󰑃󰶮󰑃󱖟󱌶󰽮󰐰󱉔󰨻󰐑󰔄󰸧󰥣

󱃙󰀶󰀯󰀡󱅜󱙜󰸧󰥣󰔼󱆶󰸧󰥣󱄬󰳷󱐉

󱃙󰀷󰀯󰀡󱐞󰢪󰨬󱉺󰐜󱟶󱙜󱀎󰳽󰗎󰔋󰣬

󰦓󱃙󰀡󰾽󰎵󰞑󰓅󱈳󰹚󰀡

󰣒󱟽利󰘴󱏓󰗻󰤱󰖱󰚤來󰼈󰞄󰲻󰳝󰎔󱚌󱞚󰨢󰗱󰗐󰚯󰣋󰛞󰚕󰎔󱃣󰴀󰼉󰴀󰎔󰫞󰳖󰼉󰳖󰎖󰜀󰱒󱞚󰨢󱏓󰗻󱜢󰳈了󰱨󰖧來異󰢤󰕰󰘆󰎔󰚶󰮴󰕈󱄎󱡜露󰛞󰕡󰤱行󱠋󰎔󰖧來󰖚󱑅󰎔󰢨󱜢󰬃󱔡󰖚󱑅󱑓󱚵󰎔󰛖󰹯󰽴󱣑󰜮󰖧󰎖󰚂󰚼󰎔󱏓󰗻󰤱󰙵󰮴󰎔󰕈󰘘󱏁󰢭󱖜󵣆󰚍󰤱󰬅󱙠󰎖

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󰪭󰴏󱖂󰥃 Dr. David Marshall 󰪔󰟒󰎰Marshall & Hill, 2009󰎱󰿇󰷼󰎔󱖾󰩊󰚶󱌟獵󳄣 (Chlorobalius leucoviridis) 󱄎󱑓󰙏󰭣󱟼󰶜 (Cicadettini) 數󱌟󱎿󱟼󰚃󱚨󰙵󱌟󱂂󱟼󱣋󱃠󰙌󰲻󰢬󰿇󰗠󰤱󰣁󰱕󱜢󰎔󱟶󰚼󰜮󰖧󱂂󱟼󱈘來󰎔󰙦󰴲󰕰󰮢󰬇󰎖󰪔󰟒󱖂󰥃󰕈󰽘利󰘴󰺍類󱂂󱟽󰚇󱊙󱎿󱟼󰿇󰗠󱃤󰤱󰡅󰻦󱜢󰮴󰎔󱔞󰮴󰤱󰗐󰬇󰨐捻󰖫󰿇󰗠󲙟󲙟󱜢󱑓󱚵󱎿󱟼󰕰󰚃󱚨󱜢󰎔󰚫󰗤󰤱󱨃󱂂󱟼󰬆󱈘來󰎔󰠉󰳞󰚇󰗔󰟪󰕂󰎖

󰪭󰴏󰗣󰚠󰕕󱖂󰣾󱛍󰖉󰯀Marlene Zuk󰶒󰶄󰪔󰟒󱉸󱁷󰵕1991年󰲦󱁲󰡨󰪔󰟒󰭙󰧖󰚎󱆢󰭾󰤱󰔫󱌟󱝇󱜾 (Teleogryllus oceanicus)󰎰Tinghitella, 2008󰎱󰎔󰺍󱌟󱝇󱜾󰡉󰔫󰱳󱝇󱜾󰔫󱑌󰎔󱂂󱟽󱄎󱟶󰘷󱏓󰴀來󰼈󰞣󰲻󰳝󰎖1990年󰗖󰔫󱌟󰴬󰘳󱢓 (Ormia ochracea) 󰵕北󰪭󰩊󰔵󰥿󰭙󰧖󰚎󰎔󰛖󰞏󱧢了󰺍󱌟󱝇󱜾󰤱󰡎󱈎󰎖󰺍󱌟󰴬󰘳󱢓󰱨󱦫󰠩󱂂󱝇󱜾󰤱󱏓󱜢󰞄󰠩󰟄󰬚󰎔󰠀󰚇󱝇󱜾󰪹󰕂󰸂卵󰎔󱊏󰖏󰤱󰹧󱄎󱨵󰔵󱧯󰖃󰠷󰬇󰛖󰠌󰴬󰗌󰚽󰕋󰎖1990年󰗖󰘣󰽚󰤱󱓳󰨷󰿇󰷼󰚇󰗱󱃤󰭾 (Kauai Island) 󰕂󰚶󰳏󱈒30%󰤱󱇠󱌟󱂂󱝇󱜾󱔡󰠩󰴬󰘳󰎔󰜀󰙵󰮴󰕈󰿇󰷼󰚶不󱄎󱏓󰗻󰤱󰪡󱧢󰧀󱂂󱟽󰗠󰷼󰎔󰺍󱌟󰪡󱧢󱂂󱟽󰤱󰦛󰱕󰱕󰱧󱈈󰘓󰤴󰎔󱍖󱎿󱟽󰤱󰱕類󰛿󰎔󰚂󰩡󰾤󰤄󱏓󰗻󰛖不󱄎󱔡󰠩󰴬󰘳󱢓󰤱󰼛󱜢󰴬󰘳󰎖󰠩了2004年󰎔󰗱󱃤󰭾󰕂󰕢󰚶󰳏󱈒91% 󰤱󰺍󱌟󰪡󱧢󰧀󱂂󱟽󰎔󰜀󰡸󰘢󰹯󰴬󰘳󱢓󰔵󰥿󰤱󰠡󰗔󰭾󱚡󰤱󰙵󱌟󱝇󱜾󰎔󰦞󰕽󰨢󱄎󱏓󰗻󰤱󰘥󰵄󰧀󱝇󱜾󰎖󰚇󰿍󰿍󰤱20󰼓󰬡󰗈󰗖󰖃󰎔󰗱󱃤󰭾󰤱󱝇󱜾󰼉󰿇󰘳了󰚕󰚼󰣔󱧩󰤱󰞏󱧢󰎔󰕈󱨃󰝺󰬚見識󰠩󰖚󱖗󰤱力量󰎖

󱃣󱃣󰪎󰎔󰾤󰤄󰘥󰵄󰿇󰗠󱜢󰬃󰤱󱝇󱜾󰢨󰠡󰗔󰣒󱟽󰫞󰚕󰛶󱂉利󰤱󰞄󰠩󰗼󰔫󰗪󰡋󰎛󱣄󱈐󰟄󰬚󰣹󰡳󰫞󰔫󱔘󰕗󱅝󰙠󰽫󱂯󰎛󰪝󱖂󰭮󰿇󰷼󰎔󰾤󰤄󰴀󰵣󱋚󰢨󰚂󰱒󰺰󰛖󰴀󰵓不󰚓󱦫󰤱󱝇󱜾󰎔󱄎󰻮󱟥󰚇󱄎󱏓󰗻󰤱󱂂󱟽󰮲󰎔󰗐󱣯󱊲󱍊󱜢󰦛來󰤱󱎿󱟽󰎖󱧩󰙂󰣒󱟽󰩡了󱂚󰡲󰵷󰗖󰎔󱨃󰛞󰕡󰤱󰴗󰚂󰵓󰗐󱤉󱥛󱂚󰢭󰎔󰕈󰚶󰾤󰢬不󰘴󰠡󱄕󰤱󰖫󰩄󰎖

󱃙󰀸󰀯󰀡󰽮󱈳󰑛󰞑󰻢󱖧󱖞󱎁󰮌󰒓󱛳󰮌󰒓󰔶

󰎫󰇴不󰽮󱈳󰑛󰞑󰻢󱙝󰏸󰔶󰮳󰐰󰓸󰢲󰇶󰀡

󱃙󰀹󰀯󰀡󰽮󱈳󰑛󰞑󰻢󱖧󱖞數量󱡂󰏿󰇴󱈟󱖧

󱖞󰎨󰯗󰚙󰸄󰝤󱈳󰑛󰞑󰻢󱙝󰇶󰀡

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參󰛕󰖮󱣸

Claridge, M.,2006. Insect Sounds and Communication - An Introduction. In: Drosopoulos S, and M. Claridge, editors. Insect sounds and communication:

physiology, behaviour, ecology and evolution. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida. p. 3-10.

Tinghitella, R.M., 2008. Rapid evolutionary change in a sexual signal: genetic control of the mutation 'flatwing' that renders male field crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus) mute. Heredity 100: 261-267.

Marshall, D.C. and Hill, K. B. R., 2009. Versatile aggressive mimicry of cicadas by an Australian predatory katydid. PLoS One 4 (1): e4185.

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