新世纪大学英语Book1 unit5

(An Integrated English Course Book 2)

Ⅰ. Time: 6 class hours Ⅱ. Contents:

Listening and speaking

Section A: Why Character Counts Section B: Trust

Ⅲ. Suggested Timetable:

1. The first 2 periods for Section A

2. The next 2 periods for the exercises of Section A 3. The last two periods for Section B

Ⅳ. Aims and Requirements:

Section A: Why Character Counts

1. Let the students acquainted with some new words:

Consult, morale, stump, emerge, affair, obvious, conduct, constitute, inner, trait, dilemma, talent, figure, guideline, shift, motto, deceptive.，strength，generate，ingredient, confide. 2. Grammar review. Let the students get more familiar with how the relative pronouns or relative

adverbs are used to introduce relative clauses. Section B: Trust

1. Enable students to grasp the main idea of the tex

V. Focal Points and Difficult Points:

Section A: Why Character Counts

1. Analyze the structure of several compound sentences and comprehend them. 2. Learn to use conjunctions: as (means although); now that 3. Grasp several CET-4 key words

Section B: Trust

1. Ask students to retell the story

2. Review the relative pronouns and relative adverbs

Ⅵ. Suggested Teaching Procedure and Methodology:

Listening and Speaking: ( an interactive approach is introduced)

Section A Why Character Counts

1. Background Information:

Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson was the author of the Declaration of Independence, a principal leader in the American Revolution, and the third president of the United States. Jefferson was also regarded as a great political thinker and diplomat. The U.S. doubled its area in 1803 when he bought the territory west of the Mississippi, which was called the Louisiana Purchase. 2. Pre-reading Activities

Listen to short passage twice and answer questions ① What is the most basic moral values for Americans?

② Why did the turtle finally win the race ?

③ What other moral values are honored by Americans ? 听力原文：

Moral Values in America

Moral values are the foundation of American culture.

One of the most basic moral values for Americans is honesty. The well known story about ―Honest Abe‖ teaches this value clearly. While working in a store, young Abraham Lincoln once sold to a woman some goods to the amount of two dollars, six and a quarter cents. He discovered later that a mistake had been made, and that the store owed the woman the six and a quarter cents. After he had closed the store that night, he walked several miles in the darkness to return the small amount of money to her. Sometimes American honesty- being open and direct – can hurt people’s feelings. But Americans still believe that honesty is the best policy.

Another virtue Americans respect is perseverance. Remember the story about the turtle and the rabbit that had a race? The rabbit thought he could win easily, so he took a brief sleep. But the turtle finally won because he did not give up. When Americans have a hard time trying to do something, they are always encouraged to say, ―I think I can; I think I can.‖

Compassion may be the queen of American virtues. The story of the Good Samaritan

describes a man who showed compassion. On his way to a certain city, a Samaritan man found a poor traveler lying on the road. The traveler had been beaten and robbed. The kind Samaritan, instead of just passing by, stopped to help this person in need.

In no way can this brief description cover all the moral values honored by Americans. Courage, responsibility, loyalty, and many others are also honored. Moral values are very important in American culture - and, indeed, in any culture.

Answers:

① What is the most basic moral values for Americans? Reference key: Honesty.

② Why did the turtle finally win the race ?

Reference key: Because he did not give up.

③ What other moral values are honored by Americans ?

Reference key: Courage, responsibility, loyalty and many others. 3. Work on Section A

A) Structure of the Text ( a method of analyzing the text structure is employed) Part Ⅰ (para1—5) The bank president’s failing was one of character.

Part Ⅱ (para6—13) The author insists that what really matters for success is one’s character rather than one’s personality.

Part Ⅲ(para14—22) One can build character at any age with the inside-out approach and by admitting mistakes. One’s family provides a critical measure of one’s character and the opportunity to nurture it.

Part Ⅳ(para23—28) The bank president was forgiven by his wife and his employees after he admitted his mistake. He then began to find his own path to character.

B)Raise some questions to make students grasp some detailed information in the text (question and answer method is used) Part Ⅰ (para1—5)

What was wrong with the bank employees?

Key words:

The employees wouldn’t get rid of their pessimism about the company and their future no matter what incentives the bank president provided. They were suspicious and lacking in trust. Part Ⅱ (para6—13)

What is character made up of according to Stephen R. Covey? Key words:

Character is made up of those principles and values that give your life direction, meaning and depth, such as integrity, honesty, courage, fairness and generosity. Part Ⅲ (para14-22) How can we build trust? Key words:

Trust is built slowly over time in an infinite variety of circumstances. Part Ⅳ(para23—28)

Do you think the banks president is a good business executive despite his moral failure? Key words :

Yes, I think so. He did something wrong at first, but when he came to see the serious consequences caused by his moral failing, he was courageous enough to admit his mistake not only to his wife but also to all his staff members. As he was able to eventually restore his character, we should still regard him as a good executive. 4. Language Points

Part I (Para 1-5)

① Some time ago I was asked to consult for a bank …(line1)

consult: 1. v. ask for information or advice from sb. because it is their job to know sth. e.g. I’m not quite sure how to get there — I’d better consult a map.

2. v. discuss sth. with someone so that you can make a decision together

Why didn’t you consult me about this?

他们将就如何开展进行竞选活动进行磋商。

(= They are going to consult on how to launch the election campaign.) Patterns:

consult sb. about sth. consult with ② …a problem with employee morale. (line2)

morale : n. the level of confidence and positive feelings that people have, especially people who

work together, who belong to the same team, etc. e.g. A couple of victories would improve the team’s morale enormously.

长期的失业使得他精神不振。(=A long period of unemployment weakened his morale.) ③ I was stumped. (line10)

stump: v. if you are stumped by a question or problem, you are unable to find an answer to it

e.g. I’m completely stumped — how did she manage to escape? 我很为难, 简直不知如何是好。

(=I’m stumped: I just don’t know what to do.)

④ Finally, in more casual conversations, the truth emerged. (line11) emerge: v. 1) appear or come out from somewhere e.g. She emerged from the sea, blue with cold.

太阳从云朵后面钻出来。

(=The sun emerged from behind a cloud.)

2) if facts emerge, they become known after being hidden or secret Differences on the issues have emerged. 经彻底调查，总的情况明朗了。 (=After thorough investigation there emerged an overall picture.) Pattern: emerge from

⑤ …who was married, was having an affair with an employee. (line12)

affair: n. 1) a secret sexual relationship between two people, when at least one of them is married to sb. else

e.g. She’s having an affair with a married man.

(=He had an affair with his boss that lasted six years.)

2) things connected with your personal life, your financial situation, etc. e.g. She organizes her financial affairs very efficiently.

别理我，管好你自己的事。(=Leave me alone; mind your own affairs.)

CF: affair, business & matter 这些名词均含―事情‖之意。

affair含义较广，侧重指与你个人生活有关的事务。复数形式多指重大或较复杂的事务。 business通常指生意上的事情。

matter普通用词，着重指一件不得不考虑的或需要处理的事。 Exercise:

(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the three words above. 1. The minister deals with important _____. (=affairs)

2. Will you phone me back — it’s a _____ of some importance. (=matter) 3. Our firm does a lot of _____ with overseas customers. (=business)

4. Currently, there are fewer firms in _____ in the area than ever before. (=business)

5. Talking about the world’s problems is one thing, but solving them is another _____ altogether. (=matter)

6. What I do in my spare time is my_____. (=affair) 7. Alois denied any knowledge of the _____. (=matter)

8. Eventually they found a consultant they felt they could do _____ with. (=business) ⑥ It was obvious now that … (line14)

obvious : adj. easy to notice or understand

e.g. They have a small child so for obvious reasons they need money. It was obvious that I knew very little about it. ⑦ …was caused by his conduct. (line15)

conduct : 1. n. the way sb. behaves, especially in public, in their job, etc.

e.g. The club has a strict code of conduct.

2. v. carry out a particular activity or process, especially in order to get information or prove facts We are conducting a survey to find out what our customers think of their local bus service. 实验是由纽约的科学家们实施完成的。(=The experiments were conducted by the scientists in New York.)

Part Ⅱ(para6—13)

① …constitute your inner sense of what’s right and wrong…(line23)

constitute: v. if several people or things constitute sth., they are the parts that form it e.g. Women constitute about 10% of the parliament.

The under-18s constitute nearly 25% of the town’s population. CF: constitute, compose & consist 这些动词均含―组成，构成‖之意。

constitute正式用词，指由某些部分组成一个整体或构成某物的基本成分。在句中，主语表

事物的组成部分，宾语表示事物的整体。 compose 正式用词，多用被动态。指将两个或两个以上的人或物放到一起形成一个整体。 consist与of连用，指一个整体由几个部分组成，或由某些材料构成。 Exercise:

(Direction:) Fill in the blanks with the three words above, change the forms where necessary. 1. Seven days _____ a week. (=constitute) 2. The house ______ of six rooms. (=consists)

3. Such action ______ a felony (重罪). (=constitutes)

4. Water is _______ of hydrogen and oxygen. (=composed)

5. That area’s future weather pattern might _____ of long dry periods. (=consist)

② …constitute your inner sense of what’s right and wrong …(line23) inner : adj.

1) inner thoughts or feelings are ones that you feel strongly but do not always show to other

people

e.g. Sarah seemed to have a profound sense of inner peace. 2) on the inside or close to the centre of sth.

e.g. Few people ever managed to penetrate the star’s inner sanctum.

Leading off the main hall is a series of small inner rooms. ③ They include such traits as integrity, …(line26) trait: n. (formal) a particular quality in sb’s character e.g. His sense of humor is one of his good traits.

他有个不大讨人喜欢的特点，就是爱当众责备孩子。 (=One of his less attractive traits is criticizing his child in public.)

④ This question demonstrates a dilemma of our modern life. (line32)

dilemma: n. a situation in which it is very difficult to decide what to do, because all the choices

seem equally good or equally bad e.g. The President is clearly in a dilemma about / over how to tackle the crisis. 医生面临的困境是要不要把事情的告诉病人。The dilemma the doctor faced was whether he should tell the patient the truth. Collocations: be in a dilemma faced with the dilemma placed…in a dilemma

⑤ …that the only things we need for success are talent, energy and personality. (line34) talent: n. a natural ability to do sth. well

e.g. Her talent for music showed at an early age.

(=His artistic talents were wasted in his boring job.)

NB: talent 的形容词形式为―talented‖ 意为―有天赋的；有才干的‖。

CF： genius, talent , gift & ability

这些名词均可表示人的―能力，才能‖之意。

genius 语气最强，指天生的才能与智力。

talent 着重指一个某方面具有可发展和培养的突出天赋才能，但语意比genius弱。 gift 着重指一种天生的能力。

ability 普通用词，指人先天的或学来的各种能力。 Exercise:

(Direction:) Fill in the blanks with the four words above. 1. We found him work more suited to his ______. (=abilities) 2. Bill possesses a remarkable ______ for music. (=talent) 3. He is hard-working and able, but no _____. (=genius) 4. He has many outstanding _____. (=gifts) 5. Her _____ are well known. (=talents)

6. He has the _____ to do the work. (=ability)

7. She has always been able to learn languages easily; it’s a _____. (=gift) ⑥ Such eminent figures as Benjamin Franklin and …(line36) figure：n.

1) sb. who is important or famous in some way

e.g. Several leading figures resigned from the party.

2) sb. with a particular type of appearance or character, especially when they are far away or difficult to see

e.g.我看见黑暗中有个人影走近。

(=I saw a figure approaching in the darkness.)

⑦ …and happiness by making character the guideline of our lives. (line39) guideline：n. rules or instructions about the best way to do sth.

* The EU has issued guidelines on appropriate levels of pay for part-time manual workers. 现在的道德标准不像以前那么明确了。

(=Today the moral guidelines are less obvious than they were before.)

⑧ …the basic view of success shifted to what we could call the personality ethic. (line41) shift: v.

1) if sb.’s opinions, beliefs, etc. shift, they change

e.g. Public opinion was beginning to shift to the right.

He refused to shift his ground.

2) make sb. else responsible for sth., especially for sth. bad that has happened e.g. Don’t try to shift the responsibility onto others: you must do the job yourself. 3) move from one place or position to another, or make sth. do this e.g. Joe listened, shifting uncomfortably from one foot to another. CF: shift , move, transfer & remove

这些动词均可表示―从一处移往另一处‖之意。 shift 侧重位置与方向的改变。

move 普通用词，指从一处到另一外的任何距离的转移。

transfer 一般表示转送或移交，尤指交通运输中的换乘或职务的调动等。 remove 作―移动‖解时，与move可换用，另外还可指撤职或开除学藉等。 Exercise:

(Direction:) Fill in the blanks with the four words above, change the forms where necessary. 1. The chief of police was _____ for failing to do his duty. (=removed) 2. Media attention ______ recently onto environmental issues. (=has shifted)

3 Will you help me _____ this table to the back room? (=move)

4. I thought I could hear someone ______ about / around upstairs. (=moving) 5. She _____ her weight uneasily from one foot to the other. (=shifted) 6. The men came to _____ the rubbish from the backyard. (=remove) 7. We ______ from one bus into another. (=were transferred)

⑨ Some of that philosophy expressed itself with harmless but superficial mottoes,…(line47) motto: n. a short sentence or phrase giving a rule on how to behave, which expresses the aims or

beliefs of a person, school, or institution e.g. Her motto is ―Work hard, play hard‖. ―Be prepared‖ is the motto of the boy scouts.

⑩ Other ideas were even deceptive,…(line49)

deceptive: adj. sth. that is deceptive seems to be one thing but is in fact very different

It’s deceptive — from the outside, the building looks small, but inside, It’s quite big.

(=Appearances are often deceptive.) Part Ⅲ(para14-22)

①…your ability to develop character strength in more important spheres will grow. (line69) strength: n. the quality of being brave or determined in dealing with difficult or unpleasant situations

e.g. He showed great strength of character when he refused to accept the bribes. (=Admitting you’ve made a mistake is a sign of strength, not weakness.) ② …who generates love, generosity, dependability and trust. (line75) generate: v.

1) produce or cause sth.

e.g. Her latest film has generated a lot of interest. 新的发展将创造许多新岗位。 (=The new development will generate many new jobs.) 2) produce heat, electricity, or another form of energy

e.g. Wind turbines generate electricity for the local community.

③ There’s no more essential ingredient for character growth than trust. (line76) ingredient: n.

1) a quality you need to achieve sth.

Mental illness and detachment from society are the ingredients of suicide. 信任是幸福婚姻的要素。(=Trust is a vital ingredient in a happy marriage.) 2) one of the foods that you use to make a particular food or dish e.g. The list of ingredients included 250g of almonds.

将原料放在盆里调匀。 (=Mix all the ingredients in a bowl.) Collocations:

basic ingredient principal ingredient

Part Ⅳ(para23—28)

① When I confided to him what I knew of his affair and the effect it was having on his staff, …(line95)

confide: v. tell sb. you trust about personal things that you do not want other people to know e.g. He confided his innermost secrets to her.

他向我透露说他坐过五年牢。(=He confided to me that he had spent five years in prison.) Section B

Trust

1. Ask students to finish reading Text B in ten minutes and doing exercises on page 115. 2. Structure of the Text

Part 1(para.1-2): Last night I was driving alone along an open highway, but I still obeyed the traffic rules.

Part2 (paras.3-10): Trust is very essential for all of us.

Part3 (paras.11): I was proud of being a person worthy of trust. 4. Languages Points: Part I (Para 1-2)

① …, and I was clinching my fists with impatience. (line7) clinching my fists: 握紧了拳头

e.g. Hearing the bad news, he clinched his fists angrily. Part2 (paras.3-10)

① I started wondering why I refused to run the red light. (line16) run the red light: 闯红灯

e.g. When you run a red light, you will definitely be fined. ② …that disapproved of it than…(line27) disapproved of:. 不同意

e.g. Her family strongly disapproved of her wild behavior.

③ The whole thing we have going for us would fall apart…(line36) fall apart: vt. 崩溃(瓦解,破裂,破碎) e.g. Their marriage finally falls apart. ④ …who was faked the books…(line35)

fake:. n. 假货,欺蹒adj. 假的v. 假造,仿造

e.g. Don’t fake your school report; you cannot get away with it. Part3 (paras.11)

① …; and inasmuch as no one would ever…(line75)

inasmuch as:. conj. 由于,因为

e.g. He was a very unusual musician inasmuch as he was totally deaf.

Section C Exercises and Grammar Review

1. Ask the students to finish the exercises from page168-175. 2. Check on the answers Grammar review:. 先行词 表示人 主语 宾语 关系词在定语从句中充当的成分 介词宾语 定语 表语 宾语补助语 as, which 状语 who, that, whom, that, whom whose (= who, as 表示物 as, who of whom) which whose (= that, which, which of which) as when, that, 介词+which where, that, 介词+which why, that, for which that, in which that, which, that, which, which as as 表示时间 表示地点 表示原因 表示方式