Matlab数据可视化(命令与示例)

1. plot(Y) ................................................................................................................................................ 2 2. plot(X,Y) ............................................................................................................................................ 2 3. plot(X,Y,LineSpec) ............................................................................................................................ 2 4. ezplot(f) .............................................................................................................................................. 3 5. ezplot(f,[min,max]) ............................................................................................................................. 3 6. ezplot(f,[xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax]) ................................................................................................... 4 【三维图形绘制】 ........................................................................................................................................ 4

1. plot3(X,Y,Z) / plot3(X,Y,Z,LineSpec) .............................................................................................. 4 2. [X, Y] = meshgrid(x,y) ....................................................................................................................... 5 3. mesh/surf ............................................................................................................................................ 5 4. ezplot3(x,y,z) / ezplot(x,y,z,[tmin, tmax]) .......................................................................................... 6 5. ezmesh(f) / ezsurf(f) ........................................................................................................................... 6 6. ezmeshc / ezsurfc ................................................................................................................................ 7 【特殊图形绘制】 ........................................................................................................................................ 7

1. 二维条形图：bar(x,y) / barh(x,y) ............................................................................................... 7 2. 三维条形图bar3 / bar3h ............................................................................................................... 8 3. 填充图：area(Y) / area(X,Y) ....................................................................................................... 8 4. 饼图：pie(x) / pie3(x) .................................................................................................................... 9 5. 直方图：hist(y)................................................................................................................................. 9 6. 离散数据图形：stem(x,y) / stairs(x,y) / stem3(x,y,z) ...............................................................10 7. 等值线图：contour(x,y,z,n) .........................................................................................................10 8.等值线图（符号函数）： ezcontour(f, domain,n) / ezcontourf(f,domain,n) ...................11 9. 矢量图：quiver(x,y,u,v) ................................................................................................................11

【二维图形绘制】

1. plot(Y)

Y为向量，实数矩阵

在命令窗口输入下面命令： x = [-3:0.2:3];

y = 1/sqrt(2*pi)*exp(-1/2*x.^2); plot(y) 0.40.350.30.250.20.150.10.05005101520253035 2. plot(X,Y)

X和Y可以为向量或矩阵 x = [-3:0.2:3];

y = 1/sqrt(2*pi)*exp(-1/2*x.^2); plot(x,y) 0.40.350.30.250.20.150.10.050-3-2-10123 3. plot(X,Y,LineSpec)

LineSpec参数包括线条的形状、颜色和点的形状、颜色（见下表）。

x = [-3:0.2:3];

y = 1/sqrt(2*pi)*exp(-1/2*x.^2); plot(x,y,'r*') 0.40.350.30.250.20.150.10.050-3

-2-10123 4. ezplot(f)

f为符号表达式 syms x;

f = cos(x); ezplot(f); cos(x)10.50-0.5-1-6-4-20x246 5. ezplot(f,[min,max])

syms x y;

ezplot(x^2-y^4,[-4,4]);

x2-y4 = 043210-1-2-3-4-4y-3-2-10x1234 6. ezplot(f,[xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax])

syms x y;

ezplot(x^2-y^4,[-4,4,-2,2]); x2-y4 = 021.510.50-0.5-1-1.5-2-4y-3-2-10x1234 【三维图形绘制】

1. plot3(X,Y,Z) / plot3(X,Y,Z,LineSpec)

X,Y, Z为向量或矩阵

在命令窗口输入下面命令： t = 0:pi/50:10*pi;

plot3(sin(t),cos(t),t); grid on

40302010010.50-0.5-1-1-0.50.501 2. [X, Y] = meshgrid(x,y)

将向量x和y转化为矩阵，X为x的行的复制，Y为y的列的复制 x = [-3:3]; y = x;

[X,Y] = meshgrid(x,y)

X =

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 Y =

-3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

3. mesh/surf

绘制网格图和表面图。

[X,Y] = meshgrid([-1:0.1:1]); Z = X.^2+Y.^2;

subplot(1,2,1);mesh(X,Y,Z); subplot(1,2,2);surf(X,Y,Z);

4. ezplot3(x,y,z) / ezplot(x,y,z,[tmin, tmax])

绘制参数方程x = x(t), y = y(t), z = z(t)图像 syms t;

x = cos(t); y = sin(t); z = t;

ezplot3(x,y,z,[0,6*pi]); x = cos(t), y = sin(t), z = t2015z105010.50-0.5y-1-1-0.5x0.501 5. ezmesh(f) / ezsurf(f)

syms x y;

z = x*exp(-x^2-y^2);

subplot(1,2,1);ezmesh(z); subplot(1,2,2);ezsurf(z);

6. ezmeshc / ezsurfc

在绘制三维曲面的同时绘制等值线 syms x y;

z = x*exp(-x^2-y^2);

subplot(1,2,1);ezmeshc(z); subplot(1,2,2);ezsurfc(z);

【特殊图形绘制】

1. 二维条形图：bar(x,y) / barh(x,y)

绘制纵向或横向的二维柱状图。

x为横坐标（可省），计算y每行值显示为纵坐标； 在命令窗口输入下面命令： A = rand(5,3)*10;

subplot(1,2,1);bar(A); subplot(1,2,2);barh(A);

10987654321012345105102345 2. 三维条形图bar3 / bar3h

纵向或横向的三维柱状图 A = rand(5,3)*10;

subplot(1,2,1);bar3(A); subplot(1,2,2);bar3h(A);

3. 填充图：area(Y) / area(X,Y)

填充图，Y矩阵的每一列为一条曲线，并填充曲线间的区域。 A = rand(3,3)*10;

subplot(1,2,1);area(A);

subplot(1,2,2);area([1 2 5],A);

252520201515101055011.522.53012345 4. 饼图：pie(x) / pie3(x)

绘制x的二维和三维饼状图，x的每个元素占有一个扇形 x = [2.5 3.1 1.9];

subplot(1,2,1);pie(x); subplot(1,2,2);pie3(x); 25%33%33%41%25%41% 5. 直方图：hist(y)

绘制直方图

x = randn(1000,1);

subplot(1,2,1);hist(x); subplot(1,2,2);hist(x,8);

25030020025020015015010010050500-4-20240-4-2024

6. 离散数据图形：stem(x,y) / stairs(x,y) / stem3(x,y,z)

二维离散图形、二维阶跃图形、三维离散图形 x = [0:10:360]*pi/180; y = sin(x);

subplot(2,2,1);plot(x,y); subplot(2,2,2);stem(x,y); subplot(2,2,3);stairs(x,y); t = 0:0.1:10; s = 0.1+i;

y = exp(-s*t);

subplot(2,2,4);stem3(real(y),imag(y),t); 10.50-0.5-110.50-0.5-1024680246810.50-0.5-110501002468-1-101 7. 等值线图：contour(x,y,z,n)

绘制二维等值线

n = [-2:0.2:2];

[X,Y,Z] = peaks(n); contour(X,Y,Z,10); 21.510.50-0.5-1-1.5-2-2-1.5-1-0.500.511.52 绘制符号函数的等值线。 绘制函数

8.等值线图（符号函数）： ezcontour(f, domain,n) / ezcontourf(f,domain,n)

f(x,y)3(1x)2ex2(y1)2syms x y;

f = 3*(1-x)^2*exp(-(x^2)-(y+1)^2)... -10*(x/5-x^3-y^5)*exp(-x^2-y^2)... -1/3*exp(-(x+1)^2-y^2);

subplot(1,2,1);ezcontour(f,[-3,3],49);title('contour');

subplot(1,2,2);ezcontourf(f,[-3,3],49); title('filled contour'); contour33filled contour2222x110(x3y5)exye(x1)y

53221100y-1y-20x2-1-2-2-3-3-20x2 9. 矢量图：quiver(x,y,u,v)

绘制矢量像(x,y)是坐标，(u,v)是待绘制的矢量

n = [-2:0.2:2];

[X,Y,Z] = peaks(n); contour(X,Y,Z,10);

[U, V] = gradient(Z, 0.2); hold on

quiver(X,Y,U,V); contour321.52110.500-0.5-1-1-2-1.5-3-2-2y-20x2-1012