2011-2013英语高考7选5

Public Speaking Training ·Get a coach

1． ，so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training that's right for you. ·Focus on positives Any training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well. Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you aren't doing well. 2． , so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn't do.

If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it's going to give you lots of dos and don'ts, 3．walk away! Your brain is so full of what you're going to be talking about.

4． . As far as we're concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking. Your audience can be your friends. ·You are a special person not a clone

Most importantly, good public speaking training should treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits. 5． . Your training course should help you bring out your personality, not try to turn you into someone you're not.

A. You aren't like anybody else B. You already do lots of things well C. Turn your back on too many rules D. Check the rules about dos and don'ts

E. Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough F .The one thing you don't want is for them to fall asleep

G. So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse

【答案】 1．E 2．B 3．C 4．G 5．A 【解析】

【小题1】 根据下一句的ready to offer you public speaking training and courses可知，开头说的是与public speaking有关的问题，故选E。

【小题2】 根据第一句中的focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well可知，演讲要集中在自己所做过的成功的事情上，故选B。

【小题3】 本段第一句中提到...lots of dos and don'ts, walk away!如果有的培训讲太多的条条框框的话，最好不要理会这样的培训，故选C。

【小题4】根据上一句Your brain is so full of what you're going to be talking about.可知，给大脑灌输一套规则会使事情变得更糟。故选G。 【小题5】 根据treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits可知，本段讲的是“与

众不同”，故选A。

2013年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语（新课标I卷带解析）

Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most business seek to make a profit(利润) - that aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 6． Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. 7． .

Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. 8． One is the establishment (制定)of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. 9． The third relates to the establishment of standards of word in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision(监管)and guidance by the management in authority. 10．

A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.

B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.

C. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.

D. However, some businesses only seek to enough to cover their operating costs E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments. F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects. G Planning in business management has three main aspects.

【答案】 6．D 7．C 8．G 9．E 10．A 【解析】

6．根据后文Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers可知：被普遍认为是非营利组织。所以，上文应该与其内容一致。D项：然而，一些公司只挣足够的钱来满足基本的经营费用。这说明它们不赚钱。这与后文内容相符。此处however也是关键词，其前讲得是盈利活动，其后是非盈利公司活动。 7．前文提到非盈利公司，下文举例说明哪些是非盈利组织。

8．第二段的第一句是总述，接下来从三方面进行分述the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business。按顺序先说planning。

9．根据上文“经营管理计划有三个方面” 可知，这里谈得是第二方面。下文是The third. . . 10．根据前文可知三个方面讲了两个方面了，接下来是第三个方面。即control of the operations of a business。故选A。

2013年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语（辽宁卷带解析）

Forgiveness

To forgive is a virtue,but no one has ever said it is easy.When someone has deeply hurt you,it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate.However,forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial

to your physical and mental health.People who forgive show less sadness,anger and stress and more hopefulness,according to a recent research.

11． Try the following steps.

Calm yourelf. 12． You can take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature or someone you love.

Don’t wait for an apology.Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don’t see things the same way. _13．__Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.

Take the control away from your offender(冒犯者).Rethinking about your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain.Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings,learn to look for the help,beauty and kindness around you.

14． If you understand your offender ,you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness, fear, and even love. You may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender’s point of view.

Don’t forget to forgive yourself. _15．__ But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don’t do it.

A.Why should you forgive?

B.How could you start to forgive?

C.Recognize the benefits of forgiveness.

D.Try to see things from your offender’s angle.

E.For some people,forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.

F.To make your anger die away,try a simple stress-management technique.

G.If you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.

【答案】 11．B 12．F 13．G 14．D 15．E 【解析】

【文章大意】本文是一说明文，主要介绍人们宽恕别人的方法和途径。 11．根据空后的内容进行判断选择。 12．根据空前后的两句话进行判断。 13．根据前文的Don’t wait进行判断。 14．根据空后的那句话进行判断。

15．根据空前后的两句话进行判断。

2012年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语（北京卷带解析）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Empathy

Last year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. _1．__ Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.

Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and you’re showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. _2．_

There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. 3．__ Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.

Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. _4．_ “Academics are important. But if you don’t have emotional (情感的) intelligence, you won’t be as successful in work or in your love life,” she says.

What’s the best way to up your EQ (情商）? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. __5．__

To really develop empathy, you’d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a “sharing circle” with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.

A.Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person. B.That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said.

C.“One doesn’t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,” Freed says.

D.Humans learn by example—and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.

E.Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else—both what they think and how they feel.

F.Good social skills—including empathy—are a kind of “emotional intelligence” that will help you succeed in many areas of life.

G.Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human—and having empathy is decisive to those relationships.

【答案】

1．B 2．D 3．G 4．F 5．C

【解析】讲的是empathy，可译为同感、共鸣，可以理解为分享或者理解别人的情绪和感情的某种能力。文章的主题即是以这个empathy的概念进行展开。

1．挖空位置在第1段的段中。空前句提出主题概念，空后句进行简单举例，都表示了人们互相理解的现象在减少，例如关键字包括空前句中had dropped sharply,空后句中less likely to join。所以不难选出答案B选项，其中have replaced face time with screen time这样的信息，包括首次that代词指代作用的体现，以及末尾researchers也照应了空前句的概念提出者researchers from the University of Michigan。 2．挖空位置在第2段的末尾。空前句连续三个表达fighting, competing和with no respect都表现了与文章主题empathy相反的现实例子，72空需要对其进行有效总结。那么也不难得出正确答案即是D选项，关键信息为anything but empathetic，说明的即是空前句的例子与主题相反的逻辑关系，所以非常直观。

3．挖空位置在第3段的中间。空前句提出人类是互相相关或者有联系，空后句继续以主题empathy进行举例说明富有empathy的青少年是如何是好，关键信息包括high self-respect。答案G选项一开头关键词即是讲relationship with other people，即与他人的关系，破折号后的having empathy更是顺应主题empathy方向发展引出空后句的同为顺应主题发展的举例，所以非常符合。

4．挖空位置在第4段的中间。本段首句提出主题empathy下的小主题，empathy也可以指示预示着一个好的领袖。空前句，即本段第2句马上用公司寻找新manager经理的例子形式展开。而空后句出现明显转折现象说明转折后如果不具有emotional intelligence(主题词empathy的同义说法)，带来的不好之处，具体为无法在工作或者爱情中取得成功。观察选项，F直接肯定了emotional intelligence对各个方面成功的重要性，紧密将空前句空后句连接，故为正确答案。 5．挖空位置在第5段的末尾。空前句关键信息叫做listen to others，选项中C选项doesn't having a lot of opinions(有很多意见) 和 doing a lot of talking(说很多话)，正好是双重否定，等于将空前句的意思从另外一个侧面表达了一次，明显是正确选项。

2011北京全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语试卷

Public speaking and critical thinking

What is critical thinking ? to a certain degree ,it’s a matter of logic （逻辑）—of being able to spot weaknesses in other people ‘s argument and to avoid them in your own ,it also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence .

In the broad sense ,critical thinking is focused ,organized thinking –the ability to see clearly

their lationships among ideas. 1 the greatest thinkers ,scientists ,and inventors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas.that,too,is critical thinking.

2 As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical（机

械的）exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking. If the stucture of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also discovered and confused. If, on the other hand ,the stucture is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not a matter of arraging the ideas your already have. 3

What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking. 4 As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will Improve your ability to think clearly and accutately. 5 As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class. You will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations.

If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as critical thinker in many circumstances. This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece. A. Rather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves

B. This may seem like a lot of time, but the rewards are well worth it.

C. It may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech D. It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas.

E. If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class, the answer is quite a lot.

F. The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways

G. As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speech making ,you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well. 【答案】

【小题1】 D 【小题2】E 【小题3】A 【小题4】F 【小题5】G 【解析】 略

2011辽宁全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语试卷

Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain Sharp

Everyone is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bit—and that can be a very annoying thing. 1 Read on for some techniques worth trying. 1. 2 People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percent reduced chance of Alzheimer's disease (早老性痴呆症), according to a recent study. 3

Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend

will do. There's evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or short-term goals appear to do better. In other words, keep your brain looking forward. 2. Go for a walk.

Mildly raised glucose (葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact,exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain. 4 3. Learn something new.

Take a Spanish class online, join a drawing club, or learn to play cards. A study found that mental stimulation (刺激) limits the weakening effects of aging on memory and the mind. But the best thing for your brain is when you learn something new and are physically active at the same time. 5 Or go dancing with your friends. A.Focus on the future.

B.This can be especially harmful to the aged. C.It should be something like learning gardening. D.So take a few minutes each day to do some reading.

E.But don't worry if your schedule isn't filled with life-changing events. F.Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments. G.In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain. 【答案】

【小题1】F 【小题2】A 【小题3】E 【小题4】G 【小题5】C 【解析】

【小题1】由文章中的1，2，3及1下面的内容，确定72选A。

【小题2】由Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do.选出73为E。

【小题3】由exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain确定74为G。 【小题4】由the best thing for your brain is when you learn something new and are physically active at the same time. 75 Or go dancing with your friends.确定75选C。

【小题5】由文章大意得出71选F。

2013年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语（北京卷带解析） Urbanization

Until relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago. 1．_ . In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural (乡村的) villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history--- a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living. Britain was only the beginning. 2．_ .The process of urbanization--- the migration (迁移) of people from the countryside to the city--- was the result of modernization, which has rapidly

transformed how people live and where they live.

In 1990, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms. 3． .

Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies. It took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities. 4． . Until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英) and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them. Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.

Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. 5． . Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers. A. That kept cities very small. B. The rest live in small towns.

C. The effects of urban living on people should be considered. D. Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies. E. But even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities.

F. Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive. G. Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.

【答案】 1．E 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．F

【解析】

文章大意：文章的主题是城市化，讲述了城市化由过去城市规模小，农民人口多，到后来现代化之后，城市规模大，农民人口少的现象，体现了产量的增加，社会的变迁。

1．根据前一句“The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago”可知，此处讲的是以前城市的情况，即第一座城市仅仅是5500年才出现的，甚至200年前，也只有很少一部分人生活在城市中。其他几个选项没有关于以前城市的描述。故选择E 2．根据前一句的“ Britain was only the beginning”可知，英国只是个开始，关键词beginning, 因此后面出现的是soon, 句意为，英国只是个开始，很快，其他工业国家也变成了城市化社会。 3．根据前一句的“Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms”目前，超过82%的美国人住在城市，只有2%的人住在农场，在讲完了82%和2%之后，还有剩下的人呢，住在哪里呢？因此可以推断出，下一句讲述的是the rest即，其余的人住在什么地方。因此，选择B，意为，其余的人住在城镇里。

4．推理判断，根据前一句的”It took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities”可知，要有95个人在农场里工作，才能养活5个城市里的人，因此城市里居住的人肯定要少，规模肯定很小，因此选择A项，意为这种原因导致了城市规模很小。

5．根据后面的“ Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers”可知，现在一个美国人在农

场里工作，可以养活100多个非农美国人，因此现代化让农民更加多产，让更多的人可以居住在城市里。

2012年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语（辽宁卷带解析）

How to Make Friends Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. Good friendship has many benefits. It offers companionship, improves self-worth and promotes good health. There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leaves us without a friend 71． . But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends. 1. Associate with others.

The first step to making friends is associating with other people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places. 2.Start a conversation

Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends. 72． You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people. 3.73.

Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together, Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience. 4.Let it grow.

It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. 74． . The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally.

5.Enjoy your friendship

The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. 75． Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you.

A. Be cheerful.

B. Do things together.

C. Do not wait to be spoken to.

D. Try not to find fault with your friends.

E. Making new friends comes easy for some people.

F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch. G. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.

【答案】 71．E 72．C 73．B 74．G

75．D

【解析】本文向我们介绍了如何交朋友。

71．根据后面的“But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage.可知前面是说的一个过程对一些人来说很容易。所以选E。

72．由后面“You can always start the conversation.”可知，你要开始一个对话，所以前面应该是不要等着别人先和你说话。 73．根据后面的“as these interests would always bring you and your friend together.”要和朋友在块做一些事。所以选B项。

74．前面说不要通过电话，短信或亲自拜访给你的朋友施加压力，类为这可能会使对方疲惫不堪，最后你会失去友谊，因此你要给你的朋友时间对你做出回应。

75．由前面一句说要允许你的朋友们做他们自己，也就是不要对朋友太挑剔。 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

2012年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语（全国新课标卷带解析）

Kids' health: Four steps for fighting stress

Everybody gets stressed time to time. 71 Some ways of dealing with stress 一like screaming or hitting someone一don't solve (解决) much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.

Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed:

(1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. 72 They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.

(2) Don't take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves. Oh, dear, that's good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Don't take it out on yourself. 73

(3) Try to solve the problem. After you're calm and you have support from adults and friends, it's time to get down to business. 74 Even if you can't solve it all, you can solve a piece of it.

(4) Be positive. Most stress is temporary(暂时的).Remember stress does go away, especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it. These steps aren't magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, you'll help yourself feel better even faster. 75

A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation. B. Notice your friends' feelings and find a way to help them. C. Different people feel stress in different ways D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone. E. You need to figure out what the problem is. F. And don't forget about your friends. G. Then, find a way to calm down。

【答案】

71．C 72．F 73．A 74．E 75.D 【解析】

71．根据后文可知：不同的人减压的方式不同，是因为他们感到压力的方式不同。 【考点定位】考查语境理解及主题句。

72．前文提到和你信赖的人谈话，比如：父母、亲戚；减压求助的另一种方式就是向朋友求助，这里朋友和父母、亲戚是并列关系。 【考点定位】考查上下文的语境理解。

73．根据前文可知：有了压力和心情郁闷的时候，不要你一个人扛着。Don't take it out on yourself. 那么就得向别人求助。 【考点定位】考查上下文的语境理解。

74．根据后文：你即使不能全部解决所有的问题，但你可以解决一部分。可知前文应列出问题清单，知道有多少问题。

【考点定位】考查上下文的语境理解。

75.根据前文：你自己会感到越来越好甚至更轻快，可知后文也应该是好的感觉。故选D。 【考点定位】考查上下文的语境理解。