直接引语与间接引语详讲(加强版)

直接引语与间接引语

引语的概念

直接引述别人的原话，叫 _直接引语___________;

用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫 __间接引语_______。 直接引语通常都用_“”___________括起来，

间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个 _宾语从句_______。 Direct Speech

She said, “I like singing. ” She said, “I am waiting for a bus.” She said, “I visited Europe last year.” She said, “I have never met an American.” She said, “I will see you next week.”

Reported Speech She said she liked singing.

She said she was waiting for a bus.

She said she had visited Europe the year before. She said she had never met an American. She said she would see me the next week.

SUMMARY

直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时用连词that引导宾语从句.从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语 等相应变化. １、人称的变化

一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新 口诀 一 随 主 二 随 宾 说明 引号内的第一人 称变间引后与主 句主语的人称保 持一致 引号内的第二人 称变间引后与主 句宾语的人称保 He said to Lily, “ you must get up early.” He told Lily that she must get up early. 直接引语 She said,“ I like Tennis.” 间接引语 She said that she liked tennis.

第三 人称 不变 持一致 引号内的第三人 称在变间引后人 称不变 She said to me , “ They want to help him.” 间接引语 一般过去式 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去将来时 She told me that they wanted to help him. 2时态变化 直接引语 一般现在时 现在进行时 一般过去式 现在完成时 一般将来时 The teacher said,“The sun is bigger than the earth.” The teacher said that the sun is bigger than the earth.

注: 直引若是客观真理,变为间引时,时态不变. 指示代词 时间状语 自己引语 this these now, today this week yesterday last week four days ago tomorrow next month 地点状语 here 间接引语 that those then, that day that week the day before the week before four days before the next/following day the next/following month there the day before yesterday two days before

方向性动词 情态动词

Direct Speech

Come bring Can may must Go take Could might had to She asked, “Have you seen the film?” He asked, “Are you a doctor, John?”

She asked us, “Where are you going to get off?” He asked them, “Who gave you a talk yesterday?”

Reported Speech

She asked me whether\\if I had seen the film. He asked John if\\whether he was a doctor. She asked us where we were going to get off.

He asked them who had given them a talk the day before.

SUMMARY

直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语时，要从疑问语序变为陈述语序。 直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,用连词 if 或 whether 连接。 直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词作连词来引导。 Direct Speech

The policeman ordered:“Be quiet.”

The teacher said to the boy ,”Open the window .” “Never do that again,” the teacher said． “Wait a moment．” she said to them.

Reported Speech

The policeman ordered us to be quiet. The teacher told the boy to open the window The teacher told me not /never to do that again． She asked them to wait a moment .

SUMMARY

直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定前加tell, ask, order , advise等动词的宾语。 注意：否定句，在动词不定式前加not或never.

解题步骤: 1.陈述句

“I don’t like computers,” Sandy said to her friends. Sandy said to her friends that I don’t like computers. said she didn’t

Sandy said to her friends that she didn’t like computers. 2.一般疑问句:

Is it easy to work out the problem? ( They asked him ) 改为陈述句 It is easy to work out the problem. They asked him if it is easy to work out the problem. asked is改为was

They asked him if it was easy to work out the problem. 3.特殊疑问句：

When do you harvest the wheat ? ( They asked him ) 提取陈述句 you harvest the wheat

They asked him when you harvest the wheat. 然后 you改为he harvest改为harvested They asked him when he harvested the wheat. 4.祈使句

Little boy, put on your coat. (They ordered ) They ordered the little boy to put on his coat. 注意事项 1) 人称 2) 时态

3) 相应的时间地点状语 4) 标点符号 5） 大小写 6） 问号改为句号 7） 语序---疑问改陈述 8） 宾语从句由什么引出

9) 祈使句要使用动词不定式来引述 Exercises :

1). Betty says to Harry,\" I want to borrow your book.” Betty says to Harry (that) she wants to borrow his Book. 2).My teacher said , “she is a good student.” My teacher said that she was a good student.

3) She asked me,” Do you agree with me?” She asked me if I agreed with her. 4) Anne asked her mother, “Is there any delicious food to eat?” Anne asked her mother if there was any delicious food to eat.