1. fork 叉子
刀叉共用一个冠词表一副 a knife and a fork一把刀和一个叉 A knife and a fork are on the table. a knife and fork 一副刀叉 A knife and fork is on the table. 引 两种职业共用一个冠词表同一人 The teacher and the writer are absent from the meeting. The teacher and writer is absent from the meeting. -考：The English eat (介)a fork and knife.
-考：There (be) a fork and knife (lie) on the plate.
2. silver 银 n. silver 银子 Some coins are made of s . ①silver moon ②silver coin ③silver spoon adj. silver银色的
3. glass 玻璃 不可数n. 可数n. 玻璃 Glass breaks easily. Be careful (介)it. This pair of glasses mine.（be） 眼镜,杯子们 -考：Ann looks smart 〖 a pair of glasses her nose〗.
4. cotton 棉花
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不可数n.
5. steel 钢铁
c cloth 棉布 c clothing 棉服 Cotton is made (介)clothes. steel 钢 iron铁 copper 铜 gold金 silver银
6. grass草地 不可数n. grass
7. leaf树叶 n. leaf (复leaves) ①falling leaves 落叶(空中) ②fallen leaves(地上) ③Giraffe can r the leaves (介)the tree easily. ④In autumn,l all t yellow and f down. sit (介)the grass run (介) the grass Sheep feed (介) grass. We feed sheep (介) grass. 复数变f\\fe为ves 树叶(leaves)半数(halves)自己黄，妻子(wives)拿刀(knives)去收粮，架后(shelves)窜出一只狼(shelves)，就像小偷(thieves)逃命(lives)忙。
8. produce 生产 v. produce生产 ①The tree p big fruit. ②The factory p 100 cars every day. ③The novelist p 3 works last year. 2
n. producer生产者 Who is the p of the movie? n. product产品(可①milk products ②product lines ③natural product 数) ④The child is the product of a broken family. -考：Coffee is Brazil`s main p . -考：More p are needed in our country. -考：Tea is p in many different areas of China. -考：How tea p ?
9. avoid 避免 ①avoid sth ②avoid doing We crossed the road〖to avoid our teacher〗. You should avoid eating too much chocolate. -考：I left early〖 the rush hour〗.
-考：He always avoids my eyes.= He always avoids me. -考：I tried to avoid his question.(answer)
-考：I find it hard my teacher`s sharp eyes(锐利的目光).
10. mobile 可移动的
①mobile phone ②mobile station ③mobile shop ④mobile library
11. surface 表面
n. ①on the surface ②the surface of the earth ③surface knowledge 3
-考：Most of the earth surface covered with water.(be)
12. everyday日常的 adj. 短语
13. material 原材料 可数n. material(s) 原材料 b materials建材 w materials素材 t materials教具 c materials收集.. everyday 日常的(=daily) (作定语)①everyday life ②everyday news every day 每天 (做状语)I live happily every day. adj. material 物质的 material world She is a material woman.
14. traffic 交通(路上所有的车)
不可数n. ①traffic lights交通灯 ②traffic jam 交通堵塞 ③t accident交通事故 ④traffic p 交警 ⑤h traffic 交通拥挤⑥There is a lot of t in r hours. -考：Pay attention to (see) the traffic s .Try traffic
accidents.(avoid)
-考：Many traffic accidents (cause) by (care) driving.
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15. international 国际的 adj. international n. adj. n. nation national nationality 国家的 国籍 国际的 国家 i organizations 国际组织 ①U.N.=the united nations 联合国 ②the whole nation全民族 ①national flag ②national songs What nationality are you? -考:What nationality is he? I wonder.(合并) = I wonder . -考：Our n flag is red〖with five yellow stars on it〗. -考：I feel p when I see our n flag r in the air. -考：WTO is an i organization. -考：China is an independent n .
-考：The developing countries need more i help.
比较三个 “国家”
nation 强调民族性 country 强调国土面积 state 强调政权 选择 nation \\ country \\ state
①China is one of the largest in the world. ②The USA is short for the United of the America. ③The were all crying at the death of Chairman Mao.
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16. competitor参赛者 n. competitor(s) 竞争者 n. competition 竞赛 He is a competitor from Greece. ①writing competition写作比赛 singing competition歌咏比赛 ② enter for the c 报名参加 v. compete 竞赛 adj. competitive有竞争力的 ③ the competition参加竞赛 compete with \\ against sb in sth 与某人在某人方面竞争 competitive companies -考：He is one of the c 【who (be) from Canada】. -考：The c 〖held in our school last week〗is so exciting.
-考：Life is like a long race【where we compete with each other to go beyond
ourselves】. 17. form 形式 n. form 形式 n. form 表格 v. form 构成 adj. formal 正式的 反 informal 非正式的 ①special forms of traditional art 特殊的传统艺术形式 ②Soccer and Tennis are two different f of sport. fill in the form = fill out the form 填写表格 We are going to f a soccer team.组建足球队 ①formal clothes ②formal visit ③formal words -考：Buses,cars and trains are all f of transport.(交通工具)
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18. lively 充满活力的
adj. lively 充满活力的①Who is the lively boy in the photo? ②lively colour -ly结尾的adj. friendly lovely lively lonely likely weekly adj. living 活着的,定语(反dead) Both plants and animals are living things. adj. alive 活着的，后置定语和表语 ①The fish is still alive. ②No man alive will believe you. -考：He is the only person【that (be)alive in the car crash】 -考：She is a child and popular with everyone. -考：The teacher began her class with a song.
-考：The teacher has an unusual way to make her class . -考：The can speak and move.
19. complete 完成 v. complete 完成 完整的 complete the sentence ①a complete sentence ②make the sentence c I fell in love with the city c . adj. complete adv. completely 彻底地
20. heat 热 n. heat 热 v. heat 加热
I can`t bear the heat of the sun. ①Heat the milk to 100℃ ②〖When h to 100℃〗,water boils. 7
21. ‘直接引语’和间接引语 ‘直接引语’ 变 间接引语 间接引语 变 ‘直接引语’ ①语序变化 V1.‘陈述句’—陈述句 1.陈述句—‘陈述句’ 2.wh./how—变回 ‘疑 助 主？’ 后 2.‘wh/how特殊疑问句’ ---去问号 (去do/does/did, 或和主语换位置 3. ‘助开头一般疑问句’ -加if/whether 去do/does/did, 或和主语换位置 4. ‘没主表命祈使句’ (主语留着剩下句子都改动) —变：主tell sb. (not) to do 胆小勿入 3.if/whether-去if/whether 变‘助 主？’ 4.tell sb.(not)to do—主语不变， tell sb. 都去掉改say to sb.(时态) 后面变回：‘V原 或Don’t V原’ ②人称变化 ‘一’随主 ‘二’随宾 ‘第三人称’不变化 人称形式要统一 和主一样变回‘一’ 和宾一样变回‘二’ 和主语宾语都不一样不变化 人称形式要统一 8
注意：shall只和I/we搭配，当人称转换为别的时，shall也要变成will ③时态变化 V现在时‘去引号时态不变’ V现在时‘回引号里时态不变’ V过去式‘去引号时态往过去推’ V过去时‘回引号里时态往现在回’ 注意：①客观真理永远用一般现在时 ②出生was/were born永远用一般过去时 ④各别变化单词 ‘this’--that ‘these’—those ‘now’--then ‘today’--that day ‘yesterday’--the day before ‘last week’--the week before ‘ago’--before ‘tomorrow’--the next(following) day ‘next week’--the next week ‘here’—there ‘bring’—take ‘come’--go 练习题
1. Tom said‘I want an apple’. Tom said that ___ ____ an apple. 2. The teacher said ‘The sun is bigger than the moon.’ The teacher said that the sun ___ bigger than the moon. 3. ‘Can you swim?’ I asked Mary. I asked Mary ___ ___ ___ swim. 4. ‘What are you doing now?’ He asked me. He asked me ___ ___ ___ doing ___.
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5. ‘Don’t talk in class.’ The teacher said to us. The teacher told us ___ ___ ____ in class. 6. ‘Where they will meet, Mike?’ asked Tim. Tim asked Mike ___ ___ ____ meet. 7. ‘I can read and write now.’ Mary said to her father. Mary told her father ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ then. 8. Mr. Smith asked her, ‘Are you interested in playing tennis?’ Mr. Smith asked her ___ ___ ___ interested in playing tennis. 9. The man asked the little girl, ‘What do you usually eat for breakfast?’ The man asked the little girl ___ ___ usually ___ for breakfast. 10. Mom often says, ‘I don’t like sports.’ Mom often says ___ ___ ___ sports. 11. ‘I don’t work in the factory’ said Tom. Tom said ___ ___ ___ work in the factory 12. Sally said to me, ‘We are going to fly to Beijing. Sally ___ me ___ ___ going to fly to Beijing.
13. Mr. Wang often says, ‘We shall study hard for our purpose.’ Mr. Wang often says ___ ___ ___ study hard for their purpose. 14. ‘ I want to have an apple,’ Marcia said. Marcia said ___ ___ to have an apple. 15. ‘Why do you stay at home?’ My father asked. My father asked ___ I ___ at home.
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16. She said, ‘I’ll go to Tom’s birthday party tomorrow.’ She said that ___ ___ go to Tom’s birthday party __ ___ ___. 1.
Petty said she liked sports.
Petty said, ‘___ ___ sports.’ 2.
He asked me if I lived in Wuhan..
He asked me, ‘___ ___ ___ in Wuhan?’ 3.
I asked Li Lei where he had been.
I asked Li Lei, ‘___ ___ ___ been?’ 4. My father told me to do more reading. My father said to me, ‘ ___ ___ reading.’ 5.The boy said he couldn’t finish the work. The boy said, ‘___ ___ finish the work.’
6. Miss Li said that she would visit Shanghai this summer. Miss Li said, ‘__ __ visit Shanghai this summer. 7. My father told me that he was born is Luoyang. My father ___ ___ me, ‘__ __ born in Luoyang.’ 8. The old man said that Beijing is the capital of China. The old man said, ‘___ ___ the capital of China. 9. Mary asked her mother why she got up so early. Mary asked her mother, ‘___ ___ ___ get up so early?’ 10. Our teacher told us that knowledge is power. Our teacher ___ ___ us, ‘Knowledge ___ power.
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