(学位英语)解题方法指导—语法

涉及知识面广,涵盖了冠词、形容词、副词、动词、非谓语动词、定语从句及状语从句等。动词一直是考查的重点。

二、学位英语语法题解题策略和方法 1.还原法. 2.一致法. 3.标点法. 4.题眼法 1. 还原法

还原法,即句子结构分析法.很多单项选择题考点实为难度 较小的简单句,但命题人往往通过加长句式,将陈述句改为疑问或感叹等句型,使用插入语,采用倒装和省略等手段使简单的句式复杂化, 以增加干扰因素.解题时,同学们应通过句型分析弄清题干的来龙去脉,还原简单句的本来面目.主要有如下八种还原方式:

1. 将疑问句还原成陈述句

【例】Whom is it up to ____the matter

A. decide B. to decide C. deciding D. decided

【解析】将题干还原为陈述句: It is up to sb. to decide the matter. 答案为:B 2 将感叹句还原成陈述句

【例】_____role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar.

A. How interesting B. How an interesting C. What interesting D. What an interesting

【解析】将题干还原为陈述句: She played an interesting role in the film. 因此答案为D 3 将被动语态还原成主动语态

【例】Our time should be made full use of _____.

A. study B. studied C. studying D. to study

【解析】将题干还原为成主动语态: We should make full use of our time to study.因此答案为:D 4 将倒装语序还原成正常语序

【例】Here is a note book, in which _____ the names of the visitors.

A. write B. written C. were written D. was written

【解析】将题干还原为正常语序: The names of the visitors were written in the note book.因此答案为C。 5 将强调句式还原成一般句式

【例】It was ____ that resulted in the terrible car accident.

A. because of her carelessness B. her being careless C. because she was careless D. she was so careless

【解析】将题干还原为一般句式: Her being careless was resulted in the terrible car accident. 因此答案为:B。

6 将先行词还原到定语从句中

【例】The study you have been making _____the ancient Chinese characters is an instructive job.

A. to B.for C. of D. from

【解析】把定语从句先行词 the study 还原回从句中得出: You have been making the study of the ancient Chinese characters. 因此答案为: C

7 删除附加结构,将复杂句还原成简单句

【例】John plays football ____, if not better than, David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as

【解析】将插入语 if not better than 删除得出: John plays football as well as David.因此答案为:B 8 将省略句还原成完整的句子

【例】-----Do you know what Tom does all day

-----I know he spends at least as much time watching TV as he ____his lessons. A. is doing B. does C. spends in D. does doing

【解析】将连词as 后的从句还原完整,得出: „as he spends (in) doing his lessons. 此句中的 spends 可用来代替.因此答案为:does 2. 一致法

一致法是另一种句子结构分析法,即在解题时我们要注意句子前后的关系要一致,包括主谓一致,时态一致,代词一致,比较对象一致等等,以此找到解题的突破口.例如:

【例】The man rushed out of the room, ____into his car and started it hurriedly, ____to get home as soon as possible.

A. got; hoped B. getting; and hoped C. got; hoping D. getting; hoped

【解析】C从and 可知,此题考查三个谓语动词rushed,got和started的并列, 时态要一致,所以第一空要填got,而第二空hoping是伴随状语. 【例】 Written in a hurry, _________.

A. Peter made many mistakes in the paper B. There are many mistakes in the paper C. we found some mistakes in the paper D. the paper is full of mistakes

【解析】【解析】分词做状语时其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致.此题中written in a hurry 的逻辑主语应该是paper所以选择和主语一致的选项D。

【例】 Thinking about the fact that I was not prepared well enough, and ____ to lose my face, I gave up this year's civil service exam. didn't want B. not wanted C. not wanting D. not to want

此题考查and连接的两个并列状语,前后形式要一致,not wanting ,与前面的thinking 一致,故选择 C 3. 标点法

在解答单项选择题时标点符号的作用不可忽视.在做题时一个标点符号可能就决定了一个题的答案.例如:

【例】Our first destination was Indian Greek in Kansas.____was then the frontier.

A. That B. Which C. What D. Then 【解析】从前后句间的句号可知,后半句是的句子而非从句,因此不可以在句首使用从属连词.故答案为A。

【例】 Everyone was on time for the meeting—_____Chris, who's usually ten minutes late for everything.

A. but B. only C. even D. yet

【解析】从破折号可知,符号后面的内容是对前面句子的补充说明.故答案为C。

【例】They believe that the spirits are with the body of the dead person for three days; ____there's always someone to stay with the dead body.

A. during which time B. during which C. during when D. during this time

【解析】由分号可知后半部分应该是一个的句子.故答案应为D 4．题眼法

题眼法即语境分析法.\"眼\"指的是题干中的解题关键信息,一旦抓住了它,就能掌握选择的依据.在解题时同学们应树立全局观和整体观,认真分析语境准确理解和把握信息并关注关键词句找出突破口.例如:

(1)----Is there fog in the evening

----There____be. I'll make a phone call to find it out(关键信息). A. must B. would C. will D. might 【解析】D

(2) Most of the Europeans refuse to(关键信息) accept GM food ____Americans regard it as (关键信息)the fruit from high tech. A. when B. as C. while D. the moment 【解析】C

(3) Unfortunately, when I dropped in, Doctor Li ____for Beijing to join in the fight against SARS, so we only had time for a few words(关键信息).

A. just left B. had just left C. is just leaving D. was just leaving

【解析】D

(4) Is there any possibility of the film (关键信息)____in Paris International Festival. A. being tried out B. trying out C. tried out D. to try out 【解析】A

(5) ____, but (关键信息)he insisted that he ____to school. A. Though he was ill; went B. Having been ill; went C. Having been ill; should go D. He was ill;go 【解析】D

总之,学位英语的单项选择题尽管只有十五个小题,但考查内容涉及面广并突出了综合性和语境化的特点.解题时,应结合语境,认真分析句子,灵活运用语法词汇知识,通过现象看本质,从而达到分析问

巩固练习:

1._____, the earth moves around the sun .

A. It is known that B. We all know C.What we know is D. As we all know—

2. During the test we were supposed to stay in our seats,keep our eyes on our work, _____to anyone.

A. but could not talk B. instead of speaking C. rather than speak D. and not to speak

3. The country life he was used to____greatly since 1992.

A.change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed

4. No progress was made in the trade talks as neither side would accept the conditions of _____.

A. others B. the other C. either D. another 5.-----It is 30 years since we last met.

------But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _____wegot lost on a rainy night.

A. which B. that C. what D. when 1、【解析】D(标点法) 2、【解析】D (一致法)

3、【解析】B (还原法—删除附加结构) 4、【解析】B (题眼法)

5、【解析】B (还原法—删除附加结构)

6. When ____ help, one often says \"Thank you .\" or \"It is kind of you.\"

A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered

7. _____ he was the last man I wanted to see, I did all in my power to help him.

A. As B. Now that C.Though D.However 8. Who did the teacher _____the article

A. have written B. have write C. had written D. has writing

9. It's fun to see all the food I have made ____in such a short time.

A. eating B. to be eaten C. being eaten D. eaten 10. The speech _____, a lively discussion started.

A. being delivered B. was delivered C. be delivered D. having been delivered 6、【解析】D(一致法) 7、【解析】C (题眼法) 8、【解析】B (还原法)

9、【解析】D (还原法—删除附加结构) 10、【解析】D (一致法)

Conclusion（结论） 重 基 础

细 分 析 巧 运 用

在英语单项填空题中，有很多是针对学生解题的思维定势所出的“陷阱”题。出题人往往通过句子结构的某些变化，来达到干扰学生的思维、使学生误入歧途的目的。同学们要学会识别干扰因素，理清句子结构，保持清醒头脑，提高抗干扰能力，从而避开\"设题陷阱\"，提高解题的准确性。 命题人通常采用下面一些手段，来设计题干干扰信息:

一、插入语干扰

1. He believes in himself, _________, in my opinion, is of great importance.

A. that B. which C. what D. as 2. He hasn't come yet. What do you consider_________to him?

A. happens B. has happened C. happening D. to happen 3. John plays football _________, if not better than， David.

A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as

4. The manager decided to give the job to_________he believed had a strong sense of duty. A. whoever B. whomever C. who D. those

[析]这类题主要是利用插入语，增加句子的复杂程度，从而达到干扰学生视线的目的。我们只要去掉冗余信息(插入语)，答案就一目了然了。

二、标点符号干扰

5. Tom，_________sure to come tomorrow.

A. is B. be C. was D. would be

[析] 很明显，Tom在这里并不是句子的主语，而是称呼语。

三、疑问句干扰

命题人利用一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的特殊结构，达到干扰目的。解题时，只要把句子还原为陈述句，就可以看清它的庐山真面目了。如:

6. Who would you rather_________with you tomorrow， Tom or Smith?

A. have to go B. have go C. have gone D. had go

[析]我们可以把它变为陈述句:I would rather have Tom go with me tomorrow. 原来是把句子的宾语提前到了句首，go是省去了to的不定式作宾语补足语。

四、倒装句干扰

7. On the grass_________two sheep.

A. lies B. lie C. lying D. laid

[析]这个句子的语是two sheep而非grass，故选用复数谓语动词。

五、从句和先行词分离干扰

同位语和定语从句一般情况下是紧跟在先行词之后，但有时为了句子平衡的需要，先行词和从句分开，从而造成了干扰。如:

8. The question came up at the meeting _________ we had enough money for our research.

A. that B. which C. whether D. if

[析]后面的句子是一个同位语从句，而它的先行词是句首的question。

六、省略句干扰

9. The girl is very shy， and never speaks until_________to.

A. spoken B. speaking C. speak D. be spoken

[析]这个句子从句省去了相同的主语she和be动词，可以恢复为:The girl is very shy， and never speaks until she is spoken to.

10. If you don't go there，_________I.

A. neither do B. nor will C. so do D. neither did

[析]此句尽管条件状语从句用的是一般现在时态，但并不一定表示现在的动作。从句子意义来判断，动作发生的时间应该在将来，很显然，它省去了一个将来时间状语。

七、被动句干扰

11. Every minute is made full use of_________at our lessons.

A. to work B. working C. having worked D. being worked

[析]有些同学一见到介词，后面马上用名词或动名词。这恰恰落入了命题人设置的陷阱。此题of的宾语实际上是every minute。如果把它变为主动式，答案就显而易见了。即:We make full use of every minute to work at our lessons.

八、搭配干扰

有时，出题人故意造成是某种固定搭配的假象，似是而非，极易上当。 12. This is the very room_________I slept in that evening.

A. that B. which C. where D. at which [析]时间状语that evening前面不必加介词in，故这个定语从句应用关系代词引导，考虑到先行词被very修饰，故用that引导定语从句。试比较:

This is the very room where I slept in the evening.

13. The country life he was used to_________greatly since the opening policy.

A. change B. has changed C. changing D. having changed

[析]he was used to在句中作定语从句，修饰life。分析句子结构，整个句子缺少谓语动词，故填入主句谓语。

九、定语从句干扰

14. The young student did all that he could_________the examinations.

A. pass B. to pass C. passing D. passed

[析]that he could (do) 是定语从句，修饰all。to pass the examinations在句子中作目的状语。

15. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had_________went wrong again.

A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired

[析]这道题考查了两个知识点，一是考查了have sth. done结构，二是定语从句。she had had repaired(had的宾语which在定语从句中提前，且省略了)是定语从句，修饰the washing machine。此句可译为:\"布朗夫人很失望地发现她刚刚请人修理好的洗衣机又出了毛病。\"

十、非正常语序干扰

16. The home improvements have taken what little there is_________my spare time.

A. from B. in C. of D. at

[析]为了保持句子平衡，该句采用了非正常语序。该句的正常语序是:The home improvements have taken what little of my spare time there is. 本句意为\"改善家庭居住条件占去了我仅有的一点业余时间。\"there is是定语从句，用来修饰前面的名词短语what little of my spare time。

十一、强调句干扰

17. It is the protection for the trees_________really matters， rather than how many trees are planted.

A. what B. that C. / D. which

[析]此句是强调句，强调主语。可还原为:The protection for the trees really matters， rather than how many trees are planted.

十二、词形变化干扰 18. -I like football.

-_________my sister and me.

A. So do B. So are C. So did D. So it is with

[析]如不仔细观察，学生很可能选择A。应该要注意这里的me。我们知道so does sb. 句式是一个倒装句，即sb. 是句子的主语，要求用主格。

十三、多义词干扰 试比较下列两个例句:

19. He is a strange character，_________is very hard to get along with.

A. who B. which C. that D. where

20. He has a strange character，_________makes him difficult to get along with.

A. who B. which C. that D. where

[析]多义词character在两个例句中有不同的含义。在例1中，character表示\"人物\"，例2中，character表示\"性格\"。

参:

1-5 BBBAB 6-10 BBCAB 11-15 AABBC 16-20 CBDAB 赵文通学位英语解题方法指导—完形填空

完形填空（Cloze Test）是全方位考查学生综合运用英语能力的一种题型。它涉及阅读理解、分析推理、判断运用等方面。它既能体现学生综合运用英语的能力层次，同时它又是学生失分较多，从而拉开差距的主要题型。其实做好完形填空并不难，每种考试都有一定的规律可循，学位英语考试也不例外。答题步骤和技巧如下： 1、通读全文，掌握大意

做完形填空题，通读全文是作答前的一项必不可少的工作。只有通过对全文的阅读，思索和整体观察，才能根据上下文所提供的信息去作出推理判断，从而选出最佳答案。切忌读一行填一空，要知道，四个选项中就文章某一句而言，可能二个三个甚至四个都是可选的，而就全文而言，只有一个是最佳的。如：

【例】 It was one of the most 36 and tiring games I’ve ever had. …In a way, I think we both won: I the game

36. A. encouraging B. hopeless C. surprising D. regular

【解析】就本句而言，A、B、C、D 中四个形容词能用and 和tiring相连的有 B 、C 两个选项。但是根据最后一句In a way, I think we both won: I the game, 说明“我”最后赢了比赛。所以B选项hopeless是不合适的。

浏览全文时要重点了解文中所叙述的人物、时间、地点、事件，即who, when, where, what。而要了解全文大意，开篇第一句是全文的窗口。一般来说，学位英语考试中得完形填空采用的短文无标题，短文的第一句不设题。这就为我们开了个了解文章的窗口，首句是解题指南，我们往往可以据此判断文章的体裁，预测全文的主题思想。 2、瞻前顾后，逐句细读

在了解短文大意和篇章结构的前提下，我们可以开始边看边选答案了。在具体选择中我们要注意以下几点：

（1）根据选项的不同词义判断答案

有些完形填空题考的是考生对不同单词词义的辨别能力。例如： 【例】Then Ed first phoned and 37 we play.

A．declared B. mentioned C. persuaded D. suggested

【解析】这句话讲的是Ed 打电话提议/建议（suggest）和我进行打球比赛。declare（申明）用词太大；mention（提到一件事/一个人） 和persuade （说服）在本句中用法不当，suggest we （should）play 是虚拟语气。所以答案为D。. （2）根据词汇的固定用法判断答案

有些答案的选择取决于动词与介词或副词的搭配、动词和名词的搭配以及形容词和名词的搭配、以及动词和名词的特殊用法等，同时要根据内容判断正确的答案。例如：

【例】When the score was 16 up, I was having serious doubts about staying alive until 21 years old, let alone 53 that many points.

A. scoring B. completing C. receiving D. keeping

【解析】本句中的points为比赛所得的分，本题中的C选项receiving（收到，得到）是最能

让考生选错的一项，然而比赛中的得分（动词）应该用score。而completing（完成）以及keeping（保持，保留）在本句中就没了意义。所以答案为A。 （3） 根据社会及生活常识推断答案

有些题要根据常识来判断。完形填空本身考的是学生的综合能力，文章本身蕴涵着各类相关知识。如果有丰富的社会生活常识，会使文章问题简单化，也是综合能力的一种体现。例如： 【例】His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although the family often 43 about that., Ed refused to buy a larger T-shirt or to lose weight. A. cared B. forgot C. quarreled D. joked

【解析】这一句讲Ed胖的肚子像气球一样突了出来，根据实际生活经验应该可以判断，家里人经常笑话（joke）他。但他还是不去买宽大（larger）的衬衣来掩盖突出的肚子；也不减肥以减小已经很大的肚子。care about something 表示“在意，关心”，是静态动词，不适合用often 来修饰。forget和本句逻辑不相符；quarrel与实际生活不相符。 （4） 根据上下文所提供的信息判断答案

高考完形填空题中，有许多前面的空白处选项取决于上下文中提供的有关信息。例如： 【例】I laughed quietly, figuring on an 38 victory.

A. unforgettable B. unexpected C. easy D. early

【解析】本句中laugh quietly（暗暗窃喜）表示自己将处于有利位置，估计自己将轻易（easy）取胜（victory）。而unforgettable（忘记不了的）和unexpected（意想不到的） 与本句逻辑不相符；early 和本句意思无关。所以答案为C。

（5）根据上下文的逻辑推理判断答案

文章上下文的逻辑关系常常用一些连接词来表达：有表达并列对等关系的and, as well as等；有表达转折关系的but, yet, while, however等，有表达因果关系的so ,therefor, as a result, because of, due to等。例如：

【例】My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape. 48 , at the point in our game when I’d have predicted(预计)the score to be 9 to 1 in my favor, it was instead 7 to 9-and Ed was leading

A. After all B. As a result C. Above all D. At last

【解析】上文讲到Ed的体形发生了很大的变化，下文就要讲体形变化对这场球赛的影响, 所以用as a result（结果是）来引出体形变化的结果。而after all （毕竟），above all（最重要的是），at last（最后，终于）都与本句意思无关。 3、认真审读，仔细验证

填空完毕之后，一道必不可少的工作就是认真审读，验证答案。一篇残缺不全的短文经过修补之后，如果在意义、逻辑、联系、搭配等方面都能顺理成章，那么它就基本上恢复了本来面目了。如果发现不够顺畅的答案，凭语感重新考虑。

总之，我们做完形填空题时 要遵循完形填空题的命题规律，掌握它的命题特点，注重解题步骤和方法，不断训练，以提高解题能力和水平。

1）词汇和语法对大家来说可能是比较难的，最主要的是词汇，因为作为成年人来讲，词汇量远远没有达到学位英语的要求，即使对正在读大学的大学生来讲，词汇也是一个难点。但要注意，词汇的考察有一定的重点，并不是所有的词汇都会考察。在记住词汇的同时要记忆一些词组，如：call off, call on; put off, put on，从这两组短语你能看出考察的重点吗？

（2）语法的考察需要注意以下几点时态：完成时态一般是正确答案（如果里面又有被动语态，那简直就太好了，一定是正确答案）；语气：虚拟语气也是一样和完成时态有关的选项是正确答案，同时如果选项中出现动词原形be或者not be，那 他一定是正确答案；从句：如果考察名词性从句，那就选what，如果考察定语从句要看里面缺少什么句子成分；注意定语从句和同谓语从句的区别；非谓语动词：记住下面三点：非谓语动词作状语其逻辑主语是主句主语；逗号不能连接两个句子；现在分词表示主动或进行，过去分词表示被动或完成；不定式表示将来。倒装：倒装的选项是正确答案；强调句型：句首是it ,后面选that。

（3）阅读理解在解答时一定要区分好题型，是细节题就要使用细节题的答题方法和技巧，是主旨题就要使用主旨题的答题方法和技巧。同时要注意以下几点：阅读中的重点句子：段首句；因果句；转折句；列举句；正确选项的特点：文章关键词的改写。

（4） 完型填空：根据解答完形填空试题需要的信息量，完形填空试题可以分为两类：只需要根据试

题所在的句子就能解答：A、语法题； B固定搭配题；需要根据试题所在句子的上文和下文进行解答：A.逻辑衔接题；B.语境词汇测试题

1．语法考题的涉及面宽

近年考题曾经考到：几乎所有词类，三种动词的非谓语形式，名词从句，形容词从句，副词从句，主格，一致，倒装，强调等基 本语法知识。 2．语法考试的重点突出

语法考试的重点为内容庞杂较难掌握的项目，这些项目还反复出 现如：虚拟语气，状语从句，定语从句，主格，情态动词。

3．具体考查重点为以上项目中的特殊用法，不常用的情况

1）虚拟语气的考点为：would rather＋that从句＋一般过去时： It is vital／necessary／important／urgent／imperative／desirable／advisable／natural／essential＋that＋动词原形；It is time／abouttime／hightime＋that＋一般过去时：proposal／suggestion＋that＋动词原形；lest＋that＋should＋动词原形；if only＋that＋would＋动词原形。

2）状语从句的考点为：非if引导的条件状语从句，此类句子多用 at times，provided，so long as，in

case，once等来替代if；由 evenif／so，now that，for all等引导的让步状语从句；just／ hardly…when引导的时间状语从句；more than，as…as，not so much as，the same as，as much as等引导的比较状语从句。

3）主格结构多以逻辑主语＋分词的形式出现。 4）情态动词多与完成时形式连用。

5）定语从句重点考查介词＋关系代词（which）和as作为关系代词。 4．词汇的考查重点为

1）动词，名词与介词的搭配如：popular／patient＋with； yield／solution／adapt／transfer／access＋to；accuse／require＋of；charge＋for；under＋discussion等等。

2）习惯用法如：confess to／set about／be used to＋doing； be supposed to／have／make sb．＋do等。

3）由同一动词构成的短语如：come，go，set，break等构成的短 语。

4）单个的动词，抽象名词，形容词和副词多以近义词、同义词的 形式出现。 5）介词短语在句中作状语如：in terms of；with the exception of；in vain等，另外还应注意rather than，other than，suchas，none／nothing＋but等词在考题中的出现。

5．近年来考题中的新趋势为：若干考点混合出现：一些交际用语 也时常出现在考题中。 三、复习思路

1．全面掌握基本语法点，重点记住各个项目中的“偏，特，难”点 2．掌握常用习惯用法和词组

3．注意在阅读中培养语感，因为在语篇层次上培养的语感往往可以直接帮助答题 4．研究以往考试试题，适当做些练习记住典型题例