2009～2014年中石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案

试卷类型：23

I. Vocabulary

Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

1. The Chinese nation has __ significantly to the progress of human civilization.

A. related B. contributed C. owed D. attached

【解析】2007版第60课第3段，to contribut to + n.

2. The bees __ out of their hive.

A. flocked B. swarmed C. packed D. crowded

【解析】2007版第47课第3段

3. The __ school cannot give much practical training in living, because most of the students' time is spent in classes, studying lessons.

A. normal B. ordinary C. regular D. commonly

【解析】2007版第5课第4段

4. He showed me how to turn on the lights and __ the air-conditioner.

A. adjust B. adopt C. treat D. remedy

【解析】2007版第38课第1段

5. I was exhausted when I reached home, and I flung myself down on the front steps to__.

A. discover B. recover C. dissolve D. retreat

【解析】2007版第41课第25段

6. Travel and __ were changed when the steamship was invented.

A. transportation B. tradidon C. transmission D. transformation

【解析】2007版第59课第8段

7. Mr. Smith finally lost his __ and fouled Lincoln by grinding his foot with a boot heel.

A. mind B. temper C. mood D. passion

【解析】2007版第34课第5段

8. Ants don't carry calendars around with them, but they show amazing accuracy __ the day of the year.

A. in case B. such as C. so that D. as to

【解析】2007版第47课第9段

9. Schlesinger's __ task was to meld all headquarters, field, and staff programs into a unified department.

A. initial B. initiative C. initiate D. initiation

【解析】2007版第41课第25段

10. __ all we have learned from space flights, the moon is still a riddle from the distant past.

A. In stead of B. In spite of C. In search of D. Because of

【解析】2007版第14课最后一段

11. The first step is to __ your problem and go to work on it.

A. recognize B. revenge C. recollect D. receive

【解析】2007版第26课第6段

12.1 __ into the dark, sure that I would finally reach the hospital.

A. work out B. set out C. make out D. put out

【解析】2007版第41课第20段

13. Smoking also __ the heart and blood vessels.

A. inclines B. affects C. effects D. surplus

【解析】2007版第19课第6段

14. I believe in the __ worth of the individual and in his right to hfe, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

A. superior B. surplus C. supreme D. suppress

【解析】2007版第7课第5段

15. By November 1973 oil supplies were critically low, creating the most __shortages of energy since World War II,

A. rigid B. acute C. dense D. urgent

【解析】2007版第28课第4段

16. There is one suggestion that the footsteps of crowds walking the streets in major cities could __ energy.

A. assemble B. gather C. generate D. yield

【解析】2007版第16课第5段

17. I am unable to __ what he is saying.

A. concentrate on B. concentrate in C. finish with D. finish off

【解析】2007版第57课第16段

18. America's early __ were attracted by the fertile land and varied climates it offered for farming.

A. settlers B. inherents C. residents D. lodgers

【解析】2007版第39课第4段

19. The U.S., generally acknowledged to be a step __ Britain on biofuel, has an estimated 600 stations that offer E85 (a fuel made of 85 percent bioethanol).

A. in excess of B. in advance C. ahead of D. in front of

【解析】2007版第53课第14段

20. Your speech class will make your nervousness work for you __ against you.

A. other than B. rather than C. more than D. less than

【解析】2007版第21课第4段

II. Grammatical Structure

Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. 21. My husband's arm got hurt __ the iron tower.

A. while we were climbing up B. while he is climbing up C. while he climbed up D. while we climbed up

【解析】92四级，动词时态

22. You __ me because I didn't say that.

A. must have misunderstood B. had to misunderstand C. must misunderstand D. must be misunderstanding

【解析】大纲模拟题第2套第40题，情态动词

23. The word's supplies of petroleum __

A. are gradually exhausted B. are being gradually exhausted C. have been gradually being exhausted D. have gradually exhausted

【解析】大纲模拟题第6套第32题，被动语态，动词时态

24. The police __ the records of all those involved in the crime.

A. looking into B. being looked into C. is looking into D. are looking into

【解析】考研练习，主谓一致

25. The modem __ long pencil can draw a line 35 miles in length.

A. 7-inched B. 7-inch C. 7-inchs D. 7-inches

【解析】2007版第42课第18段，固定用法

26. We regret __ you that the computers you ordered are out of stock.

A. informing B. to inform C. having informed D. m have informed

【解析】05年专升本，动词不定式

27. Not until the game had begun __ at the sports ground.

A. had he arrived B. he have arrived C. he should arrive D. did he arrived

【解析】倒装句

28. The medical record shows that it was the drag, not the disease, __ killed him him several years ago.

A. that B. finally C. the effects of which D. the effect of which

【解析】强调句

29. Sound travels __ air.

A. through water faster and

B. where it is faster through water than through C. faster through water than through D. faster than through water and

【解析】副词比较级

30. Liquid water changes to vapor, __ is called evap

A. which B. what C. that D. it

【解析】定语从句

31. If I __ you, I would go to look for him.

A. was B. were C. would be D. am

【解析】虚拟语气

32. I hope all the precautions against air pollution, __ suggested by the local government, will be seriously considered here.

A. while B. since C. as D. after

【解析】as 的用法

33. All flights __ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.

A. had been canceled B. have been canceled C. were canceled D. having been canceled

【解析】独立主格

34. What's the matter? I smell something.

A. burn B. burns C. burning D. being burned

【解析】现在分词

35. It's very nice __ you to help me.

A. for B. in C. like D. of

【解析】介词

36. My grandfather has decided to make me go back to college immediately, study my lessons carefully, and __ .

A. attain my master's degree B. a master's degree must be attained C. must attain my master's degree D. to my master's degree I have to attain

【解析】并列结构

37. The habit of __ regular hours is of extreme importance to successful learning.

A. keep B. keeping C. to keep D. kept

【解析】动名词

38. __ brings us together is __ we have common interests which transcend those differences.

A. That, that B. That, what C. What, what D. What, that

【解析】主语从句，宾语从句

39. __ in this way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing.

A. Looked at B. To look at C. Looking at D. To be looked at

【解析】过去分词

40.1 decided to go to the concert as soon as I __.

A. finish what I did B. finished what I was doing C. would finish what I was doing D. finished what I did

【解析】

III. Reading Comprehension Section A

Directions: There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:

Washington D.C. was the first city in history to be created solely for the purpose of governance. Following the Revolution, members of Congress had hotly debated the question of a permanent home for themselves and for departments, such as the Treasury, th e Patent Office, and so on, which even the sketchiest of central government would feel obliged to establish. In 1790, largely in order to put an end to

congressional bickering, George Washington was charged with selecting a site for the newly designated federal district. Not much to anyone's surprise but to the disappointment of many, he chose a tract of land on the banks of the Potomac River,a few miles upstream from his beloved plantation, Mount Vernon.

The District of Columbia was taken in part from Virginia and in part from Maryland. At the time it was laid out, its hundred square miles consisted of gently rolling hills, some under cultivation and the rest heavily wooded, with a number of creeks and much swampy land along the Potomac. There is now a section of Washington that is commonly referred to as Foggy Bottom; that section bore the same nickname a hundred and eighty years ago. Two port cities, Alexandria and Georgetown, flourished within sight of the new capital and gave it access by ship to the most important cities of the infant nation~harleston, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, Newport, Salem, and Portsmouth--and also to the far-off ports of England and the Continent.

41. What is the main topic of the passage?

A. The role of George Washington in the American Revolution B. The first years of the United Slates Congress C. The governing of the federal district D. The founding of Washington, D.C. 42. In 1790 a large part of the federal district was__

A. seashore B. village squares C. wilderness D. a flourishing port

43. It can be inferred from the passage that the item \"Foggy Bottom\" in the second paragraph refers to a section of Washington, D.C. that__

A. has the lowest population in the district B. used to be the site of the national weather station C. used to be mostly swampland D. lies at the bottom of Mount Vernon

44. Which of the following conclusions about the federal district is supported by the passage?

A. George Washington's choice pleased almost everyone

B. Mount Vernon was not chosen because it was too close to the river

C. Congress was unable to agree on a location

D. Congress did not believe that a home for the federal government was necessary

Questions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:

There are several ways of listening that net us nothing but trouble, according to Dr. Ralph Nichols of the University of Minnesota. If we recognize and try to conquer them, we can step up our listening ability by about twenty-five percent and thereby greatly increase our chances for success in our daily lives.

Unless you are very unusual indeed, says Dn Nichols, you must plead guilty to several of the following bad listening habits:

Daydream Listening: You can think about four times as fast as the average person speaks. So you have quite a bit of spare thinking time while waiting for the words to come in. Unconsciously, you use this time, if you are a poor listener, to let your thoughts drift elsewhere.

For instance, your teacher is giving you some background material on American history. Your mind is with him at first. Then other thoughts drift into that spare thinking space. Without warning, they have taken over your mind entirely... I mustn't forget to go downtown after school for Mother. If only my bike was fixed!Maybe I can get Joe to come over Saturday and help me... Your thoughts drift on.Suddenly, with a jolt, you hear these words: \"Now we'll have a little test on what I have been explaining.\" Ouch!

So what to do to keep daydreams from filtering in? One way is to put that extra thinking time to work--on the subject. Sum up what the speaker is saying; look for major points. Pretend you are going to have to repeat his ideas. Put his words into your words. It isn't easy. It takes effort and time to learn. But the results are sure to surprise and please you.

\"That's-What-You-Think\" Listening: You have your own pet ideas on certain subjects. You don't like to hear anything which might make you question them. So when anyone begins arguing on the other side, you simply stop listening.Instead you plan what you are going to answer. Anyone who refuses too often to listen to the other side of a question risks becoming narrow-minded an exasperating and unattractive trait in the other fellow. Is it any more becoming to you? No thanks, you say, and decide to hear the other fellow out. Maybe he is right. Maybe you are. But you can give him a better argument on your viewpoint if you hear what he says.

Half-An-Ear Listening: Often other sounds compete for your attention and win. Your father gives you a list of errands. But his voice must compete with, say,your favorite song on the radio. Later, you find that half an ear wasn't enough. You didn't listen to your father's words closely enough to hear and remember them. You have to telephone home for a repeat performance. And you can't really blame your father for being irritated. Better to turn off the radio, shut the door on competing noises, if possible. If not, guard against your tendency to listen to distracting sounds.

So there are the forces--some within ourselves, some outside that work against us in our efforts to listen. But once we learn what they are and how to fight them, we are well on our way to getting rid of wasteful listening habits.

45. From this piece we learn that

A. there is a difference between heating and listening B. listening requires little skill

C. deafness is much more common than most people suppose D. it is easier to listen alone than in a group 46. Poor listening can be attributed to

A. faults within ourselves B. bad habits

C. distracting outside influences D. all of the above

47. Because thought is faster than speech

A. we know what the speaker will say B. we have time to formulate arguments

C. we should avoid letting our minds wander aimlessly ahead D. it is best to have a speaker who talks very fast 48. Listening is often difficult when

A. the speaker argues against your pet ideas B. the speaker's voice is poor C. you do not watch the speaker D. the room is poorly ventilated

Questions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:

Antarctica is a very large area of the earth's surface, but--until recent years--was the least studied. More knowledge of it is important for all mankind.

Antarctica seems a vast basin of rock, filled and overflowing with a load of ice. In all this barrenness and cold, what is there of value?

First, Antarctica is bound to have mineral resources comparable to those of other great continents . Coal--much of it of poor quality--has been found at many points along the 2,000 mile mountain system known as the Great Antarctica Horst. A writer has found a small deposit of manganese ore and rock specimens flecked with uranium or stained green by copper. These finds are important only as indications that further exploration would be worthwhile, and such a systematic effort has begun under SCAR (the Special Committee on Antarctic Research). This group is an outgrowth of the International Geophysical Year (I.G.Y.); but its program has broadened from geophysics to include mapping and biology.

There are other possible economic values. Several intercontinental air routes lie across portions of Antarctica. Strange antibiotics have been found in the drifting plants of the Antarctic seas; the Russians are reported to be carrying in live herring to be dumped overboard in an attempt at sea \"farming.\"

But for the immediate future the great value of Antarctica may lie in other lines of research from the common cold to problems of outer space. The former is under scrutiny at a biological laboratory at McMurdo Sound, where clues to certain viruses are being sought in the study of epidemics among the utterly isolated members of scientific parties.

As to space research, there is no place on earth better suited than the South Pole for certain kinds of observation. Here is a firmly fixed point, in contrast to the drifting floes that cover the North Pole; from it all directions are north, and during th e six months of darkness the stars circle around a point directly overhead. The United States established an observatory there in 1957 for the I.G.Y. and has maintained it ever since.

Now it is an ideal space tracking station. Any vehicle on a mission in the southern half of the heavens remains continuously \"visible\" to an antenna at the pole. Such a station is also able to play a unique role in interrogating earth satellites in orbit over both poles.

Such satellites---maintaining their steady sweeps as the earth revolves beneath them---cover nil parts of the globe and hence are ideal for weather observation, communications and other tasks. The South Pole would be the chock point on each circuit, snatc hing the data from space, processing them in computers within seconds and relaying them to the rest of the world.

On all these counts, the scientists justify their voyages to Antarctica and the vast sums needed. But essentially their argument is a simple one. The great continent to the south is still largely unknown. In the quest for fundamental knowledge, which is t he heart and soul of all science, it cannot be ignored.

49. A laboratory at McMurdo Sound is making a study of

A. the common cold B. plant life in the Antarctic C. man's adaptability to extreme cold D. sea life

50. Antarctic's mineral resources are best described as

A. of low quniity

B. uncertain but potentially important C. vital to world energy needs D. non-existent

51. As a spot where radar antennae might be effective, Antarctic is important because

A. there is plenty of fuel to make the elecuicity needed to operate radar B. in the cold, clear air, metal would not rust

C. a scanning station at the South Pole could cover the whole southern hemisphere

D. the cold clear air would help radar see clearly 52. To a scientist the main reason for exploring the Antarctic is

A. the fact that we know little about it B. the fact that it has many unusual features C. the benefits to mankind

D. the opportunity to study the weather

Questions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:

Ryerson Machine Tool Guarantee

This guarantee covers all Ryerson industrial tools.

Dates of Coverage: All Ryerson industrial tools are guaranteed for 5 years from the date of receipt at the customer's factory or industrial facility.

Type of Coverage: This guarantee covers all major tool failures clearly attributable to tool design or construction, and not ordinary wear and tear. This

coverage also does not extend to situations where the customer has placed the tools under exceptional stress not ordin arily encountered in industrial processes.

Coverage Cancellation: This guarantee plan will be canceled in the case of fraud or misrepresentation by the customer. The notification of cancellation will be sent to the customer's e-mail provided at the time of purchase.

Coverage Alteration: This coverage may be altered in the future as new product lines are introduced, or upgrades are introduced to existing product lines.

Notice of any such alteration will be submitted to all customers by e-mail.

Coverage Adjustment Notice: Ryerson Machine Tool Guarantee

This supplementary notice is for all customers who have purchased Ryerson machine tools within the last two years.

Adjustment: Recently, our firm has decided to end sales of the CV210 precision cutting tool in use in many of our customer's factories. Guarantees for these tools will end 90 days from the date of this notice.

Discounts: Customers desiring to upgrade to our new CV211 precision tool as a replacement for the CV210 are eligible for 15% discounts for a period of 90 days from the date of this notice.

Customers Continuing with CV210: Customers can elect to remain with the CV210, but will have to operate the tool without coverage from Ryerson.

53. For whom is both information and notice intended?

A. Potential customers B. Suppliers of industrial tools

C. Manufacturers of electronic components D. Purchasers of industrial devices 54. Which kind of coverage is NOT provided?

A. Use of the machine tools in conjunction with competitor products B. Failure due to design specifications of the manufacturer C. Use of the tools in extraordinary production environments D. Failure m notify the manufacturer of a flaw within 90 days 55. What is one of the reasons for issuing the supplementary notice?

A. Ryerson is offering newer versions of an existing model. B. New customers may advance order a new product online.

C. Ryerson has decided to end sales of the CV211 precision cutting tool. D. All customers will receive 15% discounts for a certain period. 56. What will happen to users of the CV210 in the future?

A. They may not have access to Ryerson technical and industrial informatiol B. They will not be able to use the tool because of its frequent failures. C. They may not receive information about further upgrades. D. They may continue to have it serviced for payments.

Questions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:

I don't know how I became a writer, but I think it was of a certain force in me that I had to write. And that force finally burst through and found a channel. My people were of the working class. My father, a stone-cutter, was a man with a great respect f or literature. He had a tremendous memory, and he loved poetry. The poetry that he loved best was naturally of the rhetorical kind. Nevertheless it was good poetry--Hamlet's soliloquy, Macbeth, Mark Antony's \"Funeral Oration\Grey's \"Elegy\" , and all the rest of it. I heard it all as a child; I memorized and learned it all.

He sent me to the state university.

The desire to write, which had been strong during all my days in high school, grew stronger still. I was editor of the college paper, the college magazine, etc., and in my last year or two I was a member of a course in playwriting which had just been established. I wrote several little one act plays, still thinking I would become a lawyer or a newspaper man, never daring to believe I could seriously become a writer. Then I went to Harvard, wrote some more plays, starting to think that I had to be a playwright. After leaving Harvard, I had my plays rejected. And finally in the autumn of 1926, I had a moment of literary inspiration that drove me forward to dedi cate my life to writing. But I have never exactly been able to determine ail these questions like how, why, or in what mannen Probably the force in me that had to write at last sought out its channel. I began to write my first book in London. I was living all alone at that time. 1 had two rooms---a bed room and a sitting room in a little square in Chelsea in which all the houses had that familiar, smoked brick and cream-yellow-plaster look.

57. We may conclude, in regard to the author's development as a writer, father

A. opposed his becoming a writer B. made an important contribution

C. insisted that he choose writing as a career

D. insisted that he read Hamlet in order to learn how to be a writer 58. The author believes that he became a wriler mostly because of__

A. his special talent B, his study at Harvard C. a hidden urge within him

D. his father's teaching and encouragement 59. The author.

A. went to Harvard to learn to write plays

B. worked as a newspaper man before becoming a writer C. began to think of becoming a writer at Harvard D. had always been successful in his writing career 60. The author really started on his way to become a writer.

A. when he lived in London B. after he entered college C. when he was in high school D. when be was studying at Harvard

Section B

Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, comprise the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words 61 which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we learn, that is to say, from the 62 of our own family and from our familiar associates, and which we should know and use 63 we could not read or write. They concern the common things of life,and are the stock-in-trade (惯用言辞) of all who 64 the language. Such words may be called \"popular,\" since they belong to the people 65 and are not the exclusive possession of a limited class.

On the other hand, our language includes a multitude of words which are comparatively 66 used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little 67 to use them at home or in the market-place. Our first acquaintance with them comes not from our mother's lips or from the talk of our school-mates, 68 from books that we read, lectures that we hear, or the more formal

conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular 69 in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual level of everyday life. Such words are called \"learned,\" and the 70 between them and the \"popular\" words is of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process.

61. A. at B. through C. with D. by 62. A. relatives B. members C. mates D. fellows 63. A. in spite of B. even C. despite D. even if 64. A. say B. practic C. applye D. speak 65. A. in public B. at most C. at best D. at large 66. A. frequendy B. seldom C. irregularly D. much 67. A. occasion B. prospec C. way D. reason 68. A. besides B. but C. and D. or 69. A. theme B. problem C. topic D. question 70. A. compariso B. contrast C. distinction D. similarity

IV. Translation

Directions: There are 1 passage in this part of the test. You are to translate the passage into Chinese on your Answer Sheet.

A级:

China is about to adopt its llth five-year plan, setting the stage for the continuation of probably the most remarkable economic transformation in recent years, while improving the well-being of almost a quarter of the world's population.

While much of the rest of the developing world has been directed at a common quest for higher GDP, China has once again made clear that it seeks sustainable increases in the people's happiness.

China realizes that it has entered a phase of economic growth that is imposing enormous demands on the environment. Unless them is a change in course, living standards will eventually be compromised. That is why the new five-year plan places great emphasis on the environment.

China recognizes, too, that what separates less developed from more developed countries is not only a gap in resources, but also a gap in science and technology. So it

has laid out new plans not only to reduce that gap, but to create a basis for independent innovation.

China's role in the world and the world's economy has changed, and the plan reflects this, too. Its future economical model will have to be based more on domestic demand than on exports, which will require increases in consumption. Strengthening social security and public education will simultaneously increase citizens' sense of well-being, and promote current consumption.

With such a clear vision of the future, the challenge will be implementation. Market econonfies are not selLregulating. They cannot simply be left on autopilot, especially if one wants to ensure that their benefits are shared widely. But managing a market economy is a difficult task. It is a balancing act that must constantly respond to economic changes. China's llth five-year plan provides a roadmap for that response.

B 级：

China is about to adopt its llth five-year plan, setting the stage for the continuation of probably the most remarkable economic transformation in recent years, while improving the well-being of almost a quarter of the world's population.

While much of the rest of the developing world has been directed at a common quest for higher GDP, China has once again made clear that it seeks sustainable increases in the people's happiness.

China recognizes that what separates less developed from more developed countries is not only a gap in resources, but also a gap in science and technology. So it has laid out new plans not only to reduce that gap, but to create a basis for independent innovation.

China's role in the world and the world's economy has changed, and the plan reflects this, too. Its future economical model will have to be based more on domestic demand than on exports, which will require increases in consumption. Strengthening social security and public education will simultaneously increase citizens' sense of well-being, and promote current consumption.

2010年中石油职称英语考试及参考答案

I. Vocabulary

Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

1. It is possible to predict how much energy and water a building will consume, how much _______ will be needed.

A. matter B. things C. material D. substance

2. They found that the positive thinkers sold 37 percent more insurance than did the_______ thinkers.

A. negative B. positive C. active D. passive

3. In labs around the world, bad bugs are undergoing the ultimate rehabilitation, being _______ from life-threatening viruses and bacteria into lifesaving therapeutic agents.

A. translated B. transported C. transformed D. transmitted

4. The fresh air is sometimes humid from the _______rainfall of this area. A. numerous B. abundant C. plenty D. substantive

5. We know that many animals _______ the deep seas at pressures of 15,000 pounds per square inch.

A. live on B. live in C. live through D. live up to

6. Speakers and writers of the Germanic languages _______for a great deal of the world's output in everything from economics to literature to military to science and technology.

A. account B. allow C. apply D. arrange

7. _______of the great state of Illinois, let me express my deepest gratitude for the privilege of addressing this convention.

A. On account B. In honor C. In place D. On behalf

8. The companies that are finding ways to hang on to their older workers _______ from an intangible commodity: wisdom.

A. obtain B. earn C. develop D. benefit 9. I raced to_______ Jill.

A. keep on B. keep up with C. come up with D. come up to

10. Managers need to monitor inflation trends so they can make good _______. A. decisive B. decisions C. decide D. decided

11. Fluency can be _______ defined as \"being able to communicate ideas without having to stop and think too much about what one is saying.\"

A. simple B. simply C. similar D. simplify

12. The number of vehicles has been steadily increasing. _______, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide that exceed legally established limits.

A. Continuously B. Consequently C. Constantly D. Consistently 13. A(An) _______ is better than the text and may make the point clear.

A. interpretation B. representation C. illustration D. draw

14. Some of the world's best mountain _______ is available within the 500-kilometer long chain of the Southern Alps.

A. scene B. scenery C. scarce D. scare

15. After a through research, the police __ most of the missing jewels. A. retreated B. refreshed C. recovered D. reminded

16. A gold-rated building is estimated to have reduced its environmental impact by 50% compared with a(an) __ conventional building.

A. equivalent B. alike C. uniform D. likely

17. When pessimists __ in their first attempt, they usually say, \"I can't do this.\" A. feel B. fail C. defeat D. lost 18. Six years __ before she got another note from Teddy.

A. went into B. went around C. went by D. went on 19. The company owns a large number of _______ stores.

A. export B. bargain C. retail D. trade

20. The cost of self-education has fallen with the multitude of sources of knowledge and information _______ on CD-ROMs and the Internet.

A. preferable B. ready C. available D. considerable

II. Grammatical Structure

Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. 21. Put things back _______ you found them.

A. where B. that C. which D. since 22. --Are you going to the football game? --No, the tickets are _______ for me.

A. terrible expensive B. so much expensive C. far too expensive D. highly expensive

23. The residents, __ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross. A. all of whose homes B. all of their homes C. all their homes D. all that homes

24. In some countries _______ is called \"equality\" does not really mean equal rights for all people.

A. which B. what C. that D. one

25. Gorillas are quiet animals, _______ they are able to make about twenty different sounds.

A. how B. in spite of C. even though D. because of

26. _______ the size and nature of a business, its main goal is to earn a profit. A. Whatever B. Whichever C. Whereas D. Because

27. Henry and Tom __ to the parties at the Trade Union every Saturday. A. used to go B. were used to go C. are used to go D. use to go

28. The crewman switched on portable flashlights as the engineer __ the scene.

A. has surveyed B. surveys

C. was surveying D. is surveying

29. _______ WAP technology, people can do their work anywhere anytime. A. Use B. Using C. Being used D. Used 30. The news _______ heard everywhere.

A. had B. have been C. was D. are going to be 31. You __ yourself about money.

A. need not worry B. have worry

C. are not being worried D. needn't be worried

32. The course normally attracts 20 students per year, __ up to half will be from overseas.

A. in which B. for whom C. with which D. of whom

33. _______ he was a regular customer, the boss allowed 10% discount off the prices of the goods.

A. Giving B. Giving that C. Given that D. To give that

34. It seems oil _______ from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take machine apart to put it right.

A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking

35. __ nothing more to discuss, the CEO got to his feet, said goodbye and left the meeting room.

A. There was B. Being C. There being D. As there being

36. Great as Newton was, many of his ideas __ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.

A. are to challenge B. have been challenged C. may be challenged D. are challenging 37. She apologized for __ the meeting.

A. her being able not to attend B. her being not able to attend C. not her being able to attend D. her not being able to attend 38. I wish to have a word with you, _______ ?

A. must I B. wouldn't I C. may I D. shouldn't I 39. __ right now, she would get there on Sunday. A. Would she leave B. If she leave C. Were she to leave D. If she had left

40. I wish I __ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. slept

C. might have slept D. have slept

III. Reading Comprehension Section A

Directions: There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:

By direct observations and many experiments, biologists have discovered that practically all animals have some sense of hearing or vibration. Earthworms feel vibrations in the soil, fish can be trained to respond to certain tones, male mosquitoes are attracted by the sound of the female, and frogs will respond to a tape recording of their own voices.

The inner ear is composed of delicate membranes which bear dense patches of specialized cells called maculae. Each of these collections of cells can carry a message to the brain. What message is carried by a macula depends upon how it is affected. The message which is carried is not, however, always connected with the hearing sense. For instance, a certain kind of tadpole can tell the depth of the water it is swimming in by the pitch of a tone which is produced by its own lungs.

In the human and all other mammals, the macula has developed into an organ which can easily be seen. This organ is called the cochlea. This spiral shaped organ contains the macula itself and it is called \"organ of Corti\" after its discoverer. If you have ever seen a snail shell, you know how a cochlea looks.

When sound waves enter the cochlea, which is really a tube coiled around, they set a membrane into a back and forth motion and cause a new wave. This is something like the way in which high and low sounds are produced by a flute or whistle. The high sounds are produced when the air is prevented by the holes from going through, while the low sounds are produced by allowing more of the air to pass. All this is what produces the differences between high and low sounds. The loudness of a sound is evidently produced by how much the membrane is cause to move.

Whether or not hearing is really produced in all animals by the effect of pressure is not definitely known by scientists as yet. We do know, however, that nature has set up some very delicate hearing mechanisms for its creatures. Scientists must explore much further for more knowledge about how animals use their ears. 41. According to the article practically all animals have some sense of A. direction B. hearing C. vibration D. both B and C

42. The cochlea is found A. in fish

B. only in humans C. in all animals D. in all mammals 43. Scientists know

A. that all animals have a cochlea

B. very little about hearing in animals C. that mosquitoes cannot hear sounds

D. that hearing is produced by air pressure in mammals. 44. The article is mostly about __ A. how sound is produced B. learning by observing

C. the workings of the inner ear

D. outer ear formation in various animals Questions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage: Dear Ms. Answers, I've been offered a job promotion that would require me to relocate abroad to Paris from Chicago. The salary for my new position would be much higher than what I'm getting now, and I've always wanted to work in the French branch of our company, but I'm worried that living in Paris could be more expensive than where I live now. If this is the case, perhaps the increase in salary won't make a big difference. Can you tell me anything about the cost of living in Paris? Thank you, Raphael Daniels Dear Mr. Daniels, Congratulations on receiving such a wonderful employment opportunity. Living and working in a foreign country is not something that many people get to do. Although it can be a very rewarding experience, it can also be very expensive if your finances are not managed properly. In the same way that you will need to adjust to a different language, customs, and culture, you will also need to develop new daily routines and spending habits. This aspect of living abroad can be difficult for some people who may be tempted to live their daily lives as if they are on vacation: eating in fancy restaurants, buying expensive souvenirs, and going sightseeing. It is natural to live like you are on vacation when moving to a foreign environment, but it is important not to get carried away. Establishing a weekly and monthly budget for yourself is the best way to take control of your new financial situation. It may be helpful to keep track of your spending habits for the first weeks after your arrival and establish a budget based on that. As long as you manage your finances as you would if you were at home, living in Paris should not be any more expensive than living where you are now. In my research, the only two things I found that were significantly more expensive in Paris than in Chicago were taxi fares and high-speed trains. Fortunately, Paris has an excellent, rather inexpensive subway system. To view a list of common French items and their equivalent prices in American dollars, visit www. costofliving.com/paris. Sincerely, Ms. Answers AskAway. com 45. According to Mr. Daniel’s e-mail, what is he concerned about? A. Living expenses B. His salary

C. Commuting to work D. His vacation days

46. What does Ms. Answers suggest Mr. Daniels do? A. Establish a budget B. Speak with his boss C. Look at train fares D. Consult a guide book

47. In Ms. Answers' e-mail, the word \"track\" in paragraph 3, line 4, is closest in meaning to

A. footstep B. cover C. record D. roadway

48. What does Ms. Answers say about the subway? A. It is new. B. It is dirty.

C. It is inefficient. D. It is inexpensive.

Questions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:

Ostrum GE, the second largest power company in the Nordic countries,

officially opened its first Hydrogen Energy Station (HES), with technology products provided by Gredler Energy Systems Corporation. The new station will supply clean hydrogen fuel to three fuel cell buses as part of the prestigious Green Europe Advanced Transport (GREAT) program. Stockholm (斯德哥尔摩) is one of four GREAT cities that will be using Gredler Energy hydrogen infrastructure products.

Mr. Peter Russell, Chief Operating Officer of Gredler Energy, was in Stockholm for the station opening and commented, \"The opening of this station represents the first step in the introduction of a hydrogen infrastructure in the City of Stockholm. Ostrum and the City of Stockholm have taken an essential step towards creating a pathway to environmentally sustainable urban transportation solutions and we are delighted to be part of this important movement.\"

The Stockholm HES is comprised of four modules: pressurized water

electrolysis-based hydrogen generation, compression, high-pressure storage and hydrogen fuel dispenser. The station is capable of producing approximately 120kg per day of high-purity, high-pressure hydrogen using Gredler Energy's proprietary technology. Each fuel cell bus carries approximately 40kg of hydrogen at 350bar (5,000psi).

Gredler Energy Systems Corporation is the world leading developer and supplier of integrated hydrogen solutions, all using the company's proprietary hydrogen generation water electrolysis technology along with products from corporate partners.

49. Who will be in charge of the new hydrogen energy station7 A. Oredler Energy Systems B. Ostrum GE

C. The GREAT Program

D. The City of Stockholm

50. How much hydrogen will the new station produce each day? A. 40kg B. 120kg C. 350bar D. 5,000psi

51. The word \"sustainable\" in paragraph 2, line 5 is closest in meaning to

A. livable

B. deliverable C. maintainable D. combustible

52. What is true about the GREAT program? A. It operates in four countries.

B. It is operated by the Gredler Corporation. C. It promotes the use of non-polluting fuels.

D. It studies the effects of hydrogen on the atmosphere.

Questions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:

The rise of multinational corporations, global marketing, new communication technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR.

Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an American invention, the U.S. leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries. Twenty years ago, for example, the world's top five public relations agencies were American-owned. In 2003, only one was. The British in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative. A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate planning activities, compared to about one third of U.S. companies. It may not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR.

Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race? First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts in knowing a second language. Less than 5 percent of Burson-Marshall's U.S. employees know two languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage. Conversely, some European firms have half of more of their employees fluent in a second language. Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs. In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal. Overseas, their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist, publications not often read in this country.

Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN. Turner recently announced that the word \"foreign\" would no longer be used on CNN news broadcast. According to Turner, global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such thing as foreign.

53. According to the passage, U.S. leadership in public relations is being threatened because of

A. an unparalleled increase in the number of public relations companies B. increased efforts of other countries in public relations

C. shrinking cultural differences and new communications technologies D. the decreasing number of multinational corporations in the U.S. 54. The word \"provincial\" (Line 2, Para. 3) most probably means __

A. limited in outlook

B. like people from the provinces C. rigid in thinking

D. interested in world financial affairs

55. We learn from the third paragraph that employees in the American PR industry A. speak at least one foreign language fluently

B. are not as sophisticated as their European counterparts C. are ignorant about world geography

D. enjoy reading a great variety of English business publications 56. What lesson might the PR industry take from Ted Turner of CNN? A. American PR companies should be more internationally-minded. B. The American PR industry should develop global communication technologies. C. People working in PR should be more fluent in foreign language. D. People involved in PR should avoid using the word \"foreign\"

Questions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:

On the night of August 17, 1959, at about 20 minutes before midnight, the ground in the vicinity of Yellowstone National Park began shaking violently. At the time there was a rumbling sound, something like a huge truck would make. Both the heaving of the ground and the noise were very frightening but lasted not quite 45 seconds. This earthquake near Yellowstone Park was just one of nearly a million that happen every year all over the world. And as bad as this quake was, many have been worse. Earthquake experts say that the Yellowstone quake of 1959 was about as bad as the one which hit San Francisco in 1906. But the San Francisco quake caused more damage because it struck in a place where there were so many people living. In San Francisco 700 persons lost their lives. An earthquake in Japan in 1923 took 160,000 lives. In China in 1920 an earthquake took 200,000 lives. It is easy to understand why earthquakes are so feared.

What causes these terrible shakes of the very ground on which we live?

To answer that question we must first understand some things about the earth itself. Forty miles deep in the earth is the edge of the outer crust of the earth, and there it is so hot that instead of hard rock there is material much like the hot lava that a volcano erupts. It is the earth's 40-mile deep crust with which we are concerned when we seek the cause of earthquakes. The earth's crust is formed of many different layers of rocks. The layers of rocks are not laid evenly, as a bricklayer would build a wall. Instead, the earth's crust is made of rock layers that are often uneven and not perfectly balanced. Because of the great weight pressing down on them, these layers tend to fold downward at weak spots, and this finally causes an actual break in the crust. When this break occurs, or when the sides of an old break slip, the earth quakes, or shakes, while the crust is settling into a new position. Sometime these faults are very small, and we then feel only a little tremor. The tremor may even be so light that only the most delicate machine will record it. Most earthquakes are of this weak kind. Sometimes a break in the earth's crust comes about, which starts such a landslide as that which occurred in Madison Canyon. It

then takes not one, but many shakes for the earth to heal the fault and settle. That is why many after-shocks follow a major earthquake. Sometimes these go on for several years.

57. The Yellowstone earthquake was

A. one of the more severe B. not severe

C. the worst in U.S. history D. a very small one

58. The San Francisco quake was worse than the one in Yellowstone because A. it lasted longer

B. it struck where so many people lived C. there were mountains at Yellowstone D. there was a river at Yellowstone 59. The earth's crust is made of A. sand B. mountains

C. many layer of rock D. lava

60. Some times aftershocks follow an earthquake for as long as A. days B. months C. years D. centuries

Section B

Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

Land pollution involves many kinds of wastes. For many years, all wastes were dumped 61 sanitary (卫生的) landfills. Sanitary landfills are large pits where garbage is buried under layers of dirt. When hazardous wastes are put in these landfills, toxic (有毒的) substances can seep into the groundwater and enter the food chain. Hazardous wastes are those kinds of wastes that are 62 or dangerous to the environment. They can be poisonous, corrosive (腐蚀性的), flammable, explosive, or radioactive (放射性的). They can pollute the air or 63 fires or explosions. These wastes can also cause 64 problems for humans and animals. For these reasons, it is important to dispose 65 hazardous wastes in secured landfills where they cannot leak. A secured landfill is located on clay ground, and the pits are lined with plastic and nylon sheets to 66 the hazardous wastes in the pit.

One kind of hazardous wastes, radioactive waste, involves a special disposal problem. Radioactive waste is created by industries and nuclear power plants 67 use radioactive materials. Radioactive materials 68 off energy as their atoms change. This energy is invisible, but very powerful. It can harm 69 tissues in plants and animals. Radioactive waste can remain hazardous for over 100 years. They must be stored in containers that can hold them without leakage for at least 70 amount of time.

61. A. by B. with C. of D. into

62. A. destructive B. smelly C. poisonous D. healthy

63. A. make B. lead C. cause D. take 64. A. lung B. living C. health D. water 65. A. of B. by C. to D. with

66. A. help B. remain C. keep D. guard 67. A. those B. who C. that D. what 68. A. come B. give C. take D. put

69. A. living B. live C. lively D. alive 70. A. an B. one C. that D. these

IV. Translation

Directions: There are some passages in this part of the test. You are to translate the passages into Chinese on your Answer Sheet. A级 71.

A fast-growing body of research is proving that optimism can help you to be healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast, to sickness and failure, and is linked to depression and painful shyness. \"If we could teach people to think more positively,\" says psychologist Michael of Yale University, \"it would be like inoculating (接种疫苗) them against these mental ills.\"

\"Your abilities count,\" explains psychologist Smith of Harvard University, \"but the belief that you can succeed affects whether or not you will.\" In part, that's because optimists and pessimists deal with the same challenges and disappointments in very different ways.

Take for example your job. In a major study, Smith and his colleagues surveyed sales representatives at a big life insurance corporation in New York. They found that the optimists among newly-hired representatives sold 37 percent more insurance than did the pessimists.

How did they do it? The secret to an optimist's success, according to Smith, is in his \"explanatory style\". When things go wrong the pessimist tends to blame himself while the optimist looks for other explanations. He blames the weather, the phone connection, even his friends. When things go right, the optimist takes credit while the pessimist thinks success is due to luck.

Negative or positive, it was a self-fulfilling prophecy (预言). \"If people feel hopeless,\" says Smith, \"they don't bother to acquire the skills they need to succeed.\" on the contrast, the optimist feels in control of his own life. If things are going badly, he acts quickly, looking for solutions, and reaching out for advice.

So, if you're a pessimist, there's reason for you to change. Positive thinking leads to positive reaction. What you expect from the world, the evidence suggests, is what you're likely to get. B级 71.

A fast-growing body of research is proving that optimism can help you to be

healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast, to sickness and failure, and is linked to depression and painful shyness. \"If we could teach people to think more positively,\" says psychologist Michael of Yale University, \"it would be like inoculating (接种疫苗) them against these mental ills.\"

\"Your abilities count,\" explains psychologist Smith of Harvard University, \"but the belief that you can succeed affects whether or not you will.\" In part, that's because optimists and pessimists deal with the same challenges and disappointments in very different ways.

Negative or positive, it was a self-fulfilling prophecy (预言). \"If people feel hopeless,\" says Smith, \"they don't bother to acquire the skills they need to succeed.\" on the contrast, the optimist feels in control of his own life. If things are going badly, he acts quickly, looking for solutions, and reaching out for advice.

So, if you're a pessimist, there's reason for you to change. Positive thinking leads to positive reaction. What you expect from the world, the evidence' suggests, is what you're likely to get.

2011中石油职称英语水平考试

试卷类型：17

I. Vocabulary

Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

1. We go out for dinner a couple of times a month. Sometimes we __ a movie.(28课) A. take in B. keep down C. take over D. take after 2. The modern 7-inch long pencil can draw a line 35 miles in__(44课) A. gap B. interval C. length D. distance

3. A university is an educational institution which awards degrees and __ research. A. carries out B. carries off C. carries about D. carries for 4. The captain of the ship __ the passengers that there was no danger. A. confined B. insisted C. ensured D. assured 5. The speaker is the person who __ a speech transaction.(9课) A. initial B. initiates C. initiatives D. initiation 6. Never one to __ second best, John tried his best to solve the problem. A. admit B. accept C. convince D. receive

7. The Atlantic hydrographic chart is being __ continuously; even as we speak submarines are charting the Arctic basin under the ice.(55课)

A. rehearsed B. revised C. renewed D. retiled

8. The suppliers undoubtedly will get rich at the ___ of the customers.(45课) A. expanse B. spend C. warrant D. expense

9. When all the present oilfields are__ , its is possible that the North Pole may become the scene of oil activity.(46课)

A. exhibited B. exhausted C. exploited D. exposed 10. The man __ that most poets and scientists are male.（36课） A. deal with B. point out C. hold up D. hand on

11.Whereas outside the USA, Coke tends to be a young person's drink, inside the USA anybody of any age can drink it on any__ without embarrassment.(17课) A. choice B. occasion C. occupation D. occurrence 12. The waiters will refill your coffee cup several times for no extra__(17)

A. expand B. offer C. price D. charge 13. A professional degree will __ an average annual income of about twice that of college graduates.（45课）

A. feel like B. result in C. hold on D. keep to

14. That caves of Altamira, which were __ in northern Spain, contain interesting paintings by early cave dwellers.

A. found B. invented C. discovered D. created

15. A green building is __ to have reduced its environmental impact by 60% compared with an equivalent conventional building.(60课)

A. established B. estimated C. computed D. counter

16. If you do not know the subject, you will not understand what is said or written, even if English is your mother __ what is said or written

A. speaking B. language C. saying D. tongue 17. You will find the figure of a conqueror or a general on all the highest __ in the great cities of the world.(29课)

A. pillows B. pillars C. columns D. plugs

18. Personal worth and self-esteem is the basis of a good __ health.(33课) A. physical B. mental C. practical D. natural

19. If you suspect that the illness might be serious you should not __ going to the doctor.( 大纲模拟试题四词汇第19题)

A. put off B. hold back C. put aside D. hold up

20. You'll have to buy some new shoes as these are __(模拟试题三词汇第3题) A. used up B. wasted away C. broken down D. worn out II. Grammatical Structure

Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. 21. I could see from his face that he__ bad news.

A. had received B. receives C. received D. has received 22. The peasants __ their land.

A. deprived B. were deprived C. deprived of D. were deprived of 23. He failed his exam, __ proved that he wasn't working hard enough.

A. what B. which C. this D. of which 24. So frightened __ in darkness that she did not dare to move an inch.

A. was the girl B. the girl was C. such a girl was D. that the girl was

25. An Olympic Marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately__ from Marathon to Athens. A. the distance B. distance C. the distance is D. is the distance

《2009年GCT考试英26. All flights __ because of the heavy storm, we decided to take the train.(来自语模拟试题一》)

A. having canceled B. being canceled C. having been canceled D. canceled 27. He preferred not to__ with that group.

A. identifying B. identify himself C. identify D. being identified himself 28. He speaks English, but not __ his sister does.

A. as good as B. as well like C. so well as D. like well as

29. My grandma noticed that the girl _ a short-sleeved dress, so she gave the girl a new sweater.(52课)

A. was worn B. was wearing C. wears D. wearing

30. Though in New York, Peter had always preferred to record the plain facts of small town life. A. raised B. was raise C. raising D. raises 31. She walked softly __ make any noise.

A. as to B. not to C. not so as to D. so as not to 32. It's no use__ me. I don't know more than you do.

A. in asking B. asking C. for me to ask D. you ask

33. We've bought a new house. We'll move in soon and we need to buy __ furniture. A. some other B. another C. other D. others 34. Please have your doctor __ that prescription.

A. signed B. to sign C. signing D. sign 35. A biologist does not merely describe organisms, but tries to learn __ act as they do. A. what to cause them B. what cause to them C. what causes them to D. causes them to what 36. \"Has he come back? .... Yes, he __ back for three days. A. has come B. had come C. is D. has been 37. Ecology, __ the relationships between organisms and their environments, is also important in petroleum geology.(32课)

A. the study of B. it study C. that study D. studying

38. If all the continents and mountains were bulldozed flat, the earth __ covered by water.(55课)

A. would be B. would have been C. would had been D. would been

39. Those __ have six or more close friends are likely to describe themselves as \"very happy\".(50课)

A. who B. whose C. which D. they 40. Some habits of__ are incompatible with good health.

A. my husband B. my husbands' C. my husband's D. my husbands

出自课文 《56.Why Antarctica Is Being Explored 为什么要勘探南极洲》 and use. The Antarctica treaty applies to all areas (the high seas excepted) below latitude 60 degrees south. This line, running around the globe some

2,000 miles from the South Pole itself, just misses the lower tip of South America, and is well below the Cape of Good Hope and New Zealand. There are a number of small islands between this line and the Antarctic continent, but the waters here are known to mariners as \"the screaming Sixties\" because there is so little obstruction to the world-circling winds.

In contrast, in the northern hemisphere, the lands lying above the sixtieth parallel of latitude include much of Scandinavia, Siberia and Alaska, all of Greenland and Iceland, with a total population of several million. Great mountains help subdue the winds; a spur of the Gulf Stream and part of the Japan Current temper the frigid airs of this polar region. This, and the presence of the Arctic Ocean in the center of the great land mass, give the area a markedly different conformation and climate from that around the opposite pole.

Antarctica seems a vast basin of rock, filled and overflowing with a load of ice. In the heart of the continent it is almost as high as the summits of the Alps, yet soundings show that in some places the rock floor is below sea level. Actually, the ice accumulation is less than it was perhaps 1,000 years ago. Its seaward flow is not so voluminous as it once was, and as a result there are patches of bare rock here and there along the coast and inland. They were scoured clear of soil ages ago, but one may sometimes find moss or lichens growing, though virtually no flowering plants.

41. Unlike the North Pole, the South Pole is

A. not fixed in one position B. the same as the South Magnetic Pole C. on land covered with ice D. on water

42. The large area in the southern hemisphere is taken up by

A. the major part of South America B. oceans C. Australia D. Africa 43. The makers of the Antarctic Treaty clearly wanted to

A. prevent the Russians from settling in Antarctica B. prevent possession or control by any nation C. conserve its natural resources D. insure the safety of the natives of Antarctica

44. Land animals on the Antarctic continent

A. are insects only B. are relics of the prehistoric past C. are fur-bearing animals and cold-blooded D. exist only in the fossil state Questions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage: 出自课本《11.Smoking and Cancer吸烟和癌》

Americans smoke six thousand million cigarettes every year (1970 figures). This is roughly the equivalent of 4,195 cigarettes a year for every person in the country of 18 years of age or more. It is estimated that 51% of American men smoke compared with 34% of American women.

Since 1939, numerous scientific studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking, particularly cigarette smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.

Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than

non-smoking males. (Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.) The majority of doctors and researchers consider these relationships proved their point and say, \"Give up smoking. If you don't smoke--don't start!\"

Some doctors and research workers--though their small number is decreased even further--are less sure of the effect of cigarette smoking on health. They consider the increase in respiratory diseases and various forms of cancer may possibly be explained by other factors in the human environment--atmospheric pollution, increased nervous stress, chemical substance in processed food, or chemical pesticides that are now being used by farmers in large quantities to destroy insects and small animals. Smokers who develop cancer or lung diseases, they say, may also, by coincidence, live in industrial areas or eat more canned food. Gradually,

however, research is isolating all other possible factors and proving them to be statistically irrelevant.

Apart from the scientific statistics, it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco actually does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, small particles of ash, and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is a powerful poison, and black tar. As the smoke is breathed in, all these components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube, or bronchus, divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point. Smoking also affects the heart and blood vessels. It is known to be related to Beurger's disease, a narrowing of the small vessels in the hands and feet that can cause great pain and lead even to the amputation of limbs.

While all tobacco smoking affects life and expectancy and health, cigarette

smoking appears to have a much greater effect than cigar or pipe smoking. However, nicotine consumption is not decreased by the latter forms, and current research shows a causal relationship between all forms of smoking and cancer of the mouth and throat. Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only reduce, not eliminate the hazards. 45. What can we mainly get from the passage? A. Smoking is harmful to health. B. Women smokers are healthier than men smokers.

C. The increased diseases have something to do with pollution. D. Smoking cigarettes is more harmful than smoking pipes. 46. Cigarette smoking is believed by doctors to __

A. reduce nervous stress B. causes lung and throat cancer C. make life shorter but exciting D. broaden the blood vessels 47. Women smokers have a lower death rate than men smokers because __ A. women smoke light cigarettes B. women smoke less cigarettes

C. women's bodies can prevent nicotine D. women don't breathe in the smoke so deeply 48. What is Beurger's disease?

A. It is a kind of lung cancer. B. It happens in the hands and feet. C. It happens in the heart while smoking D. It is a kind of throat disease. Questions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:（课外文章） From National to InternationalDo you have what it takes?

It's our job to help you make that leap.The world is waiting. Are you ready? Is your small business ready to make that next step and expand abroad? A recent survey estimates that up to 40% of all small businesses are intending to do just that. Is your business making up this 40%? Making that move and expanding into the international market requires a different approach from the one you're used to. On a national level, it is often enough to sell the right products at the right price. Failure to adopt a different sales approach on the international market can often lead to failure as international customers expect different things. This is where we come in. The right knowledge and the right preparation can make all the difference on the international level.

The main aspects of the program we offer are: 1. How can weaknesses be identified and reduced?

2. How are cultural differences handled in the business world? 3. In-depth knowledge of district law, how does it help?

4. How can we target the right kind of international customers and how can we finance this bigger, more complicated international operation? 5. What can be done to create a foolproof business plan?

Cost of the course:$2,000 per person. If 4 or more people apply from the same company, then discounts can be arranged. Course times can be changed to accommodate your employees' schedule. This course is fully accredited by some top level colleges and universities. 49. Who will most likely benefit from this course? A. Anybody not interested in business administration B. A small international business manager C. An individual running a small company

D. Any owner of an international business hoping to go domestic 50. Why is there a danger of an international business failure? A. The price of shipping is too high. B. It takes too long to deliver products.

C. International customers do not speak the same language. D. The business owner cannot understand the local market. 51. What is NOT listed in the advertised program?

A. How to pay the international workforce B. The best way to study international law C. Cultural diversities that must be known exactly D. What we should learn from our deficiencies

52. What is the main advantage of participating in this study program? A. International travel B. Fixed schedule for the employees

C. The availability of discounts of 20% D. Credits that can be transferred to university courses Questions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:（课外文章） With the widespread and still growing use of personal computers, typing has become an indispensable part of our ordinary lives. As a result, many users now find they can't write even familiar words though they can type them quickly and correctly on a computer keyboard. To make matters worse, some people even forget how to write at all. Currently, 90 percent of students in America, a nation which has completely adapted to everyday use of computers and the Internet, are unable to write properly and clearly because they have been typing onto keyboards since early childhood. Many younger teachers also have trouble writing clearly on blackboard. A university student never imagined that he would lose the chance to get his first job because of his handwriting problem. Another student, for fear that she wouldn't be able to write well when doing the test papers for the university entrance examination, quit using a computer for two months before the exam.

\"It is not surprising,\" an expert of psychological medicine said. \"The occurrence can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, it's the result of social developments and the work needs of constant computer use. Secondly, it relates to introverted(内向的) personal character and lack of self-control abilities especially for those students who indulge in playing computer games.\"

Experts also think that many activities on computers make people's thoughts simplified, which also affects their lives in other aspects, such as how they communicate with others and the way they think.

Writing can strengthen human body's functions in psychology and physiology, which cannot be substituted by typing into a computer. Relevant research indicates that inscribing or drawing something on paper can leave a deep impression in the language processing areas of the central nervous system in the brain. This process does not occur when typing on a computer.

Experts' tips are arranging work time well and paying particular attention to not working in front of the screen for long periods of time and trying to read books and writing down something, such as keeping a diary or making notes with a pen regularly--it's a good way to strengthen the formation of words in one's memory.

53. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in this passage as a negative result of a user's constant work at a computer?

A. Harm for his physical conditions. B. Unsatisfactory personality. C. Problems in his communication with others. D. Deteriorated memory. 54. According to the experts, __

A. the user's problem in handwriting is helpless B. writing with a pen is also necessary besides typing C. computer users need more communication with others D. there should be more healthful computer games available 55. The word \"tips\" in the last paragraph means __ A. warnings B. predictions C. suggestions D. analysis 56. The title of this passage might be_

A. Harms of Typing at the Computer B. Keep Away From Your Computer C. The Advantages of Handwriting D. Pick Up Your Pencils and Write

Questions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage（课外文章，中石油职称英语网模拟考场“课外题库”阅读理解之一）

In 1939 two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald started a drive-in restaurant in San Bernardino, California. They carefully chose a busy comer for their location. They had run their own businesses for years, first a theater, then a barbecue restaurant, then another driven-in, but in their new operation, they offered a new, shortened menu: French fries, hamburgers, and sodas. To this minimal selection they added one new concept: quick service, no waiters or waitresses, and no tips. Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents. Cheese was another four cents. Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity, for the brothers had developed a strict routine for the preparation of their food, and they insisted on their cooks' sticking to that routine. Their new drive-in became incredibly popular, particularly for lunch. People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime. The self-service restaurant was so popular that the brothers had allowed ten copies of their restaurant to be opened. They were content with this modest success until they met Ray Kroc.

Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in 1954, when he was selling milkshake-mixing machines. He quickly saw the unique appeal of the brothers' fast-food restaurants and bought the right to franchise other copies of their

restaurants. The agreement struck included the right to duplicate the menu, the equipment, even their red and white buildings with the golden arches. Today McDonald's is literally a household name. Its names for its sandwiches have come to mean hamburger in the decades since the day Ray Kroc watched people rush up to order fifteen-cent hamburgers. In 1976, McDonald's had over $1 billion in total sales. Its first twenty-two years is one of the most incredible success stories in modern American business history. 57. This passage is mainly about __

A. the business careers of Mac and Dick McDonald B. how the brothers developed the routine for the preparation of their food C. Ray Kroc's business abilities D. the development of fast-food services 58. We can conclude from this passage that __

A. Mac and Dick McDonald never became wealthy because they sold their idea to Kroc B. Ray Kroc was a good businessman C. the location the McDonalds chose was the only source of the great popularity of their drive-in D. seventy years ago there were numerous fast-food restaurants 59. The passage suggests that __

A. creativity is an important element of success B. Ray Kroc spent long hours working in the first McDonald's C. the McDonalds sold only fresh homegrown vegetables D. California is the best place to go into business 60. As used in Para.3, the word \"franchise\" means

A. to copy B. to grant a special right C. to deprive D. to follow the example Section B

Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there arefour choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into thepassage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

About nine men in every hundred 61 from color blindness in some way;women are luckier--only about one in two hundred is affected in this manner.Perhaps, after all, it is safer to be driven by a woman.There are different forms of color blindness. In some cases, a man may not be able to see deep red. He may think that red, orange and yellow are shades of

green.Sometimes a person cannot 62 the difference between blue and green. In 63cases, an unlucky man may see everything in shades of green--a 64 world indeed.Sometimes color blindness can be dangerous. For example, when in the forest 65 soldiers use 66 to signal to 67. A green light may mean\" 68 \"and a 69light may mean \"Danger, keep back.\" You can seen what will 70 if somebody thinks that is green.

61. A. fall ill B. suffer C. get D. lose 62. A. tell B. say C. tall D. speak 63. A. little B. less C. rare D. few 64. A. beautiful B. ugly C. usual D. strange 65. A. at the night B. at night C. at afternoon D. in the morning 66. A. fire B. lights C. smoke D. flags 67. A. another B. the other C. the enemy D. each other 68. A. Advance B. Hazard C. On board D. Come back 69. A. bright B. weak C. red D. deep green 70. A. find B. cause C. happen D. disappear IV. Translation

Directions: There are some passages in this part of the test. You are to translate the passages into Chinese on your Answer Sheet. 71.（第34 课：地震时刻） B级

Earthquakes are the most terrible of all natural disasters. Asia has a history of huge earthquakes within its borders.

What causes these earthquakes? To answer this question we must first understand some things about the earth itself. The earth's crust is composed of many different layers of rocks. These layers of rocks are not laid evenly, as a bricklayer would build a wall. On the contrary, areas of the earth's crust are irregular and weak.As a result of the great stress that is put on these parts of the crust, the rock beds fold down towards the earth's core, which results in unstable spots along the earth's crust. This instability results in breaks along the crust. When a break occurs, or when two different sides of the crust rub against each other, the result is an earthquake.Geologists would like to be able to predict earthquakes accurately by using laser beams, gravity-measuring devices and some other devices. Should predictions of a quake in the future be accurate, many people may be able to save both their

lives and their property.

2012中石油职称英语水平考试

试卷类型：08

试卷一

I. Vocabulary

Directions: There are some incomplete sentences in this part. Beneath each

sentence you will see four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. 1. German, spoken by just over 100 million people, is one of the world's ten-largest languages __ population.

A. in place of B. by means of C. in terms of D. by way of

2. Four score and seven years ago our fathers __ on this continent a new nation. A. brought out B. brought forth C. brought about D. brought up 3. The taxi had to because the traffic light had turned red. A. set up B. catch up C. shut up D. pull up

4. There are no extremes of temperature on South Island. Summers are warm, not hot, and winters are brisk __ freezing.

A. in spite of B. other than C. rather than D. regardless of

5. After we had been in the village for a few months, we so liked it that we decided to settle there

A. in turn B. for good C. as usual D. at most

6. Generous public funding of basic science would __ considerable benefits for the country's health, wealth and security.

A. result from B. lie in C. lead to D. figure out

7. Although I spoke to him many times, he never took any __ of what I said. A. notice B. warning C. observation D. attention

8. Our company decided to __ the contract because a number of the conditions in it had not been met.

A. destroy B. forbidden C. assume D. cancel 9. We'll visit Australia next year __ we have enough money. A. provided B. unless C. until D. lest 10. Scientists are about the formation of coal.

A. confidential B. confer C. confident D. conform

11. William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, defended the right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion.

A. peculiarly B. indifferently C. vigorously D. inevitably

12. The Great Wall is a famous tourist , drawing millions of visitors every year. A. attention B. attraction C. appointment D. arrangement

13. Purchasing the new production line will be a __ deal for the corporation. A. profitable B. tremendous C. forceful D. favorite

14. He felt a bit because her life seemed completely out of balance. A. depressed B. suppress C. thoughtful D. weakness

15. Some people wait for__ to come knocking. Some people sought it out. A. necessity B. opportunity C. reality D. probability

16. Some younger workers assume older workers can't keep __ with fast-changing technology and business pressures.

A. pace B. step C. progress D. touch

17. If things are going badly, the optimist acts quickly, looking for __ and forming a new plan of action.

A. result B. solutions C. response D. settlement

18. The lead pencil is the simplest, most and least expensive of all writing instruments.

A. adaptable B. comfortable C. convenient D. standard

19. Now insurance companies are near the top of the __ of the biggest business in the United States.

A. chart B. form C. list D. table

20. Sales-promotion methods, to be effective, should be with local preference. A. consistent B. continuous C. considerate D. continual II. Grammatical Structure

Directions: There are some incomplete sentences in this part. Beneath each

sentence you will see Jbur choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

21. The old man soaked his hands in the cold water and __ to keep his head clear. A. tried B. trying C. being tried D. was tried 22. Smith was very busy last week. Otherwise he to see you.

A. came B. would come C. had come D. would have come

23. With all the things she needed ~ she would leave the market for the streets of the town to spend another hour.

A. buy B. bought C. buying D. to have bought 24. I appreciated __ the opportunity to work abroad three years ago. A. having been given B. having given C. to have been given D. to have given

25. He has won the first place, __ is clear from the expressions on his face. A. that B. as C. what D. when 26. Only later what a terrible thing had happened. A. they have realized B. did they realize C. they realized D. they realize

27. __ planes in flight between airports, air traffic controllers rely on radar. A. Tracked B. To track C. Being tracked D. The tracking of

28. I wish Bob would drive us to the airport but he has __ to take us all. A. very small a car B. too small a car C. a too small car D. such a small car 29. He is taller than

A. any other boy in the class B. any boy in the class

C. all boys in the class D. you and me as well as the class 30. Physics as well as other subjects __ a science.

A. was B. is C. are D. belong to 31. \"I always get confused about tipping in this country.\"

\"Usually you __ to leave 15 percent for a waiter or waitress. Taxi drivers expect 10 or 15 percent, too.\"

A. ought B. should C. might D. can

32. millions of galaxies exist in the vast space outside the Milky Way. A. It is estimated that B. An estimate that C. That is estimated D. That the estimate

33. As resident of Texas, Dennis __ to the House of Representatives in 1930 and to the Senate in 1938.

A. when elected B. elected

C. who was elected D. was elected

34. The instructions are too clear on the bottle: These tablets __ they are able to

make about twenty different sounds.

A. will be kept B. are to be kept C. shall keep D. shall have kept

35. Green have the power to make food from substances found in the air and soil.

A. only plants B. plants alone

C. the only plants D. plants are alone 36. China and America are separated by __

A. Pacific Ocean B. a Pacific Ocean C. the Pacific Ocean D. Pacific Oceans 37. \"I don't like your attitude.\" \"I don't care __

A. if or not you like it B. whether you like it or not C. do you like it or not D. you like it or not

38. __ I go on holiday, I always seem to be unlucky with the weather. A. Where B. How C. Whenever D. While

39. Many live in Hawaii, more than __ of whose people boast on Asian or Polynesian heritage.

A. two-thirds B. two-third C. second-third D. two-three

40. It is the earth's 40 mile deep crust with __ we are concerned when we seek the cause of earthquake.

A. that B. what C. which D. whom III. Reading Comprehension Section A

Directions: There are 5passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:

Scientists now believe that many, if not all, living things are born with some type of hidden clock. These clocks are sometimes set by the number of hours of light or darkness in a day, by the rhythm of the tides or by the seasons.

One of the most remarkable of nature's living clocks belongs to the fiddler crab,

that familiar beach-dweller with the overgrown claw. Biologists have long known that the crab's shell is darkest during the day, grows pale in late afternoon, then begins to darken again at daybreak. This daytime darkening is valuable for

protection against enemies and sunlight, and for many years it was thought to be a simple response by the crab to the sun--just as if we were to get a tan during the day

and lose it at night.

But when an enterprising scientist placed a fiddler crab in darkness, he was amazed to find that the color of the crab's shell kept ticking off the time with the same accuracy.

Yet another startling fact was revealed: the crab's shell reached the darkest color

about 50 minutes later each day. There was a second clock inside the crab, for the tides also occur 50 minutes later from day to day. Moreover, even when the crabs were taken from the beach and put back in the dark, they continued their tidal rhythm. More research disclosed that a crab from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, reached its darkest color four hours earlier than the one taken from a beach on a neighboring island. The tides on the nearby island were found to be exactly four hours later than the Cape Cod tides.

Birds also have built-in timepieces which send them off on fall and spring migrations. What the birds really have is a clock-like mechanism which allows them to time hours of darkness or light in each day.

But what sends birds northward again in the spring? New research by Dr. Albert Wolfson of Northwestern University seems to indicate that the timing of return flight is extraordinarily complex. In the fall of the year the short days and long nights cause the \"clocks\" in migratory birds to undergo a kind of \"winding\" in preparation for their spring return and breeding. Then during the late fall and winter as the clock

\"ticks\during the winter determines how fast the clock will run, and hence when the \"alarm\" will ring for the spring migration. The clock continues to run through breeding time, then stops--to be re-wound again the next fall.

Scientists are now learning that many of the clocks of nature can be reset, speeded up or slowed down--all for our benefit. Pioneering experiments at the U. S. Department of Agriculture's research center in Beltsville, Maryland, have shown that plants can be helped to develop faster in less time. By increasing or lessening the hours of darkness in each day, the scientists have been able to mm plant growth off and on like an electric switch.

New knowledge about nature's living clocks has practical applications. For man, too, seems to follow daily rhythms. The amount of sugar in our blood stream varies with the time of day, as does our temperature. More of the cells in our skin and muscles divide during the night hours than during the day. By tinkering with the clocks of plants and animals, scientists may learn more about the fascinating way our bodies work.

41. Although scientists know that the number of hours of daylight controls the actions of some living things, they know that this is not the only factor because A. the fiddler crab's shell reached the darkest color at the same time in Cape Cod, Massachusetts and its neighboring island

B. the fiddler crab continued to change color in the dark C. plants will not grow without sunlight D. all of the above

42. From this article we conclude that these rhythms in nature occur most spectacularly __

A. in the higher orders of living things B. in the lower orders of living things C. in birds and animals D. in man

43. Scientists have learned to control to some extent the naturally rhythmical activities of

A. migrating birds B. growing plants C. body cells D. fiddler crabs

44. This article is basically __ A. informational B. entertaining C. inspirational D. controversial

Questions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:

There are several ways of listening that net us nothing but trouble, according to

Dr. Ralph Nichols of the University of Minnesota. If we recognize and try to

conquer them, we can step up our listening ability by about twenty-five percent and thereby greatly increase our chances for success in our daily lives.

Unless you are very unusual indeed, says Dr. Nichols, you must plead guilty to several of the following bad listening habits:

Shut-Ear Listening: Maybe you feel you already know what the speaker is

going to say. Or his subject couldn't interest you less. You mm off your ears--and who knows what you may be missing or when a little knowledge on that subject may come in mighty handy? Anyway, why take the risk?

Over-My-Head Listening: You are convinced that the subject is beyond you, so you depart, at least in spirit. You may be right. And then again you may be wrong. If you let the words enter your mind, you may be surprised to discover that they make sense. But even if they are as strange as Greek to you, you should try to listen and understand. Otherwise you may find some day that you must attempt to grasp an over-your-head idea and be totally unable even to try.

Memory Test Listening: Some people think that trying to memorize a series of facts is good listening. They are wrong. For instance, you are getting a story for

your

school paper on an assembly speaker. He makes a series of points. You try to memorize them. But while you are busy planting facts A, B, and C in your mind, repeating them over and over, you are losing out on facts D and E. Better to look for

main ideas. You will find them more useful and easier to recall later.

Take-It-All-Down Listening: When you try to get too many of the speaker's words on paper, part of your mind must be concerned with your note-taking. You are unable to concentrate fully on what he is saying. You risk losing valuable points. Where note-taking is necessary--and you may be surprised to find out how often it isn't if you concentrate fully on listening--try to jot down only a memory-jogging word or two. Or put the main ideas on paper after the speaker has finished. The more complete attention you give the speaker, the easier it will be to recall his ideas later.

Personality Listening: You become so concerned with the way the speaker

looks or how he talks that what he says fails to penetrate. Perhaps unconsciously you

decide that a person who dresses or speaks like that can't have much to say. That could be a very false conclusion. Who knows what you may be missing? It's the old story: you can't judge a gift by the package. Better to judge him after you have heard him out.

So there are the forces--some within ourselves, some outside--that work

against us in our efforts to listen. But once we learn what they are and how to fight them, we are well on our way to getting rid of wasteful listening habits. 45. The author suggests that it is a serious mistake

A. to ignore a speaker whose subject seems to be beyond you B. to stop listening when the speaker's voice is not clear C. to look away from the speaker

D. to do anything physical while listening 46. The author advises against A. taking notes

B. trying to remember details rather than main ideas C. listening too intently

D. reviewing the material after the speech is finished

47. Although this article is directed to the listener a speaker could conclude from it

that

A. he should never choose a controversial topic B. he should speak as quickly as possible

C. humor is a necessary part of a good speech

D. his manner, actions, voice, and appearance should not attract unfavorable attention

48. A person with several bad listening habits would be considered by Dr. Nichols

A. hopeless B. normal

C. a difficult case D. lazy

Questions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:

An important new industry, oil refining, grew after the Civil War. Crude oil, or

petroleum--a dark, thick ooze from the earth--had been known for hundreds of years. But little use had ever been made of it. In the 1850's Samuel M. Kier, a manufacturer in western Pennsylvania, began collecting the oil from local seepage and refining it into kerosene. Refining, like smelting, is a process of removing impurities from a raw material.

Kerosene was used to light lamps. It was a cheap substitute for whale oil, which was becoming harder to get. Soon there was a large demand for kerosene. People began to search for new supplies of petroleum.

The first oil well was drilled by E.L. Drake, a retired railroad conductor. In 1859

he began drilling in Titusville, Pennsylvania. The whole venture seemed so

impractical and foolish that onlookers called it \"Drake's Folly.\" But when he had drilled down about 70 feet (21 meters), Drake struck oil. His well began to yield 20

barrels of crude oil a day.

News of Drake's success brought oil prospectors to the scene. By the early 1860's these wildcatters were drilling for \"black gold\" all over western Pennsylvania.

The boom rivaled the California gold rush of 1848 in its excitement and Wild West atmosphere. And it brought far more wealth to the prospectors than any gold rush. Crude oil could be refined into many products. For some years kerosene

continued to be the principal one. It was sold in grocery stores and door-to-door. In

the 1880's and 1890's refiners learned how to make other products such as waxes and lubricating oils. Petroleum was not then used to make gasoline or heating oil. 49. What is the best title for the passage? A. Oil Refining: A Historical Perspective

B. The California Gold Rush: Get Rich Quickly

C. Private Property: Trespassers Will Be Prosecuted D. Kerosene Lamps: A Light in the Tunnel

50. According to the passage, many people initially thought that E. L. Drake had made a mistake by

A. going on a whaling expedition B. moving to Pennsylvania C. searching for oil

D. retiring from his job

~i~ ~fd: 08

51. Why does the author mention the California gold rush? A. To explain the need for an increased supply of gold B. To indicate the extent of United States mineral wealth C. To describe the mood when oil was first discovered D. To argue that gold was more valuable than oil

52. The author mentions all of the following as possible products of crude oil EXCEPT.

A. gasoline B. kerosene C. wax D. plastic

Questions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:

Supervisors Quarterly Meeting October 25

8:32 -- VP Hamilton begins the meeting and notes that six people are present. 8:35 -- Hamilton gives quarterly performance briefing by department.

Human Resources: The number of employee complaints this quarter was very low. Employee satisfaction events have been very successful. Accounting: Both company and customer paperwork was completed very slowly this quarter The new Q-Form system does not work very well. Sales: Sales were down this quarter. Many new customers opened contracts with the company; however, several larger old accounts were lost. Design: Several new employees were hired this quarter and they have produced very good work. However, the rate of production needs to increase.

8:58 The meeting is opened for discussion. Sales Supervisor James suggests that Sales could design a program of benefits for loyal customers. 9:02 -- Accounting Supervisor Thomas says that Accounting has a program for keeping track of customer satisfaction and offers assistance.

9:12 James thanks Thomas for the offer and suggests that they meet to discuss it. 9:15 Hamilton asks if there is any more discussion. 9:17 -- Hamilton adjourns the meeting. 53. How long did the meeting last? A. An hour.

B. A quarter of an hour.

C. Three quarters of an hour. D. Forty minutes.

54. How many different people spoke at the meeting? A. Six. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.

55. Which department did not receive any criticism during the briefing? A. Human Resources.

B. Accounting. C. Sales. D. Design.

56. What problem will James try to solve before the next quarterly meeting? A. Work is not being produced fast enough. B. Paperwork is being done too slowly. C. More new employees need to be hired.

D. Loyal customers are not being satisfied.

Questions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:

Only one generation ago, Mauritania's capital city was many days' walk from the Sahara. Today it is in the Sahara. The sand blows through the city streets and piles up against walls and fences. The desert stretches out as far as the eye can see.

In some parts of the Amazon rain forest in Brazil, all the trees have been cut down. The earth lies bare and dry in the hot sun. Nothing grows there anymore. Over vast areas of every continent, the rainfall and vegetation necessary for life

are disappearing. Already more than 40 percent of the earth's land is desert or desert-like. About 628 million people---one out of seven--live in these dry regions. In the past, they have managed to survive, but with difficulty. Now, largely through problems caused by modem life, their existence is threatened by the slow, steady spread of the earth's deserts.

Many countries are experiencing similar problems. Poor land is farmed until it

is worn out, and trees are cut for firewood, leaving the soil unprotected against wind

and rain. In Peru, Chile, and Brazil, some areas that once were covered with forests now look like the moon. In India, some land has been so badly damaged by farming and tree cutting that mud now slides into the Indus and Ganges rivers. Cattle, sheep, and goats add to the problem by eating grass and other plants faster than they can grow back. In the United States, some highly populated areas (such as Los Angeles) are really deserts. Water must be piped in from hundreds of miles away--and this affects the water supply of other California communities.

Scientists still do not understand all the complex problems of the desert, but there have been many ideas for saving the land. Saudi Arabia has planted 10 million trees to help keep the sand from taking over fertile areas. The Israelis are again using

some of the water collection systems left by the ancient peoples in the Negev desert. They plan to water their orchards with the extra water. Some Sahel farmers still raise

cattle on their poor farm land, but before the cattle are sold, they are taken to greener

lands in the south to get fat.

57. According to paragraph 1 what has happened in Mauritania?

A. The Sahara has spread until it has reached Mauritania capital. B. Nothing has happened

C. It takes many days to walk through the Sahara.

D. Mauritania has moved its capital city into the Sahara. 58. In paragraph 3, \"one out of seven\" refers to

A. the number of people who live in dry regions.

B. the percentage of the earth's land that is desert-like. C. more than a third of the land's earth D. both A and C.

59. Paragraph 4 says \"trees are cut for firewood.\" This is an example of A. Peru's problems. B. India's problems.

C. California's problems.

D. both A and B. \"

60. In paragraph 5 \"they are taken to the greener lands in the south. They refers to

A. the Sahel farm land. B. the farmers. C. the cattle. D. both B and C.

Section B

Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

Alfred Nobel, 61 of dynamite, was born in Sweden on October 21, 1833. In 1842, he moved to Russia, where he was educated. But he spent most of his time in Paris, where he studied chemistry. 62 his return from Paris, he began his study of explosives in his father's laboratory.

Being inventive and imaginative, in 1867, he 63 inventing a new explosive, dynamite, which made him world-famous. During his life time, he took more than 100 patents. But he was not interested in 64, he was most generous 65 the poor. His 66 wish was to bring happiness and peace to the whole world. That was why he had devoted 67 his time and money 68 this cause and at his death in 1896, Alfred Nobel, in his famous 69, 70 all his money $9,200,200 to set up a fund to provide prizes for the most outstanding work in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, peace and economics.

61. A. an inventor B. the inventor C. invented D. inventing 62. A. Before B. After C. When D. While

63. A. failed to B. succeeded in C. liked D. was interested in 64. A. making a living B. making money C. becoming poor D. earning a living 65. A. to B. of C. for D. on

66. A. only B. well C. one D. barely

67. A. a little of B. little of C. much of D. many of 68. A. for B. to C. at D. in

69. A. will B. speech C. story D. invention 70. A. leaving B. to leave C. left D. to be

试卷二 IV. Translation

Directions: There are some passages in this part of the test. You are to translate the passages into Chinese on your Answer Sheet. A级：

71. Geologists, in contrast to some nongeologists, believe that knowledge of the concepts of geology can help to find petroleum and, furthermore, often think that petroleum geology and petroleum exploration are synonyms, which they are not. Guesses that petroleum is formed by the transformation of highly compressed organic material is already well known among the scientific community. If the petroleum geologists' view of oil generation and migration are not accepted, then present exploration methods would need extensive modification.

Some petroleum explorationists still do not admit to a need for geologists to aid them in their search. In 1982 a successful oil finder from Midland, Texas, admitted to not using geologists because when his competitors hired them, all it did was to increase their costs per barrel of oil found. The Russian State Oil Company is

under a statutory obligation imposed by its government to put to the test every claim to an oil-finding method, be it a dowsing or some sophisticated scientific technique. There are many examples of the previous case, and some scientists argue that drilling according to a set of scientific data has the same outcome as drilling randomly.

Petroleum geology is only one aspect of petroleum exploration and

production. Leaving aside atypical (t~) enterprises, petroleum exploration now involves integrated teams of people possessing a wide range of professional skills. These skills include deep knowledge of local social situations, which is involved in

the purchase of potential oil fields especially in developing countries. Geophysical surveying is involved in collecting data that helps people decide where drilling is most appropriate. Petroleum engineering is concerned with activities related to the most effective way of producing crude oil and natural gas. B级：

71. (~)Geologists, in contrast to some nongeologists, believe that knowledge of the concepts of geology can help to find petroleum.

~Some petroleum explorationists still do not admit to a need for geologists to aid them in their search. In 1982 a successful oil finder from Midland, Texas, admitted to not using geologists because when his competitors hired them, all it did was to increase their costs per barrel of oil found. There are many examples of the previous case, and some scientists argue that drilling according to a set of

scientific

data has the same outcome as drilling randomly.

~Petroleum geology is only one aspect of petroleum exploration and

production. Leaving aside atypical (tg~,~) enterprises, petroleum exploration now involves integrated teams of people possessing a wide range of professional skills. These skills include deep knowledge of local social situations, which is involved in

the purchase of potential oil fields especially in developing countries. Geophysical surveying is involved in collecting data that helps people decide where drilling is most appropriate. Petroleum engineering is concerned with activities related to the most effective way of producing crude oil and natural gas.

试卷二 （类型09）

（附上类型09帮助大家比较不同试卷的变动） IV. Translation

Directions: There are some passages in this part of the test. You are to translate the

passages into Chinese on your Answer Sheet. A~:

71. (~)Geologists, contrary to normal working folks, believe that knowledge of the concepts of geology can help to find petroleum and, furthermore, often think that petroleum geology and petroleum exploration are synonyms, which they are not. Theories that petroleum is not formed by the transformation of organic matter in sediments have already been noted and are examined in more detail. If the petroleum geologists' view of oil generation and migration are not accepted, then present exploration methods would need extensive modification.

(~)Some petroleum explorationists still do not admit to a need for geologists to

aid them in their search. In 1975 a well-known oil researcher from Dallas, Texas was determined in not allowing geologists join his team, because he believed that they were too expensive and decreased his profits per barrel significantly. Saudi Arabian Oil Company is under a statutory obligation imposed by its government to put to the test every claim to an oil-finding method, be it a dowsing or some sophisticated scientific technique. These examples are not isolated cases, and it has been argued that oil may better be found by random drilling than by the appliance of scientific principles.

~Petroleum geology is only one aspect of petroleum exploration and

production. The task of finding petroleum in modem times requires a knowledgeable and varying group of professionals to work together to achieve the same goal. These skills include political and social expertise, which is involved in the purchase of potential oil fields especially in unstable countries. Geophysical surveying is involved in preparing the initial data on which drilling recommendations are based on. Petroleum engineering is concerned with establishing the reserves of a field, the

distribution of petroleum within the reservoir, and the most effective way of producing it.

B~:

71. (~)Geologists, contrary to normal working folks, believe that knowledge of the concepts of geology can help to find petroleum.

~)Some petroleum explorationists still do not admit to a need for geologists to

aid them in their search. In 1975 a well-known oil researcher from Dallas, Texas was determined in not allowing geologists join his team, because he believed that they were too expensive and decreased his profits per barrel significantly. These

examples are not isolated cases, and it has been argued that oil may better be found by random drilling than by the appliance of scientific principles.

(~)Petroleum geology is only one aspect of petroleum exploration and

production. The task of finding petroleum in modem times requires a knowledgeable and varying group of professionals to work together to achieve the same goal. These skills include political and social expertise, which is involved in the purchase of potential oil fields especially in unstable countries. Geophysical surveying is involved in preparing the initial data on which drilling recommendations are based on. Petroleum engineering is concerned with establishing the reserves of a field, the

distribution of petroleum within the reservoir, and the most effective way of producing it.

14

石油人 第五届职称英语班培训材料

2013中石油职称英语水平考试

I. Vocabulary

Directions: There are some incomplete sentences in this part. Beneath each

sentence you will see four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. 1. Charles is my all-weather friend. When I honestly need his____, he is on my side.

A. debates B. permission C. comprehension D. support 2. After the neutral warm-up, US negotiating partners quickly _____the point. A. see to B. get to C. leave out D. go by

3. Plants use the carbon, along with sunlight, for growth, and _____ oxygen into

the atmosphere in a process known as photosynthesis.

A. relieve B. relate C. release D. retain

4. We all gather facts and_____ conclusions, but we have very different styles of thinking.

A. pull B. draw C. take D. receive 5. Alberta __ fourth in population among Canadian provinces.

A. ranks B. occupies C. arranges D. classifies

6. In a given month, Friday is the 21st day of the month. What day of the week was the 5th of the month?

A. Monday B. Thursday C. Saturday D. Wednesday

7. ______his high rank and position, the President takes social leadership almost over everyone else.

A. By right of B. By virtue of C. By name of D. By chance of 8. The CEO needs an assistant that he can __ to take care of problems in his absence.

A. count in B. count up C. count on D. count out

9. The Beijing government has finally decided to cut subway __ by about 30 percent to boost public transport.

A. fees B. fares C. payments D. costs

10. None of the waiters were _____ when Mr. Smith wanted to order dishes in the restaurant.

A. available B. attainable C. approachable D. applicable

11. A veteran employee can _____ his knowledge and skills to the next generation.

A. transform B. translate C. transfer D. transport

12. When you've finished reading a book, and the pages are filled with your notes

in the_____, you know you read actively.

A. intervals B. borders C. margins D. edges

13. A complete refining installation must include waste __ and water-treating equipment.

A. dismissal B. survival C. disposal D. range

14. The fast development of the world economy will __ many new problems.

石油人 第五届职称英语班培训材料

A. bring about B. bring around C. bring out D. bring up

15. Many Chinese restaurants pride themselves __ their cooking and service. A. with B. about C. on D. of 16. The artist __ his trip to Paris because he was ill.

A. called off B. closed down C. put up D. went off

17. Methanol-fueled vehicles would __ an immediate lessening of urban air pollution.

A. attribute to B. attend to C. contribute to D. devote to 18. Love can __ imperfection.

A. resist B. sustain C. undergo D. tolerate

19. A global firm's profits can __ dramatically depending on the strength of its home currency and the currencies of the countries in which it operates. A. vary B. change C. alter D. convert 20. Sometimes even the smallest thing will upset an __ person.

A. annoyed B. irritated C. irritable D. angry II. Grammatical Structure

Directions: There are some incomplete sentences in this part. Beneath each sentence you will see four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

21. Certain layers of the atmosphere have special names __ A. which indicated their character properties B. whose characteristic properties are indicating C. what characterize their indicated properties D. that indicate their characteristic properties 22. __, he had to leave school.

A. Since his father's unemployment

B. Since his father was unemployed C. His father was unemployment

D. Because of his father was unemployment

23. __ astrology and alchemy may be regarded as fundamental aspects of thought is indicated by their apparent universality.

A. Both are B, What both C. Both D. That both 24. I wonder how long ago this school __

A. has begun B. begins C. began D. has started 25. In 1864 Nevada entered the United States as __ thirty-sixth state. A. a B. the C. that D. an

26. Because of my poor English, I'm afraid I can't make myself_____.

A. understanding B. understand C. understood D. to understand 27. __ the radio, he began to go over his lessons.

A. Turning off B. Turned off C. Turn off D. Having turned off 28. The central purpose of management is __ every action or decision help achieve a carefully chosen goal.

A. for making B. of making C. to make D. being maken

石油人 第五届职称英语班培训材料

29. The grape is the_____, juicy fruit of a woody wine.

A. smooth-skinned B. skinned is smooth C. skin, which is smooth D. smooth skin 30. This is an old clock that is not only very beautiful but __

A. also it tells time accurately B. it too tells time accurately C. it accurately tells time also D. also accurate 31. If only we __ then the disease was curable.

A. knew B. could know C. had known D. would have known 32. The bookcase __ when we were moving it.

A. damaged B. has damaged C. was being damaged D. got damaged

33. He failed his exam, __ proved that he wasn't working hard enough. A. what B. which C. this D. of which

34. It is human nature to think back to a Golden Age __ one's country was strong and respected.

A. when B. provided C. as D. unless 35. Alice __ my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now. A. ought to have received B. haven't received

C. has been received D. couldn't have received 36. Not until the year of 1962 __ made the capital of this country. A. the city was B. when the city was C. was the city D. was when the city 37. I need ______more volunteers to help clean the classroom.

A. none B. any C. few D. some 38. The more he encouraged the boy, __

A. the more fast he responded B. he responded more fast C. the faster he responded D. he responded faster

39. Some of the world's best mountain scenery __ available near the Southern Alps.

A. is B. are C. maybe D. has been

40. At fourteen __ at a district school near her home, and when she was sixteen, she saw her first article in print.

A. the first teaching position that Marian Barrett had B. the teaching position was Marian Barrett's first C. when Marian Barrett had her first teaching position D. Marian Barrett had her first teaching position III. Reading Comprehension Section A

Directions: There are 5passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4

questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:

石油人 第五届职称英语班培训材料

The clean-energy business is turning into the next big investment boom, in which risks are lightly ignored. Until recently, recalls Charlie Gay, a 30-year veteran of the solar power business, venture capitalists were far too busy catering to captains of the information-technology industry to waste time on \"hippy-dippy tree-huggers\" like himself. But now the tree-huggers are in the ascendant and the IT barons are busy investing in clean-energy technology.

Investors are falling over themselves to finance start-ups in clean technology, especially in energy. Venture Business Research reckons that investment in the field by venture capitalists and private-equity firms has quadrupled in the past two years, from some $500 m in 2004 to almost $2 billion so far this year. The share of venture capital going into clean energy is rising rapidly.

Clean-energy fever is being fuelled by three things: high oil prices, fears over energy security and a growing concern about global warming. The provision of

energy, the industry’s cheerleaders say, will change radically over the coming decades. Polluting coal and gas-fired power stations will give way to cleaner alternatives such as solar and wind; fuels derived from plants and waste will replace petrol and diesel; and small, local forms of electricity generation will replace big power stations feeding far-flung grids. Eventually, it is hoped, fuel cells running on hydrogen will take the place of the internal combustion engine which is available everywhere. It is a bold vision, but even if it happens very slowly, or only to a limited extent, supporters argue that it will still prompt tremendous growth for firms in the business.

Analysts confidently predict the clean-energy business will grow by 20 %-30 a year for a decade. Jefferies, an investment bank that organized a recent conference on the industry in London, asked participants how soon solar power would become competitive with old-fashioned generation technologies: in 2010, 2015 or 2020. About three-quarters of those present, one visitor happily observed, were\"

check-writers\". This \"megatrend\job and wealth-creation opportunity of the 21st century.\"

Such exaggeration might remind people of the dotcom bubble. But clean-energy advocates insist growth is sustainable because of the likes Of Mr. Schwarzenegger. The Governor is a hero in green circles because of his enthusiasm for

environmental regulation. He easily won reelection partly because he seized on global warming as a concern and signed into law--America’s first wide-ranging scheme to cap greenhouse-gas emissions.

41. According to the first two paragraphs we can learn that __

A. Clean energy business is booming while the risks are totally overlooked B. Venture capitalists have wasted much money on \"hippy-dippy tree

石油人 第五届职称英语班培训材料

hungers\"

C. Clean energy business is surging and changes the venture capital market

D. The IT barons are disinterested in clean-energy technology 42. Which of the following is true of Para.3?

A. Clean energy fever is fuelled mainly by human psychological weakness. B. The energy provision for the coming decades will change slowly.

C. Hydrogen as a new energy will replace traditional energy forms like coal and gas.

D. Supporters of clean energy business are pretty optimistic about its future.

43. The word \"check-writers\" (Line 6, Para.4) is closest in meaning to __ A. tycoons B. donators C. investors D. celebrities

44. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that __

A. Clean energy industry and the dotcom industry have the same business model

B. The dotcom industry might have undergone a rapid but unsustainable development

C. Schwarzenegger insisted that growth in clean energy business isn't sustainable

D. Global warming has become a popular and decisive issue in political elections all over the world

Questions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:

Development of the Kelly's Hero restaurant chain in the Latin America region is going strong as the chain announces the opening of its 50th location in Mexico, doubling the number of its operating locations there in 12 months.

Kelly's Hero's presence in Mexico dates back to 1999, and now the market is the Philadelphia-based company's third largest in the world.

\"The development pace for Kelly's Hero in Mexico that we projected in 2004 is at full speed. And by gaining more than 25 new locations during one year, we're telling the competition and investors that we're hitting our targets and really mean business,\" says Kelly's Hero's Latin America regional director, Francis Mendes.

\"Everyone is proud of this accomplishment. It shows that anything is possible when a great team works together. And we expect the strong growth to continue.\"The milestone sandwich shop opened in the Mexico City district of Polanco and it is owned and operated by Kelly's Hero franchisees Maura and Lucas Hendricks, who now own two Kelly's Hero restaurants and have another under construction.

The Hendricks chose to open a Kelly's Hero restaurant because they frequented the chain while traveling and liked the food.

The Kelly's Hero restaurant chain, celebrating its 30th anniversary this year, is the world's fourth largest sandwich franchise, with more than 1,900 locations in 75

石油人 第五届职称英语班培训材料

countries. The company is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA, and has regional offices in Brussels, Melbourne, Atlanta, Rio de Janeiro, and Tokyo.

45. What is learned about the store that has recently opened in Mexico? A. It is the company's largest store there.

B. Its menu is different from the rest of the company's stores. C. Its sales are lower than expected.

D. It is the company's 50th store there. 46. When did Kelly's Hero first open in Mexico? A. In 1985 B. In 1999 C. In 2004 D. In 2005

47. How can Francis Mendez's statements best be described? A. As nervous B. As confident C. As disappointed D. As helpful

48. Which of the following cities is NOT home to a Kelly's Hero regional headquarters? A. Melbourne B. Mexico City C . Tokyo D. Atlanta

Questions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage: One of the earliest and most influential proponents of the idea of continental drift was a German astronomer, meteorologist, and explorer named Alfred Wegener. In 1912 he advanced good arguments to support the idea that at one time there was no Atlantic Ocean. The Americas and Greenland were welded with Europe, Africa, Australia and Antarctica into one large continent, Pangaea.

His strongest argument seemed to be the remarkable similarity of the continental margins on opposite sides of the Atlantic. But he also looked at similarities in ancient geologic structures, fossil records, and ancient climates to support his hypothesis. He pointed out that some unique geological structures in the

Americas terminate abruptly in the Atlantic Ocean and then continue again on the other side of the Atlantic, as if the structures had formed when the continents were together and then were cleaved as the continents tore apart. He showed that the fossil records on both sides of the Atlantic were similar up to about a hundred million years ago and then showed divergence, indicating that the continents had become isolated from each other at that time. Finally, by using fossils and sediments, he was able to demonstrate that ancient climates on both sides of the Atlantic were similar, although they were quite different from those presently found in the respective regions.

石油人 第五届职称英语班培训材料

Wegener’s interesting ideas were too revolutionary to be easily accepted or seriously considered at the time. He died in 1930, more than two decades before further evidence forced reconsideration and eventual acceptance of his revolutionary way of looking at our world.

49. Wegener's ideas about continental drift are properly termed a \"hypothesis\" (line 9) because

A. his written records state it as such.

B. absolute proof did not exist in his day.

C. he was just beginning a scientific study of the topic. D. that is what all scientific theories are called.

50. Which of the following best describe the organization of this passage?

A. a typical biographical sketch focusing on a person's main achievement B. thesis, supporting statements, conclusion

C. general material first, followed by specific points

D. problem statement broken down into separate components

51. Wegener advanced all of the following in support of his theory EXCEPT A. continental edge lands on either side of the Atlantic. B. ancient earth and land structures. C. ancient data and recorded history.

D. ancient climates on both sides of the Atlantic.

52. Based on information in the passage, we can see that acceptance of Wegener's 1912 theory was hindered by

A. failure of the media to present his theory.

B. his failure to document similarities on either side of the Atlantic. C. its own revolution in scientific thought. D. utter lack of interest from colleagues.

Questions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage: As more Americans do more things online, Internet identity theft is a

growing--and very costly--problem. Consider the following six aspects and learn the best ways to protect yourself.

Guard Your Personal Information. Never respond to requests for personal or account information online (or over the phone). When your social security number is requested as an identifier, ask if you can provide alternate information. Watch out for convincing imitations of banks, card companies, charities and government agencies. Use legitimate sources of contact information to verify requests for information, such as your financial institution’s official website or the telephone number listed on statements.

Don’t overshare. Don’t divulge your birth date, mother’s maiden name, pet’s

name or any other identifying information on social media websites such as Facebook, LinkedIn or Twitter.

石油人 第五届职称英语班培训材料

Beware of Fake Online Sweepstakes and Contests. All offers that require payment or private information before giving an award are bogus. Take the time to check out the validity of an offer. Ask for contact information from the sender and details about the company running the contest. Once you start asking a lot of questions and make it clear you won’t be pushed to make an immediate decision, most scammers will go away.

Ask What Your Bank Is Doing to Protect You. Understand banks’ guarantees for fraud protection: all large providers now offer zero-liability protection for debit and credit cards, while a few offer a guarantee for online banking transactions.

Keep a Close Eye on Your Finances. Monitor your bank and credit card accounts weekly. Sign up for alerts to be sent to your mobile phone or email.

Monitor your credit and public information online to spot unauthorized activity. Free credit reports from each of the three major credit bureaus are available each year through annualcreditreport.com. Optional fee-based services offer more extensive monitoring of credit information, personal identity records, social security numbers and online transactions.

Report It. If you’re a victim of online fraud, contact the authorities. You can file an online report with the Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3)--a partnership

between the FBI, the National White Collar Crime Center, and the Bureau of Justice Assistance. Also contact your local police to file a report. The more people who report such crimes, the more criminals are arrested.

53. According to Tips One and Two, which of the followings is INCORRECT? A. When a net-pal asks for your phone number, you decline politely. B. Check it up to ensure that a request for information intends no harm. C. Provide your birthday date as an identifier to substitute security number.

D. Don't divulge your private information when you register for a social media website.

54. According to Tip Three, the cheaters tend to make use of people's A. innocence. B. kindness. C. ignorance, D. greediness.

55. According to Tips Four and Five, people should resort to their banks for help by

A. mobile phone or email alerts B. extensive monitoring C. free credit reports

石油人 第五届职称英语班培训材料

D. credit bureaus

56. What does the author call for in the last paragraph? A. The punishment on criminals. B. The public's legal consciousness. C. The legal authorities' assistance. D. The local police's alertness.

Questions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:

More people than ever before are now going to dentists’ office, but half of the United States population will not see a dentist. The reason is quite simple. As most dentists believe, they are scared. And really, what experience is worse than seeing a traditional dentist? You wait in silence, thumbing through old magazines, in a sterile white waiting room in which no one ever speaks. All is silent until an assistant calls your name and leads you back to another white room, this one filled with machinery to frighten you still further.

At the Medical College of Georgia, dentists are taught principles of behavior and techniques of office design that should help reduce the patient’s anxiety and tension. Assistants and receptionists are taught to smile and speak to the patient. This helps create an atmosphere of trust. Dentists themselves are being taught to communicate more fully with the patient. A phrase such as \"you’re doing fine\" tells the patient that the dentist is appreciative of the patient’s predicament. These phrases also help by rewarding the tolerance of pain.

Dentists’ offices are being repainted in \"earth tones,\" brown, green, tan and other soothing colors. A startling color such as red should be avoided at all costs; red brings to mind blood and pain. Paintings and other distractions are strategically located; music is piped in to help the patients ignore his or her pain. Until recently, dentists had ignored the fact that most patients never see much more than the ceiling of the practice room. Most of the time, patients are lying flat on their backs with little to busy their minds other than their pains. Now dentists are not only building ceilings with fancy patterns, but also distracting their patients with ceiling TV set, computer games and mazes, and mobile sculptures. One quick technique involves placing

mirrors so patients can distract themselves by watching fish in a tank located near the ceiling.

Less drastic changes include redoing the practice rooms to include less of the sterile color white and redesigning the machinery a dentist must use to make it appear less frightening. Uniforms are also being made in pastel and earth colors, no longer in white. Some dentists go much further. They take an active role in teaching their patients to relax; some are teaching their patients deep muscle relaxation and

breathing control. Some use advanced techniques, such as hypnosis and biofeedback to help their patients relax in the chair. Drugs and painkillers may still be used to ease physical pain, but all these techniques of relaxation help the patient relax and avoid anxiety over their pain.

石油人 第五届职称英语班培训材料

57. The main idea of this passage is that

A. most people are anxious about physical pain.

B. physical surroundings affects people's emotional reactions. C. decoration is the primary factor in relieving the patient's fears. D. earth tones are soothing colors. 58. Some dentists distract their patients with A. mobile sculptures B. television sets C. computer games D. all of the above

59. We can conclude from the passage that

A. being anxious and tense increase the pain a patient feels. B. being anxious and tense cause the pain a patient feels. C. relaxation blocks out all pain.

D. patients feel more pain if they think the dentist is concerned with their feelings.

60. The passage suggests that

A. most pain associated with dentistry is caused by unprofessional dentists. B. some of the pain felt by patients may be psychological.

C. dentists' offices are usually painted white because they must be kept sterile.

D. warm colors ease physical pain. Section B

Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

People communicate for many reasons. They communicate in order to give information, to ask help, to give orders, to 61 promises, to provide amusement, to express their 62 . Much of the communicating that people do is 63 to persuade someone to change his attitudes or the way he behaves.

The study of persuasion is interesting both on scientific and on practical grounds. On the scientific side, it helps us to understand 64 why people behave the way they do and why their 65 sometimes changes. On the practical side, an understanding of persuasive techniques would have obvious 66 to an advertiser, a politician, and educator--to anyone 67 job is to change what people think and do.

It is probably not 68, therefore, that the 69 of research devoted each year to this topic has been growing even faster than the burgeoning rate of psychology as a whole. There have been literally hundreds of experiments on persuasive communication during 70 of the past decades.

61. A. make B. keep C. ask D. give 62. A. worries B. ideas C. problems D. words 63. A. intended B. intending C. said D. saying

石油人 第五届职称英语班培训材料

64. A. easily B. simply C. best D. better 65. A. behavior B. appearance C. thought D. opinion 66. A. value B. good C. worth D. merit 67. A. his B. which C. whose D. that 68. A. surprised B. surprising C. be surprised D. surprise 69. A. sum B. figure C. amount D. number 70. A. every B. each C. one D. some B级. 71.

(1)The Chief Executive of a large hotel became aware that his company was experiencing annual employee turnover of about 40 percent, at an annual cost estimated between $8 to $10 million. This large amount of money was calculated based on two factors: the money spent hiring replacements and the cost to the business in lower productivity due to employees becoming familiar with the requirements of their new job.

(2)Employee turnover is a perennial problem in the hotel industry. But there are some talent management practices and tactics you can adopt to increase employee retention. Here are a couple of suggestions.

(3)Recognize and Reward Solid Performance: We all like to feel appreciated! Your hotel and managers need formal and informal ways to recognize and reward high performance. Not all rewards need to be financial. Even a simple \"thank you\" or public recognition of their efforts can be effective ways to reward employees. And employees who feel valued tend to stick around.

(4)Provide Opportunities for Development: Giving your staff opportunities to develop and expand their knowledge skills and experience can be a powerful contributor to employee retention .

(5)These talent management practices will not only drive up employee retention, but also increase employee performance and engagement.