1. Titles of Works in the Research Paper
1.1. Rules for capitalization
Nouns, e.g. The Flowers of Europe Pronouns, e.g. Save Our Children Verbs, e.g. What Is Literature? Adjectives, e.g. The Ugly Duckling Adverbs, e.g. Only Slightly Corrupt
Subordinating conjunctions, e.g. after, although, as if, as soon as because, before, if , that, unless, until, when , where, while as in One If by Land
1.2. Do not capitalize:
Articles: a, an, the
Prepositions: against, between, in, of, to, etc.
Coordination conjunctions, e.g. and, but, for nor, or so, yet The to in infinitives
1.3. Italicized Titles
Book, play, long poem published as a book, pamphlet, newspaper, magazine, film, television program, compact disc, audio-cassette, record album, ballet, opera, painting, sculpture, ship, aircraft, spacecraft.
1.4. Titles in Quotation Marks
Newspaper article, magazine article, encyclopedia article, essay in a book, short story, poem, chapter in a book, episode of the television program, song, lecture.
1.5. Titles and Quotations within Titles
“Romeo and Juliet and Renaissance Politics”
“The Uncanny Theology of „A Good Man Is Hard to Find‟” a book about a book:
Approaches to Teaching Murasaki Shikibu‟s “the Tale of Genji”
1.6. Exceptions
1.6.1. Sacred Writings
Bible Gospels Talmud
Old Testament
Genesis, etc.
1.6.2. Laws, Acts, and Similar Political Documents
Declaration of Independence Bill of Rights
Treaty of Trianon, etc. 1.6.3. Series
Bollingen Series
Masterpiece Theatre
2. MLA Documentation Style
2.1. Bibliography
2.1.1. Placement of Bibliography
end of the paper on a new page
continuing the page numbers of the text. 2.1.2. Format of Bibliography
center the title, Bibliography, an inch from the top of the page,
double-space between the title and the first entry
if an entry runs more than one line, indent the subsequent lines
five spaces from the left margin 1.5 space
2.1.3. Arrangement of Entries
alphabetize entries by the author‟s last name, using the
letter-by-letter system
2.2. Parenthetical Documentation 夹注的格式
2.2.1. Basic Format
e.g.
Close to each quotation or reference appears a parenthetical note which \"contains only enough information to enable readers to find the source in the works-cited list\" (Gibaldi 105).
2.2.2. Citing Two or More Works by the Same Author of Authors
In a parenthetical reference to one of two or more works by the same author, put a comma after the author‟s last name and add the title of the work (if brief) or a shortened version and the relent page reference, for example, “(Frye, Double Vision 85)” or “ (Durant and Durant, Age 214-48).”
2.3 Format of Entries
2.3.1 Basic Entry
Sequence Number (1 2 3 4 )
Author's Last name, Author's First name.
Title of Document. (italic for books & quotation marks for theses) Title of Complete Work (if applicable).
Name of editor (last name +first name+ ed). Edition (if applicable). Volume number. Series name.
Place of publication. (+colon) Name of publisher. Date of publication.
1. Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 4th Ed. New
York: MLA, 1995.
2. 4. Other Entries
2.4.1. Book by two or more authors
1. Huppé, Bernard F., and Jack Kaminsky. Logic and Language. New York: Alfred A.
Knopf, 1957.
2.4.2. Two or more books by the same author
1. Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. Middlesex: Penguin, 1966.
---. Shirley. Middlesex: Penguin, 1983.（用三个连接符代替作者姓名）
2.4.3. Book in a series
1. Ngugi, James. Weep Not, Child. African Writers Series. 7. London: Heinemann
Educational Books, 1964.
2.4.4. Introduction, Preface, Foreword, or Afterword of a book
1. Pottle, Frederick A. Introduction. Boswell in Holland, 1763-1764. By James Boswell.
Ed. Frederick A. Pottle. Yale Edition of the Private Papers of James Boswell. London: Heinemann, 1952.
2.4.5. Multivolume works
1. Grant, Robert M. \"Gnosticism.\" Dictionary of the History of Ideas. Ed. Philip P.
Wiener. Vol. 2. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1973.
2.4.6. Translation
1. Lessing, G. E. Nathan the Wise. Trans. R. Dillon Boylan. Lessing's Dramatic Works.
Ed. Ernest Bell. London: George Bell, 1878.
2.4.7. Article in a periodical
1. Hamblin, Robert. \"'A Fine Loud Grabble and Snatch of AAA and WPA': Faulkner,
Government, and the Individual.\" Arkansas Review: A Journal of Delta Studies 31.1 (2000).
2.4.8. Article in a newspaper
1. Picard, André. \"BC Premier's Intake Estimated at 10 Drinks.\" Globe and Mail
[Toronto] 14 Jan. 2003: A1.
2.4.9. Electric Sources / WWW (World Wide Web) documents
To cite World Wide Web documents, provide the author's name; the title of the document; the document date; the sponsoring organization or institution; the date of access; and the full http address.
1. Spacek, Richard. \"Stress.\" 1997. The UNB Writing and Study Skills Centre On-line.
15 Jan. 2001. 国标《文后参考文献著录规则》(GB/T 7714—2005) 著录项目、著录格式及示例摘要 1． 常用文献类型和载体类型标识如下： 1）文献类型 M——专著，C——论文集，N——报纸文章，J——期刊文章，D——学位论文，R——报告，S——标准，P——专利；对于不属于上述的文献类型，采用字母“Z”标识。 2）载体类型 MT——磁带，DK——磁盘，CD——光盘，OL——联机网络，DB——数据库，EB——电子公告。 2． 专著 1）著录格式 主要责任者. 题名: 其他题名信息[文献类型标志]. 其他责任者. 版本项. 出版地: 出版者, 出版年.（所有标点符号均使用半角符号，逗号、句号、冒号后均需加一个空格） 2）示例 [1] 余敏. 出版集团研究[M]. 北京: 中国书籍出版社, 2001. [2] 昂温 G, 昂温 P S. 外国出版史[M]. 陈生铮, 译. 北京: 中国书籍出版社, 1988. [3] 辛希孟. 信息技术与信息服务国际研讨会论文集: A集[C]. 北京: 中国社会科学出版社, 1994. 2． 专著中的析出文献 析出文献，指从整本文献中析出的具有独立篇名的文献。 1）著录格式 析出文献主要责任者. 析出文献题名[文献类型标志]. 析出文献其他责任者//专著主要责任者. 专著题名: 其他题名信息. 版本项. 出版地: 出版者, 出版年. 2） 示例 [1] 程根伟. 1998年长江洪水的成因与减灾对策[M] //许厚泽, 赵其国. 长江流域洪涝灾害与科技对策. 北京: 科学出版社, 1999. [2] 钟文发. 非线性规划在可燃毒物配置中的应用[C] //赵玮. 运筹学的理论与应用: 中国运筹学会第五届大会论文集. 西安: 西安电子科技大学出版社, 1996. 3． 连续出版物中的析出文献 1）著录格式 析出文献主要责任者. 析出文献题名[文献类型]. 连续出版物题名: 其他题名信息, 年,卷(期). 2）示例 [1] 李小东, 张庆红, 叶瑾琳. 气候学研究的若干理论问题[J]. 北京大学学报: 自然科学版, 1999, 35(1). 4． 电子文献 1）著录格式 主要责任者. 题名: 其他题名信息[文献类型/文献载体标志]. 出版地: 出版者, 出版年(更新或修改日期). [引用日期]. 获取和访问路径. 2）示例 [1] Online Computer Library Center, Inc. History of OCLC[EB/OL].[2000-01-08]. http://www.oclc.Org/about/history/default.htm. 5． 学位论文示例 [1] 刘伟. 汉字不同视觉识别方式的理论和实证研究[D]. 北京：北京师范大学心理系，1998. 6． 报告示例 [1] 白秀水, 刘敢, 任保平. 西安金融、人才、技术三大要素市场培育与发展研究[R]. 西安:陕西师范大学西北经济发展研究中心, 1998. 7． 报纸文章示例 [1] 李大伦. 经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报, 1998-12-27, (3) 译著的参考文献的格式示例： 沃克, 艾丽斯.紫颜色[M].陶洁，译.南京：译林出版社，1998. 注：国标使用“方括号＋阿拉伯数字”排序 因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容